CN106484094A - 用于具有抬头显示器的车辆中眼球追踪的方法 - Google Patents

用于具有抬头显示器的车辆中眼球追踪的方法 Download PDF

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CN106484094A
CN106484094A CN201610711127.3A CN201610711127A CN106484094A CN 106484094 A CN106484094 A CN 106484094A CN 201610711127 A CN201610711127 A CN 201610711127A CN 106484094 A CN106484094 A CN 106484094A
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hud
vehicle
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马图斯·巴尼亚伊
马库斯·黑夫纳
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种借助使用摄像机(6)观察来捕捉具有抬头显示器的车辆的驾驶员视点和视线移动的方法，摄像机(6)接收由抬头显示器的投影面(3)反射的驾驶员头部(2)的图像。根据本发明，使用抬头显示器显示给驾驶员的至少一些信息是根据驾驶员的视点和视线移动来选择。

Description

用于具有抬头显示器的车辆中眼球追踪的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种根据权利要求1前序部分的用于通过使用摄影机观察来捕捉具有抬头显示器车辆的驾驶员的视点和视线移动的方法，该摄影机接收由抬头显示器的投影面反射的驾驶员头部图像，以及涉及一种根据权利要求6前序部分的相应装备的车辆。
背景技术
这样的方法，称为眼球追踪，由US 2003/0142041 A1公开且用于识别驾驶员缺乏关注的事件的发生，而在驾驶舱中没有摄影机限制驾驶员的视野。
通常，在机动车辆中有两种类型的抬头显示器。一种类型使用挡风玻璃作为由成像装置和成像镜组成的投影系统用来投射驾驶员可见的虚拟图像的投影面，成像镜可以成形为球面形、非球面形和自由形状。其他类型利用单独图像组合装置，例如由玻璃或塑料或者相应配置的棱镜制成的透明投影屏幕，来作为投影面。如从驾驶员观察，这样的图像组合装置位于靠近挡风玻璃前方的仪表板上，且可以通常缩回进仪表板或者可以折叠下来。图像组合装置在驾驶员方向上反射由成像装置产生的图像。
抬头显示器用于向驾驶员显示各种信息，其中向驾驶员示出的信息类型是预设的或可以由他来选择。信息的选择通常是快速捕捉和精细化之间的折衷，其中抬头显示器的信息不应该超负荷，即使没有别的原因，这可能对车辆前方场景的驾驶员感知造成负面影响。
发明内容
本发明基于允许抬头显示器上信息选择性显示的目的。
该目的通过具有权利要求1和6特征的方法和车辆实现。
本发明的进一步有利发展在从属权利要求中详细说明。
为了实现该目的，本发明使用公开在US 2003/0142041 A1的系统，以便从由摄像机观察到的驾驶员头部图像确定驾驶员的视点和视线移动。由于摄像机接收由抬头显示器投影面反射的驾驶员头部图像，这样的摄像机不会限制驾驶员的视野，并且还通过自动地仅显示基于驾驶员的视线方向的目前表现为相关的信息或附加信息，而不是目前不相关的任何其他信息，来使由抬头显示器引起的驾驶员视野限制和分心保持为最小化。
关于什么样的信息当前对驾驶员来说表现为有用的自动检查，可以以本身已知的方式通过比较确定的视点和视线移动与车辆前方景象来执行，该车辆前方景象是由摄像机观察景象的图像-特别是与抬头显示器独立操作的前置摄像机-以及由来自导航系统和互联网的信息而合成。
特别地，关于驾驶员是否正在看他视野范围内的物体或区域的检查被执行，关于该物体或区域可获得与驾驶员相关的信息或附加信息，以及在本实例中，通过抬头显示器获得和显示的相应的信息，同时使基于驾驶员视线方向的目前表现为不相关的信息从显示器上移除。
例如，如果驾驶员正在看车辆前部，则显示车辆的速度；如果驾驶员正在看向加油站的方向，则显示适用于此处的当前油价；以及如果驾驶员正在看交通标志或类似的，例如在高速公路上标志的实例中，则显示当前交通信息，或者在强制或禁止标志实例中，则显示强制或禁止的限制会有效的时间长度。当驾驶员不在看向物体时，信息在特定时间周期之后被自动移除。
抬头显示器可以是具有位于车辆挡风玻璃和驾驶员头部之间光路中作为投影面的图像合成装置的类型，或者可以是使用挡风玻璃作为投影面的类型。
如从上述说明书可知的，另外驾驶员头部经由光路通过光线被照明，驾驶员通过该光路看见由抬头显示器显示的图像且同样通过该光路进行眼球追踪，上述光对人眼不可见而仅对摄像机可见，例如红外光，以便增加对比度且减少红眼现象，这使眼球追踪容易。在本实例中，上述光路使用三次。
附图说明
下面是一个示范性实施例的参考附图的描述；
图1显示了具有仪表板上部的图像合成装置的机动车辆抬头显示器的部分纵向截面图。
具体实施方式
如图1所示，可缩回进仪表板和经由电动马达伸出的透明投影屏幕3位于具有抬头显示器(HUD)的机动车辆中，该抬头显示器在仪表板上部且相对接近挡风玻璃1且在驾驶员视野范围之内，其中仅驾驶员的头部2被示意性的示出。
投影屏幕3显示了图像合成装置，图像合成装置将由投影机4通过分束器5投射到投影屏幕3上的图像反射到驾驶员眼睛的方向且将该图像与车辆前部的通过投影屏幕3可见的部分场景结合，如用虚线所示。投影屏幕3围绕车辆横向轴线在小角度范围内通过电动马达是可旋转的，或者抬头显示器作为整体是可旋转的。
投射到投影屏幕3上且由此反射的图像作为空间限定光束到达驾驶员，空间限定光束限定通常所知的眼部框(“头部运动框”)，其中由抬头显示器显示的信息对驾驶员是可见的。
摄像机6接收在投影屏幕3上反射且已经通过分束器5传递的驾驶员头部2的图像，如用虚线所示。图像评估装置(未示出)基于摄像机图像进行简单眼球追踪，以便确定眼椭圆的位置且将其与眼部框(Eye box)现有位置比较位置，其中7表明眼部框的上和下边缘。如果需要的话，旋转投影屏幕3，以便眼椭圆大约中心地位于眼部框中。
换言之，使用摄像机6观察驾驶员眼球，摄像机6接收在投影屏幕3中反射的驾驶员头部2图像，其中驾驶员眼球位置从由摄像机6观察的驾驶员头部2图像来确定，并且其中来自投影屏幕3的光束的方向(由抬头显示器显示的信息在投影屏幕3中对驾驶员可见)与眼球位置自动匹配，因此基于确定的眼球位置通过自动旋转投影屏幕3来确定，以便光束与确定的眼球位置匹配。
通过自动地匹配眼部框高度位置，使眼部框高度小于通常必须的眼部框是可能的，例如高度上仅是20mm而不是50mm。这个较小的眼部框可以通过较小的抬头显示器生成。
摄像机6可以是红外摄像机，以及驾驶员头部2可以通过经由另外的分束器(未示出)耦合进共同光路且在投影屏幕3反射的红外线来照明。
此外，图像评估装置基于摄像机图像进行实际眼球追踪，在该摄像机图像中捕捉驾驶员的视点和视线移动。将视点和视线移动与车辆前方景象相比较，该车辆前方景象是从摄像机观察的图像以及来自导航系统和互联网的信息合成，以便根据驾驶员的视点和视线移动选择显示给驾驶员的信息。
特别要检查的是驾驶员是否在看他视野内的物体或区域，关于该物体或区域的与驾驶员相关的信息或附加信息是可获得的，以及在本实例中，相应的信息可以被获取且使用抬头显示器显示，同时基于驾驶员视线方向的目前未表现为相关的信息从显示器被移除。
例如，如果驾驶员正在看车辆前方，则会显示车辆速度；如果驾驶员正在看加油站的方向，则会显示此处适用的目前油价；以及如果驾驶员看向交通标志或类似的，例如，在高速公路上标志的实例中，则显示目前交通信息，或者在强制或禁止标志实例中，则显示强制或禁止的限制有效的时间长度。
此外可以实现例如用于面部识别和驾驶员辅助的扩展图像评估。

Claims (6)

1.一种借助使用摄像机(6)观察来捕捉具有抬头显示器的车辆的驾驶员视点和视线移动的方法，所述摄像机(6)接收由所述抬头显示器的投影面(3)反射的所述驾驶员的头部(2)的图像，
其中所述驾驶员的眼球位置由通过所述摄像机(6)观察到的所述驾驶员头部(2)的所述图像确定并且其中使来自所述投影面(3)的光束方向自动地与由此确定的眼球位置匹配，在所述投影面(3)中由所述抬头显示器显示的信息对所述驾驶员可见。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中执行关于所述驾驶员是否正在看他视野内的物体或区域的检查，关于所述物体或区域的与所述驾驶员相关的信息或附加信息是可获得的，以及其中相应信息被获得并且通过所述抬头显示器显示。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的方法，其中根据所述驾驶员(2)的视线方向当前未表现出相关的信息被移除。
4.如前述权利要求任一项所述的方法，其中通过光线照明所述驾驶员的头部(2)，所述光线在所述投影面(3)上被反射并且对人眼不可见而对所述摄像机(6)可见。
5.如在前权利要求任一项所述的方法，其中所述车辆是机动车辆。
6.一种车辆，所述车辆具有抬头显示器和用于接收由所述抬头显示器的投影面(3)反射的驾驶员头部(2)的图像的摄像机，其中所述车辆设置为执行如前述任一项权利要求所述的方法。
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