CN106480581B - 一种防水防紫外的高强度轻薄面料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种防水防紫外的高强度轻薄面料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN106480581B
CN106480581B CN201610838910.6A CN201610838910A CN106480581B CN 106480581 B CN106480581 B CN 106480581B CN 201610838910 A CN201610838910 A CN 201610838910A CN 106480581 B CN106480581 B CN 106480581B
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CN106480581A (zh
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王文庆
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SHAOXING DAFA CLOTH TRADE CO., LTD.
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Abstract

本发明提供一种防水防紫外的高强度轻薄面料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：将陶瓷纤维和三角形异形涤纶纤维混纺形成经线，将氨纶纤维和钛镍合金纤维混纺形成纬线，以平纹或者方平组织作为织物结构织造形成基布；将纳米二氧化硅溶胶与纳米二氧化钛溶胶加入溶剂中，充分搅拌，再加入氧化石墨烯溶液，再滴加聚苯乙烯高聚物，均质搅拌，得到涂层整理剂；将基布水洗晾干，在氮气氛围下，经低温等离子体处理得到改性的基布，将改性基布表面喷洒去离子水，润湿，多次涂覆涂层整理剂，烘干，焙烘，水洗，再经平整熨烫，拉幅定型，得到产品。

Description

一种防水防紫外的高强度轻薄面料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于纺织材料技术领域，具体涉及一种防水防紫外的高强度轻薄面料及其制备方法。
背景技术
近年来，随着人们生活水平的不断提高，越来越多的人倾向于回归大自然，去参加越来越多的户外活动，但是工业产业的飞速发展也给环境带来了沉重的负担，过多的紫外线和环境污染等与参加户外活动的愿望相背离。因此，为了满足这一现状，人们对户外纺织品的要求也越来越高，不仅要满足人们的基本生产和生活，而且要适应现状的户外环境，具有高强度、防水、防紫外、透气透湿、自清洁、防电磁辐射等多种功能。
中国专利CN 104859231A公开的一种帐篷面料及其制备方法，该帐篷面料包括基布剂防水涂层，基布由涤纶纤维、大麻纤维、竹纤维和羊毛纤维混纺成纱，在织造形成基布，然后在基布的表面喷涂聚氨酯防水涂层，在保证面料服用性能的基础上，保证了面料的防水效果和色牢度，并且基于多种纤维混纺使面料具有良好的强度、抗菌、保温、抗紫外线和防静电效果。中国专利CN 1247850C公开的载有光催化剂的帐篷用帆布及其制造方法，该帐篷用帆布包括纤维基布、氯乙烯系树脂层或者增塑剂移动抑制层、催化剂涂层和硅改性树脂粘结层，通过用增塑剂移动抑制层保证光催化剂的使用率，但是增塑剂的含量过多回降低面料的扯裂强度。
由上述现有技术可知，目前制备的户外纺织品多是通过基本的涂层法将功能性涂层与基布简单复合，涂层中的主要成分多为增塑剂，功能性材料的含量很少，增塑剂的脆性较大，吸附到纤维的表面会降低纤维的柔性，使织物的抗撕裂性能大幅度下降，影响面料的服用性能。
本发明的申请人基于上述现有技术，将柔性的高分子成膜剂与纳米材料相结合，将物理吸附、化学接枝和自组装技术综合运用，从微纳米尺度上对面料进行功能性整理，不仅不影响面料的轻薄、强度和透气透湿，还赋予面料防水、防紫外、抗菌、抑菌等性能。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种防水防紫外的高强度轻薄面料，包括基布和涂层，基布由陶瓷纤维、三角形异形涤纶纤维、氨纶纤维和钛镍合金纤维制备，涂层中包括纳米二氧化钛、氧化石墨烯、纳米二氧化硅多孔材料和聚苯乙烯高分子成膜剂，基于本身基布所具有的抗紫外、高强度和防电磁辐射性能的基础上，通过物理吸附、化学接枝和自组装技术，在基布的表面形成一层防水防紫外抗菌抑菌的多功能薄膜，进一步提高面料的功能性。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明的技术方案是：
一种防水防紫外的高强度轻薄面料，包括涂层和基布，所述防水防紫外的高强度轻薄面料的基布由陶瓷纤维、涤纶纤维、氨纶纤维和金属纤维，所述防水防紫外的高强度轻薄面料的涂层中包括纳米二氧化钛、氧化石墨烯、纳米多孔材料和高分子成膜剂，所述纳米多孔材料为纳米二氧化硅微球自组装形成的多孔材料，所述高分子成膜剂为聚苯乙烯，所述涤纶纤维为三角形异形涤纶纤维，所述金属纤维为钛镍合金纤维。
作为上述技术方案的优选，所述基布包括经线和纬线，所述经线由陶瓷纤维和三角形异形涤纶纤维混纺形成，所述纬线由氨纶纤维和钛镍合金纤维混纺形成，所述基布由经线和纬线以平纹或者方平组织作为织物结构织造形成。
本发明还提供一种防水防紫外的高强度轻薄面料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)将陶瓷纤维和三角形异形涤纶纤维混纺形成经线，将氨纶纤维和钛镍合金纤维混纺形成纬线，经线和纬线以平纹或者方平组织作为织物结构织造形成基布；
(2)将纳米二氧化硅溶胶与纳米二氧化钛溶胶加入溶剂中，充分搅拌，再加入氧化石墨烯溶液，再滴加聚苯乙烯高聚物，均质搅拌，得到涂层整理剂；
(3)将步骤(1)制备的基布水洗晾干，置于低温等离子装备中，在氮气氛围下，经低温等离子体处理得到改性的基布；
(4)将步骤(3)制备的改性基布表面喷洒去离子水，润湿，再涂覆步骤(2)制备的涂层整理剂，烘干，再涂覆，烘干，焙烘，水洗，再经平整熨烫，拉幅定型，得到防水防紫外的高强度轻薄面料。
作为上述技术方案的优选，所述步骤(1)中，经线的纤度为13.7-20.5dtex，纬线的纤度为9.8-12.4dtex。
作为上述技术方案的优选，所述步骤(1)中，基布中经线密度为316-334根/10cm，纬线密度为266-294根/10cm。
作为上述技术方案的优选，所述步骤(2)中，纳米二氧化硅的粒径为20-30nm和200-250nm，纳米二氧化钛的粒径为50-100nm。
作为上述技术方案的优选，所述步骤(2)中，涂层整理剂中的组分，按重量份计，包括：纳米二氧化硅5-10份，纳米二氧化钛1-4份，氧化石墨烯0.5-2份，聚苯乙烯高聚物3-7份，溶剂30-50份。
作为上述技术方案的优选，所述步骤(3)中，低温等离子体处理的功率为200-250W，时间为60-90s。
作为上述技术方案的优选，所述步骤(4)中，润湿的改性基布的含水率为30-45％。
作为上述技术方案的优选，所述步骤(4)中，烘干的温度为80-90℃，时间为2-5min，焙烘的温度为120-150℃，时间为5-10min。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下有益效果：
(1)本发明制备防水防紫外的高强度轻薄面料的涂层的主要原料为纳米多孔材料，纳米多孔材料为二氧化硅凝胶材料，二氧化硅凝胶材料为大小不同的二氧化硅微球，粒径不同的二氧化硅微球形成规则的孔洞结构，再通过高分子成膜剂作为连接剂，将二氧化硅微球之间连接紧密，防止出现掉粉的现象，此外涂层中还含有纳米二氧化钛和氧化石墨烯，纳米二氧化钛可以反射阳光，光催化表面的部分污渍，达到自清洁的目的，还抗菌防霉，氧化石墨烯可以很大程度的增加涂层的机械强度和电磁屏蔽性能。
(2)本发明制备的防水防紫外的高强度轻薄面料的基布包括陶瓷纤维、涤纶纤维、氨纶纤维和金属纤维，陶瓷纤维具有优异的抗紫外性能，将陶瓷纤维与涤纶纤维混纺，提高陶瓷纤维的机械性能，而且涤纶纤维为三角形异形纤维，具有反光性能，三角形截面有利于与其他纤维之间结合紧密，提高面料的机械强度，氨纶纤维赋予面料的弹性，钛镍合金赋予面料高屏蔽性能，而且有利于增强面料的透气和机械性能。
(3)本发明制备防水防紫外的高强度轻薄面料涂层与基层结合紧密，涂层通过物理吸附和化学接枝的方法牢度的附着于基层的表面，而且涂层中还含有自组装的纳米多孔结构，保证涂层的透气防水性能，此外涂层薄，不影响基布本身的性能，使面料具有轻薄、柔软、防水、透气，还具有抗菌、抗紫外、自清洁和电磁屏蔽功能。
具体实施方式
下面将结合具体实施例来详细说明本发明，在此本发明的示意性实施例以及说明用来解释本发明，但并不作为对本发明的限定。
实施例1：
(1)将陶瓷纤维和三角形异形涤纶纤维混纺形成13.7dtex的经线，将氨纶纤维和钛镍合金纤维混纺形成9.8dtex的纬线，经线和纬线以平纹组织作为织物结构，以316根/10cm经线密度和266根/10cm纬线密度织造形成基布。
(2)将质量比为3:1的粒径为20-30nm和200-250nm的纳米二氧化硅溶胶与粒径为50-100nm的纳米二氧化钛溶胶加入溶剂中，充分搅拌，再加入质量分数为3％的氧化石墨烯水溶液，一边搅拌一边滴加聚苯乙烯高聚物，均质搅拌，得到涂层整理剂，其中涂层整理剂中的组分，按重量份计，包括：纳米二氧化硅5份，纳米二氧化钛1份，氧化石墨烯0.5份，聚苯乙烯高聚物3份，溶剂30份。
(3)将基布水洗晾干，置于低温等离子装备中，在氮气氛围下，在200W功率下低温等离子体处理60s得到改性的基布，然后将改性基布表面喷洒去离子水，润湿至改性基布的含水率为30％，再涂覆一层厚度为0.5μm的涂层整理剂，在80℃烘干2min，再涂覆一层厚度为0.5μm的涂层整理剂，在80℃烘干2min，在120℃下焙烘5min，水洗，再经平整熨烫，拉幅定型，得到防水防紫外的高强度轻薄面料。
实施例2：
(1)将陶瓷纤维和三角形异形涤纶纤维混纺形成20.5dtex的经线，将氨纶纤维和钛镍合金纤维混纺形成12.4dtex的纬线，经线和纬线以方平组织作为织物结构，以334根/10cm经线密度和294根/10cm纬线密度织造形成基布。
(2)将质量比为5:1的粒径为20-30nm和200-250nm的纳米二氧化硅溶胶与粒径为50-100nm的纳米二氧化钛溶胶加入溶剂中，充分搅拌，再加入质量分数为5％的氧化石墨烯水溶液，一边搅拌一边滴加聚苯乙烯高聚物，均质搅拌，得到涂层整理剂，其中涂层整理剂中的组分，按重量份计，包括：纳米二氧化硅10份，纳米二氧化钛4份，氧化石墨2份，聚苯乙烯高聚物7份，溶剂50份。
(3)将基布水洗晾干，置于低温等离子装备中，在氮气氛围下，在250W功率下低温等离子体处理90s得到改性的基布，然后将改性基布表面喷洒去离子水，润湿至改性基布的含水率为45％，再涂覆一层厚度为1μm的涂层整理剂，在90℃烘干5min，再涂覆一层厚度为1μm的涂层整理剂，在90℃烘干5min，在150℃下焙烘10min，水洗，再经平整熨烫，拉幅定型，得到防水防紫外的高强度轻薄面料。
实施例3：
(1)将陶瓷纤维和三角形异形涤纶纤维混纺形成15.6dtex的经线，将氨纶纤维和钛镍合金纤维混纺形成10.4dtex的纬线，经线和纬线以平纹组织作为织物结构，以322根/10cm经线密度和286根/10cm纬线密度织造形成基布。
(2)将质量比为4:1的粒径为20-30nm和200-250nm的纳米二氧化硅溶胶与粒径为50-100nm的纳米二氧化钛溶胶加入溶剂中，充分搅拌，再加入质量分数为4％的氧化石墨烯水溶液，一边搅拌一边滴加聚苯乙烯高聚物，均质搅拌，得到涂层整理剂，其中涂层整理剂中的组分，按重量份计，包括：纳米二氧化硅6份，纳米二氧化钛3份，氧化石墨烯1份，聚苯乙烯高聚物4份，溶剂45份。
(3)将基布水洗晾干，置于低温等离子装备中，在氮气氛围下，在250W功率下低温等离子体处理60s得到改性的基布，然后将改性基布表面喷洒去离子水，润湿至改性基布的含水率为5％，再涂覆一层厚度为0.8μm的涂层整理剂，在85℃烘干3min，再涂覆一层厚度为0.7μm的涂层整理剂，在85℃烘干2-5min，在135℃下焙烘6min，水洗，再经平整熨烫，拉幅定型，得到防水防紫外的高强度轻薄面料。
实施例4：
(1)将陶瓷纤维和三角形异形涤纶纤维混纺形成19.8dtex的经线，将氨纶纤维和钛镍合金纤维混纺形成11.8dtex的纬线，经线和纬线以平纹或者方平组织作为织物结构，以324根/10cm经线密度和288根/10cm纬线密度织造形成基布。
(2)将质量比为5:1的粒径为20-30nm和200-250nm的纳米二氧化硅溶胶与粒径为50-100nm的纳米二氧化钛溶胶加入溶剂中，充分搅拌，再加入质量分数为3.5％的氧化石墨烯水溶液，一边搅拌一边滴加聚苯乙烯高聚物，均质搅拌，得到涂层整理剂，其中涂层整理剂中的组分，按重量份计，包括：纳米二氧化硅9份，纳米二氧化钛2份，氧化石墨烯1份，聚苯乙烯高聚物5份，溶剂35份。
(3)将基布水洗晾干，置于低温等离子装备中，在氮气氛围下，在200W功率下低温等离子体处理90s得到改性的基布，然后将改性基布表面喷洒去离子水，润湿至改性基布的含水率为42％，再涂覆一层厚度为0.8μm的涂层整理剂，在90℃烘干2min，再涂覆一层厚度为0.8μm的涂层整理剂，在90℃烘干2.5min，在150℃下焙烘5min，水洗，再经平整熨烫，拉幅定型，得到防水防紫外的高强度轻薄面料。
实施例5：
(1)将陶瓷纤维和三角形异形涤纶纤维混纺形成20.5dtex的经线，将氨纶纤维和钛镍合金纤维混纺形成9.8dtex的纬线，经线和纬线以平纹或者方平组织作为织物结构，以334根/10cm经线密度和266根/10cm纬线密度织造形成基布。
(2)将质量比为5:1的粒径为20-30nm和200-250nm的纳米二氧化硅溶胶与粒径为50-100nm的纳米二氧化钛溶胶加入溶剂中，充分搅拌，再加入质量分数为3％的氧化石墨烯水溶液，一边搅拌一边滴加聚苯乙烯高聚物，均质搅拌，得到涂层整理剂，其中涂层整理剂中的组分，按重量份计，包括：纳米二氧化硅7份，纳米二氧化钛3份，氧化石墨烯1.5份，聚苯乙烯高聚物4份，溶剂50份。
(3)将基布水洗晾干，置于低温等离子装备中，在氮气氛围下，在250W功率下低温等离子体处理80s得到改性的基布，然后将改性基布表面喷洒去离子水，润湿至改性基布的含水率为35％，再涂覆一层厚度为0.5μm的涂层整理剂，在80℃烘干5min，再涂覆一层厚度为1μm的涂层整理剂，在80℃烘干5min，在150℃下焙烘5min，水洗，再经平整熨烫，拉幅定型，得到防水防紫外的高强度轻薄面料。
实施例6：
(1)将陶瓷纤维和三角形异形涤纶纤维混纺形成17.6dtex的经线，将氨纶纤维和钛镍合金纤维混纺形成10.8dtex的纬线，经线和纬线以平纹或者方平组织作为织物结构，以320根/10cm经线密度和276根/10cm纬线密度织造形成基布。
(2)将质量比为5:1的粒径为20-30nm和200-250nm的纳米二氧化硅溶胶与粒径为50-100nm的纳米二氧化钛溶胶加入溶剂中，充分搅拌，再加入质量分数为4.5％的氧化石墨烯水溶液，一边搅拌一边滴加聚苯乙烯高聚物，均质搅拌，得到涂层整理剂，其中涂层整理剂中的组分，按重量份计，包括：纳米二氧化硅8份，纳米二氧化钛2份，氧化石墨烯1.5份，聚苯乙烯高聚物3份，溶剂40份。
(3)将基布水洗晾干，置于低温等离子装备中，在氮气氛围下，在220W功率下低温等离子体处理75s得到改性的基布，然后将改性基布表面喷洒去离子水，润湿至改性基布的含水率为35％，再涂覆一层厚度为0.8μm的涂层整理剂，在90℃烘干3min，再涂覆一层厚度为0.8μm的涂层整理剂，在90℃烘干4min，在140℃下焙烘8min，水洗，再经平整熨烫，拉幅定型，得到防水防紫外的高强度轻薄面料。
经检测，实施例1-6制备的防水防紫外的高强度轻薄面料的强度、透气、透湿、防水、抗菌、抗紫外的结果如下所示：
实施例1 实施例2 实施例3 实施例4 实施例5 实施例6
透气量(L/m<sup>2</sup>·S) 2018 1867 1954 2004 1899 1976
断裂强度(cN/m<sup>3</sup>) 13.4 15.7 15.8 14.9 15.0 15.8
撕破强度(cN/m<sup>3</sup>) 13.7 14.5 14.0 14.2 14.7 13.8
透湿量(g/m<sup>2</sup>·h) 13.5 15.6 14.0 13.7 13.5 14.8
抗菌率(％) 67 73 70 71 72 73
防水率(％) 78 81 76 80 82 80
抗紫外(％) 68 76 72 71 73 70
由上表可见，本发明制备的防水防紫外的高强度轻薄面料的机械强度好，透气透湿，抗菌、防水、抗紫外。
上述实施例仅例示性说明本发明的原理及其功效，而非用于限制本发明。任何熟悉此技术的人士皆可在不违背本发明的精神及范畴下，对上述实施例进行修饰或改变。因此，举凡所属技术领域中具有通常知识者在未脱离本发明所揭示的精神与技术思想下所完成的一切等效修饰或改变，仍应由本发明的权利要求所涵盖。

Claims (8)

1.一种防水防紫外的高强度轻薄面料的制备方法，包括涂层和基布，其特征在于：所述防水防紫外的高强度轻薄面料的基布由陶瓷纤维、涤纶纤维、氨纶纤维和金属纤维，所述防水防紫外的高强度轻薄面料的涂层中包括纳米二氧化钛、氧化石墨烯、纳米多孔材料和高分子成膜剂，所述纳米多孔材料为纳米二氧化硅微球自组装形成的多孔材料，所述高分子成膜剂为聚苯乙烯高聚物，所述涤纶纤维为三角形异形涤纶纤维，所述金属纤维为钛镍合金纤维，所述基布包括经线和纬线，所述经线由陶瓷纤维和三角形异形涤纶纤维混纺形成，所述纬线由氨纶纤维和钛镍合金纤维混纺形成，所述基布由经线和纬线以平纹或者方平组织作为织物结构织造形成；
所述防水防紫外的高强度轻薄面料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)将陶瓷纤维和三角形异形涤纶纤维混纺形成经线，将氨纶纤维和钛镍合金纤维混纺形成纬线，经线和纬线以平纹或者方平组织作为织物结构织造形成基布；
(2)将纳米二氧化硅溶胶与纳米二氧化钛溶胶加入溶剂中，充分搅拌，再加入氧化石墨烯溶液，再滴加聚苯乙烯高聚物，均质搅拌，得到涂层整理剂；
(3)将步骤(1)制备的基布水洗晾干，置于低温等离子装备中，在氮气氛围下，经低温等离子体处理得到改性的基布；
(4)将步骤(3)制备的改性基布表面喷洒去离子水，润湿，再涂覆步骤(2)制备的涂层整理剂，烘干，再涂覆，烘干，焙烘，水洗，再经平整熨烫，拉幅定型，得到防水防紫外的高强度轻薄面料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种防水防紫外的高强度轻薄面料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(1)中，经线的纤度为13.7-20.5dtex，纬线的纤度为9.8-12.4dtex。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种防水防紫外的高强度轻薄面料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(1)中，基布中经线密度为316-334根/10cm，纬线密度为266-294根/10cm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种防水防紫外的高强度轻薄面料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(2)中，纳米二氧化硅的粒径为20-30nm和200-250nm，纳米二氧化钛的粒径为50-100nm。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种防水防紫外的高强度轻薄面料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(2)中，涂层整理剂中的组分，按重量份计，包括：纳米二氧化硅5-10份，纳米二氧化钛1-4份，氧化石墨烯0.5-2份，聚苯乙烯高聚物3-7份，溶剂30-50份。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种防水防紫外的高强度轻薄面料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(3)中，低温等离子体处理的功率为200-250W，时间为60-90s。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种防水防紫外的高强度轻薄面料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(4)中，润湿的改性基布的含水率为30-45％。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种防水防紫外的高强度轻薄面料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(4)中，烘干的温度为80-90℃，时间为2-5min，焙烘的温度为120-150℃，时间为5-10min。
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