CN106480253A - A kind of supercritical turbine preparation method of valve forging and valve forging - Google Patents
A kind of supercritical turbine preparation method of valve forging and valve forging Download PDFInfo
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- CN106480253A CN106480253A CN201610126042.9A CN201610126042A CN106480253A CN 106480253 A CN106480253 A CN 106480253A CN 201610126042 A CN201610126042 A CN 201610126042A CN 106480253 A CN106480253 A CN 106480253A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/52—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K1/00—Making machine elements
- B21K1/20—Making machine elements valve parts
- B21K1/205—Making machine elements valve parts rocker arms
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K1/00—Making machine elements
- B21K1/20—Making machine elements valve parts
- B21K1/24—Making machine elements valve parts valve bodies; valve seats
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/10—Handling in a vacuum
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0068—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for particular articles not mentioned below
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D17/00—Regulating or controlling by varying flow
- F01D17/10—Final actuators
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
Abstract
A kind of supercritical turbine disclosed by the invention preparation method of FB2 valve forging, it comprises the following steps：(1) melting step；(2) forge step；(3) valve forging heat treatment step；(4) machining steps；(5) heat treatment step.The invention also discloses adopting valve forging prepared by the preparation method of FB2 valve forging for the above-mentioned supercritical turbine.Present invention operation is reasonable, contain effective boron, and forging quenching degree is up to standard, final forging grain size >=3 grade, it is to avoid the preparation method of 625 DEG C of supercritical turbine FB2 valve forging and the FB2 valve forging of Y type crackle in forging center.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of heat resisting temperature uses FB2 in 625 DEG C of million kilowatt ultra supercritical unit steam turbine
The manufacture method of valve forging (valve seat, valve disc, valve rod, ring) and valve forging.
Background technology
CO2Discharging the environmental problem that causes is increasingly that the whole world is of interest, development and be current using super-supercritical technique
Various countries reduce CO2One important, effective measure of discharge.General layout based on coal for China's primary energy is long
Will not change in time, environmental protection has become China's development and the new motive force using supercritical unit.Running
Or the design and construction stage super (super-) critical unit temperature parameter mostly at 566～600 DEG C, pressure be then divided into 25MPa,
27MPa and tri- ranks of 30～31MPa.Design, manufacture reheat steam temperature are 625 DEG C of supercritical turbine group, higher
Steam parameter harsher requirement is proposed to power station steel.Only obtain the suitable material with enough creep strengths,
Just enable efficiency to increase.
Due to creep strength, good non-oxidizability and processing performance when 9%～10%Cr steel has sufficiently high long, its
Range of application has covered the vitals in 600 DEG C of supercritical turbine groups.Bring up to 625 DEG C with reheat steam temperature,
Material composition, technique, tissue and performance must be optimized further on the basis of existing 9%～10%Cr steel.Valve forging is made
For the core component of Steam Turbine, its developing material and performance study are necessarily of greatest concern.
Europe is all in COST (European with regard to the research and development of 600 DEG C and 625 DEG C Steam Turbine Rotor Materials
Cooperation in Science and Technology) complete in framework.After 600 DEG C of ferritic steels are succeeded in developing, Europe
Continent implements COST522 project (1998～2003).Through the stress-rupture tester of ＞ 35000h, filter out rotor steel COST-
FB2.The basis of COST-FB2 steel is the rotor steel containing B of COST501 (1986～1997).
COST522 project stablizes the tempered martensite of high Cr heat resisting steel by adding a small amount of B.Develop and become
9Cr-1.5Mo-1Co-0.01B heat-resisting steel material, be named as FB2, domestic referred to as 13Cr9Mo2Co1NiVNbB.This material leads to
Cross reduction Mn content, increase Co content, and control B/N ratio, further increase long service intensity, meet 625 DEG C of rank vapour
The requirement of wheel unit.
Because FB2 high temperature alloy forging manufacturing technology belongs to international most advanced level it is desirable to high, complex process, material
Can be special, including：
1. by method of smelting EAF (electric arc furnace)+LF (external refining)+VD (vacuum outgass)+ESR (electroslag remelting) melt
Refining steel containing B can produce with the insoluble boron of acid (invalid boron) of B/N form presence and can improve heat treatment quenching degree and be mainly matrix
In boron, segregation boron (super saturated solid solution boron, generally on crystal boundary) and M23[B2、C]6In the molten boron of acid (effective boron) work,
The presence of invalid boron can not improve the quenching degree (FB2 requires the forging energy through hardening of nominal thickness≤1.2 meter) of boron-containing steel；Exist simultaneously
In forging performance heat treatment temperature-rise period, B/N is first dissolved in austenite, if Al/N or Ti/N quantity in the fusion process of steel
Seldom, forging Austenite Grain Growth will be unobstructed, and forging final grain size highest only has 2 grades, do not meet procurement criteria and
Actual operation requirements (grain size requires >=3 grades).Afterwards through lot of experiments find FB2 boron-containing steel melting mode is had special will
Ask, foreign side does not refer to this particular/special requirement when China is using COST standard.
2. produce center Y type crackle when being and preventing steel forging containing 9%-10%Cr from making, the first fire time forging deformation amount need to be controlled
Less than 10%；For ensureing final grain size >=3 grade of forging, need last fiery initial forging temperature≤1100 DEG C during controlled forge process
With final forging temperature >=950 DEG C, and FB2 anti-deforming intensity is 3-4 times of common martensitic stain less steel, so need to be in forging temperature
Ensure last fiery deflection 25%-30% in the case of degree scope minimum (100 DEG C -150 DEG C).
3., because FB2 forging mechanical property, metallographic structure, flaw detection have high demands, it is precise control in-furnace temperature in heat treatment,
2-3 point (temperature highest and lowest part) need to be chosen on forging surface and paste thermocouple.Heat treatment after forging, forging is cooled to surface temperature
≤ 100 DEG C can be entered furnace annealing, and forging surface is cooled to≤250 DEG C of air coolings of can coming out of the stove；Property heat treatment need to adopt double tempering,
Increase pre- tempering process together, oil cooling after forging quenching is cooled to surface≤60 DEG C, can enter stove and carry out first being tempered in advance.
4. make percent defective high, because above key problem in technology point is not grasped completely by Chinese Enterprises, lead to FB2 forging to produce and contain
Invalid boron, coarse grains, forging center Y type crackle, quenching degree is not up to standard, the technological deficiency such as mechanical performance is unqualified.
This manufacturing technology is monopolized by offshore company always, can only rely on external import, has had a strong impact on the high-end vapour of China
The development of turbine industry and the process walking production domesticization, the present invention works out for 625 DEG C of supercritical turbine valve FB2 forging
A kind of manufacture method.
Content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention be exactly provide to overcome the defect that above-mentioned prior art exists a kind of operation rationally, contain
Effect boron, forging quenching degree is up to standard, final forging grain size >=3 grade, it is to avoid forging center occurs 625 DEG C of Y type crackle and super faces
Boundary's steam turbine is with the preparation method of FB2 valve forging and FB2 valve forging.
The object of the invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions：
A kind of supercritical turbine preparation method of FB2 valve forging is it is characterised in that the method includes following step
Suddenly：
(1) melting step：
This step is using successively using arc melting step, external refining step by 13Cr9Mo2Co1NiVNbB steel ingot
Suddenly, electroslag remelting step makes valve forge piece blank reheating；Wherein arc melting step is as follows：
1) dispensing：Sorting S, P≤0.030% high-quality steel scrap and pure Cr, Mo, Co, N, V, Nb, B alloy material；
2) melting stage：
It is initially charged 1～2%FeO (iron ore), furnace bottom grate-layer material made by 2% Calx before blow-on；
Fusing latter stage and oxidation initial stage：Add 20～25%FeO (iron ore), 1540～1560 DEG C of molten steel temperature, basicity
2～3, P is made to take off to≤0.0004%；
3) heat of oxidation：De- C amount >=0.40%；
4) reduction period：P≤0.0005%, S≤0.0005%, C：0.80～1.0%, Si≤0.30, Mn：0.30～
0.45；Cr：11.00～11.50；Mo：1.40～1.60；Ni：0.10～0.20；Co：1.10～1.30；V：0.15～0.25；
Nb：0.040～0.060；B：80～110ppm；Cu≤0.15；As≤0.020；Sb≤0.0015；Sn≤0.015；A1≤
0.010；
Described external refining step is as follows：
1) the VOD stage：Vacuum 80～120mbar, oxygen blast speed 550m3/ h, Ar flow 5m3/ h, pumpdown time 1～
2h, C：0.18～0.20%；
2) the VCD stage：Vacuum≤2mbar, pumpdown time 12～15min, Ar flow 5m3/ h, adds 1～2Kg/
TCa, makes C：0.13～0.15%, and adjust the other alloying components of detection to specifying requirement (except N)；
3) the VD stage：Vacuum≤1mbar, pumpdown time 2～25min, adjust N to 0.015 after tapping in ladle
～0.030%, 0≤35ppm, H≤1.5ppm；
In made FB2 valve forge piece blank reheating, the amount of nitrides of the oxide of boron or boron should be less than 80ppm, and Ti contains
Measure 15 times for B content or Ti:The mass ratio of N is 3.4～4；
(2) forge step：
Valve forge piece blank reheating prepared by step (1) carries out forging and makes valve forging, controls the first fire in forging
Forging deformation amount is less than 10%；Last fiery initial forging temperature≤1100 DEG C and final forging temperature >=950 DEG C, and ensure last
Fiery deflection 25%-30%；
(3) valve forging heat treatment step
The valve forging of step (2) is first buried sand be cooled to behind surface temperature≤100 DEG C, enter furnace annealing, stove is cooled to≤250
DEG C come out of the stove air cooling；
(4) machining steps
Valve forging process to given size after step (3) is tempered obtains valve machining blank；
(5) heat treatment step：
The valve machining blank of step (3) is carried out heat treatment, valve machining blank heat-treatment quenching temperature is
1100 ± 10 DEG C, during quenching, the valve forging for heavy in section simple shape to substitute oil quenching using water quenching and oil-cooling, can improve and quench
Permeability；During tempering, using double tempering, oil cooling after the quenching of valve forging is cooled to surface≤60 DEG C, can enter stove and carry out first
Pre- tempering.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, in described step (2), the valve rod forging more than 1500mm for the length is
Finishing section is wrapped up with refractory wool and is carried out local heating into stove.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, in described step (1), 0.1% Ti need to when B removes the limit, be added.
The valve forging of the present invention is prepared from using said method.
Described valve forging includes valve seat forging, valve disc forging, valve rod forging or ring forging.
The 13Cr9Mo2Co1NiVNbB that the present invention uses belongs to boron-containing steel, stablizes high Cr by a small amount of boron of interpolation heat-resisting
Steel belt roof bolt martensitic structure, but the addition of boron can be roughened autstenitic grain size simultaneously, is embodied in：Boron improves Austria of steel
Family name's body temperature, in steel, the B and N of a part forms B/N, and in property heat treatment temperature-rise period, B/N is first dissolved in austenite,
If seldom, Austenite Grain Growth will be unobstructed for Al/N or Ti/N quantity in steel, improve austenitizing temperature austenite crystal
Particle size growth can become apparent from.And the boron phase being existed with B/N form belongs to sour insoluble boron (invalid boron), it is possible to increase heat treatment is quenched
Boron in permeability mainly matrix, segregation boron (super saturated solid solution boron, generally on crystal boundary) and M23[B2、C]6In the molten boron of acid
(effective boron) works.For avoiding the appearance of B/N, there are following two kinds of methods：
First method：Boron has very strong affinity with oxygen, nitrogen and carbon it is easy to generate corresponding compound, such as boron
React generation B with oxygen2O3, react generation B/N with nitrogen, ferrum boron-carbide Fe can be formed with carbon23[C、B]6With ferrum boron cementite Fe3
[C、B].So needing O and N content are controlled in FB2 refine, therefore smelting boron-containing steel needs in LF external refining
Accomplish in journey that nitrogen is determined in effective deoxidation, prevent from generating oxide and the nitride of boron, to improve the recovery rate (effective boron) of boron.I
Company's research be initially charged before finding to add ferro-boron or B-Si alloy in FB2 refining process the aluminum higher with oxygen, nitrogen adhesion,
The elements such as titanium, zirconium, usually first aluminum deoxidation, then plus titanium determine nitrogen, its purpose is to form Al/N and Ti/N in advance, these
Al/N and Ti/N particle one side can organize crystal grain to grow up with crystal grain thinning, and effective boron content on the other hand can be made to increase.
Second method：My company have studied the compound boron containing the multiple element such as boron and aluminum, titanium, zirconium, manganese, silicon simultaneously
The method of the disposable smelting boron-containing steel adding of ferroalloy.The trade mark of common compound ferro-boron has B-Ti-Zr-Al-Fe, B-
Si-Al-V-Ti-Zr-Fe, B-Mn-Si-Ti-Al-Fe, B-Si-Al-Ca-Ti-Al-Fe alloy.These yuan in complex ferroalloy
The effect of element, it is simply that combining with oxygen or nitrogen, prevents from forming the oxide of boron or the nitride of boron.
For making crystal grain refinement, make final grain size be narrower than 3 grades, need in smelting process using add compound ferro-boron or
Person plus boron before plus titanium determine the mode of nitrogen to control B/N.But determining nitrogen formation Ti/N with titanium in practical operation can make steel
Toughness, decrease of fatigue strength, and Ti/N is very stable, once just forming almost no longer change it is difficult to play balance, steady further
The effect of fixed sour molten Boron contents, the control of Ti amount of element in therefore FB2 is crucial it is necessary to consider rational B, Ti ratio.I am public
Department finds that in actual tests Ti element takes 15 times of B content, or Ti:N ratio need to reach 3.4～4, and guarantee B is completely solid
Molten.Such as FB2 steel, when B removes the limit, need to add 0.1% about Ti.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has advantages below to the present invention：
(1) steel ingot melting mode changes：By using ultramicroscope, microscopic metallographic structure is carried out with research to be found that no
The impact of effect boron final grain size and quenching degree to forging, the smelting technology of boron-containing steel of having upgraded, closed using adding compound ferro-boron
Gold or plus boron before plus titanium determine the mode of nitrogen to control B/N, and then determine rational B, Ti ratio and take B to contain for Ti element
15 times of amount, or Ti:N ratio need to reach 3.4～4, the complete solid solution of guarantee B.
(2) blank heating mode：Because 9%-10%Cr steel alloy non-deformability is strong, plasticity, poor thermal conductivity, to temperature
Require sensitive, often fail in forging processing unreasonable in the heating-up temperature for steel ingot blank and temperature retention time, now adopt
Two grades of insulation periods and optimal heating-up temperature and rational temperature retention time, decrease the inside and outside temperature difference of blank, solve by plus
Heat is unreasonable and scrapping of causing.
(3) forging method changes, and avoids forging center Y type crackle by the forging temperature and deflection controlling the first fire
Phenomenon, improves lumber recovery.Because the guarantee of the final mechanical performance of 9%-10%Cr steel alloy, grain size depends on forging end fire
Secondary deflection and heating-up temperature and time, at present mostly trial-production the such product of unit arrive finally do mechanical performance, grain size detect
Unqualified, or same part product one end is qualified and other end sampling is unqualified and cause to scrap.My company of this situation is adopted suitable
When reducing end fire temperature and temperature retention time, local heating and local are wrapped up with high temperature cotton and to be prevented from into stove heat method having forged
Portion crystal is grown up it is ensured that end fire time forging heating part has the deflection of 25-30%, the forging products qualification rate 98% obtaining
More than.
(4) heat treatment method changes：In forging rear annealing heat treatment and final performance heat treatment all by pasting thermoelectricity prescription with ingredients even in number
Method precise control forging surface temperature, simultaneously precise control enter stove and tapping temperature.Drop in COST standard card cage tolerance band
Low hardening heat, substitutes oil quenching for heavy in section simple structure part using water quenching and oil-cooling, increases pre- tempering process together.
Brief description
Fig. 1 is the valve seat forging process for fuel process chart of embodiment 1.
Fig. 2 is the valve seat forging structural representation of embodiment 1.
Fig. 3 is the valve seat forging Technology for Heating Processing flow chart of embodiment 1.
Fig. 4 is the machining schematic diagram of the valve seat forging of embodiment 1.
Fig. 5 is the valve seat forging heat treatment schematic diagram after the machining of embodiment 1.
Fig. 6 is that the valve seat forging finished product of embodiment 1 samples schematic diagram.
Fig. 7 is the valve disc forging process for fuel process chart of embodiment 2.
Fig. 8 is the valve disc forging structural representation of embodiment 2.
Fig. 9 is the valve disc forging Technology for Heating Processing flow chart of embodiment 2.
Figure 10 is the machining schematic diagram of the valve disc forging of embodiment 2.
Figure 11 is the valve disc forging heat treatment schematic diagram after the machining of embodiment 2.
Figure 12 is that the valve disc forging finished product of embodiment 2 samples schematic diagram.
Figure 13 is the A-A sectional view of Figure 12.
Figure 14 is the valve rod forging process for fuel process chart of embodiment 3.
Figure 15 is the valve rod forging structural representation of embodiment 3.
Figure 16 is the valve rod forging Technology for Heating Processing flow chart of embodiment 3.
Figure 17 is the machining schematic diagram of the valve rod forging of embodiment 3.
Figure 18 is the valve rod forging heat treatment schematic diagram after the machining of embodiment 3.
Figure 19 is that the valve rod forging finished product of embodiment 3 samples schematic diagram.
Figure 20 is the A-A sectional view of Figure 19.
Figure 21 is the ring forging forging technology flow chart of embodiment 4.
Figure 22 is the ring forging structural representation of embodiment 4.
Figure 23 is the ring forging Technology for Heating Processing flow chart of embodiment 4.
Figure 24 is the machining schematic diagram of the ring forging of embodiment 4.
Figure 25 is the valve seat forging heat treatment schematic diagram after the machining of embodiment 4.
Figure 26 is that the valve seat forging finished product of embodiment 4 samples schematic diagram.
Specific embodiment
With reference to specific embodiment, the present invention is described in detail
Embodiment 1
The preparation method of FB2 valve seat forging, specifically includes following steps：
(1) melting step：
This step is using successively using arc melting step, external refining step by 13Cr9Mo2Co1NiVNbB steel ingot
Suddenly, electroslag remelting step makes valve forge piece blank reheating；Wherein arc melting step is as follows：
1) dispensing：Sorting S, P≤0.030% high-quality steel scrap and pure Cr, Mo, Co, N, V, Nb, B alloy material；
2) melting stage：
It is initially charged 1～2%Feo (iron ore), furnace bottom grate-layer material made by 2% Calx before blow-on；
Fusing latter stage and oxidation initial stage：Add 20～25%Feo (iron ore), 1540～1560 DEG C of molten steel temperature, basicity
2～3, P is made to take off to≤0.0004%；
3) heat of oxidation：De- C amount >=0.40%；
4) reduction period：P≤0.0005%, S≤0.0005%, C：0.80～1.0%, Si≤0.30, Mn：0.30～
0.45；Cr：11.00～11.50；Mo：1.40～1.60；Ni：0.10～0.20；Co：1.10～1.30；V：0.15～0.25；
Nb：0.040～0.060；B：80～110ppm；Cu≤0.15；As≤0.020；Sb≤0.0015；Sn≤0.015；A1≤
0.010；
Described external refining step is as follows：
1) the VOD stage：Vacuum 80～120mbar, oxygen blast speed 550m3/ h, Ar flow 5m3/ h, pumpdown time 1～
2h, C：0.18～0.20%；
2) the VCD stage：Vacuum≤2mbar, pumpdown time 12～15min, Ar flow 5m3/ h, adds 1～2Kg/
TCa, makes C：0.13～0.15%, and adjust the other alloying components of detection to specifying requirement (except N)；
3) the VD stage：Vacuum≤1mbar, pumpdown time 2～25min, adjust N to 0.015 after tapping in ladle
～0.030%, 0≤35ppm, H≤1.5ppm；
In made FB2 valve forge piece blank reheating, the amount of nitrides of the oxide of boron or boron should be less than 80ppm, and Ti contains
Measure 15 times for B content or Ti:The mass ratio of N is 3.4～4；
(2) a diameter of Φ 750 electric slag refusion ingot blank is taken to be forged, blank technique as shown in Figure 1 carries out two grades of guarantors
Temperature heating, the first 1160 DEG C of initial forging temperature of fire time, deflection≤10%.
Cogging blanking 400 × 610mm, jumping-up is to 340mm height, round as a ball punching to Φ 200mm.End fire time retains 25%-
30% deflection, punching rod reaming, finishing size shown in Fig. 2 for the forging.
Total forging ratio 6.2, non-pole forging carries out local heating it is not necessary to heat-preservation cotton is wrapped up into stove.
(3) after forging, blank first buries after sand is cooled to surface temperature≤100 DEG C, and tempering process as shown in Figure 3 enters furnace annealing,
Stove is cooled to≤250 DEG C of air coolings of coming out of the stove.
(4) blank after annealing is machined out by Fig. 4, and does ultrasonic examination inspection, scanning scope according to
The regulation of EN10228-3 table 3, according to forging geometry, applicable inspect-type presses annular class or tubular class part 3b and 3c,
Forging ultrasonic inspection judges that grade should meet the credit rating 3 in EN10228-3 table 3, and Bottom echo loss answers≤4dB, very
Real reflection body length answers≤10mm.After machining valve seat forging 10 its one end end face retain 30mm sample layer
11.
(5) Technology for Heating Processing：This technique includes quenching, pre- tempering, is tempered three steps, referring specifically to Fig. 5
Quenching Treatment：Forging is heated to 1090 DEG C, is incubated 120 minutes, then oil quenching is to 60 DEG C, forging come out of the stove oil quenching when
Should be well separated, must not there is stacking phenomenon.
Pre- temper：Forging is heated to 580 DEG C, is incubated 240 minutes, is then air cooled to room temperature.
Temper：Forging is heated to 700 DEG C, is incubated 360 minutes, being then air cooled to room temperature can be when finished product forging
Part, by the finished product obtaining forging as shown in Figure 6, sampling on sample layer 11 carries out chemical composition, metallographic structure and mechanical performance
Detection, obtains qualified product, the results are shown in Table 1, table 2, table 3 and table 4.When wherein sampling, impact test block 11a takes three pieces, room temperature
Tensile sample 11b takes one piece, and chemical composition, metallographic test block 11c take one piece, and drawing by high temperature sample 11d takes one piece, and high-temperature and durable tries
Excellent 11e takes one piece.
Table 1 chemical component table
Table 2 normal temperature mechanical property table
Table 3 high-temperature instantaneous mechanical performance table
Table 4 high-temperature and durable mechanical performance table
Metal lographic examination
(1) microstructure of forging uniformly must must not have shrinkage cavity, bubble, folding, crackle and serious segregation.
(2) mean grain size of forging should not be coarser than 3.0 grades, is less than 2 grades with the deviation of mean grain size.
(3) δ-ferrite content of forging should be less than 5%, and domain for assessment should be worst visual field, sees under amplifying 100 times
Examine.
(4) the ABCD tetra- type field trash of forging is all not to be exceeded 3.0 grades.
Embodiment 2
The preparation method of FB2 valve disc forging, specifically includes following steps：
(1) melting step：
This step is using successively using arc melting step, external refining step by 13Cr9Mo2Co1NiVNbB steel ingot
Suddenly, electroslag remelting step makes valve forge piece blank reheating；Wherein arc melting step is as follows：
1) dispensing：Sorting S, P≤0.030% high-quality steel scrap and pure Cr, Mo, Co, N, V, Nb, B alloy material；
2) melting stage：
It is initially charged 1～2%Feo (iron ore), furnace bottom grate-layer material made by 2% Calx before blow-on；
Fusing latter stage and oxidation initial stage：Add 20～25%Feo (iron ore), 1540～1560 DEG C of molten steel temperature, basicity
2～3, P is made to take off to≤0.0004%；
3) heat of oxidation：De- C amount >=0.40%；
4) reduction period：P≤0.0005%, S≤0.0005%, C：0.80～1.0%, Si≤0.30, Mn：0.30～
0.45；Cr：11.00～11.50；Mo：1.40～1.60；Ni：0.10～0.20；Co：1.10～1.30；V：0.15～0.25；
Nb：0.040～0.060；B：80～110ppm；Cu≤0.15；As≤0.020；Sb≤0.0015；Sn≤0.015；A1≤
0.010；
Described external refining step is as follows：
1) the VOD stage：Vacuum 80～120mbar, oxygen blast speed 550m3/ h, Ar flow 5m3/ h, pumpdown time 1～
2h, C：0.18～0.20%；
2) the VCD stage：Vacuum≤2mbar, pumpdown time 12～15min, Ar flow 5m3/ h, adds 1～2Kg/
TCa, makes C：0.13～0.15%, and adjust the other alloying components of detection to specifying requirement (except N)；
3) the VD stage：Vacuum≤1mbar, pumpdown time 2～25min, adjust N to 0.015 after tapping in ladle
～0.030%, 0≤35ppm, H≤1.5ppm；
In made FB2 valve forge piece blank reheating, the amount of nitrides of the oxide of boron or boron should be less than 80ppm, and Ti contains
Measure 15 times for B content or Ti:The mass ratio of N is 3.4～4；
(2) a diameter of Φ 750 electric slag refusion ingot blank is taken to be forged, blank forging technology as shown in Figure 7 carries out two
Level Heat preservation, the first 1160 DEG C of initial forging temperature of fire time, deflection≤10%.
Cogging blanking 450 × 818mm, jumping-up, to 500mm height, pulls out to Φ 400 × 1315mm progressive die heading.End fire
Retain 25%-30% deflection, depanning is round as a ball to receive positive major part, and progressive die is trimmed to Fig. 8 illustrated dimension.Using M37# mould.
Total forging ratio 6.5, non-pole forging carries out local heating it is not necessary to heat-preservation cotton is wrapped up into stove.
(3) after forging, blank first buries after sand is cooled to surface temperature≤100 DEG C, and Technology for Heating Processing as shown in Figure 9 is entered stove and moved back
Fire, stove is cooled to≤250 DEG C of air coolings of coming out of the stove.
(4) size as shown in Figure 10 of the blank after annealing is machined out, and does ultrasonic examination inspection, scanning scope
According to the regulation of EN10228-3 table 3, according to forging geometry, applicable inspect-type presses annular class or tubular class part 3b
And 3c, forging ultrasonic inspection judges that grade should meet the credit rating 3 in EN10228-3 table 3, Bottom echo loss should≤
4dB, real reflection body length answers≤10mm.
(5) Technology for Heating Processing：Carry out heat treatment according to the Technology for Heating Processing shown in Figure 11, this technique includes quenching, pre- time
Fire, is tempered three steps.
Quenching Treatment：Forging is heated to 1090 DEG C, is incubated 240 minutes, then oil quenching is to 60 DEG C, forging come out of the stove oil quenching when
Should be well separated, must not there is stacking phenomenon.
Pre- temper：Forging is heated to 580 DEG C, is incubated 480 minutes, is then air cooled to room temperature.
Temper：Forging is heated to 700 DEG C, is incubated 720 minutes, being then air cooled to room temperature can be when finished product forging
Part, the finished product obtaining forging is sampled by Figure 12 and Figure 13 and carries out chemical composition, metallographic structure and machine according to the method for embodiment 1
Tool performance detection, obtains qualified product.The dotted line being first according to during sampling in Figure 12 is processed, then according to Figure 13 takes out
21 3 pieces of test block of impact, 22 1 pieces of chemical composition, metallographic test block, 23 1 pieces of room temperature tensile coupon, 24 1 pieces of drawing by high temperature coupon,
25 1 pieces of high-temperature and durable coupon.
Embodiment 3
The preparation method of FB2 valve rod forging, specifically includes following steps：
(1) melting step：
This step is using successively using arc melting step, external refining step by 13Cr9Mo2Co1NiVNbB steel ingot
Suddenly, vacuum outgass step, electroslag remelting step make valve forge piece blank reheating；Wherein arc melting step is as follows：
1) dispensing：Sorting S, P≤0.030% high-quality steel scrap and pure Cr, Mo, Co, N, V, Nb, B alloy material；
2) melting stage：
It is initially charged 1～2%Feo (iron ore), furnace bottom grate-layer material made by 2% Calx before blow-on；
Fusing latter stage and oxidation initial stage：Add 20～25%Feo (iron ore), 1540～1560 DEG C of molten steel temperature, basicity
2～3, P is made to take off to≤0.0004%；
3) heat of oxidation：De- C amount >=0.40%；
4) reduction period：P≤0.0005%, S≤0.0005%, C：0.80～1.0%, Si≤0.30, Mn：0.30～
0.45；Cr：11.00～11.50；Mo：1.40～1.60；Ni：0.10～0.20；Co：1.10～1.30；V：0.15～0.25；
Nb：0.040～0.060；B：80～110ppm；Cu≤0.15；As≤0.020；Sb≤0.0015；Sn≤0.015；A1≤
0.010；
Described external refining step is as follows：
1) the VOD stage：Vacuum 80～120mbar, oxygen blast speed 550m3/ h, Ar flow 5m3/ h, pumpdown time 1～
2h, C：0.18～0.20%；
2) the VCD stage：Vacuum≤2mbar, pumpdown time 12～15min, Ar flow 5m3/ h, adds 1～2Kg/
TCa, makes C：0.13～0.15%, and adjust the other alloying components of detection to specifying requirement (except N)；
3) the VD stage：Vacuum≤1mbar, pumpdown time 2～25min, adjust N to 0.015 after tapping in ladle
～0.030%, 0≤35ppm, H≤1.5ppm；
In made FB2 valve forge piece blank reheating, the amount of nitrides of the oxide of boron or boron should be less than 80ppm, and Ti contains
Measure 15 times for B content or Ti:The mass ratio of N is 3.4～4；
(2) a diameter of Φ 750 electric slag refusion ingot blank is taken to be forged, forging technology as shown in Figure 14 for the blank carries out two
Level Heat preservation, the first 1160 DEG C of initial forging temperature of fire time, deflection≤10%.
Cogging blanking 250 × 508mm, at the beginning of blank, forging V-type anvil touches surface, so that the variation of blank internal crystal framework is melted down and adds
Thermal reduction, forging opened by the second fire can be using the forging method of the second light industry bureau one weight.End fire time retains 25% deflection, and pulling forging is to Figure 15 institute
Show size, after one end molding of valve rod forging, using heat-preservation cotton, this end is wrapped before entering stove heat.Total forging ratio 26.8.
(3) after forging, blank first buries after sand is cooled to surface temperature≤100 DEG C, and the Technology for Heating Processing as shown in Figure 16 is entered stove and moved back
Fire, stove is cooled to≤250 DEG C of air coolings of coming out of the stove.
(4) blank after annealing is machined out by Figure 17 illustrated dimension, and does ultrasonic examination inspection, and scanning scope is pressed
According to the regulation of EN10228-3 table 3, according to forging geometry, applicable inspect-type presses excellent class part 1 type, forging ultrasound wave
Test and judge grade should meet the credit rating 3 in EN10228-3 table 3, and≤4dB, real reflector are answered in Bottom echo loss
Length answers≤10mm.
(5) Technology for Heating Processing：Carry out heat treatment according to the Technology for Heating Processing shown in Figure 18, this Technology for Heating Processing includes quenching
Fire, pre- tempering, it is tempered three steps
Quenching Treatment：Forging is heated to 1090 DEG C, is incubated 120 minutes, then oil quenching is to 60 DEG C, forging come out of the stove oil quenching when
Should be well separated, must not there is stacking phenomenon.
Pre- temper：Forging is heated to 580 DEG C, is incubated 240 minutes, is then air cooled to room temperature.
Temper：Forging is heated to 700 DEG C, is incubated 360 minutes, being then air cooled to room temperature can be when finished product forging
Part, the finished product obtaining forging is carried out chemical composition, metallographic structure and mechanical performance detection by Figure 19 and Figure 20 sampling, is closed
The product of lattice.Sampling method is：Impact test block 21 3 is taken out on the sample section 31 of FB2 valve rod forging 30 one end having machined
Block 31a, chemical composition, mono- piece of metallographic test block 31b, mono- piece of room temperature tensile coupon 31c, mono- piece of drawing by high temperature coupon 31d, high temperature is held
Mono- piece of coupon 31e long.
Embodiment 4
The preparation method of FB2 ring forging, specifically includes following steps：
(1) melting step：
This step is using successively using arc melting step, external refining step by 13Cr9Mo2Co1NiVNbB steel ingot
Suddenly, electroslag remelting step makes valve forge piece blank reheating；Wherein arc melting step is as follows：
1) dispensing：Sorting S, P≤0.030% high-quality steel scrap and pure Cr, Mo, Co, N, V, Nb, B alloy material；
2) melting stage：
It is initially charged 1～2%Feo (iron ore), furnace bottom grate-layer material made by 2% Calx before blow-on；
Fusing latter stage and oxidation initial stage：Add 20～25%Feo (iron ore), 1540～1560 DEG C of molten steel temperature, basicity
2～3, P is made to take off to≤0.0004%；
3) heat of oxidation：De- C amount >=0.40%；
4) reduction period：P≤0.0005%, S≤0.0005%, C：0.80～1.0%, Si≤0.30, Mn：0.30～
0.45；Cr：11.00～11.50；Mo：1.40～1.60；Ni：0.10～0.20；Co：1.10～1.30；V：0.15～0.25；
Nb：0.040～0.060；B：80～110ppm；Cu≤0.15；As≤0.020；Sb≤0.0015；Sn≤0.015；A1≤
0.010；
Described external refining step is as follows：
1) the VOD stage：Vacuum 80～120mbar, oxygen blast speed 550m3/ h, Ar flow 5m3/ h, pumpdown time 1～
2h, C：0.18～0.20%；
2) the VCD stage：Vacuum≤2mbar, pumpdown time 12～15min, Ar flow 5m3/ h, adds 1～2Kg/
TCa, makes C：0.13～0.15%, and adjust the other alloying components of detection to specifying requirement (except N)；
3) the VD stage：Vacuum≤1mbar, pumpdown time 2～25min, adjust N to 0.015 after tapping in ladle
～0.030%, 0≤35ppm, H≤1.5ppm；
In made FB2 valve forge piece blank reheating, the amount of nitrides of the oxide of boron or boron should be less than 80ppm, and Ti contains
Measure 15 times for B content or Ti:The mass ratio of N is 3.4～4；
(2) a diameter of Φ 750 electric slag refusion ingot blank is taken to be forged, forging technology as shown in Figure 21 for the blank carries out two
Level Heat preservation, the first 1160 DEG C of initial forging temperature of fire time, deflection≤10%.
Cogging blanking 350 × 434mm, jumping-up is to 160mm height, round as a ball punching to Φ 200mm.End fire time retains 25-
30% deflection, punching rod reaming, finishing forging is to Figure 22 illustrated dimension.Total forging ratio 7.8, non-pole forging is it is not necessary to protect
Warm cotton is wrapped up and carries out local heating into stove.
(3) after forging, blank first buries after sand is cooled to surface temperature≤100 DEG C, and the Technology for Heating Processing as shown in Figure 23 is entered stove and moved back
Fire, stove is cooled to≤250 DEG C of air coolings of coming out of the stove.
(4) blank after annealing is machined out by Figure 24 illustrated dimension, and does ultrasonic examination inspection, and scanning scope is pressed
According to the regulation of EN10228-3 table 3, according to forging geometry, applicable inspect-type press annular class or tubular class part 3b and
3c, forging ultrasonic inspection judges that grade should meet the credit rating 3 in EN10228-3 table 3, and≤4dB is answered in Bottom echo loss,
Real reflection body length answers≤10mm.The sample layer 41 of the end face reservation 30mm in its one end for the ring forging 40 after machining.
(5) Technology for Heating Processing：Carry out heat treatment according to the Technology for Heating Processing shown in Figure 25, this Technology for Heating Processing includes quenching
Fire, pre- tempering, it is tempered three steps.
Quenching Treatment：Forging is heated to 1090 DEG C, is incubated 70 minutes, then oil quenching is to 60 DEG C, forging come out of the stove oil quenching when
Should be well separated, must not there is stacking phenomenon.
Pre- temper：Forging is heated to 580 DEG C, is incubated 240 minutes, is then air cooled to room temperature.Temper：To forge
Part is heated to 700 DEG C, is incubated 210 minutes, is then air cooled to room temperature and can wait until finished product forging, by the finished product obtaining forging by figure
Sampling shown in 26 carries out chemical composition, metallographic structure and mechanical performance detection, obtains qualified product.When wherein sampling, impact
Test block 41a takes three pieces, and room temperature tensile sample 41b takes one piece, and chemical composition, metallographic test block 41c take one piece, drawing by high temperature sample
41d takes one piece, and high-temperature and durable coupon 41e takes one piece.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of supercritical turbine preparation method of FB2 valve forging is it is characterised in that the method includes following step
Suddenly：
(1) melting step：
This step is using successively using arc melting step, external refining step, electricity by 13Cr9Mo2Co1NiVNbB steel ingot
Slag reflow step makes valve forge piece blank reheating；Wherein arc melting step is as follows：
1) dispensing：Sorting S, P≤0.030% high-quality steel scrap and pure Cr, Mo, Co, N, V, Nb, B alloy material；
2) melting stage：
It is initially charged 1～2%Feo (iron ore), furnace bottom grate-layer material made by 2% Calx before blow-on；
Fusing latter stage and oxidation initial stage：Add 20～25%Feo (iron ore), 1540～1560 DEG C of molten steel temperature, basicity 2～
3, so that P is taken off to≤0.0004%；
3) heat of oxidation：De- C amount >=0.40%；
4) reduction period：P≤0.0005%, S≤0.0005%, C：0.80～1.0%, Si≤0.30, Mn：0.30～0.45；Cr：
11.00～11.50；Mo：1.40～1.60；Ni：0.10～0.20；Co：1.10～1.30；V：0.15～0.25；Nb：0.040
～0.060；B：80～110ppm；Cu≤0.15；As≤0.020；Sb≤0.0015；Sn≤0.015；A1≤0.010；
Described external refining step is as follows：
1) the VOD stage：Vacuum 80～120mbar, oxygen blast speed 550m3/h, Ar flow 5m3/h, pumpdown time 1～2h,
C：0.18～0.20%；
2) the VCD stage：Vacuum≤2mbar, pumpdown time 12～15min, Ar flow 5m3/h, add 1～2Kg/tCa, make
C：0.13～0.15%, and adjust the other alloying components of detection to specifying requirement (except N)；
3) the VD stage：Vacuum≤1mbar, pumpdown time 2～25min, after tapping in ladle adjustment N to 0.015～
0.030%, 0≤35ppm, H≤1.5ppm；
In made FB2 valve forge piece blank reheating, the amount of nitrides of the oxide of boron or boron should be less than 80ppm, and the content of Ti is
15 times of B content or Ti:The mass ratio of N is 3.4～4；
(2) forge step：
Valve forge piece blank reheating prepared by step (1) carries out forging and makes valve forging, controls the first fire time forging in forging
Deflection is less than 10%；Last fiery initial forging temperature≤1100 DEG C and final forging temperature >=950 DEG C, and ensure that last fire becomes
Shape amount 25%-30%；
(3) valve forging heat treatment step
The valve forging of step (2) is first buried sand be cooled to behind surface temperature≤100 DEG C, enters furnace annealing, stove is cooled to≤250 DEG C go out
Stove air cooling；
(4) machining steps
Valve forging process to given size after step (3) is tempered obtains valve machining blank；
(5) heat treatment step：
The valve of step (3) machining blank is carried out heat treatment, valve machining blank heat-treatment quenching temperature is 1100 ±
10 DEG C, during quenching, the valve forging for heavy in section simple shape to substitute oil quenching using water quenching and oil-cooling, can improve quenching degree；Return
When fiery, using double tempering, oil cooling after the quenching of valve forging is cooled to surface≤60 DEG C, can enter stove and carry out first being tempered in advance.
2. as claimed in claim 1 a kind of supercritical turbine with the preparation method of FB2 valve forging it is characterised in that
In described step (2), the valve rod forging finishing section more than 1500mm for the length is wrapped up with refractory wool and is carried out local into stove
Heating.
3. as claimed in claim 1 a kind of supercritical turbine with the preparation method of FB2 valve forging it is characterised in that
In described step (1), 0.1% Ti when B removes the limit, need to be added.
4. valve forging, is characterized in that using a kind of supercritical turbine described in claims 1 to 3 any one claim
It is prepared from the preparation method of FB2 valve forging.
5. the described valve forging described in claim 4 it is characterised in that include valve seat forging, valve disc forging, valve rod forging or
Ring forging.
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110004301A (en) * | 2019-04-26 | 2019-07-12 | 辽宁辽重新材有限公司 | A kind of Large Ultra-Supercritical rotor steel FB2 electroslag production technology |
| CN110093582A (en) * | 2019-05-14 | 2019-08-06 | 东北大学 | A method of gas nitriding smelts COST-FB2 steel under condition of negative pressure |
| CN111270125A (en) * | 2019-12-14 | 2020-06-12 | 张家港广大特材股份有限公司 | Melting control method for boron element content of heat-resistant steel ingot for steam turbine |
| CN111411201A (en) * | 2020-04-07 | 2020-07-14 | 哈尔滨汽轮机厂有限责任公司 | Heat treatment process for refining FB2 rotor steel grains |
| CN111809101A (en) * | 2020-06-10 | 2020-10-23 | 益阳紫荆福利铸业有限公司 | Smelting device and process of alloy steel casting for ultra-supercritical steam turbine |
| CN112008031A (en) * | 2020-08-25 | 2020-12-01 | 无锡继平锻造有限公司 | Forging and heat treatment process of valve body for shale gas exploitation |
| CN113059103A (en) * | 2021-03-22 | 2021-07-02 | 无锡宏达重工股份有限公司 | Stainless steel pump body forging forming process |
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Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110004301A (en) * | 2019-04-26 | 2019-07-12 | 辽宁辽重新材有限公司 | A kind of Large Ultra-Supercritical rotor steel FB2 electroslag production technology |
| CN110004301B (en) * | 2019-04-26 | 2021-04-16 | 辽宁辽重新材有限公司 | FB2 electroslag production process for large ultra-supercritical rotor steel |
| CN110093582A (en) * | 2019-05-14 | 2019-08-06 | 东北大学 | A method of gas nitriding smelts COST-FB2 steel under condition of negative pressure |
| CN110093582B (en) * | 2019-05-14 | 2020-05-01 | 东北大学 | Method for smelting COST-FB2 steel by gas phase nitriding under negative pressure condition |
| CN111270125A (en) * | 2019-12-14 | 2020-06-12 | 张家港广大特材股份有限公司 | Melting control method for boron element content of heat-resistant steel ingot for steam turbine |
| CN111270125B (en) * | 2019-12-14 | 2022-01-04 | 张家港广大特材股份有限公司 | Melting control method for boron element content of heat-resistant steel ingot for steam turbine |
| CN111411201A (en) * | 2020-04-07 | 2020-07-14 | 哈尔滨汽轮机厂有限责任公司 | Heat treatment process for refining FB2 rotor steel grains |
| CN111809101A (en) * | 2020-06-10 | 2020-10-23 | 益阳紫荆福利铸业有限公司 | Smelting device and process of alloy steel casting for ultra-supercritical steam turbine |
| CN112008031A (en) * | 2020-08-25 | 2020-12-01 | 无锡继平锻造有限公司 | Forging and heat treatment process of valve body for shale gas exploitation |
| CN112008031B (en) * | 2020-08-25 | 2023-06-16 | 无锡继平新材料科技有限公司 | Forging and heat treatment process of valve body for shale gas exploitation |
| CN113059103A (en) * | 2021-03-22 | 2021-07-02 | 无锡宏达重工股份有限公司 | Stainless steel pump body forging forming process |
| CN113059103B (en) * | 2021-03-22 | 2022-06-28 | 无锡宏达重工股份有限公司 | Forming process of stainless steel pump body forge piece |
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