CN106476356A - 一种麻纤维增强聚氨酯复合板及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种麻纤维增强聚氨酯复合板及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN106476356A
CN106476356A CN201611143580.5A CN201611143580A CN106476356A CN 106476356 A CN106476356 A CN 106476356A CN 201611143580 A CN201611143580 A CN 201611143580A CN 106476356 A CN106476356 A CN 106476356A
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flaxen fiber
polyurethane
fiber
rigid foam
flaxen
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刘雪强
蒋剡
李志刚
潘国立
于化峰
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CHANGCHUN BOCHAO AUTO ACCESSORIES Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种麻纤维增强复合板及其制备方法，属于汽车材料设计制造领域。所述复合板为两层面板层夹芯层的结构，所述芯层由作为骨架的开松麻纤维和填充骨架空隙的发泡聚氨酯构成。制备方法为先在面板层上铺设精开松的麻纤维毡，然后在麻纤维毡上喷淋聚氨酯,再在上面铺设一层面板层，然后经加热定型和冷却得到产品。本发明制得的麻纤维增强多层结构复合板具有环保性能好、质量轻、刚度强度高、吸能性能好、用途广泛。可广泛应用于汽车、轨道车辆、航空航天、建筑、装饰、包装等领域，具有良好的应用前景，是一种轻质多功能环保型麻纤维复合材料。

Description

一种麻纤维增强聚氨酯复合板及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于汽车材料设计制造领域。
背景技术
随着社会的进步，人们对环保、节能节材等需求不断提高，对汽车及汽车内饰件材料的要求也越来越高，市场竞争激烈。轻量化是汽车发展的趋势，因此轻量化材料在汽车上的应用也将越来越普遍。麻纤维作为有机质材料，具有良好的性能，且绿色环保。现在常见的麻纤维复合板都是采用面板间直接加填充材料组成。此类的麻纤维复合板，在力学性能上不具有足够的刚度和强度。
发明内容
针对现有的麻纤维复合板力学性能不足的问题，本发明提出在双层面板之间增加一种麻纤维增强聚氨酯作为中间层，来实现一个新型的麻纤维增强聚氨酯复合板。
本发明中的麻纤维增强聚氨酯复合板采用由两层面板和两面板间的中间夹层构成，其中面板为麻纤维复合板、麻纤维复合毡、碳纤维复合板、芳纶纤维复合板、玄武岩纤维复合板，以及玻璃纤维复合板中的1～2种，中间夹层由由作为骨架的开松麻纤维和填充骨架空隙的发泡聚氨酯构成；所述聚氨酯为硬质聚氨酯发泡材料；开松麻纤维优选经过精开松的80～100mm麻纤维。
开松麻纤维为经过精开松处理的麻纤维；麻纤维复合板和麻纤维复合毡优选由质量比为40％的汉麻纤维比60％的改性聚丙烯纤维复合而成的纤维复合材料板或复合毡。
麻纤维增强聚氨酯复合板的制备方法，具体步骤如下：
步骤一、先在麻纤维复合板上铺设经精开松的麻纤维毡；
步骤二、在麻纤维毡上喷淋聚氨酯，得到芯层；所述聚氨酯采用硬质聚氨酯发泡材料，麻纤维与聚氨酯的质量比为，麻纤维30～50％，聚氨酯50～70％。
步骤三、再在芯层上面铺设一层麻纤维复合板；
步骤四、然后在120℃～140℃、0.5～5MPa压力热压30～100s成型。
步骤五、冷却后得到麻纤维增强聚氨酯复合板。
步骤六、对麻纤维增强聚氨酯复合板进行切割，得到相同规格大小的麻纤维增强聚氨酯复合板。
本发明的有益效果：
该复合板由于采用了芯层加强的方式，同样的质量的情况下，其面外刚度更好。该复合材料在小变形(小冲击)时发生柔性变形，当外力消失后变形可恢复。而当大变形时，由于纤维材料的抗拉特性，具有韧性断裂的特征，另外聚氨酯发泡材料也具有良好的吸能性能，因此该复合材料具有良好的吸能特性，应用于汽车上将有助于提高车辆的安全性。
该复合板具有环保性能好、质量轻、面外刚度强度高、吸能性能好、用途广泛等特点。可广泛应用于汽车、船体、飞行器、建筑、家具、装饰、包装、电池封装、高压容器等领域，具有良好的应用前景。
附图说明
图1生产线流程图；
图2生产线流程主视图；
图3生产线流程主视图的局部放大图。
图4复合板示意图；
图5复合板示意图。
具体实施方式
实施例1
本实施例中麻纤维增强聚氨酯复合板制备方法如下：
步骤一、先在麻纤维复合板上铺设精开松的麻纤维毡；
步骤二、在麻纤维毡上喷淋聚氨酯，得到芯层；所述聚氨酯采用硬质聚氨酯发泡材料，麻纤维与聚氨酯的质量比为：麻纤维30％，聚氨酯70％。
步骤三、再在芯层上面铺设一层麻纤维复合板；
步骤四、然后在120℃～140℃、0.5～5MPa压力热压30～100s成型。
步骤五、冷却后得到麻纤维增强聚氨酯复合板。
步骤六、对麻纤维增强聚氨酯复合板进行切割，得到相同规格大小的麻纤维增强聚氨酯复合板。
最后所得到的麻纤维增强聚氨酯复合板结构如图4和图5所示，本发明采用两层面板层夹芯层的复合结构，本实施例中面板层可以根据实际性能所需选择麻纤维复合板、麻纤维复合毡、碳纤维复合板、芳纶纤维复合板、玄武岩纤维复合板，以及玻璃纤维复合板中的一种或者两种的组合，若选择麻纤维复合板或麻纤维复合毡优选由质量比为40％的汉麻纤维和60％改性聚丙烯纤维复合而成的纤维复合材料板或复合毡，根据需要可以加阻燃剂，偶联剂等改善面板的性能。精开松的麻纤维开松程度以单纤维绝大部分独立分离，形成精开松的麻纤维团簇为准。
如图1～图3所示，为本发明制备麻纤维增强聚氨酯复合板的生产流水线。第一部分为下层纤维板铺设装置1，用于铺设下层麻纤维复合板；第二部分为麻纤维精开松机2，将经过精开松的麻纤维毡铺设在下层麻纤维复合板上，第三部分为聚氨酯发泡设备3，将聚氨酯喷淋在麻纤维毡上，第四部分为上层纤维板铺设装置4用于铺设上层麻纤维复合板，第五部分为加热定型设备5，在120℃～140℃、0.5～5MPa压力热压30～100s进行加热定型处理。第六部分为冷却设备6，将成型的麻纤维增强聚氨酯复合板冷却至室温，最后经切料设备7将冷却后的麻纤维增强聚氨酯复合板切割成等规格大小。
实施例2
步骤一、先在麻纤维复合板上铺设经精开松的麻纤维毡；
步骤二、在麻纤维毡上喷淋聚氨酯，得到芯层；所述聚氨酯采用硬质聚氨酯发泡材料，麻纤维与聚氨酯的质量比为：麻纤维40％，聚氨酯60％。
步骤三、再在芯层上面铺设一层麻纤维复合板；
步骤四、然后在120℃～140℃、0.5～5MPa压力热压30～100s成型。
步骤五、冷却后得到麻纤维增强聚氨酯复合板。
步骤六、对麻纤维增强聚氨酯复合板进行切割，得到相同规格大小的麻纤维增强聚氨酯复合板。
实施例3
步骤一、先在麻纤维复合板上铺设经精开松的麻纤维毡；
步骤二、在麻纤维毡上喷淋聚氨酯，得到芯层；所述聚氨酯采用硬质聚氨酯发泡材料，麻纤维与聚氨酯的质量比为：麻纤维50％，聚氨酯50％。
步骤三、再在芯层上面铺设一层麻纤维复合板；
步骤四、然后在120℃～140℃、0.5～5MPa压力热压30～100s成型。
步骤五、冷却后得到麻纤维增强聚氨酯复合板。
步骤六、对麻纤维增强聚氨酯复合板进行切割，得到相同规格大小的麻纤维增强聚氨酯复合板。
以上实施例精开松的麻纤维毡由80～100mm的麻纤维经过精开松得到。
效果验证
按照填充麻纤维的含量不同，测出数据，进行对比分析：所得到的冲击强度和拉伸强度性能数据如表1所示，
表1
聚氨酯夹芯层中天然纤维的含量 0％ 30％ 40％ 50％
冲击强度(KJ/m2) 11 14 16 19
拉伸强度(MPa) 90 180 200 210
通过实验研究表明，纤维增强后的麻纤维增强聚氨酯复合板的力学性能明显优于未通过纤维增强的同类聚氨酯复合板，其冲击强度增长可达60％以上。

Claims (6)

1.一种麻纤维增强聚氨酯复合板，由两层面板和两面板间的中间夹层构成，其特征在于，所述的面板为麻纤维复合板、麻纤维复合毡、碳纤维复合板、芳纶纤维复合板、玄武岩纤维复合板，以及玻璃纤维复合板中的1～2种；所述的中间夹层由作为骨架的开松麻纤维和填充骨架空隙的发泡聚氨酯构成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的麻纤维增强聚氨酯复合板，其特征在于，面板层麻纤维复合板或麻纤维复合毡。
3.根据权利要求2所述的麻纤维增强聚氨酯复合板，其特征在于，所述麻纤维复合板和麻纤维复合毡为由质量比为40％的汉麻纤维比60％改性聚丙烯纤维复合而成的纤维复合板或复合毡。
4.根据权利要求1所述的麻纤维增强聚氨酯复合板，其特征在于，所述聚氨酯为硬质聚氨酯发泡材料。
5.根据权利要求1所述的麻纤维增强聚氨酯复合板，其特征在于，所述的开松麻纤维为经过精开松的80～100mm麻纤维。
6.如权利要求1所述的麻纤维增强聚氨酯复合板的制备方法，具体步骤如下：
步骤一、先在麻纤维复合板上铺设经精开松的麻纤维毡；
步骤二、在麻纤维毡上喷淋聚氨酯，得到芯层；麻纤维与聚氨酯的质量比为，麻纤维30～50％，聚氨酯50～70％；
步骤三、再在芯层上面铺设一层麻纤维复合板；
步骤四、然后在120℃～140℃、0.5～5MPa压力热压30～100s成型；
步骤五、冷却后得到麻纤维增强聚氨酯复合板。
CN201611143580.5A 2016-12-13 2016-12-13 一种麻纤维增强聚氨酯复合板及其制备方法 Pending CN106476356A (zh)

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Application publication date: 20170308