CN106476347A - 一种新型铝箔气囊保温层及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种新型铝箔气囊保温层及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN106476347A
CN106476347A CN201610833084.6A CN201610833084A CN106476347A CN 106476347 A CN106476347 A CN 106476347A CN 201610833084 A CN201610833084 A CN 201610833084A CN 106476347 A CN106476347 A CN 106476347A
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陈照峰
陈立鹤
潘影
王伟伟
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Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
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Abstract

一种新型铝箔气囊保温层,以聚乙烯囊状气泡层为中间基础层,在中间基础层上表面附结氧化铝/铝箔层,在中间基础层下表面附结单面石墨涂层铝箔层;各层之间通过复合胶粘剂粘合。使用时氧化铝膜朝外,石墨涂层朝内,对需要保温的空间进行包覆,本发明发挥致密氧化膜耐腐蚀的优点,和石墨涂层作为黑体对封闭空间的保温能力,是一种保温性能优良,使用寿命很长的保温材料。

Description

一种新型铝箔气囊保温层及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于保温材料技术领域,具体涉及一种新型铝箔气囊保温层及其制备方法。
背景技术
根据传热机理,传热的方式主要有三种:传导、对流和辐射。直接接触的分子之间会产生热传导,为了抑制热传导,常用的方法是选用本身热导率低的材料;温差导致流体的自然流动,流体运动即产生对流,为了抑制对流,有效地方法是制造真空空间,维持一个低的气压压强,减少气体分子的碰撞,或是制造单独的空间,分隔气体,避免直接的对流;而第三种传热方式辐射,在传播能量时不依赖于介质,却会与材料本身发生热交换,为了抑制热辐射,有效的方法是增加金属箔障碍层,对辐射热能进行反射。
黑体技术是增加封闭环境保温性能的另一条途径,其机理是:黑体在封闭环境内,对封闭环境内的热量,进行吸收、聚集和辐射,形成一个持续不断的动态放热过程,实现封闭环境内温度变化波动小,保温性能强的效果。
市场上常见的一种铝箔气囊保温层,它的结构中,铝箔层能反射热辐射能,气囊层则利用分隔气体的原理,避免了直接的对流换热,由于气囊内的封闭空气本身热导率就低,所以整体上铝箔气囊保温层是一种全方位保温隔热的高效保温材料,而且相比于纤维类保温材料还具有不惧潮湿的优点。考虑到所需保温的环境是一个相对封闭的空间,黑体技术就成为了进一步提升保温性能的可选方案。同时铝箔气囊保温层本身为铝箔和聚乙烯吹制气囊粘结复合而成,外表面的铝箔抗氧化性能和耐磨损性能较差,容易造成表面的破坏,聚乙烯气囊在长期高温下也有老化的风险。
授权公告号为CN 202088570 U的中国专利,公开了一种新型隔热材料,以玻璃纤维层为中间基础层,上表面附结第一阻燃气泡层,下表面附结第二阻燃气泡层,然后在第一阻燃气泡层和第二阻燃气泡层外表面附结铝膜层。所述的新型隔热材料利用了铝膜强反射能力和聚乙烯气泡层强保温能力,具有高保温隔热性能,但是该新型隔热材料需要在高温环境下工作,普通聚乙烯的高温稳定性不够,容易老化,铝膜也容易被腐蚀。
申请公布号CN 103672300A的中国专利,公开了一种新型绝热保冷材料,以阻燃改性PVCCaCO3为中间基础层,上表面附结第一复合铝箔绝热反射层,下表面附结高柔软高弹性吸音泡棉。该新型绝热保冷材料结构简单,保温隔热性能优良,但是PVC的热稳定很差,不能适应多变的温度环境。
考虑到现有铝箔气囊保温层使用环境多为高温,且温度环境多变,使用寿命受到极大损害,且保温要求日趋严苛,发明一种抗氧化、耐磨损、稳定性高的铝箔气囊保温层是十分有益的。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种抗氧化、耐磨损、稳定性高的铝箔气囊保温层。
为实现本发明的目的,所采用的技术方案是:一种新型铝箔气囊保温层,其特征在于:以聚乙烯囊状气泡层为中间基础层,在中间基础层上表面附结氧化铝/铝箔层,在中间基础层下表面附结单面石墨涂层铝箔;该新型铝箔气囊保温层的总厚度约为3~16mm;其中,氧化铝/铝箔层与中间基础层之间、中间基础层与单面石墨涂层铝箔之间通过复合胶粘剂粘结,层间剥离强度为130~180N/m,抗穿刺强度为7~12kg/cm2
所述的聚乙烯囊状气泡由聚乙烯树脂直接挤出成型,吹制时添加了一定比例的纳米TiO2,气泡直径为4~30mm,高度为2~15mm,气泡高度约为气泡直径的20%~50%,气泡壁厚度为0.1~0.3mm;囊状气泡内填充氮气,氮气体积占气泡总体积的70%~95%。
所述的氧化铝/铝箔层厚度为0.01~0.3mm,氧化铝是通过直接在铝箔背面通过阳极氧化得到,氧化膜的厚度为20~60μm,铝箔正面与中间基础层通过复合胶粘剂粘结。
所述的单面石墨涂层铝箔厚度为0.12~0.5mm;其中,铝箔的厚度为0.1~0.3mm,石墨涂层中的石墨粉体平均粒径为3~6μm,所用溶剂为无机硅水基涂料,比例为每100ml溶剂中加入16~30g石墨粉,石墨涂层的厚度为0.02~0.2mm;单面石墨涂层铝箔的铝箔裸露一面与中间基础层通过复合胶粘剂粘结。
所述的复合胶粘剂以醋酸乙烯酯和丙烯酸丁酯为主要单体,加入少量丙烯酸进行共聚改性而制成。
该新型铝箔气囊保温层的制备方法:
(1)将无机硅水基涂料和石墨粉按每100ml溶剂16~30g石墨粉的比例混合,并加入少量锌粉促进混合均匀,将制取的石墨涂料均匀涂覆在铝箔背面,控制石墨涂层的厚度为0.02~0.2mm,在45~65℃下干燥2h;
(2)取另一块一面有厚度为20~60μm氧化膜的铝箔,用60~70℃的pH=9~10脱脂液对无氧化膜一侧进行擦拭除油,随后用浓度为100~140g/L的硫酸进行中和并水洗;
(3)向(1)中得到的单面石墨涂层铝箔和(2)中得到的氧化铝/铝箔层的铝箔裸露一侧淋膜复合胶粘剂,将添加了一定比例纳米TiO2的聚乙烯树脂吹制成囊状气泡,同时将氧化铝/铝箔层覆压在气泡层上表面,将单面石墨涂层铝箔覆压在气泡层下表面,常温常压干燥。
本发明所具有的有益效果是:①表面致密的氧化膜层能提高保温层整体对外界不良因素的抵抗能力,相比于单一的铝箔还能提高保温性能;②在聚乙烯树脂中加入纳米TiO2能提高气囊的热稳定性和光稳定性,增强抗老化能力;③复合结构的保温层从抑制传导、对流和辐射三个传热方式入手,保温性能优良;④运用黑体技术,进一步增强保温性能,同时减少温差波动。
附图说明
图1是一种新型铝箔气囊保温层的示意图。
图示中10为氧化铝膜层,20为铝箔,30为铝箔,40为石墨涂层,50为囊状气泡层,60为填充氮气。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例,进一步阐明本发明,应理解这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围,在阅读了本发明之后,本领域技术人员对本发明的各种等价形式的修改均落于本申请所附权利要求所限定。
实施例
一种新型铝箔气囊保温层,其特征在于:以聚乙烯囊状气泡层为中间基础层,在中间基础层上表面附结氧化铝/铝箔层,在中间基础层下表面附结单面石墨涂层铝箔;该新型铝箔气囊保温层的总厚度约为5mm;其中,氧化铝/铝箔层与中间基础层之间、中间基础层与单面石墨涂层铝箔之间通过复合胶粘剂粘结,层间剥离强度可达150N/m,抗穿刺强度可达10kg/cm2
聚乙烯囊状气泡由聚乙烯树脂直接挤出成型,吹制时添加了一定比例的纳米TiO2,气泡直径为8mm,高度为4mm,气泡壁厚度为0.2mm;囊状气泡内填充氮气,氮气体积占气泡总体积的88%。
氧化铝/铝箔层厚度为0.2mm,氧化铝是通过直接在铝箔背面通过阳极氧化得到,氧化膜的厚度为50μm,铝箔正面与中间基础层通过复合胶粘剂粘结。
单面石墨涂层铝箔厚度为0.5mm;其中,铝箔的厚度为0.2mm,石墨涂层中的石墨粉体平均粒径为5μm,所用溶剂为无机硅水基涂料,比例为每100ml溶剂中加入20g石墨粉,石墨涂层的厚度为0.3mm;单面石墨涂层铝箔的铝箔裸露一面与中间基础层通过复合胶粘剂粘结。
复合胶粘剂以醋酸乙烯酯和丙烯酸丁酯为主要单体,加入少量丙烯酸进行共聚改性而制成。
其制备过程如下:
(1)将无机硅水基涂料和石墨粉按每100ml溶剂20g石墨粉的比例混合,并加入少量锌粉促进混合均匀,将制取的石墨涂料均匀涂覆在0.3mm的铝箔背面,控制石墨涂层的厚度为0.2mm,在50℃下干燥2h;
(2)取另一块一面有厚度为50μm氧化膜的厚度为0.2mm的铝箔,用60℃的pH=9的脱脂液对无氧化膜一侧进行擦拭除油,随后用浓度为100g/L的硫酸进行中和并水洗;
(3)向(1)中得到的单面石墨涂层铝箔和(2)中得到的氧化铝/铝箔层的铝箔裸露一侧淋膜复合胶粘剂,将添加了一定比例纳米TiO2的聚乙烯树脂吹制成囊状气泡,并在气泡中填充氮气,同时将氧化铝/铝箔层覆压在气泡层上表面,将单面石墨涂层铝箔覆压在气泡层下表面,常温常压干燥。
本实施例中的新型铝箔气囊保温层厚度约为5mm,整体导热系数为0.022~0.032W/(m·K)。使用时,氧化铝膜朝外,石墨涂层朝内,对需要保温的空间进行包覆,占用空间少。表面致密的氧化铝膜层可有效抑制外界不良因素对铝箔的腐蚀,石墨涂层则是黑体,增强保温能力,纳米TiO2则增加聚乙烯囊状气泡的热稳定性和光稳定性,在100摄氏度以上的工作环境下使用寿命长达8年以上,无脱落分层现象。
上述仅为本发明的两个具体实施方式,但本发明的设计构思并不局限于此,凡利用此构思对本发明进行非实质性的改动,均应属于侵犯本发明保护的范围的行为。但凡是未脱离本发明技术方案的内容,依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何形式的简单修改、等同变化与改型,仍属于本发明技术方案的保护范围。

Claims (6)

1.一种新型铝箔气囊保温层,其特征在于:以聚乙烯囊状气泡层为中间基础层,在中间基础层上表面附结氧化铝/铝箔层,在中间基础层下表面附结单面石墨涂层铝箔;该新型铝箔气囊保温层的总厚度约为3~16mm;其中,氧化铝/铝箔层与中间基础层之间、中间基础层与单面石墨涂层铝箔之间通过复合胶粘剂粘结,层间剥离强度为130~180N/m,抗穿刺强度为7~12kg/cm2
2.根据权利要求1所述,其特征在于所述的聚乙烯囊状气泡由聚乙烯树脂直接挤出成型,吹制时添加了一定比例的纳米TiO2,气泡直径为4~30mm,高度为2~15mm,气泡高度约为气泡直径的20%~50%,气泡壁厚度为0.1~0.3mm;囊状气泡内填充氮气,氮气体积占气泡总体积的70%~95%。
3.根据权利要求1所述,其特征在于所述的氧化铝/铝箔层厚度为0.01~0.3mm,氧化铝是通过直接在铝箔背面通过阳极氧化得到,氧化膜的厚度为20~60μm,铝箔正面与中间基础层通过复合胶粘剂粘结。
4.根据权利要求1所述,其特征在于所述的单面石墨涂层铝箔厚度为0.12~0.5mm;其中,铝箔的厚度为0.1~0.3mm,石墨涂层中的石墨粉体平均粒径为3~6μm,所用溶剂为无机硅水基涂料,比例为每100ml溶剂中加入16~30g石墨粉,石墨涂层的厚度为0.02~0.2mm;单面石墨涂层铝箔的铝箔裸露一面与中间基础层通过复合胶粘剂粘结。
5.根据权利要求1所述,其特征在于所述的复合胶粘剂以醋酸乙烯酯和丙烯酸丁酯为主要单体,加入少量丙烯酸进行共聚改性而制成。
6.根据权利要求1-5所述,其特征在于该新型铝箔气囊保温层的制备方法如下:
(1)将无机硅水基涂料和石墨粉按每100ml溶剂16~30g石墨粉的比例混合,并加入少量锌粉促进混合均匀,将制取的石墨涂料均匀涂覆在铝箔背面,控制石墨涂层的厚度为0.02~0.2mm,在45~65℃下干燥2h;
(2)取另一块一面有厚度为20~60μm氧化膜的铝箔,用60~70℃的pH=9~10脱脂液对无氧化膜一侧进行擦拭除油,随后用浓度为100~140g/L的硫酸进行中和并水洗;
(3)向(1)中得到的单面石墨涂层铝箔和(2)中得到的氧化铝/铝箔层的铝箔裸露一侧淋膜复合胶粘剂,将添加了一定比例纳米TiO2的聚乙烯树脂吹制成囊状气泡,并在气泡中填充氮气,同时将氧化铝/铝箔层覆压在气泡层上表面,将单面石墨涂层铝箔覆压在气泡层下表面,常温常压干燥。
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