CN1064746C - Thermoacoustic engine - Google Patents
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- CN1064746C CN1064746C CN95105966A CN95105966A CN1064746C CN 1064746 C CN1064746 C CN 1064746C CN 95105966 A CN95105966 A CN 95105966A CN 95105966 A CN95105966 A CN 95105966A CN 1064746 C CN1064746 C CN 1064746C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a novel thermoacoustics engine device. The present invention is characterized in that the heat energy part of a high temperature heat source is converted into a sound energy by a heat-sound function generated by a semiwave resonance sound field or a resonance approaching sound field; the sound energy is directly used, or the sound energy is converted into mechanical energy, electrical energy, pressure energy, etc. to be used. The novel thermoacoustics engine is composed of heat exchangers 1 and 3, a heat regenerator 2, sound wave guide tubes 4, 6, a resonating tube 5, a sound conducting device 7, a sound wave guide tube or guide tube sets 8 and 9, wherein the sound wave guide tube is provided with a sound impedance regulator. The length of the thermoacoustics engine is approximately the half-wavelength or quarter wavelength larger than or half wavelength smaller than a sound wave. Thermoacoustic effects generated by the travelling wave part and a standing wave part of a sound field are both heat-sound effects in the heat and sound regenerator.
Description
The present invention relates to a kind of engine device, particularly a kind ofly utilize thermic sound effect in the thermoacoustic effect the thermoacoustic engine of thermal power transfer for acoustic energy.The heat energy that thermoacoustic engine consumption is provided by high temperature heat source by the compressible fluid working medium (sound) of vibration and the thermal interaction of solid working medium, is acoustic energy with thermal power transfer, acoustic energy is directly utilized, or being converted into mechanical energy again, electric energy, pressure can wait for utilizing.
At present, known thermoacoustic engine such as U. S. Patent 4,489,553 (Whealley 12/1984) are described.This is a kind of thermoacoustic engine (L～1/2 λ, λ are sound wave long) of half-wavelength, but they only utilize the nonreversibility of working medium and standing wave to produce thermoacoustic effect work, thereby the conversion of the intensity of the thermoacoustic effect of its generation and useful power and utilization ratio are lower.And for example U. S. Patent 4,114,380 (Ceperley 9/1978), 4,355,517 (Ceperley 10/1982) are described, the thermoacoustic effect work that they utilize the row ripple to produce, but this is that (L～λ), the impedance of its sound travel is difficult for coupling and realizes difficulty the long thermoacoustic engine of a kind of all-wave, does not see the report that practices so far.
The present invention seeks on the basis of system research thermoacoustic effect, the characteristics of changing and transporting according to energy in the thermoacoustic effect (acoustic energy and heat energy), the a kind of of proposition is the thermoacoustic engine of acoustic energy with thermal power transfer, this thermoacoustic engine can overcome or reduce the shortcoming of thermoacoustic engine in the past, improves the intensity of thermoacoustic effect and the conversion and the utilization ratio of useful power.
Embodiment of the present invention is as follows:
Thermoacoustic engine provided by the invention, comprise ambient temperature heat sound radiator, thermal acoustic regenerator, elevated temperature heat sound heat absorber, the high temperature acoustic waveguide tube, hot acoustic resonance pipe, the ambient temperature acoustic waveguide tube, microphone, it is characterized in that: also comprise the acoustic waveguide tube of band acoustic impedance regulator or sound wave primary feedback regulating loop and the sound wave time feedback regulation loop that the acoustic waveguide tube group is formed, ambient temperature heat sound radiator and elevated temperature heat sound heat absorber lay respectively at the low temperature and the temperature end of thermal acoustic regenerator, high temperature acoustic waveguide tube two ends connect elevated temperature heat sound heat absorber and hot acoustic resonance pipe respectively, the other end of hot acoustic resonance pipe connects microphone by the ambient temperature acoustic waveguide tube, the one end JA(junction ambient) temperature heat sound radiator of the sound wave primary feedback regulating loop that the acoustic waveguide tube of band acoustic impedance regulator or acoustic waveguide tube group are formed, the other end is connected on the ambient temperature acoustic waveguide tube between hot acoustic resonance pipe and the microphone, and sound wave time feedback regulation loop connects thermal acoustic regenerator and hot acoustic resonance pipe; Sound field in the thermoacoustic engine is the nearly resonance sound field of half-wave resonance sound field or half-wave, and its length is about the half-wavelength of sound wave or between quarter wavelength and half-wavelength; In thermal acoustic regenerator, the phase place of working fluid speed fluctuation is ahead of the phase place of pressure surge, and the capable ripple part of sound field and the thermoacoustic effect that standing wave partly produces all are thermic sound effects; The two ends of hot acoustic resonance pipe are in high temperature and ambient temperature respectively, and the part of the acoustic energy flow that is produced by thermal acoustic regenerator feeds back to thermal acoustic regenerator by the primary feedback regulating loop of sound wave, forms a capable ripple acoustic energy flow that runs through whole thermal acoustic regenerator;
Described microphone be with acoustic energy be converted to the electromagnetic oscillations formula microphone of electric energy or generator, with acoustic energy be converted to mechanical energy the reciprocating piston type microphone, with acoustic energy be converted to pressure can compressor valve plate group or electromagnetic valve group or rotary valve group;
Described high temperature acoustic waveguide tube, thermal acoustic regenerator, hot acoustic resonance pipe and ambient temperature acoustic waveguide tube are made by metal tube or nonmetallic pipe, and the layout shape of its axis has lineal shape, U-shaped, crooked shape, the crooked shape of part; Relative position between thermal acoustic regenerator and the hot acoustic resonance pipe is coaxial or non-coaxial arrangement;
The structure of described thermal acoustic regenerator inside is porosity acoustic streaming road or solid porous material, the porosity acoustic streaming road of granular material formation or the combination of above three class formations that forms the solid thin plate laminated construction in acoustic streaming road between plate and the plate or pile up formation for wire gaze; Thermal acoustic regenerator is a straight tube or from the varying cross-section duct of low-temperature end to temperature end expansion, its expanded form is tubaeform continuous expansion or the expansion of trapezoidal cascade; Thermal acoustic regenerator and outer thermal source thermal insulation;
Described hot acoustic resonance pipe is the relatively poor pipeline of axial thermal conductivity, and its two ends are provided with or are not provided with the high and low warm sound heat exchanger of keeping the two ends temperature constant; The material of hot acoustic resonance pipe is that thin metallic tubd or nonmetallic pipe or outer wall are nonmetallic compound thin walled tube for the metal inner surface face; The sectional shape of hot acoustic resonance pipe is straight tube or the varying cross-section duct that shrinks to low-temperature end from temperature end, and its shrink form is that tubaeform continuous contraction or trapezoidal cascade are shunk; Fill in the pipe of hot acoustic resonance pipe or partially filled or do not fill heat sound regenerative material; The two ends of hot acoustic resonance pipe are provided with or are not provided with the laminarization element;
The internal structure of hot radiator of described ambient temperature and elevated temperature heat sound heat absorber is the laminated construction of the good solid plate of employing thermal conductivity, forms between plate and the plate to process the structure of the passage of speaking in acoustic streaming road or employing solid circular tube group or the monoblock solid or adopt wire gaze, solid porous material to pile up formation porosity acoustic streaming road; The acoustic streaming road shape of ambient temperature heat sound radiator and elevated temperature heat sound heat absorber is rectangle, circle or ellipticalness, triangle, rhombus and hexagon; The solid dielectric of ambient temperature heat sound radiator and elevated temperature heat sound heat absorber is the solid material of good thermal conductivity;
Acoustic impedance regulator in sound wave primary feedback regulating loop that the acoustic waveguide tube of described band acoustic impedance regulator or acoustic waveguide tube group are formed and the sound wave time feedback regulation loop is acoustic resistance regulator, acoustic capacitance regulator or phonoreception regulator or its combination, and the acoustic resistance regulator is a bit of pore pipe or a bit of porous medium or an aperture modulating valve or its combination; The acoustic capacitance regulator is a cavity that is positioned on the passage; The one section slender pipeline of acoustic(al) inertance regulator on the sound passage, connecting;
Described sound wave time feedback regulation loop is made of the acoustic waveguide tube of band acoustic impedance regulator, is one the tunnel, two-way or multichannel;
When the relative position between thermal acoustic regenerator and the hot acoustic resonance pipe is coaxial arrangement, acoustic impedance regulator in the sound wave time feedback regulation loop is, two or more aperture on the common wall of thermal acoustic regenerator and hot acoustic resonance pipe, or with this common wall employing or be made into porous wall;
Described sound wave primary feedback regulating loop is substituted by a loudspeaker, its loudspeaker is for being converted to electric energy, mechanical energy, pressure the parts of acoustic energy, the piston type, diaphragm type, the air-stream type loudspeaker that comprise motor driving or Electromagnetic Drive, the energy that drives loudspeaker is provided or by microphone acoustic energy is changed the part of next energy by the external world.
Thermoacoustic engine provided by the invention, its sound field adopts the design of half-wave resonance sound field (L～1/2 λ) or nearly resonance sound field (1/4 λ＜L＜1/2 λ), it reasonably utilizes the characteristics of isothermal wall thermoacoustic effect and adiabatic wall thermoacoustic effect, and the thermic sound effect in the thermoacoustic effect that partly produces of the standing wave of the thermoacoustic effect that partly produces of the capable ripple that utilizes sound field simultaneously and sound field, be acoustic energy with thermal power transfer.This novel thermoacoustic engine can overcome enough useful work that thermoacoustic engine impedance in the past is difficult for coupling, can not obtains to be worth utilization, or the lower shortcoming of energy conversion efficiency, thermal power transfer is become acoustic energy, or be converted to mechanical energy again, electric energy or pressure can etc. output for utilizing.
In order to illustrate thought of the present invention, below thermoacoustic effect is carried out necessary explanation.
Thermoacoustic effect is meant compressible fluid working medium with thermal expansivity, and have between the solid working medium of big thermal capacity and thermal conductivity, because the sound oscillation of the relative solid of fluid and generation thermal interaction, and the time equal thermodynamic energy graded effect that causes.
Divide by the solid outer wall and the thermo-contact mode of outer thermal source, thermoacoustic effect can be divided into isothermal wall thermoacoustic effect, adiabatic wall thermoacoustic effect and general situation thermoacoustic effect.
The outer wall that isothermal wall thermoacoustic effect is meant the solid working medium is during with outer thermal source ideal thermo-contact, because the mean temperature of the solid as a result of desirable thermo-contact and fluid is at arbitrary section and constant, and identical with outer heat source temperature, at this moment the time equal energy effect of the horizontal exchange heat between working medium and external heat source appears.The characteristics of isothermal wall thermoacoustic effect are: 1. in low acoustic conductivity than (the acoustic conductivity ratio is local fluid density, the velocity of sound, the ratio of three products of speed fluctuation amplitude and pressure surge amplitude) zone, the outside thermal source of working medium is emitted heat, 2. in the zone of high acoustic conductivity ratio, if the Prandtl number of fluid working medium (ratio of coefficient of viscosity and thermal conductivity) is enough little, working medium is by outer thermal source draw heat, 3. in working medium and acoustic conductivity regularly than one, the intensity of isothermal wall thermoacoustic effect is relevant with the ratio of acoustic streaming road width and fluid thermal depth of penetration with efficient, and is better when acoustic streaming road equivalent yardstick is suitable with the fluid thermal depth of penetration.
The outer wall that the adiabatic wall thermoacoustic effect is meant the solid working medium is during with outer thermal source ideal thermal insulation, because desirable heat-insulating result, (total energy stream is enthalpy stream and transmission of heat hot-fluid sum to total energy stream, also equal heat and sound merit stream sum) will remain unchanged, at this moment the time equal energy effect of the mutual conversion of heat energy and acoustic energy appears.The adiabatic wall thermoacoustic effect produces thermic sound and does the time spent, and high temperature heat is consumed and is converted to acoustic energy, and hot-fluid is transported to low-temperature end and is discharged by temperature end and gives environment simultaneously.
When the outer wall of solid working medium with outside thermal source the thermoacoustic effect of general situation takes place when being in limited thermo-contact.Isothermal wall thermoacoustic effect and adiabatic wall thermoacoustic effect are two limit situations of general situation thermoacoustic effect.
Arbitrary sound field can be considered the standing wave part and the row ripple part sum of sound field, and the adiabatic wall thermoacoustic effect produces thermic sound and does the time spent, and the effect that the standing wave of sound field partly produces has following characteristics: 1. the thermoacoustic effect intensity of Chan Shenging is lower; 2. direction of heat flow is always hanged down the zone of acoustic conductivity ratio by the field flow orientation of high acoustic conductivity ratio; 3. work as temperature end in the zone of high acoustic conductivity ratio, low-temperature end produces the thermic sound effect in the zone of low acoustic conductivity ratio when bearing bigger temperature gradient.At this moment direction of heat flow flows to low-temperature end by temperature end; 4. in temperature gradient one regularly, intensity and efficient maximum when acoustic streaming road equivalent yardstick is about the thermal penetration depth of fluid of the thermic sound effect of the standing wave of sound field part.At this moment fluid working medium and solid working medium have moderate thermo-contact, and thermoacoustic effect relies on the limited thermomechanics nonreversibility work of working medium.To completely reversibility or complete irreversible working medium, the thermic sound effect that standing wave all can not produce.
The effect that the capable ripple of sound field partly produces has following characteristics: 1. the thermoacoustic effect intensity of Chan Shenging higher (to the same pressure and the sound wave of velocity amplitude, the energy flux density that can reach is about the accessible twice of standing wave); 2. always the direction (direction that the row ripple is propagated) with sound merit stream is opposite for direction of heat flow.And ideally hot-fluid and merit flow equal and opposite in direction when the working medium completely reversibility, and hot-fluid is less than flowing with merit when there is the thermomechanics nonreversibility in working medium; 3. when the zone of temperature end at high acoustic conductivity ratio, low-temperature end is in the zone of low acoustic conductivity ratio, flow to low-temperature end by temperature end and produce the thermic sound effect constantly holding bigger temperature gradient and direction of heat flow, at this moment sound merit flow path direction flows to temperature end by low-temperature end, and partial heat energy is consumed and is converted to acoustic energy; 4. in temperature gradient one regularly, the intensity of the thermoacoustic effect that the capable ripple of sound field partly produces and efficient maximum when the equivalent yardstick in acoustic streaming road is compared less and don't caused bigger viscous dissipation with thermal penetration depth.At this moment fluid working medium and solid working medium have thermo-contact preferably, and thermoacoustic effect relies on the thermomechanics reversibility work of working medium.To the working medium of completely reversibility, it is most effective that the intensity of the thermic sound effect that the row ripple produces and transformation of energy are utilized.
The working medium that produces thermoacoustic effect should be that the compressible flowing medium with higher thermal expansion degree, low Prandtl number has the solid dielectric of thermal capacity greatly with comparing with flowing medium.Special fluid medium, bigger in the high and low temperature temperature difference, and energy flux density is required the lower occasion thermoacoustic engine of smaller power (higher as the temperature of high temperature heat source and), can adopt the gas that molecular formula is simple, molecular weight is less (as helium, hydrogen, nitrogen etc.); Less in the high and low temperature temperature difference, and the occasion bigger (as the lower and more powerful thermoacoustic engine of requirement of temperature of high temperature heat source) to the energy flux density requirement, the near critical fluids of better simply gas of the molecular formula of available higher working pressure (as gases such as helium, nitrogen, carbon dioxide) or near the simple molecules formula of employing critical temperature ambient temperature is (as adopting carbon dioxide, propylene, water etc., but working pressure should be near critical pressure).
The present invention adopts following several basic acoustics and hot part spare to realize.These parts respectively have different functions, and the functions such as providing, change, transport of acoustic energy, heat energy is provided in thermoacoustic engine.These basic elements of character are:
1. sonic transducer.Sonic transducer is parts of realizing the mutual conversion of meritorious energy such as electric energy, mechanical energy, pressure energy and acoustic energy.Can realize the conversion of meritorious energy and acoustic energy as electromagnetic type, piston type, air-stream type loudspeaker etc.; Electromagnetic oscillations formula, reciprocating piston type microphone or generator can be realized the conversion of acoustic energy and electric energy, reciprocating piston can be realized the conversion of acoustic energy and mechanical energy, compressor valve plate group, electromagnetic valve group or rotary valve group etc. can realize the mutual conversion of acoustic energy and pressure energy etc., and they can be exported the acoustic energy in the thermoacoustic engine.To realize that below other meritorious transformation of energy is that acoustic transducer is referred to as loudspeaker, is referred to as microphone and sound is converted to other meritorious energy transducer.
2. hot sound heat exchanger.Heat sound heat exchanger is to utilize isothermal wall thermoacoustic effect to realize the parts of the exchange heat of thermoacoustic engine and outer thermal source.Heat the heat exchanger that is positioned over high acoustic conductivity ratio zone in the thermoacoustic engine sound field is absorbed heat by outer thermal source, claims hot sound heat absorber, is positioned over the outside thermal source heat release of hot sound heat exchanger in low acoustic conductivity ratio zone in the thermoacoustic engine sound field, claims hot sound radiator.The structure of heat sound heat exchanger can be to adopt the laminated construction of the good solid plate (as sheet metal) of thermal conductivity, forms runner between plate and the plate; Also can adopt the structure of processing the passage of speaking in solid circular tube group or the monoblock, the solid porous material that can also adopt piling up of wire gaze to form porosity acoustic streaming road or use other type.In the heat sound heat exchanger, the shape in acoustic streaming road can be varied, and as rectangle, circle or ellipticalness, triangle, rhombus, hexagon etc., but acoustic streaming road equivalent yardstick should be suitable with the fluid thermal depth of penetration.The solid dielectric of heat sound heat exchanger should have good thermal conductivity, and the outer wall of solid dielectric should have good thermo-contact with outer thermal source, so that the temperature of whole heat exchanger such as is at temperature state as far as possible.The length of heat exchanger should be less with sound wave appearance ratio, runs off the zone of high acoustic conductivity than zone or low acoustic conductivity ratio to avoid same heat exchanger, makes the neither endothermic nor exothermic effect be cut down or offset.
3. thermal acoustic regenerator.Thermal acoustic regenerator is to utilize the adiabatic wall thermoacoustic effect to realize the critical component of the conversion of the thermic sound effect of thermoacoustic engine and heat energy and acoustic energy.The acoustic conductivity that the design of thermal acoustic regenerator should make its two ends is than suitably so that transporting and changing of energy is smooth, and with heat sound heat exchanger can co-ordination.The structure of thermal acoustic regenerator can be the laminated construction of solid thin plate (as sheet metal), forms the acoustic streaming road between plate and the plate; Also can adopt the solid porous material that forms porosity acoustic streaming road or other type that piles up of wire gaze.In the thermal acoustic regenerator, the shape in acoustic streaming road can be to adopt the combination of multiple shape in the varied or same regenerator.But the equivalent yardstick in acoustic streaming road should be about the thermal penetration depth (accounting for the zone of major component at standing-wave sound field) of local fluid, or much smaller than the thermal penetration depth (the wave sound field of being expert at accounts for the zone of major component) of fluid, or be an appropriate value less than the fluid depth of penetration (all accounting for the zone of suitable share in standing wave and row wave sound field).Thermal acoustic regenerator can be a straight tube, also can adopt the varying cross-section duct that shrinks to low-temperature end from temperature end, and as tubaeform continuous contraction, or trapezoidal cascade is shunk.The solid dielectric of thermal acoustic regenerator should have preferably laterally vertical (along the propagation of sound direction) thermal conductivity of (perpendicular to the propagation of sound direction) thermal conductivity (laminated construction of this available vertical layout is realized), so that whole regenerator is identical as far as possible in the temperature in same cross section, and don't can be because transmission of heat causes bigger being lost by the longitudinal heat flux of regenerator temperature end to low-temperature end.The thermal capacitance of regenerator solid dielectric on same cross section should be much larger than the thermal capacitance of flowing medium, and the thermocontact area of solid dielectric and flowing medium should make thermoacoustic effect insufficient and cause unnecessary thermomechanics irreversible loss greatly to avoid incomplete thermo-contact.Thermal acoustic regenerator and outer thermal source should have good thermal insulation, are lost to the thermotransport of low-temperature end by temperature end to the leakage heat and the thermoacoustic effect generation of environment avoiding.
4. hot acoustic resonance pipe.The solid pipeline that the two ends that hot acoustic resonance pipe is one section outer wall thermal insulation link to each other with the high and low temperature end respectively, its two are looked closely situation can be provided with high and low warm sound heat exchanger, to keep the two ends temperature constant.Its main effect is by the coupling of duct length in system, in whole system, produce half-wave resonance or nearly resonance sound field, and connect and to work in any two hot part spares of high temperature section and low-temperature zone, and don't can cause bigger decay of flowing to the hot-fluid loss harmony merit of low-temperature end by temperature end.The two ends acoustic conductivity of hot acoustic resonance pipe is than the zone of preferably crossing over high acoustic conductivity ratio and hanging down the acoustic conductivity ratio.Hot acoustic resonance pipe should adopt the relatively poor pipeline of thermal conductivity, and as thin metallic tubd or nonmetallic pipe, or outer wall is nonmetallic compound sheet-metal duct for the metal inner surface face.The sectional shape of hot acoustic resonance pipe can be varied, but its acoustic streaming road equivalent yardstick should greater than or much larger than the thermal penetration depth of local fluid, to avoid because solid thermal conduction and thermoacoustic effect produce from the hot-fluid of temperature end to low-temperature end loses, but can not be too big so that the whole system operation volume is too big, energy density is too low.Hot acoustic resonance pipe can adopt straight tube along the longitudinal direction, also can adopt from the varying cross-section duct of low-temperature end to the temperature end expansion, and as tubaeform continuous expansion, or the expansion of trapezoidal cascade.The outer wall of hot acoustic resonance pipe and the outer thermal source thermal insulation of should trying one's best is to avoid leak thermal loss.The two ends of hot acoustic resonance pipe can be provided with (also can not being provided with) laminarization element, make flowing in the hot acoustic resonance pipe pipe approach laminar flow as far as possible, reduce or the loss of elimination turbulent mixture.
5. acoustic waveguide tube.Acoustic waveguide tube is one section or one group of solid pipeline that works in identical or close temperature.Its effect mainly is to be used for connecting two ends that thermoacoustic engine is in same temperature province with formation sound loop (audio feedback circuit), or is used for the natural frequency of regulating system.
6. acoustic impedance regulator.The acoustic impedance regulator is to regulate and the parts of coupling acoustic impedance, with it can be in thermoacoustic engine the appropriate location regulate and the size and the phase place of the sound oscillation (speed and pressure surge) of coupling locality.Three kinds of impedance types are arranged in acoustics, and acoustic resistance, acoustic capacitance and phonoreception are so the acoustic impedance regulator also has three kinds of basic types.Acoustic resistance regulator (or acoustic damping regulator) can be a bit of thin (little) hole pipe or a bit of porous medium or an aperture regulating valve or its combination.The acoustic compliance regulator is to connect a bigger cavity on the sound passage.And the acoustic(al) inertance adjusting generally is to connect one section elongated pipeline on the passage.These three kinds of basic regulators can be used in combination separately or by modes such as parallel connection, series connection during actual the use, obtain required sound oscillation, regulate the amplitude and the phase place of certain position sound field with special position in sound travel.
The thermoacoustic engine of indication of the present invention is to be made of above several basic acoustics and hot part spare.Selection that these several parts are different and combination, the thermoacoustic engine of formation different structure characteristics.The different selections and the combination of indication here all needs to satisfy such condition, and promptly a thermoacoustic engine comprises above several basic element of character at least; In temperature end, the hot device of heat sound is that the temperature end from the external world is transported to low-temperature end; In thermal acoustic regenerator, the capable ripple part of sound field and the thermoacoustic effect that standing wave partly produces all are to produce the effect of thermic sound, and being about to thermal power transfer is acoustic energy, and at this moment sound merit stream is transported to temperature end by low-temperature end, and hot-fluid then is transported to low-temperature end from temperature end; In low-temperature end, heat sound heat exchanger is to the low-temperature heat source heat release in the external world; Sound field in the whole thermoacoustic engine is half-wave resonance sound field or nearly resonance sound field, and the resonance of sound field mates by hot acoustic resonance pipe and acoustic waveguide tube; The generation of the traveling-wave component of sound field realizes by loudspeaker or by the audio feedback circuit of the device that has acoustic impedance adjusting.
Adopt above-mentioned design, can improve the performance of thermoacoustic engine significantly, reduce the loss of available energy, improve the efficient of thermoacoustic engine.More owing to adopted design flexible, we can select the combination of the parts of multi-form different characteristics such as transducer according to situation, can satisfy the needs of different occasions like this.
Further describe the present invention below in conjunction with drawings and Examples:
Accompanying drawing 1 is the structural representation that only adopts the thermoacoustic engine of the present invention of a transducer (microphone), and the arrow indication is the direction of merit stream among the figure;
Accompanying drawing 2 is the structural representations that adopt the thermoacoustic engine of the main feedback loop of sound wave in loudspeaker alternate figures 1 structure, and it adopts two transducers (two driving), i.e. a microphone and a loudspeaker.The arrow indication is the direction of merit stream among the figure;
Ambient temperature heat sound radiator 1 thermal acoustic regenerator 2 elevated temperature heat sound heat absorbers 3
High temperature acoustic waveguide tube 4 hot acoustic resonance pipe 5 ambient temperature acoustic waveguide tubes 6
Microphone 7 sound wave primary feedback regulating loops 8 sound waves time feedback regulation loop 9
As seen from the figure, thermoacoustic engine provided by the invention, comprise ambient temperature heat sound radiator 1, thermal acoustic regenerator 2, elevated temperature heat sound heat absorber 3, high temperature acoustic waveguide tube 4, hot acoustic resonance pipe 5, ambient temperature acoustic waveguide tube 6, microphone 7, it is characterized in that: also comprise the acoustic waveguide tube of band acoustic impedance regulator or sound wave primary feedback regulating loop 8 and the sound wave time feedback regulation loop 9 that the acoustic waveguide tube group is formed, ambient temperature heat sound radiator 1 and elevated temperature heat sound heat absorber 3 lay respectively at the low temperature and the temperature end of thermal acoustic regenerator 2, high temperature acoustic waveguide tube 4 two ends connect elevated temperature heat sound heat absorber 3 and hot acoustic resonance pipe 5 respectively, the other end of hot acoustic resonance pipe 5 connects microphone 7 by ambient temperature acoustic waveguide tube 6, the one end JA(junction ambient) temperature heat sound radiator 1 of the sound wave primary feedback regulating loop 8 that the acoustic waveguide tube of band acoustic impedance regulator or acoustic waveguide tube group are formed, the other end is connected on the ambient temperature acoustic waveguide tube 6 between hot acoustic resonance pipe 5 and the microphone 7, and sound wave time feedback regulation loop 9 connects thermal acoustic regenerator 2 and hot acoustic resonance pipes 5; Sound field in the thermoacoustic engine is the nearly resonance sound field of half-wave resonance sound field or half-wave, and its length is about the half-wavelength of sound wave or between quarter wavelength and half-wavelength; In thermal acoustic regenerator, the phase place of working fluid speed fluctuation is ahead of the phase place of pressure surge, and the capable ripple part of sound field and the thermoacoustic effect that standing wave partly produces all are thermic sound effects; The two ends of hot acoustic resonance pipe are in high temperature and ambient temperature respectively, and the part of the acoustic energy flow that is produced by thermal acoustic regenerator feeds back to thermal acoustic regenerator by the primary feedback regulating loop of sound wave, forms a shape ripple acoustic energy flow that runs through whole thermal acoustic regenerator;
Described microphone 7 be with acoustic energy be converted to the electromagnetic oscillations formula microphone of electric energy or generator, with acoustic energy be converted to mechanical energy the reciprocating piston type microphone, with acoustic energy be converted to pressure can compressor valve plate group or electromagnetic valve group or rotary valve group;
Described high temperature acoustic waveguide tube 4, thermal acoustic regenerator 2, hot acoustic resonance pipe 5 and ambient temperature acoustic waveguide tube 6 are made by metal tube or nonmetallic pipe, and the layout shape of its axis has lineal shape, U-shaped, crooked shape, the crooked shape of part; Relative position between thermal acoustic regenerator 2 and the hot acoustic resonance pipe 5 is coaxial or non-coaxial arrangement;
The structure of described phonomotor thermal acoustic regenerator 2 inside is to form the solid thin plate laminated construction in acoustic streaming road between plate and the plate or pile up porosity acoustic streaming road or its combination that the porosity acoustic streaming road of formation or solid porous material, granular material form for wire gaze; Thermal acoustic regenerator is a straight tube or from the varying cross-section duct of low-temperature end to temperature end expansion, its expanded form is tubaeform continuous expansion or the expansion of trapezoidal cascade; Thermal acoustic regenerator and outer thermal source thermal insulation;
Described hot acoustic resonance pipe 5 is the relatively poor pipeline of axial thermal conductivity, and it two is looked closely situation and be provided with the high and low warm sound heat exchanger of keeping the two ends temperature constant; The material of hot acoustic resonance pipe is that thin metallic tubd or nonmetallic pipe or outer wall are nonmetallic compound thin walled tube for the metal inner surface face; The sectional shape of hot acoustic resonance pipe is straight tube or the varying cross-section duct that shrinks to low-temperature end from temperature end, and its shrink form is that tubaeform continuous contraction or trapezoidal cascade are shunk; Fill in the pipe of hot acoustic resonance pipe or partially filled or do not fill heat sound regenerative material; The two ends of hot acoustic resonance pipe are provided with or are not provided with the laminarization element;
The internal structure of hot radiator 1 of described ambient temperature and elevated temperature heat sound heat absorber 3 is the laminated construction of the good solid plate of employing thermal conductivity, forms between plate and the plate to process the structure of the passage of speaking in acoustic streaming road or employing solid circular tube group or the monoblock solid or adopt wire gaze, solid porous material to pile up formation porosity acoustic streaming road; The acoustic streaming road shape of ambient temperature heat sound radiator and elevated temperature heat sound heat absorber is rectangle, circle or ellipticalness, triangle, rhombus and hexagon; The solid dielectric of ambient temperature heat sound radiator and elevated temperature heat sound heat absorber is the solid material of good thermal conductivity;
Acoustic impedance regulator in sound wave primary feedback regulating loop 8 that the acoustic waveguide tube of described band acoustic impedance regulator or acoustic waveguide tube group are formed and the sound wave time feedback regulation loop 9 is acoustic resistance regulator, acoustic capacitance regulator or phonoreception regulator or its combination, and the acoustic resistance regulator is a bit of pore pipe or a bit of porous medium or an aperture modulating valve or its combination; The acoustic capacitance regulator is a cavity that is positioned on the passage; The one section slender pipeline of acoustic(al) inertance regulator on the sound passage, connecting;
Described sound wave time feedback regulation loop 9 is made of the acoustic waveguide tube of band acoustic impedance regulator, is one the tunnel, two-way or multichannel;
When the relative position between thermal acoustic regenerator 2 and the hot acoustic resonance pipe 5 is coaxial arrangement, acoustic impedance regulator in the sound wave time feedback regulation loop 9 is, two or more aperture on the common wall of thermal acoustic regenerator and hot acoustic resonance pipe, or with this common wall employing or be made into porous wall;
Described sound wave primary feedback regulating loop 8 is substituted by a loudspeaker; Its loudspeaker is for being converted to electric energy, mechanical energy, pressure the parts of acoustic energy, the piston type, diaphragm type, the air-stream type loudspeaker that comprise motor driving or Electromagnetic Drive, the energy that drives loudspeaker is provided or by microphone acoustic energy is changed the part of next energy by the external world.
Thermoacoustic engine among Fig. 1, utilize the hot device 2 of heat sound of the capable ripple of sound field and the thermic sound effect work that standing wave partly produces simultaneously, will be by hot partly the be converted into acoustic energy of elevated temperature heat sound heat absorber 3 from the high temperature heat source absorption of outside, another part is emitted to the low ambient temperature thermal source by heat sound radiator 1.Work in the acoustic waveguide tube 4 realization elevated temperature heat sound heat absorbers 3 of temperature end and being connected of hot acoustic resonance pipe 5, hot acoustic resonance pipe 5 is used for acoustic wave energy is propagated into the ambient temperature end by high temperature, acoustic energy is converted to meritorious energy outputs such as electric energy, mechanical energy, pressure energy for utilizing (also can directly export acoustic energy work heat loudspeaker uses) by acoustic waveguide tube 6 by microphone 7 again.The acoustic waveguide tube 8 of band acoustic impedance regulator is used to form the primary feedback regulating loop of sound wave, to regulate sound field and the coupling acoustic impedance in the thermal acoustic regenerator 2, makes each hot part spare be operated in kilter.The length of whole main feedback loop and the selection of impedance should make that wherein capable wave line of propagation is to flow to thermal acoustic regenerator one end, and make system works in the optimum state.The acoustic waveguide tube of band acoustic impedance regulator or conduit set 9 are used for being connected of thermal acoustic regenerator 2 and hot acoustic resonance pipe 5 neutral positions, form the inferior feedback regulation loop of one or more sound wave, so that the working efficiency of thermal acoustic regenerator obtains the performance of the best.Acoustic waveguide tube 6 is used for the impedance of compatible termini acoustic impedance and microphone 7, and makes the low-temperature end of hot acoustic resonance pipe 5 work in the zone of hanging down the acoustic conductivity ratio, so that acoustic energy is able to conversion and system's proper functioning smoothly.The length of whole thermoacoustic engine should approximate the half-wavelength of sound wave or greater than the quarter wavelength of sound wave with less than the half-wavelength of sound wave, to guarantee in thermal acoustic regenerator, the phase place of sound field speed fluctuation is ahead of the phase place of pressure surge, the capable ripple part of sound field and the thermoacoustic effect that standing wave partly produces all are to produce the thermic sound effect, and being about to thermal power transfer is acoustic energy.
Thermoacoustic engine among Fig. 2, it is structure with sound wave main feedback loop 8 in loudspeaker 10 alternate figures 1, acoustic waveguide tube 11 is used to mate the acoustic impedance of heat sound radiator and the impedance of loudspeaker 10, make in loudspeaker 10 mechanical energy etc. be converted to acoustic energy smoothly, and make low-temperature thermoacoustic radiator 1 work in the zone of low acoustic conductivity ratio.In the loudspeaker 10 in the motion phase of fluid and the microphone 7 motion phase of fluid should coordinate, the selection of this phase place should assurance sound merit stream be to pass through hot device 2 and hot acoustic resonance pipe 5 to microphone 7 in system by loudspeaker 10, and make whole system be operated in the optimum state.The effect of other parts is identical with the effect of corresponding part in Fig. 1 structure among the figure.In this structure, the energy microphone 7 that drives loudspeaker 10 work provides.Here, whole thermoacoustic engine from speaker sound to the length of sound absorption device equal or approximately less than the half-wavelength of sound wave, to guarantee that in thermal acoustic regenerator the capable ripple part of sound field and the thermoacoustic effect that standing wave partly produces all produce the thermic sound effect, are acoustic energy with thermal power transfer.
Thermal acoustic regenerator and hot acoustic resonance pipe in same warm area work in the thermoacoustic engine of above indication can be made into coaxial configuration, to increase the compactedness of device.
Claims (10)
1. thermoacoustic engine, comprise ambient temperature heat sound radiator, thermal acoustic regenerator, elevated temperature heat sound heat absorber, the high temperature acoustic waveguide tube, hot acoustic resonance pipe, the ambient temperature acoustic waveguide tube, microphone, it is characterized in that: also comprise the acoustic waveguide tube of band acoustic impedance regulator or sound wave primary feedback regulating loop and the sound wave time feedback regulation loop that the acoustic waveguide tube group is formed, ambient temperature heat sound radiator and elevated temperature heat sound heat absorber lay respectively at the low temperature and the temperature end of thermal acoustic regenerator, high temperature acoustic waveguide tube two ends connect elevated temperature heat sound heat absorber and hot acoustic resonance pipe respectively, the other end of hot acoustic resonance pipe connects microphone by the ambient temperature acoustic waveguide tube, the one end JA(junction ambient) temperature heat sound radiator of the sound wave primary feedback regulating loop that the acoustic waveguide tube of band acoustic impedance regulator or acoustic waveguide tube group are formed, the other end is connected on the ambient temperature acoustic waveguide tube between hot acoustic resonance pipe and the microphone, and sound wave time feedback regulation loop connects thermal acoustic regenerator and hot acoustic resonance pipe; Sound field in the thermoacoustic engine is the nearly resonance sound field of half-wave resonance sound field or half-wave, and its length is about the half-wavelength of sound wave or between quarter wavelength and half-wavelength; In thermal acoustic regenerator, the phase place of working fluid speed fluctuation is ahead of the phase place of pressure surge, and the capable ripple part of sound field and the thermoacoustic effect that standing wave partly produces all are thermic sound effects; The two ends of hot acoustic resonance pipe are in high temperature and ambient temperature respectively, and the part of the acoustic energy flow that is produced by thermal acoustic regenerator feeds back to thermal acoustic regenerator by the primary feedback regulating loop of sound wave, forms a capable ripple acoustic energy flow that runs through whole thermal acoustic regenerator.
2. by the described thermoacoustic engine of claim 1, it is characterized in that: microphone be with acoustic energy be converted to the electromagnetic oscillations formula microphone of electric energy or generator, with acoustic energy be converted to mechanical energy the reciprocating piston type microphone, with acoustic energy be converted to pressure can compressor valve plate group or electromagnetic valve group or rotary valve group.
3. by the described thermoacoustic engine of claim 1, it is characterized in that: high temperature acoustic waveguide tube, thermal acoustic regenerator, hot acoustic resonance pipe and ambient temperature acoustic waveguide tube are made by metal tube or nonmetallic pipe, and the layout shape of its axis has lineal shape, U-shaped, crooked shape, the crooked shape of part; Relative position between thermal acoustic regenerator and the hot acoustic resonance pipe is coaxial or non-coaxial arrangement.
4. by the described phonomotor of claim 1, the structure that it is characterized in that thermal acoustic regenerator inside is porosity acoustic streaming road or solid porous material, the porosity acoustic streaming road of granular material formation or the combination of above three class formations that forms the solid thin plate laminated construction in acoustic streaming road between plate and the plate or pile up formation for wire gaze; Thermal acoustic regenerator is a straight tube or from the varying cross-section duct of low-temperature end to temperature end expansion, its expanded form is tubaeform continuous expansion or the expansion of trapezoidal cascade; Thermal acoustic regenerator and outer thermal source thermal insulation.
5. by the described thermoacoustic engine of claim 1, it is characterized in that: hot acoustic resonance pipe is the relatively poor pipeline of axial thermal conductivity, and its two ends are provided with or are not provided with the high and low warm sound heat exchanger of keeping the two ends temperature constant; The material of hot acoustic resonance pipe is that thin metallic tubd or nonmetallic pipe or outer wall are nonmetallic compound thin walled tube for the metal inner surface face; The sectional shape of hot acoustic resonance pipe is straight tube or the varying cross-section duct that shrinks to low-temperature end from temperature end, and its shrink form is that tubaeform continuous contraction or trapezoidal cascade are shunk; Fill in the pipe of hot acoustic resonance pipe or partially filled or do not fill heat sound regenerative material; The two ends of hot acoustic resonance pipe are provided with or are not provided with the laminarization element.
6. by the described thermoacoustic engine of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the internal structure of hot radiator of ambient temperature and elevated temperature heat sound heat absorber is the laminated construction of the good solid plate of employing thermal conductivity, forms between plate and the plate to process the structure of the passage of speaking in acoustic streaming road or employing solid circular tube group or the monoblock solid or adopt wire gaze, solid porous material to pile up formation porosity acoustic streaming road; The acoustic streaming road shape of ambient temperature heat sound radiator and elevated temperature heat sound heat absorber is rectangle, circle or ellipticalness, triangle, rhombus and hexagon; The solid dielectric of ambient temperature heat sound radiator and elevated temperature heat sound heat absorber is the solid material of good thermal conductivity.
7. by the described thermoacoustic engine of claim 1, it is characterized in that: sound wave primary feedback regulating loop that the acoustic waveguide tube of band acoustic impedance regulator or acoustic waveguide tube group are formed and the acoustic impedance regulator in the sound wave time feedback regulation loop are acoustic resistance regulator, acoustic capacitance regulator or phonoreception regulator or its combination, and the acoustic resistance regulator is a bit of pore pipe or a bit of porous medium or an aperture modulating valve or its combination; The acoustic capacitance regulator is a cavity that is positioned on the passage; The one section slender pipeline of acoustic(al) inertance regulator on the sound passage, connecting.
8. by the described thermoacoustic engine of claim 1, it is characterized in that: sound wave time feedback regulation loop is made of the acoustic waveguide tube of band acoustic impedance regulator, is one the tunnel, two-way or multichannel.
9. by the described thermoacoustic engine of claim 1, it is characterized in that: when the relative position between thermal acoustic regenerator and the hot acoustic resonance pipe is coaxial arrangement, acoustic impedance regulator in the sound wave time feedback regulation loop is, two or more aperture on the common wall of thermal acoustic regenerator and hot acoustic resonance pipe, or with this common wall employing or be made into porous wall.
10. by the described thermoacoustic engine of claim 1, it is characterized in that: sound wave primary feedback regulating loop is substituted by a loudspeaker; Its loudspeaker is for being converted to electric energy, mechanical energy, pressure the parts of acoustic energy, the piston type, diaphragm type, the air-stream type loudspeaker that comprise motor driving or Electromagnetic Drive, the energy that drives loudspeaker is provided or by microphone acoustic energy is changed the part of next energy by the external world.
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| CN95105966A CN1064746C (en) | 1995-06-05 | 1995-06-05 | Thermoacoustic engine |
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| CN95105966A CN1064746C (en) | 1995-06-05 | 1995-06-05 | Thermoacoustic engine |
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| CN1137609A CN1137609A (en) | 1996-12-11 |
| CN1064746C true CN1064746C (en) | 2001-04-18 |
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| CN95105966A Expired - Fee Related CN1064746C (en) | 1995-06-05 | 1995-06-05 | Thermoacoustic engine |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN1328507C (en) * | 2004-09-10 | 2007-07-25 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | Coaxial thermoacoustic driving power generation system |
| CN101230471B (en) * | 2007-01-23 | 2010-07-14 | 中南大学 | Aluminum cell residual heat utilization thermo acoustic module device |
| CN101619714B (en) * | 2009-08-14 | 2011-01-05 | 深圳市中科力函热声技术工程研究中心有限公司 | Biomass thermal noise generating system |
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| CN100402844C (en) * | 2004-02-26 | 2008-07-16 | 浙江大学 | Double-feedback-loop mixing type traveling wave thermoacoustic engine with bypass structure |
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| CN1137609A (en) | 1996-12-11 |
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