CN106472490A - 一种热雾机用功能化助剂及其制备和使用方法 - Google Patents

一种热雾机用功能化助剂及其制备和使用方法 Download PDF

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CN106472490A
CN106472490A CN201610845990.8A CN201610845990A CN106472490A CN 106472490 A CN106472490 A CN 106472490A CN 201610845990 A CN201610845990 A CN 201610845990A CN 106472490 A CN106472490 A CN 106472490A
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苏贤岩
叶正和
丁克坚
程善闽
任学祥
陈莉
樊中臣
佟强
何薇薇
陈超
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Anhui Huifuqiang Agricultural Science And Technology Co ltd
Anhui Agricultural University AHAU
Institute of Plant Protection and Agricultural Products Quality Safety of AAAS
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Anhui Agricultural University AHAU
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A01N25/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
    • A01N25/30Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests characterised by the surfactants

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种热雾机用功能化助剂及其制备与使用方法,助剂中石蜡油质量百分比为75‑94.5%,表面活性剂质量百分比为5‑20%、热雾密度调节物质质量百分比为0.5‑5%。其制备方法为:将表面活性剂加入石蜡油,搅拌均匀后加入热雾密度调节物质,制备成油悬浮剂,过滤去除残渣,得成品。其使用方法为:将功能化助剂30~50 mL/667m2与乳油、水乳剂、悬乳剂、悬浮剂等剂型的杀菌剂或杀虫剂农药充分混匀,按300‑500mL/667m2补足水量制备乳状液,采用热雾机进行热雾施药防治作物病虫害。

Description

一种热雾机用功能化助剂及其制备和使用方法
技术领域
本发明涉及农药高效施用技术领域,具体是一种热雾机用功能化助剂及其制备和使用方法。
背景技术
近年来随着种植结构的调整和气候条件的变化,农作物病虫害日趋严重,常呈现突发性、暴发性和广泛性发生的特点。病虫害发生日趋严重,不仅造成了重大的产量损失,而且还会严重影响农产品的品质。同时,随着城镇化建设步伐的加快,农村劳动力资源呈现越来越缺乏趋势,传统的喷雾防治方法费工、费时,劳动强度高,因而农村现有的劳动力难以及时有效地进行农作物病虫害的大面积防治。普通喷雾器喷洒农药时到达作物叶片的仅为施药量的1/3左右,大多数都洒落到地面或空中,造成了极大的浪费。为保障农业安全、高产、优质生产,解决以上生产中的实际问题,近年来热雾施药技术得到了广泛的关注并已初步开始应用。传统的热雾施药技术多用于林木病虫害的防治,采用的发烟剂多为柴油等石油产品,在不经特殊处理的情况下,施药过程中热雾机喷出的热雾密度较低,容易向上层扩散进入大气,也容易随风逸散,从而导致农药利用率降低下,防效不稳定,并造成农药的漂移污染,同时柴油等石油产品中含有较多的芳香环,施药过程中对环境也存在着一定的风险。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种热雾机用功能化助剂及其制备和使用方法,采用石蜡油作为溶剂及使用过程中农药的载体和热雾指示剂,采用活化的纳米级矿物质超微粉作为粘度调节剂及热雾颗粒密度调节剂,筛选出适宜的表面活性剂组合乳化石蜡油,同时提高功能化助剂与商品农药的相容性并调节热雾颗粒直径,所制备的功能化助剂具有与商品农药相容性好、提高药效、减少污染、扩大热雾施药技术应用范围等优点。
本发明的技术方案为:
以石蜡油为载体,从凹凸棒土、白炭黑、高岭土,有机膨润土等活化的纳米级矿物质超微粉中优选热雾密度调节物质及其最佳用量,制备悬浮母液A。
以母液A为对象,采用高通量的方法筛选表面活性剂组合及聚硅氧烷消泡剂,制备以石蜡油为载体的热雾密度调节物质油悬浮剂B,并以油悬浮剂的各项质量指标考察其性能。
以油悬浮剂B为基础,与多种乳油、水乳剂、悬乳剂、悬浮剂等剂型的杀菌剂、杀虫剂进行反复的相容性试验及热雾扩散水平距离和垂直高度测定试验,优化表面活性剂组合、热雾密度调节物质组合及用量,最终得到发明产物。
本发明产物的制备方法:将最终优化适宜的表面活性剂,按配比准确称量,加入石蜡油,搅拌均匀后按比例准确加入筛选的热雾密度调节物质,制备成油悬浮剂,过滤去除残渣,得成品,并按油悬浮剂的各项指标考察产品质量。
本发明产物的使用方法:
1)本发明产物功能化助剂适用于乳油、水乳剂、悬乳剂、悬浮剂等液态农药制剂,采用热雾机进行热雾施药防治作物病虫害。
2)一般情况下功能化助剂用量为40mL/667m2,用于林果、玉米、甘蔗等高大作物时可减少至30mL/667m2,夏季高温用于水稻病虫害防治时可增加至60mL/667m2
3)将功能化助剂与选用的农药充分混匀,按300-500mL/667m2补足水量制备乳状液(选用的农药为乳油或其他油性产品时先加入少量水充分搅拌至稀糊状),采用热雾机进行热雾施药防治作物病虫害。
本发明的优点:
1、本发明产物采用石蜡油作为溶剂,在使用过程中石蜡油作为农药扩散载体和热雾扩散指示剂,与以往的柴油等石油产品类发烟剂相比,本发明产物在使用过程中几乎不含芳烃,无毒副作用,产品更环保。因而,本发明产物不仅可以与农药配伍用于大田农作物病虫害的防治,也可以广泛应用于蔬菜大棚等设施农业病虫防治。
2、本发明产物采用经活化的纳米级矿物质超微粉作为产品粘度调节剂和使用过程中的热雾颗粒密度调节剂,不仅保障了产品在生产和储运过程中的稳定性,而且在使用过程中,热雾机喷出的气化物通过喷管进入大气形成热雾时,超微粉成为含药热雾微粒的核,增大含药热雾微粒的密度,从而有效减少含药热雾微粒的飘逸,提高农药的利用率,提高对作物病虫害的防效。
3、本发明产物在研发过程中同时考察产品自身的乳化、分散性能及其与多种剂型和品种的杀菌剂、杀虫剂的相容性,通过系统、反复的筛选和优化确定适宜的表面活性剂组合,不仅对热雾密度调节物质与石蜡油组成的油悬浮体系具有良好的乳化作用,与目前市场上多种常用的液态农药制剂也具有广泛的相容性,使用过程中还具有调节热雾微粒粒径的作用。
4、本发明产物由石蜡油、活化的纳米级矿物质超微粉及适宜的表面活性剂组合构成。石蜡油为直链烃矿物油产品,不含芳香环,安全环保,筛选的表面活性剂组合对石蜡油具有良好的乳化作用,用于设施农业时,由于选用了适宜的表面活性剂组合,石蜡油在作为农药扩散载体形成的烟雾不粘棚膜,对棚膜的透光率影响小,施药前后棚膜透光率基本不变,而使用常规的热雾剂后,棚膜沾灰沾油现象严重、棚膜透光率下降17%以上。因此,与使用常规热雾剂相比,棚膜可以重复多次使用,不仅提高药效,同时还能大幅降低生产成本。适宜的表面活性剂组合不仅乳化石蜡油,提高功能化助剂与农药产品的相容稳定性,在热雾形成时还能有效调节含药微粒粒径及表面张力,使含药微粒粒径控制在30~50微米范围内,与热雾密度调节剂相配合,增大微粒密度,使其更易于吸附在作物叶片表面,有效减少含药微粒的逸散。
综上,本发明产物绿色环保、提高药效、与商品农药相容性好,能广泛应用于设施农业,减少棚膜沾灰沾油,保持棚膜清洁和透光率,延长棚膜使用寿命,进一步扩大了热雾施药技术的应用范围。
具体实施方式
实施例1
原料配方:按质量百分比:
制备方法:
将表面活性剂按配比准确称量,加入到石蜡油中,搅拌均匀后加入热雾密度调节物质,制备成油悬浮剂,过滤去除残渣,得成品。
实施例2
原料配方:按质量百分比
制备方法及使用方法同实施例1。
实施例3
原料配方:按质量百分比
制备方法及使用方法同实施例1。
实施例4
制备方法及使用方法同实施例1。
实施例5
原料配方:按质量百分比
制备方法及使用方法同实施例1。
实施例6
原料配方:按质量百分比
制备方法及使用方法同实施例1。
本实施例适用于目前市场上多数液态农药制剂,按照本发明中功能化助剂的使用方法配合商品农药进行热雾施药,防治效果明显提高,在大棚中施药后对棚膜透光率无明显影响。各实施例均按40mL/667m2的用量,分别与25%己唑醇SC、10%溴氰虫酰胺OD、24%腈苯唑SC、240g/L虫螨腈SC、25%戊唑醇EW、1.8%阿维菌素EC、40%多·戊SC、45%毒死蜱EC、25%咪鲜胺EC、30%唑虫酰胺SC、10%氟硅唑EW、40%辛硫磷EC等农药制剂配合进行田间热雾施药效果验证,亩施用药液量为500mL。试验结果表明,使用本发明产物采用热雾机进行药剂防治,其防治效果较常规防治均提高6%以上,最高能提高防效13%,在大棚中施药后对棚膜透光率没有明显的影响,结果见附表1。
附表1 热雾机用功能化助剂与农药制剂配合防治作物病虫害效果表

Claims (7)

1.一种热雾机用功能化助剂及其制备与使用方法,其特征在于:功能化助剂中石蜡油质量百分比为75-94.5%,热雾密度调节物质质量百分比为0.5-5%、表面活性剂质量百分比为5-20%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的功能化助剂,其特征在于:所述的石蜡油中石蜡含量在90%以上,石蜡碳原子数为12-36;所述的石蜡油在功能化助剂中作为溶剂,在使用过程中作为农药载体和热雾指示剂。
3.根据权利要求1所述的功能化助剂,其特征在于:所述的热雾密度调节物质为活化的纳米级凹凸棒土超微粉、白炭黑超微粉、高岭土超微粉、有机膨润土超微粉中的一种或几种;所述的热雾密度调节物质在功能化助剂中作为增稠剂,在使用过程中作为热雾颗粒密度调节剂。
4.根据权利要求1所述的功能化助剂,其特征在于:所述的表面活性剂为脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚、蓖麻油聚氧乙烯醚、EO-PO 嵌段共聚物、聚醚、琥珀酸脂磺酸钠、十二烷基苯磺酸钙中的一种或几种;所述的表面活性剂在功能化助剂中作为石蜡油的乳化剂,在使用中提高助剂与农药制剂的相容性并调节热雾颗粒直径。
5.根据权利要求1-4所述的功能化助剂,其制备方法为:将表面活性剂加入石蜡油,搅拌均匀后加入热雾密度调节物质,制备成油悬浮剂,过滤去除残渣,得成品。
6.根据权利要求1-5所述的功能化助剂,可配伍农药采用热雾机防治中、高杆作物及设施农业病虫害,用于设施农业病虫害防治时不粘膜,对棚膜透光率和使用寿命影响小。
7.根据权利要求1-6所述的功能化助剂,其使用方法为:助剂与乳油、水乳剂、悬乳剂、悬浮剂等剂型的杀菌剂或杀虫剂配合,采用热雾机进行热雾施药防治作物病虫害;一般情况下功能化助剂用量为40mL/667m2,用于林果、玉米、甘蔗等高大作物时可减少至30mL/667m2,将功能化助剂与选用的农药充分混匀,按300-500mL/667m2补足水量制备乳状液,采用热雾机进行热雾施药防治作物病虫害。
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CN109566303A (zh) * 2019-01-09 2019-04-05 安徽省农业科学院烟草研究所 一种夏玉米超高产栽培的方法

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