CN106469245B - Annual radiation dose calculation method and system for liquid radioactive substances of nuclear power plant - Google Patents
Annual radiation dose calculation method and system for liquid radioactive substances of nuclear power plant Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a system for calculating radiation dose of liquid radioactive substances in a nuclear power plant, and belongs to the technical field of nuclear power plant radiation environment influence assessment. The method comprises the following steps: collecting source data of an area to be evaluated, wherein the source data is used for calculating the annual effective radiation dose of liquid-state path radioactive nuclides in a normal working condition of a nuclear power plant; calculating the annual radiation dose of the radionuclide in the liquid discharge route to the public according to the source data; according to the annual effective dose and the number of residents of the liquid radionuclide to the public, the collective annual effective dose of the liquid radionuclide to the public is calculated. By the method and the system provided by the invention, the personal and collective annual effective radiation dose of the public in each subarea within the range of 80km around the liquid radioactive pollutant emission point of the nuclear power plant site can be calculated, and the requirement of evaluating the influence of the liquid emission path on the annual radiation dose generated by the public around the coastal nuclear power plant during normal operation is met.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of nuclear power plant radiation environment influence assessment, in particular to a method and a system for calculating annual radiation dose of a coastal nuclear power plant liquid radioactive substance discharge path.
Background
In order to improve the scientificity of nuclear radiation environment quality evaluation work, improve the environment quality and ensure the radiation safety of the public, the national environmental protection agency issues the national standard GB11215-89 general regulations on nuclear radiation environment quality evaluation, which stipulate the general principle of nuclear radiation environment evaluation and the technical regulations to be followed.
According to the requirements of the above-mentioned national standards, the publicly accepted dose in the range of 80km around the power station due to the radioactive substance release needs to be calculated and evaluated during the operation of the nuclear power plant. The invention provides a method and a system for calculating the radiation dose of liquid radionuclide of a nuclear power plant, which aim to meet the requirements, and the method and the system adopt a transmission, diffusion and deposition mode and a public radiation dose calculation mode of radioactive substances suitable for site characteristics in surrounding water bodies according to the emission of radioactive substances during the normal operation of the nuclear power plant, site environment characteristics, public living habits, food chains and other parameters, calculate the personal effective dose and collective effective dose received by the public in each subregion within the surrounding 80km range, and perform calculation analysis and evaluation on key resident groups, key irradiation ways and key nuclides so as to meet the requirement of developing the evaluation of the radiation influence generated by the public in the normal operation of the nuclear power plant.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method and a system for calculating the annual radiation dose of a liquid radioactive substance of a nuclear power plant, and the method and the system can be used for calculating the personal and collective annual effective radiation dose received by the public in each subregion within the range of 80km around the discharge point of the liquid radioactive pollutant.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for calculating annual radiation dose of liquid radioactive substances in a nuclear power plant comprises the following steps:
(1) acquiring source data of an area to be evaluated, wherein the source data is used for calculating the annual effective radiation dose of the liquid radionuclide of the nuclear power plant;
the source data comprises annual liquid radionuclide monitoring data, hydrologic monitoring data of the susceptance area, regional fixed parameters and mode parameters of the liquid radionuclide; the region fixed parameters comprise effective dose conversion factors of the liquid radionuclides, resident information in the region to be evaluated and life habit data of the resident information; the mode parameters of the liquid radionuclide comprise a dilution factor of the liquid radionuclide in seawater, a concentration factor in marine products, related radiation parameters in a receiving sea area, and a marine product recipe of residents and activity parameters in the receiving sea area;
(2) calculating an annual effective radiation dose D of the liquid radionuclide to public individuals in the region to be evaluated from the source dataeThe calculation formula is as follows:
De＝Dep+Des+Dew
wherein D isepMeans the effective annual exposure dose to the public, due to the seafood being eaten in the receiving sea area, DesRepresenting the effective external radiation dose of the liquid radionuclide deposited on the shore of the receiving sea area to the shore deposition year caused by the public individuals, DewIndicates due to being subjected toAnnual effective external exposure doses for public individuals caused by the activity in the nano-sea area;
(3) according to the annual effective radiation dose of the liquid radionuclide to the public and the number of residents in the area to be evaluated, the annual effective radiation dose D of the liquid radionuclide to the public collective in the area to be evaluated is calculated, and the calculation formula is as follows:
D＝De×P
where p represents the number of public population in the area to be assessed.
Further, in the method for calculating the annual radiation dose of the liquid radioactive substance in the nuclear power plant, in the step (2), the annual effective radiation dose D caused by the liquid radionuclide to the public individuals in the region to be evaluated is calculated according to the source dataeThe specific mode is as follows:
1) dividing a region to be evaluated into n sub-regions according to the distance and the orientation of the nuclear power plant site;
2) calculating the annual effective radiation dose of the liquid radionuclide to public individuals in each subarea, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
Dek＝Depk+Desk+Dewk
wherein D isekRepresents the annual effective radiation dose of the liquid radionuclide to the public in the kth subregion, DepkRepresenting the annual effective internal radiation dose of the public in the kth subregion, DeskIndicating the effective external radiation dose of the liquid radionuclide deposited on the shore of the receiving sea area for the shore deposition year caused by the public individuals in the kth subregionewkRepresents the annual effective exposure dose caused by the activity of public individuals in the k-th subregion in the receiving sea area;
in the step (3), the specific mode of calculating the annual effective radiation dose D caused by the liquid radionuclide to the public collective of the region to be evaluated is as follows: calculating the annual effective radiation dose of the liquid radionuclide to the public collective of each subregion, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
Dk＝Dek×Pk
wherein D iskRepresenting the annual effective radiation dose, P, of the liquid radionuclide to the public collective k-th sub-zonekRepresenting the number of public population in the kth sub-zone.
Further, according to the method for calculating the annual radiation dose of the liquid radioactive substance in the nuclear power plant, in the step (2), the annual effective internal radiation dose D caused by eating the marine product by the public individuals in the kth sub-areaepkEqual to the sum of the annual effective exposure doses of various marine products eaten by public individuals in the kth subregion;
the exposure dose in the annual effective period of time for the result of the consumption of seafood p by public individuals in the kth subregion is calculated as:
calculating the concentration of each liquid radionuclide in the seawater, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
Cwi＝3.17×10-8×Qi×q-1×Ci
wherein, CwiRepresenting the concentration of the liquid radionuclide i in the seawater;
Qirepresents the annual average release rate of the liquid radionuclide i;
q represents the flow rate discharged from the liquid path;
Cia dilution factor representing the liquid radionuclide i in seawater;
secondly, calculating the concentration of each liquid radionuclide in the marine products, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
Cpi＝Cwi×Bpi
wherein, CpiRepresenting the concentration of the liquid radionuclide i in the seafood p;
Bpiconcentration factors representing the liquid radionuclide i in the seafood p;
calculating annual effective internal radiation dose D caused by eating marine products p by public individuals in kth subregioneppkThe calculation formula is as follows:
wherein, UpRepresents the consumption of seafood p by public individuals in the kth subregion;
λirepresenting the decay coefficient of the liquid radionuclide i;
tprepresenting the time interval from fishing to consumption of seafood p;
DFeiit represents an effective dose conversion factor of the liquid radionuclide i to the public by eating the marine product p.
Further, according to the annual radiation dose calculation method for the liquid radioactive substance of the nuclear power plant, in the step (2), the liquid radioactive nuclide is deposited on the bank of the receiving sea area, and the bank-edge deposition annual effective external radiation dose D is caused by public individuals in the kth sub-areaeskThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
Cwsirepresenting the concentration of liquid radionuclide i in the seawater on the shore;
Kdirepresents the adsorption distribution coefficient of the liquid radionuclide i;
w represents a bank width factor;
DS represents the effective deposition density;
OF represents the shore-side residence factor OF public individuals in the kth sub-zone or the share OF time spent shore-side within one year by public individuals in the kth sub-zone;
DFsirepresenting the effective dose conversion factor of the liquid radionuclide i in the shore deposit to the public.
Further, according to the annual radiation dose calculation method for the liquid radioactive substance in the nuclear power plant, in the step (2), the annual effective external radiation dose D caused by the activities of the public individuals in the k-th sub-area in the receiving sea areaewkThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein, CwiRepresenting the concentration of the liquid radionuclide i in the seawater;
Up1、Up2respectively representing the time share of the public individuals in the kth subregion in swimming and water activities in one year in the seawater;
λwirepresenting the decay constant of the liquid radionuclide i,
twrepresenting the time spent in transferring the liquid radionuclide i;
DFwirepresents an effective dose conversion factor of the radionuclide i to public individuals during seawater activity.
The embodiment of the invention also provides an annual radiation dose calculation system for the liquid radioactive substances in the nuclear power plant, which comprises the following components:
the source data collection subsystem is used for collecting source data of an area to be evaluated, wherein the source data is used for calculating the annual effective radiation dose of the liquid radionuclide of the nuclear power plant;
the source data comprises annual liquid radionuclide monitoring data, hydrologic monitoring data of the susceptance area, regional fixed parameters and mode parameters of the liquid radionuclide; the region fixed parameters comprise effective dose conversion factors of the liquid radionuclides, resident information in the region to be evaluated and life habit data of the resident information; the mode parameters of the liquid radionuclide comprise a dilution factor of the liquid radionuclide in seawater, a concentration factor in marine products, related radiation parameters in a receiving sea area, and a marine product recipe of residents and activity parameters in the receiving sea area;
an individual annual effective radiation dosimeter operator system for calculating the annual effective radiation dose D caused by the liquid radionuclide to the public individuals in the region to be evaluated according to the source dataeThe calculation formula is as follows:
De＝Dep+Des+Dew
wherein D isepMeans the effective annual exposure dose to the public, due to the seafood being eaten in the receiving sea area, DesIndicating liquid radionuclide depositionEffective external radiation dose to shoreside deposited years by public individuals on the shore of the receiving sea area, DewRepresents an annual effective external exposure dose to public individuals due to activity in the receiving sea area;
the operator system of the collective annual effective radiation dosimeter is used for calculating the effective radiation dose D of the liquid radionuclide to the public collective according to the annual effective radiation dose of the liquid radionuclide to the public individuals and the number of residents in the area to be evaluated, and the calculation formula is as follows:
D＝De×P
where p represents the number of public population in the area to be assessed.
Further, an annual radiation dose calculation system for liquid radioactive substances in nuclear power plants as described above, said personal annual effective radiation dose operator system comprising:
the sub-area dividing module is used for dividing the area to be evaluated into n sub-areas according to the distance and the direction of the nuclear power plant site;
the sub-region personal annual radiation dose calculation module is used for calculating the annual effective radiation dose of the liquid radionuclide to public individuals in each sub-region, and the calculation formula is as follows:
Dek＝Depk+Desk+Dewk
wherein D isekRepresents the annual effective radiation dose of the liquid radionuclide to the public in the kth subregion, DepkRepresenting the annual effective internal radiation dose of the public in the kth subregion, DeskIndicating the effective external radiation dose of the liquid radionuclide deposited on the shore of the receiving sea area for the shore deposition year caused by the public individuals in the kth subregionewkRepresents the annual effective exposure dose caused by the activity of public individuals in the k-th subregion in the receiving sea area;
the collective annual effective radiation dosimeter operator system comprising:
a sub-region collective annual radiation dose calculation module for calculating the annual effective radiation dose D caused by the liquid radionuclide to the public collective of each sub-regionkThe calculation formula is as follows:
Dk＝Dek×Pk
wherein D iskRepresenting the annual effective radiation dose, P, of the liquid radionuclide to the public collective k-th sub-zonekRepresenting the number of public population in the kth sub-zone.
Further, as described above, the annual radiation dose calculation system for liquid radioactive materials in a nuclear power plant, the sub-area personal annual radiation dose calculation module includes:
a sub-region internal radiation dose calculation unit for calculating the annual effective internal radiation dose D of the public individuals in the kth sub-region due to eating the marine productsepk(ii) a Annual effective internal dose D due to ingestion of seafood by public individuals in the kth subregionepkEqual to the sum of the annual effective exposure doses of various marine products eaten by public individuals in the kth subregion;
the annual effective exposure dose for the public individuals in the kth subregion, due to the consumption of seafood p, is calculated as:
calculating the concentration of each liquid radionuclide in the seawater, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
Cwi＝3.17×10-8×Qi×q-1×Ci
wherein, CwiRepresenting the concentration of the liquid radionuclide i in the seawater;
Qirepresents the annual average release rate of the liquid radionuclide i;
q represents the flux of the liquid radionuclide;
Cia dilution factor representing the liquid radionuclide i in seawater;
secondly, calculating the concentration of each liquid radionuclide in the marine products, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
Cpi＝Cwi×Bpi
wherein, CpiRepresenting the concentration of the liquid radionuclide i in the seafood p;
Bpiindicating liquid radiation in the seafood pConcentration factor of a radionuclide i;
calculating annual effective internal radiation dose D caused by eating marine product p by public individuals in kth subregioneppkThe calculation formula is as follows:
wherein, UpRepresents the consumption amount of the marine product p of the public person in the kth subregion;
λirepresenting the decay coefficient of the liquid radionuclide i;
tprepresenting the time interval from fishing to consumption of seafood p;
DFeiit represents an effective dose conversion factor of the liquid radionuclide i to the public by eating the marine product p.
Further, as described above, the annual radiation dose calculation system for liquid radioactive materials in a nuclear power plant, the sub-area personal annual radiation dose calculation module includes:
a sub-region bank deposit external radiation calculating unit for calculating bank deposit annual effective external radiation dose D caused by liquid radionuclide depositing on the bank of the receiving sea area to the public in the kth sub-regioneskThe calculation formula is as follows:
wherein, CwsiRepresenting the concentration of liquid radionuclide i in the seawater on the shore;
Kdirepresents the adsorption distribution coefficient of the liquid radionuclide i;
w represents a bank width factor;
DS represents the effective deposition density;
OF represents the residence factor OF the public person on the bank OF the kth sub-zone or the share OF time spent by the public person on the bank OF the kth sub-zone within one year;
DFsiin shoreside sedimentsAn effective dose conversion factor for the liquid radionuclide i.
Further, as described above, the annual radiation dose calculation system for liquid radioactive materials in a nuclear power plant, the sub-area personal annual radiation dose calculation module includes:
a sub-area activity external irradiation calculation unit for calculating the annual effective external irradiation dose D caused by the activity of public individuals in the receiving sea area of the kth sub-areaewkThe calculation formula is as follows:
wherein, CwiRepresenting the concentration of the liquid radionuclide i in the seawater;
Up1、Up2respectively representing the time share of the public individuals of the k subareas in swimming and water activities in one year of the receiving sea area;
λwirepresenting the decay constant of the liquid radionuclide i,
twrepresenting the time spent in transferring the liquid radionuclide i;
DFwirepresents an effective dose conversion factor of the radionuclide i to public individuals during seawater activity.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method and the system provided by the invention can calculate the individual and collective year effective radiation dose of the public in each sub-area within 80km around the liquid radioactive pollutant discharge point, meet the requirement of developing the radiation influence evaluation on the surrounding public during the normal operation of a nuclear power plant, and can calculate, analyze and evaluate the influence of the liquid radioactive pollutant on the key resident groups in the area.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of an annual radiation dose calculation method for a liquid radioactive substance in a nuclear power plant according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a block diagram of an annual radiation dose calculation system for liquid radioactive substances in a nuclear power plant according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
Fig. 1 shows a flowchart of an annual radiation dose calculation method for a liquid radioactive substance in a nuclear power plant, which may include the following steps:
step S100: collecting source data related to annual effective radiation dose estimation of liquid radionuclide in a nuclear power plant in an area to be evaluated;
in this embodiment, the area to be evaluated is an area covered by a circle drawn by taking a radioactive pollutant emission point of a nuclear power plant as a center and taking 80KM as a radius, that is, an area range specified in the national standard GB11215-89 where the release of radioactive substances is required to calculate and evaluate the annual effective radiation dose caused by the public.
The source data comprises annual liquid radionuclide monitoring data of the nuclear power plant, hydrologic monitoring data of the susceptance area, regional fixed parameters and mode parameters of the liquid radionuclide; the region fixed parameters comprise effective dose conversion factors of the liquid radionuclides, resident information in the region to be evaluated and life habit data of the resident information; the model parameters of the liquid radionuclide include a dilution factor of the liquid radionuclide in seawater, a concentration factor in the marine product body, relevant radiation parameters in the receptive sea area (a dose conversion factor effective for the public by eating marine products, the liquid radionuclide in the marine product body, a dose conversion factor effective for the public by the liquid radionuclide in the marine product body on the shore, a dose conversion factor effective for the public by the liquid radionuclide in the marine product body when the residents are active in the receptive sea area, etc.), a marine product recipe (the consumption of personal marine products, the time interval from the fishing of marine products to the consumption of the residents, etc.) of the marine product, and activity parameters in the receptive sea area (the share of swimming and water activity time in the receptive sea area in a year).
Wherein the liquid radionuclide monitoring data is source item, quantity and composition of liquid radioactive pollutant released into environment by nuclear power station; the hydrological monitoring data of the receiving sea area comprise the area of the receiving sea area, the distances between different areas of the receiving water body and the nuclear power plant site discharge port and the like; the resident and the living habit data thereof comprise the number, age, occupation, living habit, recipe and the like of the resident.
In this embodiment, the following radiation paths of the liquid radionuclide to human in the process of dilution and diffusion in the storage water area are mainly considered:
ingestion of internal irradiation by marine organisms (collectively referred to as seafood) growing in the receiving sea area;
out-of-bank-deposit illumination caused by radioactive material deposited on the bank;
external irradiation while swimming, rowing and working on water in the receptive sea area.
Generally, liquid radionuclides in nuclear power plants are discharged into the sea area along with circulating cooling water, i.e., the receiving sea area is seawater, and since seawater cannot be used for agricultural irrigation and human and livestock drinking, the irradiation routes of food chains caused by drinking water and irrigation of agriculture and animal husbandry with radioactive contaminated water are not considered in radiation dose calculation.
Step S200: calculating an annual effective radiation dose of the liquid radionuclide to the public individual based on the source data;
in this embodiment, the annual effective radiation dose to public individuals includes an annual effective internal radiation dose to public individuals due to seafood eating in the recipient's sea area, a shore-deposited annual effective external radiation dose to public individuals due to liquid radionuclide deposition on shore, and an annual effective external radiation dose to public individuals due to activities in the recipient's sea area. The annual effective radiation dose of the liquid radionuclide to the public is equal to the sum of the above three annual effective radiation doses of each radionuclide to the public.
I.e. the annual effective dose D of the liquid radionuclide to the public individuals in the area to be evaluatedeThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
De＝Dep+Des+Dew
wherein，DepMeans the effective annual radiation dose to the public, due to the consumption of seafood in the receiving sea area, DesRepresenting the effective external radiation dose of the liquid radionuclide deposited on the shore of the receiving sea area to the public person caused by the shore deposition yearewRepresenting the annual effective external radiation dose to public individuals due to activity in the receiving sea.
In practice, when the nuclear power plant normally operates, liquid radioactive nuclides are discharged into a sea area, and under the action of seawater tide, the part of low-level wastewater is further diluted, and when effective radiation dose caused by a liquid approach is calculated, radiation parameters of sub-areas of a receiving sea area with different distances from a nuclear power plant site are also different, so that in order to better evaluate the effective radiation dose of the liquid radioactive nuclides to the sub-areas of the liquid radioactive nuclides in different receiving sea areas within the range of 80km of the nuclear power plant site, sub-areas of the receiving sea area of the area within the range of 80km of the nuclear power plant site are divided, and the annual effective radiation dose of the liquid radioactive nuclides in each sub-area to public individuals or groups is respectively calculated, so that the calculation result is closer to the actual situation.
In this embodiment, the method for calculating the annual effective radiation dose caused by the liquid radionuclide by partitioning the receiving sea area comprises the following steps:
1) dividing the nuclear power plant site into n sub-zones according to the distance and the direction of the nuclear power plant site; dividing the receiving sea area into sea areas according to the distance from the liquid radioactive substance discharge port, wherein the sea areas can be divided into a near sea area and a far sea area;
2) calculating the annual effective radiation dose of the liquid radionuclide to public individuals in each subarea, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
Dek＝Depk+Desk+Dewk
wherein D isekRepresents the annual effective radiation dose of the liquid radionuclide to the public in the kth subregion, DepkRepresenting the annual effective internal radiation dose of the public in the kth subregion, DeskIndicating deposition of liquid radionuclide on the susceptance seaEffective external radiation dose per year of bank deposition caused by public individuals in the kth sub-zone on the bank side, DewkRepresenting the annual effective exposure dose for public individuals in the kth subregion due to activity in the receiving sea area.
Following the three radiation doses Depk、Desk、DewkThe calculation methods of (a) and (b) are described separately.
(1) Annual effective internal dose D for the general public in the kth subregion due to the ingestion of seafood pairsepkEqual to the sum of the annual effective exposure doses of various marine products eaten by public individuals in the kth subregion;
the exposure dose in the annual effective period of time for the result of the consumption of seafood p by public individuals in the kth subregion is calculated as:
calculating the concentration of each liquid radionuclide in the seawater, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
Cwi＝3.17×10-8×Qi×q-1×Ci
wherein, CwiRepresents the concentration of liquid radionuclide i in seawater, unit Bq/m3；
QiRepresents the annual average release rate of the liquid radionuclide i, and has the unit Bq/a;
q represents the flow discharged by the liquid path in m3/s；
CiThe dilution factor of the liquid radionuclide i in the seawater is expressed, and is dimensionless;
3.17×10-8a conversion factor of a/s;
secondly, calculating the concentration of each liquid radionuclide in the marine products, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
Cpi＝Cwi×Bpi
wherein, CpiRepresents the concentration of the liquid radionuclide i in the marine product p in Bq/kg;
Bpirepresents the concentration factor of the liquid radionuclide i in the seafood p in m3/kg；
Calculating the public individual food-intake marine products of the kth subareaAnnual effective internal dose D due to product peppkThe calculation formula is as follows:
wherein, UpRepresents the consumption of seafood p by public individuals in the kth subregion in kg/a;
λirepresenting the decay coefficient of the liquid radionuclide i in h-1；
tpRepresents the time interval from fishing to consumption of the seafood p, in units of h;
DFeirepresents the effective dose conversion factor, unit Sv/Bq, of liquid radionuclide i to the public individual due to the ingestion of seafood p.
In this embodiment, assuming that all marine products eaten by residents within a radius of 80km from the site are from the sea within several kilometers of the site, the dilution factor of the radionuclide in the seawater of the receiving sea area is different from that of the nuclear power plant site by the dilution factor CiAs well as different. The dilution factor can be obtained from the results of digital model and physical model tests in the research report on the comprehensive analysis of the secondary engineering warm drainage and low-level wastewater of the nuclear power plant, which is completed by the research institute of water conservancy and hydropower science in China in 2009 at 5 months, the dilution factor of the marine radionuclide in a range of 5km from a plant site discharge port is 0.07, the dilution factor of the marine radionuclide in a range of 5km to 20km is 0.03, and the dilution factor of the marine radionuclide in a range of 20km to 80km is 0.001. In practical calculation, the dilution factor C of the liquid radionuclide i in the seawater of the receiving sea areaiAnd (4) carrying out value taking by combining the actual condition of the area to be evaluated and the result of the experiment.
In the present embodiment, for the sake of more convenient description,
represents the sum of the effective radiation dose caused by all liquid radionuclides in the marine product p eaten by the public,
i in (a) also represents the number of species of the liquid radionuclide, i.e.
Wherein m is the number of radionuclide species.
In actual calculation, since the concentration of the radionuclide in the sea area is different from the radionuclide discharge port, the irradiation dose D within the annual period of validity due to the ingestion of the marine product p by the public in the kth subregion is more suitable for the calculation resulteppkThen, the effective radiation dose per year of the public individuals in the sub-area due to the marine products p eaten in the near sea area and the effective radiation dose per year due to the marine products p eaten in the far sea area can be calculated respectively, and at this time, the calculation formula of the effective radiation dose per year can be written as follows:
Cpi is close to＝Cwi is close×Bpi
Cpi far away＝Cwi far×Bpi
Accordingly, in the formula Cpi is close toAnd Cpi far awayRespectively, the concentration of the liquid radionuclide i in the seafood p in the near and far waters, Cwi is closeAnd Cwi farRespectively represents the concentration U of the liquid radionuclide i in the sea water of the offshore area and the open sea areap is close toAnd Up far awayRespectively representing the consumption of seafood p in the offshore and open sea areas by the public in the kth subregion, tp is close toAnd tp far awayRespectively, the time intervals from fishing to consumption of the seafood p in the near and far waters.
(2) Effective external exposure dose D of liquid radionuclide deposited on the bank of receiving sea area to bank deposition year caused by public individuals in kth subregioneskIs calculated by the formula：
Wherein D iseskRepresenting the effective external radiation dose, in Sv/a, of shoreside deposition of liquid radionuclide by public individuals in the kth sub-zone from shoreside activity;
Cwsithe concentration of liquid radionuclide i in the seawater at the shore is expressed in Bq/m3；
KdiDenotes the adsorption partition coefficient of the liquid radionuclide i in m3/kg；
W represents a bank width factor and is dimensionless;
DS represents effective deposition density, unit kg/square meter;
OF represents the residence factor OF the public individuals in the kth subregion on the shore or the time share OF the public individuals in the kth subregion spent on the shore within one year, dimensionless;
DFsieffective dose conversion factor, unit (Sv m) for public individuals, of radionuclide i representing the liquid discharge pathway in the shoreside deposit3)/(Bq·a)。
Generally, the sea area where the nuclear power plant belongs is shallow in water depth and gentle in slope, and the seabed is basically fine sand or silt. The effective radiation dose of the shore deposits to the public in person needs to be considered. The distribution coefficients of the radioactive nuclides in the suspended matters and the precipitates can be obtained from adsorption distribution coefficients of four radioactive nuclides, namely Co-60, Cs-137, Cs-134 and Sr-90 in the suspended matters and the precipitates, which are provided by the Chinese radiation protection research institute and the Zhejiang water conservancy estuary coast research institute in 2011 and are shown in the experimental research and comprehensive analysis of adsorption, desorption, deposition and resuspension of the radioactive nuclides by silt, and the adsorption distribution coefficients of the radioactive nuclides which are not shown in the experiment are calculated to obtain recommended values in a nuclear safety technical document HAF-J0001. Of course, a set adsorption distribution coefficient may be used according to the actual data.
(3) Public individuals in the kth subregion are caused by activities in the receiving sea areaEffective external dose of radiation DewkThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein, CwiThe concentration of the liquid radionuclide i in the seawater is expressed in Bq/m;
Up1、Up2respectively represents the time share of the public individuals in the k sub-areas in swimming and water activities in one year in the seawater, and is dimensionless;
λwirepresents the decay constant of the liquid radionuclide i in h-1；
twThe time spent in the transfer of the liquid radionuclide i is expressed in unit h;
DFwirepresents the effective dose conversion factor unit (Sv.m) of the radionuclide i to public individuals during seawater activity3)/(Bq·a)。
Similarly, in actual calculation, the annual effective external exposure dose D of the public individuals in the kth sub-area due to activities in the receiving sea area is calculatedewkThe effective external irradiation dose per year, corresponding to C, caused by activities in the offshore and open sea areas can be calculated respectivelywiCan take C respectivelywi is closeAnd Cwi far。
Step S300: and calculating the annual effective radiation dose of the liquid radionuclide to the public group according to the annual effective radiation dose of the liquid radionuclide to the public individuals and the number of residents in the area to be evaluated.
After the annual effective radiation dose of the liquid radionuclide to the public individuals is completed, the annual effective radiation dose of the liquid radionuclide to the public collective can be calculated according to the number of residents in the area to be evaluated, wherein the annual effective radiation dose of the liquid radionuclide to the public collective is equal to the product of the annual effective radiation dose of the liquid radionuclide to the public collective and the number of the residents, namely the annual effective radiation dose D (D) of the liquid radionuclide to the public collectiveeX is P; wherein p represents the region to be evaluated withinThe number of public population.
After the area to be evaluated is sub-divided, the annual effective radiation dose D caused by the liquid radionuclide to the public collective is specifically as follows: calculating the annual effective radiation dose of the liquid radionuclide to the public collective of each subregion, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
Dk＝Dek×Pk
wherein D iskRepresenting the annual effective radiation dose, P, of the liquid radionuclide to the public collective k-th sub-zonekRepresenting the number of public population in the kth sub-zone.
The annual effective dose of the liquid radionuclide to the public collective over the entire area to be evaluated is then:
in the present embodiment, the annual effective radiation dose of the liquid radionuclide to the individual public and the annual effective radiation dose to the collective public are both annual effective radiation doses. The method is suitable for the evaluation and calculation of the annual effective radiation dose of the nuclear power plant under the normal working condition, such as the individual annual effective radiation dose and the collective annual effective radiation dose of the radionuclide discharged by a liquid way of the coastal nuclear power plant to the public within the range of 80km of the plant site radius.
After the calculation of the effective radiation dose of each year is completed, the calculation result and the intermediate quantity calculated in the calculation process can be drawn into a chart, for example, a nuclide concentration contour line, an effective radiation dose contour line map and the like on a GIS (geographic information system) can be drawn, the effective dose of each sub-zone public person, the effective dose of each nuclide to each sub-zone public person, the effective dose of each nuclide and various irradiation ways of the public person at a key point (selected according to needs), and the like can be visually displayed; the effective radiation dose or other parameters caused by some or all nuclides in the liquid radionuclide can also be selected, and the drawn chart can be directly used for compiling a nuclear power plant dosage evaluation report.
Corresponding to the method shown in fig. 1, the invention also provides a radiation dose calculation system for liquid radioactive materials in a nuclear power plant, which mainly comprises a source data acquisition subsystem 100, an individual annual effective radiation dose calculation subsystem 200 and a collective annual effective radiation dose operator system 300, as shown in fig. 2.
The source data acquisition subsystem 100 is used for acquiring source data related to annual effective radiation dose estimation of liquid radionuclides of the nuclear power plant in an area to be evaluated;
the source data comprises annual liquid radionuclide monitoring data of the nuclear power plant, hydrologic monitoring data of the susceptance area, regional fixed parameters and mode parameters of the liquid radionuclide; the region fixed parameters comprise effective dose conversion factors of the liquid radionuclides, resident information in the region to be evaluated and life habit data of the resident information; the mode parameters of the liquid radionuclide comprise a dilution factor of the liquid radionuclide in seawater, a concentration factor in marine products, related radiation parameters in a receiving sea area, and a marine product recipe of residents and activity parameters in the receiving sea area;
an individual annual effective radiation dose calculation subsystem 200 for calculating an annual effective radiation dose D caused by the liquid radionuclide to the public individuals in the region to be evaluated according to the source dataeThe calculation formula is as follows:
De＝Dep+Des+Dew
wherein D isepMeans the effective annual exposure dose to the public, due to the seafood being eaten in the receiving sea area, DesRepresenting the effective external radiation dose of the liquid radionuclide deposited on the shore of the receiving sea area to the shore deposition year caused by the public individuals, DewRepresents an annual effective external exposure dose to public individuals due to activity in the receiving sea area;
the operator system 300 of the collective annual effective radiation dosimeter is used for calculating the annual effective radiation dose D of the liquid radionuclide to the public collective according to the annual effective radiation dose of the liquid radionuclide to the public and the number of residents in the area to be evaluated, and the calculation formula is as follows:
D＝De×P
where p represents the number of public population in the area to be assessed.
In this embodiment, the personal annual effective radiation dose calculation subsystem 200 may further include:
the sub-area dividing module 201 is used for dividing the area to be evaluated into n sub-areas according to the distance and the orientation of the nuclear power plant site; dividing the receiving sea area into areas according to the distance from the liquid radioactive emission port;
a sub-region personal annual radiation dose calculation module 202, configured to calculate an annual effective radiation dose caused by the liquid radionuclide to public individuals in each sub-region, where the calculation formula is:
Dek＝Depk+Desk+Dewk
wherein D isekRepresents the annual effective radiation dose of the liquid radionuclide to the public in the kth subregion, DepkRepresenting the annual effective internal radiation dose of the public in the kth subregion, DeskIndicating the effective external radiation dose of the liquid radionuclide deposited on the shore of the receiving sea area for the shore deposition year caused by the public individuals in the kth subregionewkRepresents the annual effective exposure dose caused by the activity of public individuals in the k-th subregion in the receiving sea area;
at this time, the collective annual effective radiation dosimeter operator system 300 includes a sub-region collective annual radiation dose calculation module 301.
A sub-region collective annual radiation dose calculation module 301 for calculating the annual effective radiation dose D of the liquid radionuclide to the public collective of the sub-regionskThe calculation formula is as follows:
Dk＝Dek×Pk
wherein D iskRepresenting the annual effective radiation dose, P, of the liquid radionuclide to the public collective k-th sub-zonekRepresenting the number of public population in the kth sub-zone.
In this embodiment, the sub-region personal annual radiation dose calculation module 202 includes a sub-region annual radiation dose calculation unit, a sub-region bank deposition external radiation calculation unit, and a sub-region activity external radiation calculation unit.
A sub-region internal radiation dose calculation unit for calculating the annual effective internal radiation dose D of the public individuals in the kth sub-region due to eating the marine productsepk(ii) a Annual effective internal dose D due to ingestion of seafood by public individuals in the kth subregionepkEqual to the sum of the annual effective exposure doses of various marine products eaten by public individuals in the kth subregion;
the annual effective exposure dose for the public individuals in the kth subregion, due to the consumption of seafood p, is calculated as:
calculating the concentration of each liquid radionuclide in the seawater, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
Cwi＝3.17×10-8×Qi×q-1×Ci
wherein, CwiRepresenting the concentration of the liquid radionuclide i in the seawater;
Qirepresents the annual average release rate of the liquid radionuclide i;
q represents the flux of the liquid radionuclide;
Cia dilution factor representing the liquid radionuclide i in seawater;
secondly, calculating the concentration of each liquid radionuclide in the marine products, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
Cpi＝Cwi×Bpi
wherein, CpiRepresenting the concentration of the liquid radionuclide i in the seafood p;
Bpiconcentration factors representing the liquid radionuclide i in the seafood p;
calculating annual effective internal radiation dose D caused by eating marine product p by public individuals in kth subregioneppkThe calculation formula is as follows:
wherein, UpRepresents the consumption amount of the marine product p of the public person in the kth subregion;
λirepresenting the decay coefficient of the liquid radionuclide i;
tprepresenting the time interval from fishing to consumption of seafood p;
DFeiit represents an effective dose conversion factor of the liquid radionuclide i to the public by eating the marine product p.
A sub-region bank deposit external radiation calculating unit for calculating bank deposit annual effective external radiation dose D caused by liquid radionuclide depositing on the bank of the receiving sea area to the public in the kth sub-regioneskThe calculation formula is as follows:
wherein, CwsiRepresenting the concentration of liquid radionuclide i in the seawater on the shore;
Kdirepresents the adsorption distribution coefficient of the liquid radionuclide i;
w represents a bank width factor;
DS represents the effective deposition density;
OF represents the residence factor OF the public person on the bank OF the kth sub-zone or the share OF time spent by the public person on the bank OF the kth sub-zone within one year;
DFsirepresenting an effective dose conversion factor for the liquid radionuclide i in the shore deposit.
A sub-area activity external irradiation calculation unit for calculating the annual effective external irradiation dose D caused by the activity of public individuals in the receiving sea area of the kth sub-areaewkThe calculation formula is as follows:
wherein, CwiRepresenting the concentration of the liquid radionuclide i in the seawater;
Up1、Up2respectively representing the time share of the public individuals of the k subareas in swimming and water activities in one year of the receiving sea area;
λwirepresenting the decay constant of the liquid radionuclide i,
twrepresenting the time spent in transferring the liquid radionuclide i;
DFwirepresents an effective dose conversion factor of the radionuclide i to public individuals during seawater activity.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (6)
1. A method for calculating annual radiation dose of liquid radioactive substances in a nuclear power plant comprises the following steps:
(1) acquiring source data of an area to be evaluated, wherein the source data is used for calculating the annual effective radiation dose of the liquid radionuclide of the nuclear power plant;
the source data comprises annual liquid radionuclide monitoring data, hydrologic monitoring data of the susceptance area, regional fixed parameters and mode parameters of the liquid radionuclide; the region fixed parameters comprise effective dose conversion factors of the liquid radionuclides, resident information in the region to be evaluated and life habit data of the resident information; the mode parameters of the liquid radionuclide comprise a dilution factor of the liquid radionuclide in seawater, a concentration factor in marine products, related radiation parameters in a receiving sea area, and a marine product recipe of residents and activity parameters in the receiving sea area;
(2) and calculating the annual effective radiation dose of the liquid radionuclide to public individuals in the region to be evaluated according to the source data, wherein the specific calculation mode is as follows:
1) dividing a region to be evaluated into n sub-regions according to the distance and the orientation of the nuclear power plant site;
2) calculating the annual effective radiation dose of the liquid radionuclide to public individuals in each subarea, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
Dek＝Depk+Desk+Dewk
wherein D isekRepresents the annual effective radiation dose of the liquid radionuclide to the public in the kth subregion, DepkRepresenting the annual effective internal radiation dose of the public in the kth subregion, DeskIndicating the effective external radiation dose of the liquid radionuclide deposited on the shore of the receiving sea area for the shore deposition year caused by the public individuals in the kth subregionewkRepresents the annual effective exposure dose caused by the activity of public individuals in the k-th subregion in the receiving sea area;
annual effective internal dose D due to ingestion of seafood by public individuals in the kth subregionepkEqual to the sum of the annual effective exposure doses of various marine products eaten by public individuals in the kth subregion;
the annual effective exposure dose for the consumption of seafood p by public individuals in the kth subregion is calculated as:
calculating the concentration of each liquid radionuclide in the seawater, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
Cwi＝3.17×10-8×Qi×q-1×Ci
wherein, CwiRepresenting the concentration of the liquid radionuclide i in the seawater;
Qirepresents the annual average release rate of the liquid radionuclide i;
q represents the flow rate discharged from the liquid path;
Cia dilution factor representing the liquid radionuclide i in seawater;
secondly, calculating the concentration of each liquid radionuclide in the marine products, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
Cpi＝Cwi×Bpi
wherein, CpiRepresenting the concentration of the liquid radionuclide i in the seafood p;
Bpiconcentration factors representing the liquid radionuclide i in the seafood p;
calculating annual effective internal radiation dose D caused by eating marine products p by public individuals in kth subregioneppkThe calculation formula is as follows:
wherein, UpRepresents the consumption of seafood p by public individuals in the kth subregion;
λirepresenting the decay coefficient of the liquid radionuclide i;
tprepresenting the time interval from fishing to consumption of seafood p;
DFeirepresents an effective dose conversion factor of the liquid radionuclide i to the public individual due to the ingestion of the marine product p;
(3) calculating the annual effective radiation dose of the liquid radionuclide to the public collective of each subregion, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
Dk＝Dek×Pk
wherein D iskRepresenting the annual effective radiation dose, P, of the liquid radionuclide to the public collective k-th sub-zonekRepresenting the number of public population in the kth sub-zone;
(4) calculating the annual effective radiation dose D of the liquid radionuclide to the public collective of the whole area to be evaluated, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
where n represents the total number of sub-regions.
2. The nuclear power plant liquid discharge system of claim 1The annual radiation dose calculation method of the radioactive substance is characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step (2), the liquid radionuclide is deposited on the bank of the receiving sea area to effectively irradiate the dose D outside the bank deposition year caused by the public individuals in the kth sub-areaeskThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
Cwsirepresenting the concentration of liquid radionuclide i in the seawater on the shore;
Kdirepresents the adsorption distribution coefficient of the liquid radionuclide i;
w represents a bank width factor;
DS represents the effective deposition density;
OF represents the shore-side residence factor OF public individuals in the kth sub-zone or the share OF time spent shore-side within one year by public individuals in the kth sub-zone;
DFsirepresenting the effective dose conversion factor of the liquid radionuclide i in the shore deposit to the public.
3. The annual radiation dose calculation method of liquid radioactive substances in nuclear power plants according to claim 1, wherein: in step (2), the annual effective external exposure dose D caused by the activity of the public individuals in the k-th subregion in the receiving sea areaewkThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein, CwiRepresenting the concentration of the liquid radionuclide i in the seawater;
Up1、Up2respectively representing the time share of the public individuals in the kth subregion in swimming and water activities in one year in the seawater;
λwirepresenting the decay constant of the liquid radionuclide i,
twindicating a liquid stateTime spent on radionuclide i transfer;
DFwirepresents an effective dose conversion factor of the radionuclide i to public individuals during seawater activity.
4. An annual radiation dose calculation system for liquid radioactive materials of a nuclear power plant, comprising:
the source data collection subsystem is used for collecting source data of an area to be evaluated, wherein the source data is used for calculating the annual effective radiation dose of the liquid radionuclide of the nuclear power plant;
the source data comprises annual liquid radionuclide monitoring data, hydrologic monitoring data of the susceptance area, regional fixed parameters and mode parameters of the liquid radionuclide; the region fixed parameters comprise effective dose conversion factors of the liquid radionuclides, resident information in the region to be evaluated and life habit data of the resident information; the mode parameters of the liquid radionuclide comprise a dilution factor of the liquid radionuclide in seawater, a concentration factor in marine products, related radiation parameters in a receiving sea area, and a marine product recipe of residents and activity parameters in the receiving sea area;
an individual annual effective radiation dosimeter operator system for calculating an annual effective radiation dose caused by a liquid radionuclide to a public individual in the region to be evaluated according to the source data, the individual annual effective radiation dose subsystem comprising:
the sub-area dividing module is used for dividing the area to be evaluated into n sub-areas according to the distance and the direction of the nuclear power plant site;
the sub-region personal annual radiation dose calculation module is used for calculating the annual effective radiation dose of the liquid radionuclide to public individuals in each sub-region, and the calculation formula is as follows:
Dek＝Depk+Desk+Dewk
wherein D isekRepresents the annual effective radiation dose of the liquid radionuclide to the public in the kth subregion, DepkRepresenting the annual effective internal radiation dose of the public in the kth subregion, DeskTo representEffective external radiation dose per year of bank deposition of liquid radionuclide deposited on the bank of the receiving sea area to public individuals in the kth sub-area, DewkRepresents the annual effective exposure dose caused by the activity of public individuals in the k-th subregion in the receiving sea area;
the sub-region personal annual radiation dose calculation module comprises:
a sub-region internal radiation dose calculation unit for calculating the annual effective internal radiation dose D of the public individuals in the kth sub-region due to eating the marine productsepk(ii) a Annual effective internal dose D due to ingestion of seafood by public individuals in the kth subregionepkEqual to the sum of the annual effective exposure doses of various marine products eaten by public individuals in the kth subregion;
the annual effective exposure dose for the public individuals in the kth subregion, due to the consumption of seafood p, is calculated as:
calculating the concentration of each liquid radionuclide in the seawater, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
Cwi＝3.17×10-8×Qi×q-1×Ci
wherein, CwiRepresenting the concentration of the liquid radionuclide i in the seawater;
Qirepresents the annual average release rate of the liquid radionuclide i;
q represents the flux of the liquid radionuclide;
Cia dilution factor representing the liquid radionuclide i in seawater;
secondly, calculating the concentration of each liquid radionuclide in the marine products, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
Cpi＝Cwi×Bpi
wherein, CpiRepresenting the concentration of the liquid radionuclide i in the seafood p;
Bpiconcentration factors representing the liquid radionuclide i in the seafood p;
calculating annual effective internal radiation dose D caused by eating marine product p by public individuals in kth subregioneppkThe calculation formula is as follows:
wherein, UpRepresents the consumption amount of the marine product p of the public person in the kth subregion;
λirepresenting the decay coefficient of the liquid radionuclide i;
tprepresenting the time interval from fishing to consumption of seafood p;
DFeirepresents an effective dose conversion factor of the liquid radionuclide i to the public individual due to the ingestion of the marine product p;
the system comprises a collective annual effective radiation dose calculation subsystem, a calculation formula and a calculation formula, wherein the collective annual effective radiation dose calculation subsystem is used for calculating an effective radiation dose D caused by the liquid radionuclide to public groups, and the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein D iskRepresenting the annual effective radiation dose of the liquid radionuclide on the public collective k-th subregion, n representing the total number of subregions;
the collective annual effective radiation dosimeter operator system comprising:
the subzone collective annual radiation dose calculation module is used for calculating the annual effective radiation dose of the liquid radionuclide to the public collective of each subzone, and the calculation formula is as follows:
Dk＝Dek×Pk
wherein D isekRepresents the annual effective radiation dose, P, of the liquid radionuclide to public individuals in the kth sub-zonekRepresenting the number of public population in the kth sub-zone.
5. The annual radiation dose calculation system for liquid radioactive substances of nuclear power plants according to claim 4, wherein: the sub-region personal annual radiation dose calculation module comprises:
a sub-region bank deposit external radiation calculating unit for calculating bank deposit annual effective external radiation dose D caused by liquid radionuclide depositing on the bank of the receiving sea area to the public in the kth sub-regioneskThe calculation formula is as follows:
wherein, CwsiRepresenting the concentration of liquid radionuclide i in the seawater on the shore;
Kdirepresents the adsorption distribution coefficient of the liquid radionuclide i;
w represents a bank width factor;
DS represents the effective deposition density;
OF represents the residence factor OF the public person on the bank OF the kth sub-zone or the share OF time spent by the public person on the bank OF the kth sub-zone within one year;
DFsirepresenting an effective dose conversion factor for the liquid radionuclide i in the shore deposit.
6. The annual radiation dose calculation system for liquid radioactive substances of nuclear power plants according to claim 4, wherein: the sub-region personal annual radiation dose calculation module comprises:
a sub-area activity external irradiation calculation unit for calculating the annual effective external irradiation dose D caused by the activity of public individuals in the receiving sea area of the kth sub-areaewkThe calculation formula is as follows:
wherein, CwiRepresenting the concentration of the liquid radionuclide i in the seawater;
Up1、Up2respectively representing the time share of the public individuals of the k subareas in swimming and water activities in one year of the receiving sea area;
λwirepresenting the decay constant of the liquid radionuclide i,
twrepresenting the time spent in transferring the liquid radionuclide i;
DFwirepresents an effective dose conversion factor of the radionuclide i to public individuals during seawater activity.
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| CN111159834B (en) * | 2018-11-06 | 2023-07-14 | 环境保护部核与辐射安全中心 | Complex environment emission/release nuclide dosage calculation method |
| CN109738929B (en) * | 2018-12-03 | 2022-10-21 | 中国辐射防护研究院 | Dose estimation method and system based on maximum consumption of resident food |
| CN110955962B (en) * | 2019-11-14 | 2023-04-11 | 中国核电工程有限公司 | Method for determining dilution diffusion control requirements for liquid effluent discharge |
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