CN106468782B - It is a kind of based on crack prediction method of the ceiling capacity than method - Google Patents
It is a kind of based on crack prediction method of the ceiling capacity than method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of based on crack prediction method of the ceiling capacity than method.Shear Waves Splitting division " the orientation time difference orientation time difference " spectrum can be calculated in this method, and then conveniently obtains fracture orientation and density parameter.This method specifically includes：Rotation of horizontal component is carried out to vertical seismic profiling (VSP) data, postrotational component is obtained, carries out the down-going wave fields of the component of isolated rotation；To the geophone station at each target depth, window when selecting suitable is allowed to include the conversion wave field of one group of generation shear wave splitting on downlink R and T component, and is composed using the orientation time difference data scanning computer azimuth time difference in window during improved maximum capacity ratio method pair；Pickup crack relative bearing and the Concerning With Fast-slow Waves time difference in finally being composed from the orientation time difference orientation time difference, calculate crack nature azimuth and density.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to seismic exploration technique fields more particularly to a kind of based on FRACTURE PREDICTION side of the ceiling capacity than method
Method.
Background technology
When secondary wave in containing crannied anisotropic medium when propagating, it may occur that shear wave splitting phenomenon is formed flat
The capable fast transverse wave polarized in fracture strike and the slow shear-wave polarized perpendicular to fracture strike.Since parallel-vertical shear wave has in speed
Difference, therefore the difference fracture attribute between them can be utilized to be identified.The polarization direction of parallel-vertical shear wave, which has been reacted, to be split
The trend of seam, jet lag when walking of the parallel-vertical shear wave size of fracture spacing, the time difference is bigger, and fracture spacing is bigger.Therefore it grinds
Studying carefully Shear Waves Splitting separating phenomenon becomes one of research fractuer direction and its most directly effective method of development degree.
At present, it is determined there are many kinds of the methods of fracture parameters by shear wave splitting method in the prior art.It is wanted to data
From the point of view of asking, multi-source method and single source method can be divided into：
1) multi-source method rotates to be representative with Alford, four component VSP data, nine number of components suitable for shear wave source excitation
According to etc., wherein VSP refers to vertical seismic profiling (VSP)；
2) Dan Yuanfa (cross-correlation methods；Parametric inversion method, ceiling capacity is than method, orthogonal basis rotary process etc.), it is shaken suitable for P waves
Source excitation, the VSP data that three-component receives.Since shear wave source excitation cost is higher, the VSP data that we contact in reality are more
For P wave epicenter excitations, so having more practicability with the research of the splitting of converted shear method of P wave epicenter excitations.
At present, it is popular with the ceiling capacity ratio method of P wave epicenter excitations.It is split however, this method can only be calculated
The azimuth of seam, it is impossible to directly obtain the time difference of Shear Waves Splitting, need again by other methods to the Concerning With Fast-slow Waves after division into one
Step analysis, which calculates, can just obtain the Shear Waves Splitting division time difference.
Invention content
In view of the above-mentioned problems, the present invention propose it is a kind of new improved based on crack prediction method of the ceiling capacity than method.
This method includes the following steps：
S10, the horizontal component X and Y of vertical seismic profiling (VSP) data are rotated, obtain postrotational radial component R and
Cross stream component T；
S20, wave field separation is carried out to postrotational component, the downlink component after being detached, and in being picked up on downlink component
Take the conversion wave field of one group of generation shear wave splitting；
Geophone station at one S30, selection target depth performs each source data that the geophone station receives following
Step, to obtain the fracture azimuth of the target depth and density parameter：
S30.1, a when window for including the converted wave that step S20 is picked up is being taken on downlink component, to when this in window
Component data carry out Concerning With Fast-slow Waves separation, based on improved ceiling capacity than calculating formula scanning computer azimuth-time difference spectrum,
S30.2, pickup the crack opposite orientation of survey line and the Shear Waves Splitting time difference from orientation-time difference spectrum, and calculate crack
Natural azimuth and density；
S40, for the geophone station at other target depths, step S30 is repeated, until obtaining the crack of all target depths
Orientation and density parameter.
According to an embodiment of the invention, above-mentioned improved ceiling capacity is than calculating formula
In formula, ER (α, tn) it is to scan energy, tnIt it is the Shear Waves Splitting time difference, S1 (α, k) is fast transverse wave record, and S2 (α, k) is
Slow shear-wave records, wnWindow size when being, sampled point when k is in window.
According to an embodiment of the invention, above-mentioned steps S30.1 includes following small step：
1. choosing an identical when window on downlink component, when window size requirements turning of can including that step S20 be picked up
Change wave；
2. scanning an azimuth angle alpha, Shear Waves Splitting separation, meter are carried out by the downlink component data in window when formula (1) pair
Calculate fast transverse wave record S1 (α, t) and slow shear-wave record S2 (α, t)；
In formula, the sampling point sampling time in window when t is；R (t) is radial component data, and T (t) is cross stream component data；
3. scan a time difference tn, calculated by the improved ceiling capacity than calculating formula and preserve scanning ENERGY E R
(α, tn)
In formula, ER (α, tn) it is to scan energy, tnIt it is the Shear Waves Splitting time difference, S1 (α, k) is fast transverse wave record, and S2 (α, k) is
Slow shear-wave records, wnWindow size when being, sampled point when k is in window；
4. enable tn=tn3.+Δ t repeats step, until tn=wnTerminate；Wherein Δ t is moveout scan step-length；
5. enable α=α+Δ α, repeat step 2.~4., until α=pi/2 terminates；Wherein Δ α is angle scanning step-length；
6. according to each ER (α, the t of calculatingn) it is fabricated to orientation-time difference energy spectrogram.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the value range of above-mentioned azimuth angle alpha is-pi/2≤α ＜ pi/2s.
According to an embodiment of the invention, above-mentioned time difference tnValue range be 0≤tn＜ wn。
According to an embodiment of the invention, above-mentioned steps S30.2 includes following small step：
1. from the value of interrogation energy maximum on orientation-time difference energy spectrogram, the angle corresponding to Energy maximum value is exactly to split
The azimuth angle alpha of the opposite survey line of seam, time difference tnIt is exactly the Shear Waves Splitting time difference；
2. calculate crack natural azimuthal angle beta=θ+α, wherein β ∈ [0, π), θ be shot point and geophone station line orientation
Angle, θ ∈ [0,2 π)；
3. calculate fracture spacing e according to following formula (3)：
e≈γ/1.1 (3)
Wherein,ts1During the travelling of the fast transverse wave for a crack floor interface pickup；tnFor speed horizontal stroke
The wave time difference.
It according to an embodiment of the invention, can be using due east direction as 0 °.
It according to an embodiment of the invention, can be using direction of rotation counterclockwise as the increased direction in azimuth.
According to an embodiment of the invention, above-mentioned steps S30 may further include step S30.3, should using graphic statistics
The all slits orientation of the geophone station of target depth and the distribution situation of density parameter.
According to an embodiment of the invention, rose figure can be utilized to count all slits orientation of the geophone station of the target depth
Distribution；All density parameters distribution of the geophone station of the target depth is counted using bar chart.
Compared with prior art, one or more embodiments of the invention can have the following advantages that：This method is based on horizontal stroke
Wavefront splitting FRACTURE PREDICTION principle is improved existing ceiling capacity than method shear wave splitting crack prediction method, can be simultaneously
The division time difference of fracture azimuth and Shear Waves Splitting is obtained, compensates in original method and is not directly available fracture intensity parameter
Deficiency has achieved the purpose that easily and accurately to predict fracture parameters by one-time calculation.
Description of the drawings
Attached drawing is used to provide further understanding of the present invention, and a part for constitution instruction, the reality with the present invention
It applies example and is used together to explain the present invention, be not construed as limiting the invention.In the accompanying drawings：
Fig. 1 is the work flow diagram of the crack prediction method used in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 a are the schematic diagrames of the relationship between the natural orientation in crack and survey line orientation；
Fig. 2 b are the schematic diagrames of the relationship between the natural orientation in crack and relative bearing；
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of a fracture medium model analyzed in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of azimuthal anisotropy forward simulation acquisition scheme in the embodiment of the present invention；
Three component recordings X, Y, Z's that Fig. 5 a~5c are the survey line azimuths simulated in the embodiment of the present invention when being 0 ° shows
It is intended to；
Fig. 6 a~6b are the downlink R detached in the embodiment of the present invention, T component wave field；
Fig. 7 a~7b are that R, the T component of window are total to detection during converted wave place at 600 meters of target depths in the embodiment of the present invention
Point trace gather record；
Fig. 8 is the polarization curve figure of original R, T component at 600 meters of target depths in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 9 is calculated at 600 meters of target depths by improved ceiling capacity than calculating formula in the embodiment of the present invention
Orientation-time difference spectrum；
Figure 10 is S1, S2 polarization curve figure at 600 meters of target depths after shear wave splitting in the embodiment of the present invention；
Figure 11 a~11b are the pure Shear Waves Splitting records at 600 meters of target depths after shear wave splitting in the embodiment of the present invention；
Figure 12 is that 600 meters of target depths are in the fracture orientation of each azimuth recording calculating, speed in the embodiment of the present invention
Shear wave postpone when and density parameter list；
Figure 13 is the statistics rose figure of the fracture orientation obtained in the embodiment of the present invention；
Figure 14 is the statistics bar chart of the fracture spacing obtained in the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
To make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention is made below in conjunction with attached drawing further
Ground is described in detail.
Fig. 1 is the work flow diagram of the crack prediction method used in one embodiment of the invention.It should be noted that the figure
The key step of crack prediction method is contained, these steps can be increased and decreased according to specific requirement when implementing.
S110 rotates the horizontal component X and Y of VSP data, obtains postrotational radial component R component and transverse direction
Component T (below also can abbreviation R component and T component).
S120, to R component and T component progress wave field separation, downlink R component and T component after being detached, and in downlink
The conversion wave field of one group of generation shear wave splitting is picked up in R component or T component.
S130, for a certain big gun data that the geophone station at a target depth receives, in downlink R component and T component
A when window for including the converted wave that step S120 is picked up is taken, improved ceiling capacity is utilized to data when this in window
Than algorithm scanning computer azimuth-time difference spectrum.
S140, pickup crack is with respect to the orientation of survey line and the Concerning With Fast-slow Waves time difference from orientation-time difference spectrum, and calculates crack nature
Azimuth and density.
S150, at the target depth of step S130 geophone station receive other big guns Data duplication perform step S130 and
S140。
S160 draws rose according to the fracture azimuth having at a certain target depth obtained after step S150
Figure, fracture density draws bar chart, to complete the statistics at azimuth and density parameter.
S170 for the geophone station at other target depths, repeats step S130~160, deep until obtaining all targets
The fracture orientation and density parameter of degree.
Each step is described in detail below.Wherein：
Step 110 and 120 belongs in seismic technology field to the conventional treatment of vertical seismic profiling (VSP) data, no longer chats herein
State specific practice.
Step S130 further comprises：
1. choosing an identical when window on downlink component, when window size wnTo include step S200 completely to be picked up
Converted wave.
2. scanning an azimuth angle alpha ,-pi/2≤α ＜ pi/2s is usually scanned since-pi/2.Then, pass through following formula
(1) pair downlink component data when in window carry out Shear Waves Splitting separation, calculate fast transverse wave record S1 (α, t) and slow shear-wave records S2
(α,t)。
The sampling point sampling time in window when t in formula is；R (t) is radial component data, and T (t) is cross stream component data.
3. scan a time difference tn, 0≤tn＜ wn, usually scanned since 0.Then, pass through following improved ceiling capacity
Scanning ENERGY E R (α, t are calculated than calculating formula (2)n), and preserve result.
In formula, ER (α, tn) it is to scan energy, tnIt it is the Shear Waves Splitting time difference, S1 (α, k) is fast transverse wave record, and S2 (α, k) is
Slow shear-wave records, wnWindow size when being, sampled point when k is in window.
4. enable tn=tn3.+Δ t (Δ t is moveout scan step-length), repeats step, until tn=wnTerminate.
5. enable α=α+Δ α (Δ α be angle scanning step-length), repeat step 2.~4., until α=pi/2 terminates.
6. 3. each ER (α, t that step is calculatedn) according to energy power assign different colours depth, be fabricated to orientation-
Time difference energy spectrogram (as shown in Figure 9).Certainly, orientation-time difference energy spectrogram can not also be confined to this manifestation mode.
Step S140 further comprises：
1. from the value of interrogation energy maximum on orientation-time difference energy spectrogram, the angle corresponding to Energy maximum value is exactly to split
The azimuth angle alpha of the opposite survey line of seam, time difference tnIt is exactly the Shear Waves Splitting time difference.
2. calculate crack natural azimuthal angle beta=θ+α, wherein β ∈ [0, π), θ ∈ [0,2 π) be shot point and geophone station line
The azimuth of (R component).For convenience point counting analyse, in the present embodiment using due east direction as 0 °, using direction of rotation counterclockwise as
The increased direction in azimuth (as shown in Figure 2).
3. calculate fracture spacing according to following formula (3)：
e≈γ/1.1 (3)
Wherein,ts1And ts2During the travelling of the parallel-vertical shear wave for a crack floor interface pickup；tn
For the Shear Waves Splitting time difference.
One embodiment
Fig. 2 a~2b show the schematic diagram of the relationship between the natural orientation, relative bearing and survey line orientation in crack.Figure
The relationship between the radial component R obtained by rotation of horizontal component, cross stream component T and survey line orientation is shown in 2a；Fig. 2 b
In show relationship between crack nature orientation and relative bearing.N, E represent north orientation and east orientation respectively in the figure.
Illustrate the crack prediction method of the present invention by taking a fracture medium model shown in Fig. 3 as an example below.The model
Share four layers of medium, wherein the second layer, the 4th layer be HTI anisotropy layers, model and medium parameter are as shown in Figure 3.Figure
In, Vp is velocity of longitudinal wave, and Vs is shear wave velocity, and ρ is density, and ε, γ and δ are Thomsen parameters.
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of azimuthal anisotropy forward simulation acquisition scheme.It was found from the figure that centered on well head, often
It is an orientation every 15 °, shot point is disposed in totally 24 orientation, the offset distance of shooting distance well head is 500 meters；Receiving point is distributed in
In well at 100~2000 meters of depth, one is placed every 10 meters.
Fig. 5 a~5c are three component X, Y, Zs record of the survey line azimuth of simulation for 0 ° (due east direction, counterclockwise).Its
In, each layer all observed P waves on X, Z component；In Y-component, P waves are not received in isotropic layer (1,3 layer), and
P waves are had received in anisotropic band (2,4).In short, the P waves by epicenter excitation are all observed on ground in X, Y, Z component
The S waves (hereinafter referred to as converted wave) converted on layer interface, and division has occurred now in anisotropic band (2,4 layers) shear wave
As, so, for upgoing wave, there are reflected P wave and converted wave projection on three components, wherein, turned in Y-component with uplink
It changes based on wave, on Z component based on uplink P waves.
Fig. 6 a~6b are the downlink R of separation, T component wave field.Include downgoing P-wave, second layer HTI conversions in the wave field
Wave, third layer isotropic layer converted wave and the 4th layer of HTI layers of converted wave.Wherein, dotted line mark is HTI layers of conversion of the second layer
Wave, this group of converted wave are the shear waves for preparing analysis.
In order to verify the correctness of crack prediction method proposed by the invention, second layer HTI Jie is analyzed respectively here
The fracture parameters (orientation and density parameter) of 600 meters of target depth geophone stations of matter.
The R of window, T component common detector gather record when Fig. 7 a~7b are converted wave places at 600 meters of target depths.Fig. 7 a
In R component and Fig. 7 b in T component trace gather in " sine " transformation, record in trace gather is from 0 ° to 245 °.Wherein, when walking
(50 ° and 230 °) minimums during parallel fracture；R component energy is maximum in parallel fracture, in vertical fracture (140 ° and 320 °)
It is minimum；One-shot change all has occurred in T component polarity in parallel fracture and vertical fracture.
Fig. 8 is the polarization curve figure of original R at 600 meters of target depths, T component (horizontal axis is R component, and vertical pivot is T component).
From the figure, it can be seen that each polarization figure has two groups of near-linear polarizations and approximately perpendicular two polarization directions.Wherein, energy
Larger is fast transverse wave polarization direction, and smaller energy is slow shear-wave polarization direction.
Fig. 9 is than orientation-time difference side that calculating formula is calculated at 600 meters of target depths by improved ceiling capacity
Position-the time difference composes (horizontal axis is angle, and vertical pivot is the time difference).Energy maximum value, which corresponds to, in the orientation-time difference orientation-time difference spectrum splits
Seam and survey line angle direction.
Figure 10 is that (horizontal axis is S1 waves, and vertical pivot is S2 for S1, S2 polarization curve figure at 600 meters of target depths after shear wave splitting
Wave).After shear wave splitting, fast transverse wave S1 is broken down into X-direction, and slow shear-wave S2 is broken down into Y direction, Shear Waves Splitting
Polarization direction approximation is orthogonal thereto.
Figure 11 a~11b are the pure Shear Waves Splitting records after shear wave splitting at 600 meters of target depths.It can be seen that after division
Form is basically identical when Concerning With Fast-slow Waves are walked, and waveform is also similar, while has apparent arrival time difference between fast transverse wave.
Figure 12 is when 600 meters of target depths are in the fracture orientation of each azimuth recording calculating, Shear Waves Splitting postpones and close
Spend the list of parameter.By being counted to the data in this table, the final statistics rose for obtaining the fracture orientation shown in Figure 13
The statistics bar chart of rare figure and the fracture spacing shown in Figure 14.Wherein, as can be seen that crack side from the azimuth rose diagram of Figure 13
Position substantially all points to 50 °, is 51.04 ° by the average value for counting fracture orientation.This illustrates that the fracture orientation of prediction is correct
, and precision is higher.It can be obtained from the density bar chart of Figure 14, the average value of fracture spacing is 0.16, substantially close to
In the fracture spacing 0.17 of theoretical calculation.This illustrates that the fracture spacing of prediction is correct, and precision is higher.
It is effective that above-described embodiment, which effectively demonstrates crack prediction method proposed by the present invention, and this method compensates for existing
There is ceiling capacity ratio method in technology to be not directly available the deficiency of the Shear Waves Splitting division time difference and orientation with multi-solution, to reality
Border engineering exploration has good directive significance.
The above, only specific implementation case of the invention, protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, any ripe
Those skilled in the art are known in technical specification of the present invention, modifications of the present invention or replacement all should be in the present invention
Protection domain within.
Claims (9)
1. it is a kind of based on crack prediction method of the ceiling capacity than method, include the following steps：
S10, the horizontal component X and Y of vertical seismic profiling (VSP) data are rotated, obtains postrotational radial component R and transverse direction
Component T；
S20, wave field separation is carried out to postrotational component, the downlink component after being detached, and in picking up one on downlink component
The conversion wave field of shear wave splitting occurs for group；
Geophone station at one S30, selection target depth performs following walk to each source data that the geophone station receives
Suddenly, to obtain the fracture azimuth of the target depth and density parameter：
S30.1, a when window for including the converted wave that step S20 is picked up is being taken on downlink component, to point when this in window
It measures data and carries out Concerning With Fast-slow Waves separation, composed based on improved ceiling capacity than calculating formula scanning computer azimuth-time difference,
S30.2, pickup the crack orientation of survey line and the Shear Waves Splitting time difference relatively from orientation-time difference spectrum, and calculate oneself of crack
Right azimuth and density；
S40, for the geophone station at other target depths, step S30 is repeated, until obtaining the fracture orientation of all target depths
And density parameter；
Wherein described improved ceiling capacity is than calculating formula
In formula, ER (α, tn) it is to scan energy, tnIt it is the Shear Waves Splitting time difference, S1 (α, k) is fast transverse wave record, and S2 (α, k) is slow horizontal stroke
Wave records, wnWindow size when being, sampled point when k is in window, α are azimuths.
2. crack prediction method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step S30.1 includes following small step：
1. choosing an identical when window on downlink component, when window size requirements can include the converted wave that step S20 is picked up；
2. scanning an azimuth angle alpha, Shear Waves Splitting separation is carried out by the downlink component data in window when formula (1) pair, is calculated fast
Shear wave record S1 (α, t) and slow shear-wave record S2 (α, t)；
In formula, the sampling point sampling time in window when t is；R (t) is radial component data, and T (t) is cross stream component data；
3. scan a time difference tn, calculated by the improved ceiling capacity than calculating formula and preserve scanning ENERGY E R (α, tn)
In formula, ER (α, tn) it is to scan energy, tnIt it is the Shear Waves Splitting time difference, S1 (α, k) is fast transverse wave record, and S2 (α, k) is slow horizontal stroke
Wave records, wnWindow size when being, sampled point when k is in window；
4. enable tn=tn3.+Δ t repeats step, until tn=wnTerminate；Wherein Δ t is moveout scan step-length；
5. enable α=α+Δ α, repeat step 2.~4., until α=pi/2 terminates；Wherein Δ α is angle scanning step-length；
6. according to each ER (α, the t of calculatingn) it is fabricated to orientation-time difference energy spectrogram.
3. crack prediction method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：
The value range of the azimuth angle alpha is-pi/2≤α ＜ pi/2s.
4. crack prediction method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：
The time difference tnValue range be 0≤tn＜ wn。
5. crack prediction method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step S30.2 includes following small step：
1. from the value of interrogation energy maximum on orientation-time difference energy spectrogram, the angle corresponding to Energy maximum value is exactly crack phase
To the azimuth angle alpha of survey line, time difference tnIt is exactly the Shear Waves Splitting time difference；
2. calculate crack natural azimuthal angle beta=θ+α, wherein β ∈ [0, π), θ be shot point and geophone station line azimuth, θ ∈
[0,2 π)；
3. calculate fracture spacing e according to following formula (3)：
e≈γ/1.1 (3)
Wherein,ts1During the travelling of the fast transverse wave for a crack floor interface pickup；tnDuring for Shear Waves Splitting
Difference.
6. crack prediction method according to claim 5, it is characterised in that：
Using due east direction as 0 °.
7. crack prediction method according to claim 5, it is characterised in that：
Using direction of rotation counterclockwise as the increased direction in azimuth.
8. crack prediction method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step S30 further comprises step
S30.3 utilizes all slits orientation of geophone station and the distribution situation of density parameter of the graphic statistics target depth.
9. crack prediction method according to claim 8, it is characterised in that：
The all slits azimuth distribution of the geophone station of the target depth is counted using rose figure；Target depth is counted using bar chart
All density parameters distribution of the geophone station of degree.
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| CN108229028B (en) * | 2018-01-05 | 2021-03-02 | 东北大学 | Method for generating weighted seismic network based on maximum energy ratio |
| CN109799529A (en) * | 2019-01-31 | 2019-05-24 | 河海大学 | A kind of shear wave splitting VSP crack prediction method based on cross-correlation |
| CN109992910B (en) * | 2019-04-09 | 2023-01-13 | 山东交通学院 | Energy spectrum density calculation method and application for mass data |
| CN112444871B (en) * | 2019-08-30 | 2023-07-04 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Quantitative analysis method and equipment for crack spacing based on scattered wave seismic response characteristics |
| CN112649851A (en) * | 2019-10-09 | 2021-04-13 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Shear wave splitting vertical seismic profile crack prediction method and system |
| CN113009572B (en) * | 2021-02-23 | 2022-07-01 | 成都理工大学 | Method for predicting fracture azimuth angle based on transverse wave polarization analysis |
| CN116908909B (en) * | 2023-07-07 | 2023-12-12 | 成都理工大学 | Fast and slow transverse wave separation method based on three-parameter scanning |
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