CN106467896B - A kind of kelvin being resistant to high PH intends chlorella and its culture application - Google Patents

A kind of kelvin being resistant to high PH intends chlorella and its culture application Download PDF

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CN106467896B
CN106467896B CN201510503294.4A CN201510503294A CN106467896B CN 106467896 B CN106467896 B CN 106467896B CN 201510503294 A CN201510503294 A CN 201510503294A CN 106467896 B CN106467896 B CN 106467896B
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chlorella
kelvin
culture
algae
intends
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CN106467896A (en
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师文静
廖莎
孙启梅
王鹏翔
李晓姝
樊亚超
张霖
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China Petroleum and Chemical Corp
Sinopec Fushun Research Institute of Petroleum and Petrochemicals
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Sinopec Fushun Research Institute of Petroleum and Petrochemicals
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Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of kelvin for being resistant to high PH to intend chlorella and its culture application, and the method for improving PH acclimation and screening by ultraviolet mutagenesis and step by step obtains the quasi- Chlorella mutant strain FSH-Y3 of kelvin for being resistant to high PH, and classification naming isParachlorella kessleri, China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms's common micro-organisms center is preserved on May 26th, 2014, deposit number is CGMCC No.9238.The kelvin of breeding of the present invention intends chlorella FSH-Y3 can preferably be absorbed and utilized carbon dioxide under high pH value, fast-growth breeding, solving the quasi- chlorella of existing kelvin can only grow under neutral PH, and there are problems that Solubilities of Carbon Dioxide is small, fixes carbon dioxide low efficiency under neutral pH condition.

Description

A kind of kelvin being resistant to high PH intends chlorella and its culture application
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of microorganism engineering, and in particular to a kind of kelvin for being resistant to high PH intends chlorella and its culture is answered With.
Background technique
With the development of world economy, a large amount of fossil energy using and consuming, and leads to the shortage of the energy and environment Worsening, especially CO2Sharply increase caused by greenhouse effects it is increasingly severe, the growth cycle of microalgae is short, photosynthetic effect Rate is high, CO2Fixed efficiency is high, up to 10 times or more of terrestrial plant under certain condition, can not only reduce CO2Discharge, simultaneously Also reduce toxigenic capacity;Except CO2Outside, the ingredients such as some SOx, NOx in exhaust gas are cleaned place also with the metabolism of microalgae Reason effectively reduces noxious gas emission, therefore is most possible at present using microalgae grease as the biodiesel that raw material produces Meet the renewable energy of fuel needed for the world transports.
At present for the more of the oil-producing microalgaes such as chlorella, scenedesmus research.CN20110144545.6 discloses one plant of scenedesmus The growth of algae strain, algae strain can be grown using artificial medium or appropriately processed waste water, its main feature is that lipid-producing is higher than Most of at present to divide algae strain, algae strain application field includes CO2Fixation, the purification of waste water, grease, protein, pigment, shallow lake The production of powder, polysaccharide, nucleic acid.CN20120154470.4 disclose the micro- quasi- ball algae of one plant of rich oil marine microalgae (Nannochloropsis gaditana ) algae strain and its application, the algae strain can in the environment of pH=4.5 normal growth, oil Rouge content is up to 35%.CN20111019480.X disclose one plant of microalgae algae strain (Mychonases sp .) and its for producing The application of biodiesel can produce the polyunsaturated fatty acid of high added value, including linolenic acid C18:3 and mind using algae strain The byproduct of high added value is obtained while obtaining biodiesel through sour C24:1.CN102703326A discloses one kind High CO2The microalgae and its selection of tolerance and fixed rate, but the strain of algae provided by the patent is not directed to the oil of algae strain Rouge content.Above-mentioned patent or it cannot efficiently utilize CO2It is not high enough to produce fat content in the biomass of grease or acquisition. Especially in practical applications, as CO in environment2When volume fraction is greater than 5v%, the growth of most of microalgae will be suppressed, Gu Carbon efficiencies are low;General microalgae suitable growth in neutral conditions simultaneously, is unfavorable for micro- under conditions of slant acidity or meta-alkalescence The growth of algae, and microalgae utilizes CO2HCO usually to be dissolved in water3 -Existing for ionic species, carbon dioxide is in neutral ring Solubility is low under border, is unfavorable for algae and is absorbed and utilized.
Quasi- Chlorella be by Krienitz,et alThe new category proposed, he passes through the kelvin to Chlorella Small subunit ribosome group, chlorella section (SSU rDNA) carries out Phylogenetic Analysis, proposes the kelvin chlorella in Chlorella (C. kessleri) be divided into Chlorella, be renamed as kelvin intend chlorella, with quasi- chlorella (P. beijerinckii), recklessly This quasi- chlorella (P.hussii) together constitute the new quasi- Chlorella of category.Shape between quasi- Chlorella and Chlorella State is very much like, only has nuance in terms of the ultra microstructure of cell wall, and compared with Chlorella, kelvin intends chlorella cells The electron lucent degree of wall is lower.But difference is obvious on 18S rDNA and ITS sequence.
The report for intending chlorella about kelvin both at home and abroad at present is fewer, and Jiang Lili et al. is in (the sieve of one plant of oil-producing microalgae Choosing and Molecular Identification, aquatile journal, the 4th 606-612 pages of phase in 2013) one plant of oil-producing microalgae HY-6 of report is spherical list Cell has 1 apparent pyrenoids, cup-shaped chromatoplast Zhousheng, to tentatively judge that algae strain may belong to Chlorella (Chlorella) or quasi- Chlorella (Parachlorella);18S rDNA and ITS Phylogenetic Analysis shows HY-6 and bead Trentepohlia is divided into two different evolution branch, but with kelvin intend chlorella (Parachlorella kessleri) affiliation compared with Closely, and supporting rate with higher of bootstrapping, thus be accredited as kelvin intend chlorella (P.kessleri), total rouge unit volume Yield is up to 50.8mg/ (L.d), is one plant of potential oil-producing microalgae of tool.But the kelvin is intended chlorella and is only suitable in It is grown under property PH, is not directed to the ability that the kelvin chlorella is resistant to high PH.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of kelvin for being resistant to high PH to intend chlorella and its culture application.Breeding of the present invention Kelvin intends chlorella can preferably be absorbed and utilized carbon dioxide under high pH value, and fast-growth breeding solves existing kelvin Quasi- chlorella can only grow under neutral PH, and that there are Solubilities of Carbon Dioxide under neutral pH condition is small, fixed carbon dioxide effect The low problem of rate.
The kelvin that the present invention is resistant to high PH intends chlorella, intends Chlorella mutant strain FSH-Y3 for kelvin, classification naming isParachlorella kessleri, it is general that China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms has been preserved on May 26th, 2014 Logical microorganism center, deposit number are CGMCC No. 9238.
Kelvin provided by the invention intends chlorella FSH-Y3, and frustule is spherical, ellipse under the microscope, inside there is one Zhousheng, cup-shaped or the chromatoplast of sheet;Vegetative propagation, each cell can produce 2,4,8 or 16 autospores, female when mature Cell rupture, spore evolution are new individual after growing up.
It is 10~12 that kelvin provided by the invention, which intends the pH value that chlorella FSH-Y3 can be resistant to, under the conditions of this pH value Growth rate chlorella more quasi- than original kelvin is 2~5 times fast.
The 18S rDNA gene sequencing analysis result that kelvin provided by the invention intends the strain of chlorella FSH-Y3 algae is shown in sequence table. According to sequence alignment, the 18S rDNA data of FSH-Y3 algae strain of the present invention and the quasi- chlorella algae strain announced are had differences.
Kelvin provided by the invention intends chlorella FSH-Y3, can increase the solubility of carbon dioxide in high PH growth, increases Add the fixation in quasi- chlorella photosynthesis to carbon dioxide, has remarkable effect to the emission reduction of carbon dioxide.Kelvin intends chlorella Growth need absorbing carbon dioxide, in general, the dissolubility of carbon dioxide and the acid-base property of solution have certain relationship, two Carbonoxide solubility in alkaline solution significantly increases.Therefore, obtained kelvin, which intends chlorella FSH-Y3, can tolerate high pH value Environment, and more carbon dioxide can be dissolved under high pH value environment, improves algae strain to the fixed efficiency of carbon dioxide, right The greenhouse effects of control carbon dioxide pollution are of great significance.
The kelvin that the present invention is resistant to high PH intends the selection of chlorella, including the following contents:
(1) the BG11 culture medium that kelvin intends chlorella growth is prepared;
(2) it is inoculated with original kelvin and intends chlorella, induced through illumination and dark cycle, chlorella is intended to original kelvin and is lived Change;
(3) kelvin of logarithmic growth phase intends chlorella progress ultraviolet mutagenesis, then carries out dark culture;
(4) it is applied to after diluting the algae solution after dark culture with fresh medium on solid medium and carries out illumination cultivation;
(5) rapidly single algae falls to be inoculated into BG11 culture solution and carries out primary dcreening operation for picking growth, and the PH of culture solution is 8.0~ 9.0;
(6) it by the algae solution of step (5) primary dcreening operation, is inoculated into the culture solution for improving PH step by step and carries out domestication culture, each PH 0.5~1.0 is improved, screening obtains the algae strain for being resistant to high PH.
In step (1), prepared BG11 culture medium is divided in the conical flask of 50~250mL, per bottled liquid measure It for 20~100mL, is sealed with ventilated membrane, wraps brown paper.Above-mentioned culture medium is sterilized, at 121 DEG C of temperature, pressure It sterilizes 20~30 minutes under 0.1MPa.
It is 1:10~1:5 inoculation by inoculation liquid and the volume ratio of culture solution in step (2), operation is carried out at sterile, Culture solution is shaken up after inoculation, is wrapped with ventilated membrane.The illumination and dark cycle induction are the constant temperature light at 22~32 DEG C It is carried out according to reacting in shaking table, brightness reaction time is that for 24 hours, brightness time ratio is 14:10;Shaking speed is 80~160rpm, training It supports 4~7 days, the original kelvin for obtaining activation intends chlorella algae solution.
In step (3), 5~10mL of algae solution of logarithmic growth phase, which is placed in sterile petri dish, carries out ultraviolet mutagenesis, algae Liquid spreads a thin layer in culture dish bottom surface, and culture dish is placed in sterile darkroom, opens ware lid.Under magnetic stirring, with the purple of 30w Outer light irradiation mutagenesis, irradiation time are 10~20min, and ultraviolet lamp is 15~25cm at a distance from culture dish, and irradiation lethality is 60%~80%.Ware lid is covered after irradiation, carries out dark culture with the good culture dish of lighttight paper bag, the cultivation temperature of dark reaction is 20 ~30 DEG C, incubation time is 24~72h.
In step (4), the BG11 fresh culture of the algae solution after step (3) dark reaction is diluted 10~10000 times, is inhaled 0.1~0.3mL is taken to be applied on BG11 solid agar plate (agar content is 1%~2%).It is trained in illumination box It supports, cultivation temperature is 20~30 DEG C, and intensity of illumination is 1000~5000Lux, and brightness reaction time is for 24 hours that brightness time ratio is 14:10, incubation time are 10~15d.It selects and grows bigger on plate, color is deep, rapidly single algae is dropped into for growth Row screening.
It in step (5), is cultivated in constant temperature illumination shaking table, shaking speed is 60~180rpm, intensity of illumination 1000 ~5000Lux, brightness reaction time are that for 24 hours, cultivation temperature is 20~30 DEG C, and brightness time ratio is 14:10, incubation time 10 ~15d days.After culture, the OD of algae solution is measured680Value, since there is good linear relationship, root with biomass cells dry weight According to OD680Size carry out the screening of algae, select the algae strain of the bigger high PH of tolerance of OD value, carry out acclimation and screening.
In step (6), the algae selected in step (5) is fallen with the ratio of 1:10~1:5 and is inoculated into culture medium.Using The mode for improving pH value step by step carries out domestication culture, and initial p H is 8.0~9.0, and each PH improves 0.5~1.0, and every raising is primary 24~96h is cultivated under the same conditions, selects the algae solution of the bigger high PH of tolerance of OD value, obtaining tolerance PH is 10~12 Algae strain.
Kelvin of the invention intends chlorella in fixed CO2In application.Algae strain is resistant to the up to CO of 40v%2Concentration, CO with higher2Fixed efficiency.
Kelvin of the invention intends application of the chlorella in production microalgae grease.The growth item that algae strain is 10~12 in PH Under part, cell total lipid content can account for 40% of dry cell weight or more, be able to carry out the production of biodiesel.
Kelvin of the invention intends chlorella and produces microalgae grease fixed CO simultaneously at high PH2In application.Algae strain can Rich grease-contained biomass is obtained to fix carbon dioxide in the case where PH is 10~12 growth conditions and carry out illumination autophyting growth, Algae strain can use the fresh water culture medium culture such as BG11, SE, 1500~20000Lux of intensity of illumination of culture, and temperature is 15~ 40 DEG C, the initial p H of culture solution is 8.0~9.0, and each PH improves 0.5~1.0, until improving to 10~12, cultivates 7 days and enters Stationary phase harvests frustule.Through detecting, cell total lipid content accounts for 40% of dry cell weight or more.
Compared with the strain of existing algae, the present invention can bring it is following the utility model has the advantages that
1, the method breeding that PH acclimation and screening is improved by ultraviolet mutagenesis and step by step obtains kelvin and intends chlorella, is resistant to The kelvin of high PH intends Chlorella mutant strain.Compared with original algae strain, original algae strain slow growth when PH reaches 10 or more, or It stops growing even dead, and the PH that the quasi- chlorella of the kelvin of breeding of the present invention is resistant to is up to 10~12, is 10 in pH value Growth rate improves 2~5 times under conditions of~12.
2, kelvin of the invention intends chlorella can increase the solubility of carbon dioxide under high pH value, increase photosynthesis In fixation to carbon dioxide, carbon dioxide is preferably absorbed and utilized, has remarkable effect to the emission reduction of carbon dioxide, solves existing Having kelvin to intend chlorella can only grow under neutral PH, and that there are Solubilities of Carbon Dioxide under neutral pH condition is small, fixed dioxy Change the low problem of carbon efficiencies.Meanwhile when high pH value culture kelvin intends chlorella, kelvin can be effectively inhibited to intend chlorella growth The growth of miscellaneous bacteria in the process.
3, the method for the present invention acclimation and screening by the way of improving pH value step by step is resistant to the algae of high PH, avoids and once mentions High PH screening zone carrys out the damage of algae, causes the failure of mutagenesis screening, ensure that the reliability tamed step by step and improves mutagenesis The genetic stability of algae strain.With OD680It is worth the measurement index as biomass and growth rate, there is intuitive and convenient feature, protects Higher screening amount within a short period of time is demonstrate,proved.
Biomaterial preservation explanation
Kelvin provided by the invention intend Chlorella mutant strain (Parachlorella kessleri) FSH-Y3, it is preserved in State's Microbiological Culture Collection administration committee common micro-organisms center;Address: in Yard 1, BeiChen xi Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing City 3 Institute of microbiology, the academy of sciences, state;Deposit number: CGMCC No. 9238;Preservation date: on May 26th, 2014.
Specific embodiment
Below by embodiment, invention is further described in detail.In the present invention, v% is volume fraction.
1 kelvin of embodiment intends Chlorella mutant strain FSH-Y3 separation and screening
It is in November, 2011 from the water sample that Fushun City, Liaoning Province Hun River acquires that the original kelvin of the present invention, which intends chlorella algae strain, The wild kelvin separated by way of plate streaking intends chlorella, number FSH-3.Chlorella algae is intended to original kelvin Strain FSH-3 carries out the kelvin that ultraviolet mutagenesis is resistant to high PH with domestication culture breeding and intends Chlorella mutant strain FSH-Y3.
The acquisition pattern that kelvin of the present invention intends Chlorella mutant strain FSH-Y3 is specific as follows:
(1) BG11 culture medium is prepared, prepared BG11 culture medium is divided in 250mL shaking flask, is per bottled liquid measure 100mL is sealed with ventilated membrane, and brown paper is wrapped, and is placed in 121 DEG C, is sterilized 30 minutes under 0.1MPa.The BG11 culture medium composition As shown in table 1, table 2.
1 BG11 culture medium of table
* in 2 table 1 of table A5+Co solution composition
(2) aseptically, original kelvin is drawn to intend after chlorella algae solution FSH-3 about 10mL is inoculated into above-mentioned sterilizing In shaking flask, shaking flask is placed in constant temperature illumination shaking table and is cultivated.The revolving speed of shaking table is set as 120rpm, and temperature is 25 DEG C, and light is arranged The dark culture period is that for 24 hours, brightness reaction time ratio is 14:10, intensity of illumination 5000Lux.
(3) after cultivating 5 days in illumination shaking table, algae solution enters logarithmic growth phase, draws algae solution 10mL at this time after sterilizing Culture dish in, make algae solution culture dish bottom tile a thin layer, put be irradiated in the UV lamp under magnetic stirring, it is ultraviolet Lamp power is 30w, and irradiation distance 15cm, irradiation time 15min cover ware lid after having irradiated, good with lighttight paper bag, Dark culture 2 days at 25 DEG C, lethality 75%.
(4) algae solution of dark reaction culture fresh medium is diluted 10000 times, drawing 0.2ml and being applied to PH is 11 It is cultivated on BG11 agar solid plate (agar content 1.5%), cultivation temperature is 25 DEG C, intensity of illumination 5000Lux, Culture carried out in illumination box, brightness reaction time be for 24 hours, brightness time ratio be 14:10, incubation time 15 days.
(5) it selects the algae that plate upper volume is larger, color is greener and drops into capable screening, its list algae is fallen and is inoculated in equipped with culture It is cultivated in the shaking flask of the 50mL of the culture medium for the BG11 that volume is 20mL, pH value is 9.Cultivation temperature is 25 DEG C, and shaking table turns Speed is 120rpm, and intensity of illumination 5000Lux, light dark period is that for 24 hours, brightness time ratio is 14:10, after culture 10 days, measurement The OD of algae solution in shaking flask680Value, according to OD680Size, select the bigger tolerance PH9 of OD value algae strain carry out domestication sieve Choosing.
(6) by the algae filtered out strain in the 250mL of PH of the ratio access containing 100mL of the 1:10 BG11 culture solution for being 10 Shaking flask in carry out domestication culture, cultivation temperature is 25 DEG C, shaking speed 120rpm, intensity of illumination 3000Lux, brightness week Phase is that for 24 hours, brightness time ratio is 14:10, after culture 3 days, rejects the algae solution of yellowish in the dust, measures in remaining shaking flask The OD of algae solution680Value, according to OD680Size, select OD value it is bigger tolerance PH10 algae strain further domestication.PH is mentioned Up to 10.5,11.0,11.5, are further tamed under above-mentioned the same terms, select the bigger algae strain of OD value, and the strain of this algae is It is resistant to the target algae strain FSH-Y3 of high PH.
The strain of embodiment 2 original algae is with mutagenesis algae plant at different PH compared with growth rate
By the algae solution of the algae solution of the logarithmic growth phase of the algae strain FSH-Y3 of screening and the logarithmic growth phase of original algae FSH-3 Access is equipped in the shaking flask of BG11 culture medium according to a certain percentage, initial OD after inoculation680It is worth identical, is 0.2.From reactor Bottom is passed through CO2Content is the gas of 5v%, is cultivated 7 days under different pH values, and OD is measured680It is worth as the finger for measuring the speed of growth Mark, resulting the results are shown in Table 3.
Compared with the OD value of the strain of table 3 original algae and mutagenesis algae plant under different PH
Seen from table 3, the strain of mutagenesis algae is unobvious as the raising OD value of pH value changes, and under original algae strain OD value is rapid Drop, slow growth, in addition it is dead.
The comparison of the growth result of embodiment 3 FSH-Y3 and FSH-3
The algae solution of the FSH-Y3 of logarithmic growth phase and FSH-3 is seeded in BG11 culture medium respectively to cultivate, culture exists (internal diameter 40mm, highly to carry out in 500mm), the density after inoculation is adjusted to OD to the homemade column reactor in laboratory680For 0.2.According to test needs, the CO of different content is assembled2Then gas is passed through from reactor bottom.Illumination is strong in incubation Degree is 5000Lux, and cultivation temperature is 28 DEG C, and 11, periodicity of illumination is that for 24 hours, brightness time ratio is 14:10, culture for pH value control Time is 7 days, and frustule is collected after culture, measures algae dried bean noodles weight after vacuum freeze drying to constant weight under the conditions of -60 DEG C, Calculate yield of biomass.The results are shown in Table 4.
4 difference CO of table2The effect of content compares
From the results, it was seen that intending chlorella FSH-Y3 than initial algae strain FSH-3 to CO by the kelvin of acclimation and screening2With PH has better tolerance, and biomass stability is good.
SEQUENCE LISTING
<110>Sinopec Group
China Petroleum and Chemical Corporation Fushun Petrochemical Research Institute
<120>a kind of kelvin for being resistant to high PH intends chlorella and its culture application
<130>new patent application
<170> PatentIn version 3.5
<211> 1421
<212> DNA
<213> Parachlorella kessleri
<400> 1
gtagtcatat gcttgtctca aagattaagc catgcatgtc taagtataaa ctgctttata 60
ctgtgaaact gcgaatggct cattaaatca gttatagttt atttgatggt accttactac 120
cggataaccg tagtaattct agagctaata cgtgcgtaaa tcccgacttc tggaagggac 180
gtatttatta gatttaaggc cgacccggct ctgccggtcc cacggtgaat catgataact 240
tcacgaatcg catggccttg cgccggcgat gtttcattca aatttctgcc ctatcaactt 300
tcgatggtag gatagaggcc taccatggtg gtaacgggtg acggaggatt agggttcgat 360
tccggagagg gagcctgaga aacggctacc acatccaagg aaggcagcag gcgcgcaaat 420
tacccaatcc tgacacaggg aggtagtgac aataaataac aataccgggc cttttcaggt 480
ctggtaattg gaatgagtac aatctaaacc ccttaacgag gatcaattgg agggcaagtc 540
tggtgccagc agccgcggta attccagctc caatagcgta tatttaagtt gctgcagtta 600
aaaagctcgt agttggattt cgggcggggc ctgccggtcc gccgtttcgg tgtgcactgg 660
ccgggcccgc cttgttgccg gggacgggct cctgggcttc actgtccggg actcggagtc 720
ggcgctgtta ctttgagtaa attagagtgt tcaaagcagg cctacgctct gaatacatta 780
gcatggaata acacgatagg actctggcct atcctgttgg tctgtaggac cggagtaatg 840
attaagaggg acagtcgggg gcattcgtat ttcgatgtca gaggtgaaat tcttggattt 900
tcgaaagacg aactactgcg aaagcatttg ccaaggatgt tttcattaat caagaacgaa 960
agttgggggc tcgaagacga ttagataccg tcctagtctc aaccataaac gatgccgact 1020
agggatcggc ggatgtttct tcgatgactc cgccggcacc ttatgagaaa tcaaagtttt 1080
tgggttccgg ggggagtatg gtcgcaaggc tgaaacttaa aggaattgac ggaagggcac 1140
caccaggcgt ggagcctgcg gcttaatttg actcaacacg ggaaaactta ccaggtccag 1200
acatagtgag gattgacaga ttgagagctc tttcttgatt ctatgggtgg tggtgcatgg 1260
ccgttcttag ttggtgggtt gccttgtcag gttgattccg gtaacgaacg agacctcagc 1320
ctgctaaata gtcacggtct cctcgggggc cggcagactt cttagaggga ctattggcga 1380
ctagccaatg gaagcatgag gcaataacag gtctgtgatg c 1421

Claims (5)

1. a kind of kelvin for being resistant to high PH intends chlorella, intend Chlorella mutant strain FSH-Y3 for kelvin, classification naming isParachlorella kessleri, it is general that China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms has been preserved on May 26th, 2014 Logical microorganism center, deposit number are CGMCC No. 9238.
2. kelvin described in accordance with the claim 1 intends chlorella in fixed CO2In application.
3. kelvin described in accordance with the claim 1 intends application of the chlorella in production microalgae grease.
4. kelvin described in accordance with the claim 1 intends chlorella produces microalgae grease fixed CO simultaneously at high PH2In application.
5. applying according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: algae strain fixes two in the case where PH is 10~12 growth conditions Carbonoxide simultaneously carries out the rich grease-contained biomass of illumination autophyting growth acquisition, utilizes BG11 or SE fresh water culture medium culture, culture 1500~20000Lux of intensity of illumination, temperature is 15~40 DEG C, and the initial p H of culture solution is 8.0~9.0, and each PH is improved 0.5~1.0, until improving to 10~12, enters stationary phase within culture 7 days, harvest frustule.
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