CN106467766A - 一种改善生物质燃油碳烟颗粒低温分散性的方法 - Google Patents

一种改善生物质燃油碳烟颗粒低温分散性的方法 Download PDF

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CN106467766A
CN106467766A CN201610843136.8A CN201610843136A CN106467766A CN 106467766 A CN106467766 A CN 106467766A CN 201610843136 A CN201610843136 A CN 201610843136A CN 106467766 A CN106467766 A CN 106467766A
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胡献国
刘天霞
徐玉福
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种改善生物质燃油碳烟颗粒低温分散性的方法,其特征在于:将润滑油胺类无灰分散剂和钙盐清净分散剂均匀分散到润滑油基础油中,以改善生物质燃油碳烟颗粒在润滑油中的低温分散性,从而解决生物质燃油碳烟所引起的油增稠问题。本发明通过选择合适的分散剂加入到润滑油基础油中,改善了生物质燃油碳烟颗粒的低温分散性,可促进生物质燃油作为发动机替代燃料的应用。

Description

一种改善生物质燃油碳烟颗粒低温分散性的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种改善生物质燃油碳烟颗粒低温分散性的方法,属于润滑油添加剂领域。
背景技术
随着环保要求的逐渐提高,重负荷柴油机多采用发动机燃油延迟喷射技术及尾气再循环(EGR)技术以减少汽车尾气污染物排放,使得机油中碳烟污染物的含量越来越高,由此造成系列危害:增大关键部件的磨损、油品黏度增长过快、加速油品氧化和碱值消耗、机油过滤器堵塞、形成油泥等(Tribology Letters,2014,55:329–341),减少碳烟污染危害的主要途径是提高润滑油对碳烟的分散能力,工业上主要是通过添加各种清净分散剂来解决这一问题。
生物质油属于可再生清洁能源,采用减压蒸馏分离出稻壳基生物质原油中的轻组分油,按质量浓度5%与柴油乳化所得的生物质燃油可在柴油机中正常使用,此生物质燃油燃烧产生的生物质燃油碳烟是由一次颗粒直径约40nm的球形颗粒组成的团聚体,颗粒内部呈微细的石墨乱层结构,与0#柴油碳烟相比,生物质燃油碳烟的表面氧含量高、比表面积小,表面能低,亲油性强,在液体石蜡中团聚倾向低(化工学报,2015,66(10):4123-4130),这些不同于柴油碳烟的性质对分散剂的作用效果也有影响。由于分散剂的分散和增溶作用与碳烟颗粒的表面特性关系密切,而碳烟颗粒的表面特性又与燃油的种类与组成有关,新型生物质燃油碳烟颗粒与分散剂间的相互作用是生物质燃油发动机润滑油配方研究中必要内容。另一方面,柴油机中的沉积物包括在活塞表面生成的漆膜和积炭等高温沉积物以及在润滑油中形成的“油泥”等低温沉积物。低温沉积物“油泥”主要来自燃料的不完全燃烧产物随着窜气进入机油中所致。清净分散剂的清净作用主要作用于高温沉积物,而分散和增溶作用主要针对低温沉积物。新燃油、新碳烟、新油泥必然会对分散剂的低温分散性能提出新要求。
发明内容
本发明旨在提供一种改善生物质燃油碳烟颗粒低温分散性的方法,从而解决生物质燃油碳烟所引起的油增稠问题,为生物质燃油发动机的机油配方打下基础,以促进生物质燃油作为发动机替代燃料的应用。
本发明解决技术问题,采用如下技术方案:
一种改善生物质燃油碳烟颗粒低温分散性的方法,其特点在于:将润滑油胺类无灰分散剂和钙盐清净分散剂均匀分散到润滑油基础油中,以改善生物质燃油碳烟颗粒在润滑油中的低温分散性,从而解决生物质燃油碳烟所引起的油增稠问题;
所述润滑油胺类无灰分散剂的添加量占润滑基础油质量的0.5~5.0wt%;
所述钙盐清净分散剂的添加量占润滑基础油质量的0.5~5.0wt%;
所述的润滑油胺类无灰分散剂为聚异丁烯丁二酰亚胺(T154)或聚异丁烯多丁二酰亚胺分散剂(T161)。
所述的钙盐清净分散剂为高碱值合成磺酸钙(T106)、烷基水杨酸钙(T109)或高碱值硫化烷基酚钙(T115B)。
所述的分散方法为:将润滑油胺类无灰分散剂和钙盐清净分散剂按质量浓度配比加入到润滑油基础油中,充分机械搅拌后,再在45kHz、300W下超声分散10min,最后在20℃下磁力搅拌24h,使体系分散吸附达到平衡。
本发明中生物质燃油碳烟颗粒低温分散性的评价方法为黏度法、斑点实验法、沉降法及粒径分布法四种模拟试验方法,评价指标分别为黏度、油泥斑点分散值、清液层高度下降率、及碳烟颗粒团聚体的粒径范围和平均粒径,评价方法参照文献(刘天霞,宋汝鸿,刘一鸣,徐玉福,胡献国.钙盐清净剂对生物质燃油碳烟颗粒的分散性影响[J].化工学报,2016,67(7):3032-3039.)进行。
本发明的有益效果体现在:
本发明改善生物质燃油碳烟颗粒低温分散性的方法,通过选择合适的分散剂加入到润滑油基础油中,改善了生物质燃油碳烟颗粒的低温分散性,解决了生物质燃油碳烟所引起的油增稠问题,可促进生物质燃油作为发动机替代燃料的应用。
本发明采用四种模拟分散方法来考察并选出对生物质燃油碳烟颗粒低温分散性能最好的分散剂组合为:烷基水杨酸钙T109和聚异丁烯多丁二酰亚胺分散剂T161。
附图说明
图1为各实施例的油泥斑点分散值测试结果,其中(a)对应实施例1、(b)对应实施例2、(c)对应实施例3;
图2为各实施例的清液层高度下降率测试结果,其中(a)对应实施例1、(b)对应实施例2、(c)对应实施例3。
具体实施方式
下述实施例所用生物质燃油碳烟颗粒物通过在燃油碳烟捕集器中燃烧生物质燃油制取。实施例1
配制含生物质燃油碳烟颗粒浓度2.0wt%、钙盐清净分散剂T106、T109、T115B质量浓度分别为0、1%、2%、3%、4%、5%的液体石蜡(润滑油基础油模拟物)油样,充分机械搅拌后,在45kHz,300W下超声分散10min,再在20℃下磁力搅拌24h使体系分散吸附达到平衡,碳烟均匀分散,待用。
实施例2
配制含生物质燃油碳烟颗粒浓度2.0wt%、胺类无灰分散剂T154、T161质量浓度为0、1%、2%、3%、4%、5%的液体石蜡(润滑油基础油模拟物)油样,充分机械搅拌后,在45kHz,300W下超声分散10min,再在20℃下磁力搅拌24h使体系分散吸附达到平衡,碳烟均匀分散,待用。
实施例3
配制含生物质燃油碳烟颗粒浓度2.0wt%、复合清净分散剂T161+T109(T161和T109按质量比1:1配比)总质量浓度为0、1%、2%、3%、4%、5%的液体石蜡(润滑油基础油模拟物)油样,充分机械搅拌后,在45kHz,300W下超声分散10min,再在20℃下磁力搅拌24h使体系分散吸附达到平衡,碳烟均匀分散,待用。
按照黏度法、斑点实验法、沉降法及粒径分布法四种模拟试验方法,对实施例1-3中调配好的润滑油进行生物质燃油碳烟颗粒低温分散性测试评价,评价指标分别为黏度、油泥斑点分散值、清液层高度下降率、碳烟颗粒团聚体的粒径范围和平均粒径,并与未添加分散剂的润滑油进行对比,总体评价结论见下表。其中实施例1各样品的油泥斑点分散值和清液层高度下降率的结果分别参见图1a和图2a:由图1a可知三种钙盐清净剂均能明显提高油泥斑点分散值,但影响规律不同,在添加浓度范围内,加T109时高油泥斑点分散值最大,说明三种钙盐清净剂中T109对生物质燃油碳烟颗粒在液体石蜡中分散效果最好;从图2a可以看出,随着钙盐清净剂添加浓度的增加,清液层高度下降率逐渐上升,生物质燃油碳烟颗粒在液体石蜡中的分散性增强,说明三种钙盐清净剂对提高生物质燃油碳烟颗粒分散性均有作用,但从整体来说T115B对生物质燃油碳烟颗粒在液体石蜡中的分散作用最差,T106效果较好,T109最好。实施例2各样品的油泥斑点分散值和清液层高度下降率的结果分别参见图1b和图2b:从图1b中可以看出,加T154和T161均可明显提高油泥斑点分散值,但添加T161时油泥斑点分散值稍大,说明在液体石蜡中T161对生物质燃油碳烟颗粒的分散效果更好;从图2b可以看出,随着T154和T161添加浓度的增加,清液层高度下降率快速上升,生物质燃油碳烟颗粒在液体石蜡中的分散性增强,但从整体来说添加T161时分散效果较好。实施例3各样品的油泥斑点分散值和清液层高度下降率的结果分别参见图1c和图2c,从图1c和图2c可以看出,T161和T109对生物质燃油碳烟颗粒的分散有协同作用,复合清净分散剂T161+T109分散效果明显好于单剂添加。
根据以上的实验结果,表明所选钙盐清净分散剂与胺类无灰分散剂均能有效改善生物质燃油碳烟颗粒低温分散性,在实验浓度范围内、相同添加剂浓度下,钙盐清净分散剂中T109、胺类无灰分散剂中T161对生物质燃油碳烟颗粒在液体石蜡中的分散效果相对较好,但二者组成的复合剂分散效果最好。

Claims (3)

1.一种改善生物质燃油碳烟颗粒低温分散性的方法,其特征在于:将润滑油胺类无灰分散剂和钙盐清净分散剂均匀分散到润滑油基础油中,以改善生物质燃油碳烟颗粒在润滑油中的低温分散性,从而解决生物质燃油碳烟所引起的油增稠问题;
所述润滑油胺类无灰分散剂的添加量占润滑基础油质量的0.5~5.0wt%;
所述钙盐清净分散剂的添加量占润滑基础油质量的0.5~5.0wt%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的改善生物质燃油碳烟颗粒低温分散性的方法,其特征在于:所述的润滑油胺类无灰分散剂为聚异丁烯丁二酰亚胺T154或聚异丁烯多丁二酰亚胺分散剂T161;所述的钙盐清净分散剂为高碱值合成磺酸钙T106、烷基水杨酸钙T109或高碱值硫化烷基酚钙T115B。
3.根据权利要求1所述的改善生物质燃油碳烟颗粒低温分散性的方法,其特征在于:所述的分散方法为:将润滑油胺类无灰分散剂和钙盐清净分散剂按质量浓度配比加入到润滑油基础油中,充分机械搅拌后,再在45kHz、300W下超声分散10min,最后在20℃下磁力搅拌24h,使体系分散吸附达到平衡。
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