CN106464514A - Message distribution method, apparatus and system in hybrid network - Google Patents
Message distribution method, apparatus and system in hybrid network Download PDFInfo
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- CN106464514A CN106464514A CN201480007423.4A CN201480007423A CN106464514A CN 106464514 A CN106464514 A CN 106464514A CN 201480007423 A CN201480007423 A CN 201480007423A CN 106464514 A CN106464514 A CN 106464514A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
Abstract
Provided is a load sharing method in a Hybrid G.fast network. A CPE sends a supported load sharing method to a convergence device. The convergence device shares a message from a network side to a G.fast channel and a VDSL2 channel according to the load sharing method, and sends same to the CPE, so as to ensure that the CPE uses the correct method to combine a received message.
Description
The present invention relates to the message distributing method in the communications field, more particularly to hybrid network, device and system.
Hybrid network (Hybrid networks) is currently as a kind of trend, and Hybrid networks refer to bind together different physical channels to provide the network of higher transmission bandwidth.In access network field, Hybrid G.fast are as a kind of Hybrid networks, by the extensive favor of operator.
G.fast uses TDD (Time Division Duplex, time division duplex) technology, compared to VDSL2 (Very-high-speed Digital Subscriber Line 2, very high speed digital subscriber lines 2), G.fast is matched with more flexible up-downgoing speed.G.fast can achieve over the ultrahigh speed broadband access of 1G bits by twisted pair line connection in short distance, and access rate is ten times of VDSL2 access rates, thus optical fiber can not needed just to realize that gigabit ultrahigh speed is accessed.
Hybrid G.fast refer to bind G.fast physical channels and other physical channels, different physical channels takes different frequency ranges, in order to reduce the crosstalk between different physical channels, generally by the way of frequency division multiplexing, such as 0M-2.2M is used as ADSL, 2.2M-17M and is used as VDSL2,23M-106M as G.fast.Because VDSL2 can carry highest 120Mbps flow, G.fast can carry highest 1Gbps flow, in order to make full use of frequency spectrum, when some user is accessed using G.fast, in addition to using G.fast passages, data traffic can also be carried by VDSL2 passages, message carries out load sharing on G.fast passages and VDSL2 passages.Specifically, message is distributed to G.fast passages with VDSL2 passages, being merged by convergence device by up direction CPE (Customer Premises Equipment, customer premises equipment, CPE)；Message is distributed to G.fast passages with VDSL2 passages, being merged Business Stream by CPE by down direction on convergence device.
When using G.fast passages and VDSL2 passage load sharings, the equipment for being responsible for merging needs to know the load sharing mode that discharge device is used, and so could correctly merge message, but does not have this mechanism currently.
The content of the invention
One embodiment of the invention provides the file transmitting method in a kind of hybrid network, the hybrid network includes convergence device and customer premises equipment, CPE, it is connected between the convergence device and the customer premises equipment, CPE by Digital Subscriber Line, being provided with the Digital Subscriber Line at least includes multiple passages of the passage of very high speed digital subscriber lines 2 and G.fast passages；Methods described includes：
The load sharing mode that the convergence device is sent from customer premises equipment, CPE described in a channel reception in the multiple passage；
The convergence device is sent to the customer premises equipment, CPE according to the message of automatic network in the load sharing mode future side by the passage of very high speed digital subscriber lines 2 and G.fast passages.
One embodiment of the invention provides the convergence device in a kind of hybrid network, the convergence device connects to be provided with customer premises equipment, CPE, the Digital Subscriber Line by number of users wordline at least includes multiple passages of the passage of very high speed digital subscriber lines 2 and G.fast passages；The convergence device includes：
The transceiver of very high speed digital subscriber lines 2, for sending and receiving the message of very high speed digital subscriber lines 2 by the passage of very high speed digital subscriber lines 2；
G.fast transceivers, for passing through the G.fast channel receptions and transmission G.fast messages；
Message distributor, the customer premises equipment, CPE is sent to for the message of load sharing mode automatic network in future side that is reported according to the customer premises equipment, CPE by the passage of very high speed digital subscriber lines 2 and G.fast passages.
One embodiment of the invention provides a kind of hybrid network, including convergence device and customer premises equipment, CPE, it is connected between the convergence device and the customer premises equipment, CPE by Digital Subscriber Line, being provided with the Digital Subscriber Line at least includes multiple passages of the passage of very high speed digital subscriber lines 2 and G.fast passages；
The party equipment, for the load sharing mode sent from customer premises equipment, CPE described in a channel reception in the multiple passage；And the customer premises equipment, CPE is sent to by the passage of very high speed digital subscriber lines 2 and G.fast passages according to the message of automatic network in the load sharing mode future side.
The methods, devices and systems that the present invention is provided, are sent to convergence device, convergence device realizes load sharing according to the load sharing mode on G.fast passages and VDSL2 passages by CPE by load sharing mode, it is ensured that and CPE correctly converges/merge message.
In order to illustrate more clearly about the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, below will be to implementing
The accompanying drawing used required in example or description of the prior art is briefly described, apparently, drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, without having to pay creative labor, other accompanying drawings can also be obtained according to these accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is the Organization Chart of hybrid network provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2-4 is the Organization Chart of hybrid network provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of convergence device provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is the message transmission process schematic diagram provided in an embodiment of the present invention that mode is carried on a shoulder pole by flow point；
Fig. 7 is the message transmission process schematic diagram provided in an embodiment of the present invention that mode is shared by bag；
Fig. 8 is the message transmission process schematic diagram provided in an embodiment of the present invention that mode is shared by cell；
Fig. 9 is the flow chart of file transmitting method provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is clearly and completely described, it is clear that described embodiment is only a part of embodiment of the invention, rather than whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, the every other embodiment that those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained under the premise of creative work is not made belongs to the scope of protection of the invention.
One embodiment of the invention provides a kind of hybrid network, as shown in figure 1, including convergence device 10 and CPE12, convergence device 10 is connected by DSL14 with CPE12.Wherein, being provided with DSL14 at least includes a variety of passages of VDSL2 passages and G.fast passages, optionally, and ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line, Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line) passage etc. can also be included in DSL14.
In the present embodiment, convergence device 10 can be BRAS (Broadband Remote Access Server, Broadband Remote Access Server), OLT (Optical Line Terminal, optical line terminal), it can also be positioned at DPU (Dispatching Unit, Dispatching Unit) between OLT and CPE12 etc..
Fig. 2 is hybrid network Organization Chart when convergence device is BRAS, in fig. 2, FTTS (Fiber-to-the Screen, optical fiber is to screen)/FTTB (Fiber-to-the Building, Fiber To The Building) 24 G.fast Business Streams are sent to by OLT28 by optical fiber, FTTC (Fiber-to-the Curb, Fiber To The Curb) VDSL2 Business Streams are sent to by OLT26 by optical fiber, the VDSL2 Business Streams that the G.fast Business Streams and OLT26 that OLT28 is received are received are sent to BRAS20 and converge/merge；Descending process is then by business by BRAS20
Flow point is dealt on OLT26 and OLT28, and Business Stream progress is converged/merged on CPE12.
Fig. 3 is hybrid network Organization Chart when convergence device is OLT, and in figure 3, G.fast Business Streams are sent to OLT30 by FTTS/B16, and VDSL2 Business Streams are sent to OLT30 by FTTC17, is converged G.fast Business Streams and VDSL2 Business Streams by OLT30.
Fig. 4 be convergence device be Dispatching Unit FTTS/B when mixed network structure figure, from Fig. 3 unlike, be in Fig. 4 by FTTS/B42 will be up during G.fast Business Streams and VDSL2 Business Streams convergence.
Wherein, Business Stream is made up of a series of purpose IP address, source IP address, purpose UDP (User Datagram Protocol, User Datagram Protocol) port, source udp port identical message.
In the hybrid network that the present invention is provided, convergence device 10 needs to realize load sharing on G.fast passages and VDSL2 passages, by CPE12 by the G.fast Business Streams received and VDSL2 Business Streams convergence/merging, to ensure that CPE12 can correctly converge/merge the Business Stream received, convergence device 10 needs and CPE12 consults load sharing mode.Specific negotiations process can be that the load sharing mode of support is reported into convergence device 10 by CPE12, and the load sharing mode that convergence device 10 is reported according to CPE12 shares the message of network side is sent to CPE12 on G.fast passages and VDSL2 passages.
As an example, CPE12 can select one kind to be sent to convergence device 10 from following three kinds of load sharing modes：
(1) shared by stream load；
(2) bag load sharing is pressed；And
(3) cell (CELL) load sharing is pressed.
CPE12 can select a passage that the load sharing mode of support is issued into convergence device 10 from multiple passages, such as G.fast passages or VDSL2 passages, if there is other passages such as ADSL passages in these passages, the load sharing mode of support can also be issued convergence device 10 by CPE12 by ADSL passages, and the present embodiment is not construed as limiting to specific sendaisle.
Convergence device 10 is received after the load sharing mode that CPE12 is reported, and was at that time shared the message that network side is received according to the load sharing and is sent to CPE12 on G.fast passages and VDSL2 passages.
Specific transmission process is as follows：
(1) for being shared by stream load
The message that convergence device 10 receives network side is shared in units of Business Stream according to the rule pre-set is sent to CPE12 on G.fast passages and VDSL2 passages, in this manner, complete for one
Business Stream is generally only sent to CPE12 by a passage.
(2) it is directed to bag load sharing
Convergence device 10 needs to set up a tunnel in logic between convergence device 10 and CPE12, the tunnel is formed by G.fast passages and VDSL2 combination of channels, it can be that the parameter needed for setting up tunnel is sent to CPE12 by convergence device 10 specifically to set up process, it is configured by CPE12 to local so as to set up tunnel, these parameters include source IP address, purpose IP address and Tunnel Identifier etc..
After tunnel is established, the message that network side is received is stamped corresponding sequence number by convergence device 10, serialized message is sent to CPE12 by the tunnel on G.fast passages and VDSL2 passages according to the rule pre-set, the message received resequenced according to the sequence number in message by CPE12.
(3) for being shared by cell payloads
Polymerization unit 10 splits into the message of network side the cell of setting length, and these cells are stamped to share according to rule set in advance after sequence number and are sent to CPE12 on G.fast passages and VDSL2 passages by such as 256B.
Above is three kinds of main flow load sharing modes, it is only for example, the embodiment of the present invention is not limited to these three.
The distribution rule pre-set on convergence device 10 can be one passage of prioritizing selection, such as G.fast passages, another passage is selected when congestion occurs in the passage, can also be selected according to the idle condition of G.fast passages and VDSL2 passages, specific selection mode has a variety of, does not limit herein.
The hybrid system that the present embodiment is provided, is sent to convergence device, convergence device realizes load sharing according to the load sharing mode on G.fast passages and VDSL2 passages by CPE by load sharing mode, it is ensured that and CPE correctly converges/merge message.
One embodiment of the invention provides a kind of convergence device, and the convergence device can be by DSL connection CPE, and being provided with DSL at least includes multiple passages of VDSL2 passages and G.fast passages；As shown in figure 5, the convergence device 50 includes VDSL2 transceivers 503, G.fast transceivers 505 and message distributor 501 etc..
VDSL2 transceivers 503, for sending and receiving VDSL2 messages by the VDSL2 passages；
G.fast transceivers 505, for passing through the G.fast channel receptions and transmission G.fast messages；
Message distributor 501, for the message according to CPE load sharing mode automatic network in the future sides reported
The CPE is sent to by the VDSL2 passages and G.fast passages.
The load sharing mode that CPE reports message distributor 501 can be shared by stream load, shared by bag load sharing and by cell payloads in one kind.
Specifically, when CPE reports the load sharing mode of message distributor 501 to share mode by stream load, message distributor 501 is in units of Business Stream, rule according to pre-setting shares Business Stream is sent to CPE on VDSL2 passages and G.fast passages, a usual complete Business Stream is sent by a passage, as shown in fig. 6, Business Stream 1 is sent by VDSL2 passages, Business Stream 2 is sent by G.fast passages.
When the load sharing mode that CPE is reported for when sharing mode by bag, message distributor 501 needs to set up a tunnel in logic between convergence device 50 and CPE, the tunnel is made up of VDSL2 passages and G.fast passages, specifically include and the parameter needed for setting up tunnel is sent to CPE, it is configured by CPE12 to local so as to set up tunnel, these parameters include source IP address, purpose IP address and Tunnel Identifier etc., naturally it is also possible to only include sequence number.After tunnel is established, the message that network side is received is stamped corresponding sequence number by message distributor 501, serialized message is sent to CPE by the tunnel on G.fast passages and VDSL2 passages according to the rule pre-set, the message received is merged/converged according to the sequence number in message by CPE, it is specific as shown in Figure 7, the Business Stream of network side is split into different messages, stamps to share after corresponding sequence number and is sent to CPE on VDSL2 passages and G.fast passages.
When the load sharing mode that CPE is reported for when sharing mode by cell, message distributor 501 needs to split into the message of network side into the cell being sized, and stamp sequence number, these serialized cells are shared by rule set in advance and are sent to CPE on VDSL2 passages and G.fast passages, as shown in figure 8, the size of cell can be 256B etc. as an example.
The convergence device that the present embodiment is provided also includes memory (not shown), such as ROM (Read Only Memory, read-only storage), RAM (Random Access Memory, random access memory) or Flash (flash memory) etc., for storing the rule pre-set, message distributor 501 shares the message of network side according to these rules is sent to CPE on VDSL2 passages and G.fast passages, default rule can be one passage of prioritizing selection, such as G.fast passages, another passage is selected when congestion occurs in the passage, can also be selected according to the idle condition of G.fast passages and VDSL2 passages.
With the difference of physical location, the convergence device that the present embodiment is provided can be BRAS and OLT, and by FTTX network connections to Dispatching Unit, CPE is connected by DSL by Dispatching Unit；It can also be distribution
Unit, such as FTTS/B, are directly connected to CPE by DSL.
The convergence device that the present embodiment is provided, can receive the load sharing mode that CPE is reported, so as to realize load sharing on G.fast passages and VDSL2 passages according to the load sharing mode, it is ensured that and CPE correctly converges/merge message.
One embodiment of the invention provides the file transmitting method in a kind of hybrid network, the hybrid network is related to convergence device and CPE, it is connected between the convergence device and the CPE by DSL, being provided with the DSL at least includes multiple passages of VDSL2 passages and G.fast passages.The method that is there is provided as shown in figure 9, including：
S900, the load sharing mode that convergence device is sent from a channel reception CPE in multiple passages.
The load sharing mode that convergence device can be sent from a channel reception CPE in multiple passages, such as G.fast passages or VDSL2 passages, if also having other passages such as ADSL passages, the load sharing mode that can also be reported by ADSL channel receptions CPE in these passages.
S902, convergence device is sent to CPE according to the message of automatic network in the load sharing mode future side by VDSL2 passages and G.fast passages.
Specifically, when CPE reports the load sharing mode of message distributor 501 to share mode by stream load, message distributor 501 is in units of Business Stream, rule according to pre-setting, which shares Business Stream, is sent to CPE on VDSL2 passages and G.fast passages, a usual complete Business Stream is sent by a passage.
When the load sharing mode that CPE is reported for when sharing mode by bag, message distributor 501 needs to set up a tunnel for arriving CPE, VDSL2 passages and G.fast passages are bound together by the tunnel, specifically include and the parameter needed for setting up tunnel is sent to CPE, it is configured by CPE12 to local so as to set up tunnel, these parameters include source IP address, purpose IP address and Tunnel Identifier etc..After tunnel is established, the message that network side is received is stamped corresponding sequence number by message distributor 501, serialized message is sent to CPE by the tunnel on G.fast passages and VDSL2 passages according to the rule pre-set, the message received is merged/converged according to the sequence number in message by CPE.
When the load sharing mode that CPE is reported for share mode by cell when, message distributor 501 need by
The message of network side splits into the cell being sized, and these cells are shared by rule set in advance and are sent to CPE on VDSL2 passages and G.fast passages.
Default rule can be one passage of prioritizing selection, and such as G.fast passages select another passage when congestion occurs in the passage or selected according to the idle condition of G.fast passages and VDSL2 passages.
The method that the present embodiment is provided, is sent to convergence device, convergence device realizes load sharing according to the load sharing mode on G.fast passages and VDSL2 passages by CPE by load sharing mode, it is ensured that and CPE correctly converges/merge message.
One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that realizing that all or part of step in above-described embodiment method can be by program to instruct the hardware of correlation to complete, described program can be stored in a computer-readable recording medium, such as ROM/RAM, magnetic disc or CD.
It is described above; only embodiment of the invention; but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto; any one skilled in the art the invention discloses technical scope in; change or replacement can be readily occurred in; it should all be included within the scope of the present invention, therefore, protection scope of the present invention described should be defined by scope of the claims.
Claims (13)
- A kind of file transmitting method in hybrid network, it is characterized in that, the hybrid network includes convergence device and customer premises equipment, CPE, it is connected between the convergence device and the customer premises equipment, CPE by Digital Subscriber Line, being provided with the Digital Subscriber Line at least includes multiple passages of the passage of very high speed digital subscriber lines 2 and G.fast passages；Methods described includes：The load sharing mode that the convergence device is sent from customer premises equipment, CPE described in a channel reception in the multiple passage；The convergence device is sent to the customer premises equipment, CPE according to the message of automatic network in the load sharing mode future side by the passage of very high speed digital subscriber lines 2 and G.fast passages.
- According to the method described in claim 1, it is characterised in that the burden shares mode for one kind in sharing, being shared by bag load sharing and by cell payloads by stream load.
- Method according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, the load sharing mode is is shared by stream load, then the convergence device is sent to the customer premises equipment, CPE by the passage of very high speed digital subscriber lines 2 and G.fast passages according to the message of automatic network in the load sharing mode future side and specifically included：The message that network side is received is shared in units of Business Stream is sent to the customer premises equipment, CPE on the passage of very high speed digital subscriber lines 2 and G.fast passages.
- Method according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, the load sharing mode is that by bag load sharing, then the convergence device is sent to the customer premises equipment, CPE by the passage of very high speed digital subscriber lines 2 and G.fast passages according to the message of automatic network in the load sharing mode future side and specifically included：The convergence device sets up a tunnel between the convergence device and the customer premises equipment, CPE, and the tunnel binds together the passage of very high speed digital subscriber lines 2 and the G.fast passages；The convergence device message received is stamped after corresponding sequence number be sent to by the tunnel it is described Customer premises equipment, CPE.
- Method according to claim 4, it is characterised in that the convergence device is set up the tunnel and specifically included：Parameter needed for setting up tunnel is sent to the CPE, the parameter includes source IP address, purpose IP address and Tunnel Identifier.
- Method according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that the load sharing mode is to be shared by cell payloads,Then the convergence device is sent to the customer premises equipment, CPE by the passage of very high speed digital subscriber lines 2 and G.fast passages according to the message of automatic network in the load sharing mode future side and specifically included：Message is split into cell by the convergence device, and cell is stamped and shares the passage of very high speed digital subscriber lines 2 according to the rule pre-set after corresponding sequence number and G.fast passages are sent to the customer premises equipment, CPE.
- Convergence device in a kind of hybrid network, it is characterised in that the convergence device connects to be provided with customer premises equipment, CPE, the Digital Subscriber Line by number of users wordline at least includes multiple passages of the passage of very high speed digital subscriber lines 2 and G.fast passages；The convergence device includes：The transceiver of very high speed digital subscriber lines 2, for sending and receiving the message of very high speed digital subscriber lines 2 by the passage of very high speed digital subscriber lines 2；G.fast transceivers, for passing through the G.fast channel receptions and transmission G.fast messages；Message distributor, the customer premises equipment, CPE is sent to for the message of load sharing mode automatic network in future side that is reported according to the customer premises equipment, CPE by the passage of very high speed digital subscriber lines 2 and G.fast passages.
- Convergence device according to claim 7, it is characterised in that the message distributor is specifically used In the load sharing mode reported by customer premises equipment, CPE described in the passage of very high speed digital subscriber lines 2 or G.fast channel receptions, the load sharing mode is one kind in sharing, being shared by bag load sharing and by cell payloads by stream load.
- Convergence device according to claim 8, it is characterized in that, the load sharing mode is that by bag load sharing, then the message distributor is additionally operable to the parameter needed for setting up tunnel between the convergence device and the customer premises equipment, CPE being sent to the customer premises equipment, CPE.
- Convergence device according to claim 9, it is characterised in that the parameter includes source IP address, purpose IP address and Tunnel Identifier.
- Convergence device according to claim 7-10 any one, it is characterised in that the convergence device is BAS Broadband Access Server, optical line terminal or is the discharge device between optical line terminal and the customer premises equipment, CPE.
- A kind of hybrid network, it is characterized in that, including convergence device and customer premises equipment, CPE, it is connected between the convergence device and the customer premises equipment, CPE by Digital Subscriber Line, being provided with the Digital Subscriber Line at least includes multiple passages of the passage of very high speed digital subscriber lines 2 and G.fast passages；The party equipment, for the load sharing mode sent from customer premises equipment, CPE described in a channel reception in the multiple passage；And the customer premises equipment, CPE is sent to by the passage of very high speed digital subscriber lines 2 and G.fast passages according to the message of automatic network in the load sharing mode future side.
- Hybrid network according to claim 12, it is characterised in that the convergence device is Dispatching Unit, the hybrid network also includes optical line terminal, and the optical line terminal connects the Dispatching Unit by optical fiber.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/CN2014/092660 WO2016086334A1 (en) | 2014-12-01 | 2014-12-01 | Message distribution method, apparatus and system in hybrid network |
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| CN106464514A true CN106464514A (en) | 2017-02-22 |
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101977144A (en) * | 2010-10-20 | 2011-02-16 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Data link protection method and system based on load sharing mode |
| CN103098412A (en) * | 2012-10-29 | 2013-05-08 | 华为技术有限公司 | Initialization method, device and system |
| US20140050105A1 (en) * | 2012-08-15 | 2014-02-20 | Futurewei Technologies, Inc. | Traffic-Adaptive Repeated Transmission |
| CN103634086A (en) * | 2012-08-28 | 2014-03-12 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Method for adjusting uplink and downlink time allocation, system, local-side equipment and customer premise equipment (CPE) |
| CN104038252A (en) * | 2013-03-10 | 2014-09-10 | 潘泰祥 | Fault detection method and apparatus for copper cable system |
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2014
- 2014-12-01 CN CN201480007423.4A patent/CN106464514A/en active Pending
- 2014-12-01 WO PCT/CN2014/092660 patent/WO2016086334A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101977144A (en) * | 2010-10-20 | 2011-02-16 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Data link protection method and system based on load sharing mode |
| US20140050105A1 (en) * | 2012-08-15 | 2014-02-20 | Futurewei Technologies, Inc. | Traffic-Adaptive Repeated Transmission |
| CN103634086A (en) * | 2012-08-28 | 2014-03-12 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Method for adjusting uplink and downlink time allocation, system, local-side equipment and customer premise equipment (CPE) |
| CN103098412A (en) * | 2012-10-29 | 2013-05-08 | 华为技术有限公司 | Initialization method, device and system |
| CN104038252A (en) * | 2013-03-10 | 2014-09-10 | 潘泰祥 | Fault detection method and apparatus for copper cable system |
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| WO2016086334A1 (en) | 2016-06-09 |
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Application publication date: 20170222 |