CN106460484B - 用于螺杆泵的具有惯性质量的止回阀 - Google Patents

用于螺杆泵的具有惯性质量的止回阀 Download PDF

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CN106460484B
CN106460484B CN201480073500.6A CN201480073500A CN106460484B CN 106460484 B CN106460484 B CN 106460484B CN 201480073500 A CN201480073500 A CN 201480073500A CN 106460484 B CN106460484 B CN 106460484B
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德 格瓦拉 亚历杭德罗·拉德龙
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B34/00—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells
    • E21B34/06—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells in wells
    • E21B34/08—Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells in wells responsive to flow or pressure of the fluid obtained
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/12—Methods or apparatus for controlling the flow of the obtained fluid to or in wells
    • E21B43/121—Lifting well fluids
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/12—Methods or apparatus for controlling the flow of the obtained fluid to or in wells
    • E21B43/121—Lifting well fluids
    • E21B43/126—Adaptations of down-hole pump systems powered by drives outside the borehole, e.g. by a rotary or oscillating drive
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C13/00—Adaptations of machines or pumps for special use, e.g. for extremely high pressures
    • F04C13/008—Pumps for submersible use, i.e. down-hole pumping
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C14/00—Control of, monitoring of, or safety arrangements for, machines, pumps or pumping installations
    • F04C14/28—Safety arrangements; Monitoring
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C15/00—Component parts, details or accessories of machines, pumps or pumping installations, not provided for in groups F04C2/00 - F04C14/00
    • F04C15/06—Arrangements for admission or discharge of the working fluid, e.g. constructional features of the inlet or outlet
    • F04C15/064—Arrangements for admission or discharge of the working fluid, e.g. constructional features of the inlet or outlet with inlet and outlet valves specially adapted for rotary or oscillating piston machines or pumps
    • F04C15/066—Arrangements for admission or discharge of the working fluid, e.g. constructional features of the inlet or outlet with inlet and outlet valves specially adapted for rotary or oscillating piston machines or pumps of the non-return type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C2/00—Rotary-piston machines or pumps
    • F04C2/08—Rotary-piston machines or pumps of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing
    • F04C2/10—Rotary-piston machines or pumps of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of internal-axis type with the outer member having more teeth or tooth-equivalents, e.g. rollers, than the inner member
    • F04C2/107—Rotary-piston machines or pumps of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of internal-axis type with the outer member having more teeth or tooth-equivalents, e.g. rollers, than the inner member with helical teeth
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C2/00—Rotary-piston machines or pumps
    • F04C2/08—Rotary-piston machines or pumps of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing
    • F04C2/10—Rotary-piston machines or pumps of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of internal-axis type with the outer member having more teeth or tooth-equivalents, e.g. rollers, than the inner member
    • F04C2/107—Rotary-piston machines or pumps of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of internal-axis type with the outer member having more teeth or tooth-equivalents, e.g. rollers, than the inner member with helical teeth
    • F04C2/1071—Rotary-piston machines or pumps of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of internal-axis type with the outer member having more teeth or tooth-equivalents, e.g. rollers, than the inner member with helical teeth the inner and outer member having a different number of threads and one of the two being made of elastic materials, e.g. Moineau type
    • F04C2/1073—Rotary-piston machines or pumps of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of internal-axis type with the outer member having more teeth or tooth-equivalents, e.g. rollers, than the inner member with helical teeth the inner and outer member having a different number of threads and one of the two being made of elastic materials, e.g. Moineau type where one member is stationary while the other member rotates and orbits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C2270/00—Control; Monitoring or safety arrangements
    • F04C2270/70—Safety, emergency conditions or requirements
    • F04C2270/72—Safety, emergency conditions or requirements preventing reverse rotation

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)
  • Check Valves (AREA)
  • Details Of Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Rotary Pumps (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种具有惯性质量的止回阀，该止回阀安装在生产油管的底部且在油井的螺杆泵(PCP)上方，所述阀在静液柱的人为上升因PCP停止而停止时防止生产油管内的静液柱下降。防止这种现象发生防止了PCP在与其正常操作的方向相反的方向上旋转，且防止被沉积在其中的颗粒材料阻塞。

Description

用于螺杆泵的具有惯性质量的止回阀
技术领域
本发明涉及机械工程领域，且应用于油气行业。
具体而言，本发明应用于使用PCP的油井。
背景技术
标题为“燃油泵中的改进系统(Improvement System in a fuel pump)”的专利请求第2006027513号具有一种燃料供应系统，该燃料供应系统包括燃料泵、控制器和脉动电路。燃料泵具有电机，该电机包括配置绕组，该绕组以第一张力的最大效能操作至预期负载。控制器包括脉动宽度调制器，该脉动宽度调制器产生致动电机的电信号。在正常操作状态下，电路起到脉动阶跃(impulse step)的作用，并生成以第一电压调制的激励信号以控制泵的输出。然而，当施加于电机的负载超过预期负载时，脉动电路用于将激励信号缩放至大于第一张力的第二张力。第二张力将电机驱动至超过最大效率的张力，但总体上使系统的效率更高。
另一方面，标题为“具有逸出脉动的衰减的线性泵(Linear Pump withattenuation of escape pulsations)”的专利申请第20060034709号描述了一种具有轴向对准的气缸和活塞装置的线性泵，该活塞装置由电磁电机驱动，该电磁电机具有限定由隔膜覆盖的腔体的逸出相机。该隔膜可响应于逸出相机中的压力波动而移动到腔体中以减小流出逸出相机的气流的脉动。隔膜安装在由支撑环形成中空的腔体上方，该支撑环具有允许空气作用于隔膜的开口中心。
由于泵源自螺杆泵，因此上述专利未有效地实现抽吸泵的优化。
螺杆泵(PCP)为顺时针旋转以将油从井底部提升至表面的机器。为此，使用了位于表面上并具有电机和减速器的机器，该机器负责提供必要的旋转和使该泵移动的动力。还使用了将PCP转子与该表面连接的一串杆。这些杆的测量大约为6米，但钻柱可在300m至3000m之间测量，该钻柱为各种这些(量油尺)的联合体；这些量油尺将机器的动力和旋转从表面传输至泵。目前的问题是，当PCP停止时，其上方的静液柱使得PCP在与其正常操作相反的方向上旋转。在某些情况下，这因与石油开采物混合的颗粒物质(例如，砂)而对泵产生阻碍。这还表示存在一个小时至两个小时的估算延时，这因为不可能在PCP沿与其正常操作相反的方向旋转时启动PCP。该不当罢工在该行业代表了数以百万计的损失。
哥伦比亚专利“用于螺杆泵(PCP)的止回阀(Check valve for progressivecavities pumps(PCP))”描述了一种用于螺杆泵(PCP)的止回阀，其试图优化PCP的操作，但其未有效地使静液柱有效地反向作用，因此有待改进。
在石油生产中，通常使用螺杆泵，且仍需要防止该机器反向旋转。
该技术问题的有效解决方案可减少该人为上升系统的操作成本。
基于防止螺杆泵反向旋转的第一阀设计开发了本发明，该第一阀设计将利用相关调节来优化其性能。
发明内容
本发明涉及一种具有惯性质量的止回阀，该止回阀安装在生产油管底部且在油井螺杆泵(PCP)上方，其在静液柱的人为上升(artificial lift)因PCP停滞而停止时防止生产油管内的静液柱下降。
如果我们阻止这种现象发生，则PCP将不会在与其正常操作相反的方向上旋转，且将不会被其所容纳的任何颗粒材料阻塞。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了一种具有惯性质量的止回阀，该止回阀安装在生产油管底部且在油井PCP上方，其在人为上升由于PCP停止而暂停时防止生产油管内的静液柱下降。在避免该现象出现时，我们得知PCP不会在与其正常工作相反的方向上转动，且PCP不会由于与石油开采物混合的颗粒物质(例如，将位于PCP上的砂)而被阻塞。
用于螺杆泵的具有惯性质量的止回阀由八个部件构成，这八个部件分别为：上锁定螺母、阀杆、活塞、活塞盖、螺纹接头、下锁定螺母、内衬垫和外衬垫。活塞轴向地移动通过阀杆，并坐置于形成液压密封的螺纹接头上。当活塞未坐置时，允许流体的人为上升，并且活塞由于其几何特征而被嵌入上锁定螺母内，该上锁定螺母耦接在阀杆的左上螺钉内，以与阀杆共同旋转。
该用于螺杆泵的止回阀具有惯性质量是指活塞所具有的重量。活塞的重量改进了其下降运动，这保证了用于螺杆泵的具有惯性质量的止回阀的关闭动作。具有惯性质量的止回阀由八个主要部件组成：上螺母1、阀杆2、活塞3、活塞盖4、螺纹接头5、下螺母6、内衬垫17和外衬垫18，如图1所示。由于加工过程，阀杆2包括中合金钢轴，除螺纹9和10之外，中合金钢轴的端部还具有螺纹8和11，如图3所示。上左旋螺纹9靠近上螺纹8，而下左旋螺纹10靠近螺纹11的底部。上螺纹8与属于一串杆的耦接件(cuplin)连接，该耦接件连接至位于井表面的具有减速器的电机。通过耦接件，下螺纹11连接至杆串，该杆串连接至PCP的转子泵。锁定螺母6安装在下左旋螺纹10中，以便支撑位于螺纹11底部的耦接件。活塞3包括内部凹槽13，内衬垫17安装在该内部凹槽中，该内衬垫将流体保持在活塞3与阀杆2之间，如图4所示。还具有阶状件14，外衬垫18安装在该阶状件处并将流体保持在螺纹接头5与活塞3之间，如图4所示。活塞3还具有螺纹15，其中，这个部件被活塞盖4覆盖，以便保持并确保外衬垫18的位置。盖活塞4具有两个平行的平坦面，如图5所示，其用作用于将活塞盖4旋入活塞3的螺纹15中的支撑工具。阀杆2穿过活塞3插入，并且因顶部锁定螺母1安装在左上螺纹8中而受限制。顶部锁定螺母1的特征在于两个楔形部7，如图2所示，该楔形部与活塞3的楔形凹槽12耦接。螺纹接头5安装在位于活塞3下方且位于下锁定螺母6上方的管道中。螺纹接头5具有锥形座16，如图6所示，当具有惯性质量的止回阀关闭时，活塞3支撑在锥形座16处。
活塞设计考虑了足够的重量，以实现下降并克服内衬垫17与阀杆2之间发生的摩擦。这确保了活塞3插入螺纹接头5中并密封流体的内部和外部通道，如图8所示。此外，活塞3的设计的包括直径1(D1)和直径2(D2)，如图4所示。直径D1的测量值足够大，因此阀杆2可利用滑动配合穿过活塞3。为了在阀杆2与活塞3之间提供松配合，直径D2大于直径D1。在所有这些的情况下，即便阀杆2略微弯曲，系统也将确保其运转。
当油井进行生产时，活塞3被提升至与上锁定螺母1接触，在此处其与上螺母1的楔形部7接合，如图8所示。当PCP停止旋转时，为了属于静液柱的流体的拖拉动作而增加的活塞重量将使活塞3下降以使锥形座16承受该活塞，如图9所示。这样，外衬垫18在活塞3与螺纹接头之间形成密封。
附图说明
图1：各个部件已组装的用于螺杆泵的具有惯性质量的止回阀的视图。
图2：顶部螺母1的视图。
图3：阀杆2的视图。
图4：活塞3的视图。
图5：顶部活塞4的视图。
图6：螺纹接头5的视图。
图7：下锁定螺母6的视图。
图8：处于打开位置的用于螺杆泵的具有惯性质量的止回阀的立体图，其中，活塞3嵌入上螺母1的楔形部7中。
图9：处于关闭位置的用于螺杆泵的具有惯性质量的止回阀的立体图，其中，活塞3位于螺纹接头5的锥形座16上。
附图标记列表
1.顶部锁定螺母
2.阀杆
3.活塞
4.活塞盖
5.螺纹接头
6.下锁定螺母
7.楔子
8.上螺纹
9.左上螺纹
10.左下螺纹
11.下螺纹
12.楔形部凹槽
13.内部凹槽
14.阶状件
15.螺纹
16.锥形座
17.内衬垫(Internal packing)
18.外衬垫(External packing)

Claims (3)

1.一种用于螺杆泵的具有惯性质量的止回阀，其特征在于，所述止回阀包括：
阀杆(2)，所述阀杆具有阀杆顶端和阀杆底端，其中，所述阀杆(2)被配置成能在所述阀杆顶端处耦接至电机并在所述阀杆底端处耦接至所述螺杆泵的转子泵；
上螺母(1)，所述上螺母在所述阀杆顶端下方能移除地耦接至所述阀杆(2)；
螺纹接头(5)，所述螺纹接头在所述阀杆底端上方耦接在所述阀杆(2)周围并且暴露所述螺纹接头(5)与所述阀杆(2)之间的流体通路，所述螺纹接头(5)具有带有座部的顶端；以及
细长的活塞(3)，所述活塞在所述上螺母(1)下方且在所述螺纹接头(5)上方能滑动地耦接在所述阀杆周围，所述活塞具有在所述活塞的顶端处的第一部分，所述第一部分被配置成在所述电机的操作期间与所述上螺母(1)接合，所述活塞还具有邻接所述第一部分且在所述第一部分下方的第二部分并且具有带有第一直径的开孔以用于紧配合在所述阀杆周围，从而提供所述活塞与所述阀杆之间的内部流体密封，所述活塞还具有细长的第三部分，所述第三部分邻接所述第二部分且在所述第二部分下方并且延伸到所述活塞的底端，所述第三部分的轴向长度大于所述第二部分的轴向长度，并且所述第三部分具有带有比所述第一直径大的第二直径的开孔以用于松配合在所述阀杆周围，所述活塞(3)在外部配置有圆柱形的具有外径的密封部分，所述密封部分被配置成滑入所述螺纹接头(5)中并紧配合在所述螺纹接头内部，所述密封部分始于所述活塞的底端且向上延伸并且在与所述座部接触时终止于具有比所述密封部分大的外径的主体部分中的所述活塞的一部分，该部分被配置为活塞止动件，其中，所述活塞(3)被配置成在所述电机的操作期间向上滑动，使得所述第一部分与所述上螺母(1)接合以使所述活塞(3)和所述阀杆(2)协作以暴露所述流体通路，并且其中，所述活塞被配置成通过重力向下滑入所述螺纹接头(5)中使得所述活塞(3)的所述密封部分滑入并接合所述流体通路内的所述螺纹接头(5)，从而在所述电机不操作时产生所述流体通路的外部密封。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于螺杆泵的具有惯性质量的止回阀，其特征在于，所述止回阀具有上螺母(1)，一旦所述活塞离开所述螺纹接头(5)且油井处于生产中，所述上螺母具有楔形部(7)，所述楔形部用于与所述活塞(3)的楔形凹槽(12)配合。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的用于螺杆泵的具有惯性质量的止回阀，其特征在于，所述活塞(3)具有由活塞盖(4)调节的外衬垫(18)。
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