CN106450642A - A Q-band multi-pore coupling type directional coupler - Google Patents
A Q-band multi-pore coupling type directional coupler Download PDFInfo
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- CN106450642A CN106450642A CN201610947123.5A CN201610947123A CN106450642A CN 106450642 A CN106450642 A CN 106450642A CN 201610947123 A CN201610947123 A CN 201610947123A CN 106450642 A CN106450642 A CN 106450642A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
- H01P5/12—Coupling devices having more than two ports
- H01P5/16—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port
- H01P5/18—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port consisting of two coupled guides, e.g. directional couplers
Abstract
The invention relates to a Q-band multi-pore coupling type directional coupler which is a microwave directional coupler in a compact structure. The Q-band multi-pore coupling type directional coupler is composed of a circular waveguide, a rectangular waveguide, a power divider, a first load, a second load, a coupling channel first port, a coupling channel second port, a coupling channel third port, a coupling port fourth port, a first rectangular port, a second rectangular port, a third rectangular port, a coupling hole, an inductive diaphragm and a matching nail. The directional coupler employs a symmetrical equal-interval multi-hole coupling form, in which a main channel circular waveguide TE11 mode signal is coupled into the rectangular waveguide of a coupling channel to realize 20dB coupling characteristics. The center frequency is 40GHz and the relative bandwidth is 50%. The directional coupler is applied to a radio telescope Q-band receiver system. The measured results of reflection loss and the coupling degree of the directional coupler are in good agreement with the simulation results, so that the directional coupler can meet the requirements of radio astronomical observation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Q-band porous coupling directional coupler, connect dedicated for radio astronomy field wide-band microwave
Receipts machine.
Background technology
In microwave system, directional coupler is a kind of conventional microwave device, and it can carry out power survey to microwave signal
Amount, signal detection, display instruction and supervision etc..Directional coupler has various type and concrete form, by transmission line form
Classification have waveguide, coaxial, band wire, micro-strip point, by coupled modes classification have discrete coupling with continuous coupled point, strong by coupling
Weak typing have close coupling and weak coupling point, the magnitude classification by bearing power has small-power directional coupler and large-power directional
Bonder point.And each directional coupler, because specific purposes is different with application scenario, multiple differences will be had again
Concrete form.
The design considerationss of hole coupling directional coupler are aperture diffraction theories, and the fundamental formular of aperture diffraction field is：
In formula, on the right of equal sign " ± " number in symbol " " and symbol "-" refer to respectively excite waveguide and the dissipating in waveguide that be excited
Penetrate field, and " " in the symbol upper right corner number represents forward wave and backward-wave respectively with "-" number；WithIt is respectively aperture local to sit
The magnetic polarizability in mark u and v direction；P is the normal direction electric susceptibility of aperture；μ0And ε0It is respectively free space magnetic capacity and dielectric
Constant；H1u、H1vAnd E1uFor the corresponding normalizing magnetizing field tangential component in aperture position for the incidence wave in circular waveguide and electric field method
To component.H2u、H2vAnd E2uFor the corresponding normalizing polarization component in aperture position for the energized waveform in rectangular waveguide.For
Round aperture, its electric susceptibility and magnetic polarizability are respectivelyr0Radius for aperture.
Assume to excite the terminal of waveguide to be all coupling with the two ends of the waveguide that is excited：Circular waveguide transmits TE11Pattern, rectangle
Waveguide TE10Pattern.Circular coupling aperture is located on the centrage on the narrow side of rectangular waveguide, is divided according to the coupling condition of major-minor waveguide
Analysis, circular waveguide transmits TE11Pattern, Aperture side does not exist normal electric field, that is, on the narrow side of rectangular waveguide, the strongest (electric field in magnetic field
For 0), now aperture only exists magnetic coupling.Concrete formula is as follows：
In formula, a, b are the length on rectangular waveguide broadside and narrow side；R is the radius of circular waveguide；μnFor 1 rank Bessel function
N-th of derivative；Z10For the natural impedance of rectangular waveguide TE10 pattern, Z11For circular waveguide TE11The natural impedance of pattern；
WithFor magnetic field according to power normalization expression formula.
Small aperture coupling degree is that the power coefficient of coup is：
C=10lg | Ak|2=20lg | Ak| (5)
Bonder should consider the degree of coupling of single hole, it is also contemplated that hole coupling distribution, so could form directional coupler,
Meet actual demand.According to Phase Stacking principle it is assumed that N=2n or N=2n+1 aperture is symmetric, coordinate is located at right
Title center.The coupling strength factor of each pair of aperture is respectivelyIncidence wave forward-propagating in main waveguide, mould
Formula is TE11, its phase constant is βu, the pattern during complementary wave is led is TE10, its phase constant is βv, incidence wave coupling can be obtained
Lead the middle ripple having encouraged to complementary wave, relative magnitude is after Phase Stacking：
In formula, d is to be spaced between aperture；As N=2n, g=1；During N=2n+1, g=0；δ is the distribution function in hole；Work as hole
When being distributed as equidistant equal aperture, δ=1.
It is superimposed to forward phase, thenK=1,2 ...；It is superimposed to inverted phases, then
K=1,2 ....
Reversely weak coupling, Waveguide coaxial directional coupler, power is born greatly using Circular waveguides in main channel, coupling channel
Convenient using rectangular waveguide external connection, coupling mechanism adopts symmetrical equidistant equal strength porous coupled mode.The reality making
Thing is little through test insertion loss, and port reflection loss is good, and this body structure of directional coupler is simple, and reliability is high, especially
It is applied to measurement and the instruction occasion of two-way weak coupling.
Content of the invention
Present invention aim at, provide a kind of Q-band porous coupled mode directional coupler, this directional coupler is that structure is tight
The microwave directive coupler gathered, by circular waveguide, rectangular waveguide, power splitter, the first load, the second load, coupling channel first
Port, coupling channel second port, coupling channel the 3rd port, coupling channel the 4th port, the first rectangular port, the second rectangle
Port, the 3rd rectangular port, coupling aperture, inductance diaphragm, coupling nail composition.This directional coupler adopts symmetrical equidistant porous
Coupled mode, by main channel circular waveguide TE11Mode signal is coupled in the rectangular waveguide of coupling channel, realizes 20dB coupling special
Property, mid frequency 40GHz, relative bandwidth 50%, it is applied to radio telescope Q-band receiver system.This directional coupler is anti-
Penetrate loss and the measured result of the degree of coupling is substantially identical with simulation result, radio astronomy observation requirementses can be met.
A kind of Q-band porous coupled mode directional coupler of the present invention, this directional coupler is symmetrically equidistantly many
Hole coupled mode braodband directional coupler, working frequency range is 30-50GHz, is applied to radio telescope Q-band receiver system, should
Directional coupler is by circular waveguide, rectangular waveguide, power splitter, the first load, the second load, coupling channel first port, coupling
Passage second port, coupling channel the 3rd port, coupling channel the 4th port, the first rectangular port, the second rectangular port, the 3rd
Rectangular port, coupling aperture, inductance diaphragm, coupling nail composition, main waveguide is circular waveguide (1), and complementary wave is led as rectangular waveguide (2),
Circular waveguide (1) is connected with rectangular waveguide (2) by coupling aperture (6), the coupling channel first port (11) of rectangular waveguide (2) with
First rectangular port (15) connection, the coupling channel second port (12) of rectangular waveguide (2) and the power splitter (3) of power splitter (3)
The second rectangular port (16) connect, coupling channel the 3rd port (13) of rectangular waveguide (2) with first load (4) be connected, square
Coupling channel the 4th port (14) of shape waveguide (2) is connected with the second load (5).
The a diameter of 7.8mm of circular waveguide (1).
Coupling aperture (6) is located at the center on the narrow side of rectangular waveguide (2), using equidistant equal aperture magnetic coupling form, coupling aperture
(6) a diameter of 1.56mm, spacing is 2.4mm, and hole thickness is 0.16mm.
Power splitter (3) adopts waveguide form, and the first rectangular port (15) is added with the signal of the second rectangular port (16),
Export from the 3rd rectangular port (17) completion system, power splitter (3) uses inductance diaphragm (7) and coupling nail (8) to adjust coupling, the
The bore of one rectangular port (15), the second rectangular port (16) and the 3rd rectangular port (17) is 5.7mm*2.85mm, the first square
Shape port (15) and center distance 13.82mm of the second rectangular port (16).
First load (4) and the second load (5) are hard absorber (18), and profile is bevel wedge shape.
A kind of Q-band porous coupled mode directional coupler of the present invention, this directional coupler is using symmetrically equidistantly many
Hole coupled mode, main channel circular waveguide TE11 mode signal is coupled in the rectangular waveguide of coupling channel, realizes 20dB coupling
Characteristic, mid frequency 40GHz, relative bandwidth 50%, it is applied to radio telescope Q-band receiver system, frequency is 30-
50GHz, bandwidth of operation percentage ratio reaches 50%.K.E.Hancock proposes the complete step designing directional coupler many years ago
Suddenly：1. pitch of holes d is determined according to mid frequency；2. the minimum hole number requiring is met according to directivity requirement estimation；3. basis
The degree of coupling calculates the coefficient of coup in each hole；4. aperture is determined according to the relation between aperture and the coefficient of coup.According to orientation coupling
This design cycle of clutch, through the emulation of HFSS software modeling, parameter specifically optimizes, and is met the directional coupler of index.Should
Porous coupling directional coupler main body is gold-plated, simulation result port reflection loss≤- 25dB, the degree of coupling between -19.4dB arrive -
Between 21.9dB.
Because the degree of coupling of single coupling aperture increases, the diameter of coupling aperture inevitably enlarges；The increase in coupling aperture aperture can swash
Excited high-order mode resonance, is unfavorable for signal transmission.Therefore, directional coupler adopts the principle of symmetrical porous coupling to strengthen coupled systemes
Number, the single multiple Small aperture coupling of design realize the -23dB coefficient of coup, and symmetrical two-way coupling channel is defeated through two rectangles of power splitter
Outlet synthesis -20dB the coefficient of coup, two other rectangular output orifice connects the broadband load made.
Described power splitter (3), using waveguide form, the signal of two rectangular output orifice is added, completion system output
Demand.Power splitter simulation result port reflection loss≤- 23.6dB.
Described load, using hard absorbing material, profile is bevel wedge shape.During test, by the first load (4) and the second load
(5) it is connected with power splitter (3).In debugging process, absorber must possess enough length, simultaneously the concrete shape of absorbing sheet,
Size need to determine through debugging.Final debugging load reflection loss meets index request, and power splitter and load integrated testability can obtain
Power splitter delivery outlet reflection loss≤- 19.4dB.
Brief description
Fig. 1 is Q-band porous coupling directional coupler overall structure figure of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is circular waveguide of the present invention and rectangular waveguide junction composition；
Fig. 3 is power divider structure figure of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is support structures figure of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is directional coupler port of the present invention reflection loss simulation result figure；
Fig. 6 is directional coupler degree of coupling simulation result figure of the present invention；
Fig. 7 is power splitter port of the present invention reflection loss simulation result figure；
Fig. 8 connects load testing power splitter delivery outlet reflection loss measured drawing for the present invention；
Fig. 9 is circular waveguide port of the present invention reflection loss measured drawing；
Figure 10 is 20dB coupled characteristic measured drawing of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
A kind of Q-band porous coupled mode directional coupler of the present invention, this directional coupler is symmetrically equidistantly many
Hole coupled mode braodband directional coupler, working frequency range is 30-50GHz, is applied to radio telescope Q-band receiver system, should
Directional coupler is by circular waveguide, rectangular waveguide, power splitter, the first load, the second load, coupling channel first port, coupling
Passage second port, coupling channel the 3rd port, coupling channel the 4th port, the first rectangular port, the second rectangular port, the 3rd
Rectangular port, coupling aperture, inductance diaphragm, coupling nail composition, main waveguide is circular waveguide 1, and complementary wave is led as rectangular waveguide 2, circle
Waveguide 1 is connected with rectangular waveguide 2 by coupling aperture 6, the coupling channel first port 11 of rectangular waveguide 2 and the first of power splitter 3
Rectangular port 15 connects, and the coupling channel second port 12 of rectangular waveguide 2 is connected with the second rectangular port 16 of power splitter 3, square
Coupling channel the 3rd port 13 of shape waveguide 24 is connected with the first load, coupling channel the 4th port 14 of rectangular waveguide 2 and the
Two load 5 connection；
The a diameter of 7.8mm of circular waveguide 1；
Coupling aperture 6 is located at the center on the narrow side of rectangular waveguide 2, using equidistant equal aperture magnetic coupling form, coupling aperture 6 diameter
For 1.56mm, spacing is 2.4mm, and hole thickness is 0.16mm；
Power splitter 3 adopts waveguide form, the first rectangular port 15 is added with the signal of the second rectangular port 16, from the 3rd
Rectangular port 17 completion system exports, and power splitter 3 is adjusted and mated using inductance diaphragm 7 and coupling nail 8, the first rectangular port 15,
The bore of the second rectangular port 16 and the 3rd rectangular port 17 is 5.7mm*2.85mm, the first rectangular port 15 and the second rectangular end
The center distance of mouth 16 is 13.82mm；
First load 4 and the second load 5 are hard absorber 18, and profile is bevel wedge shape.
During use, with reference to Fig. 1, the main channel input mouth 9 through circular waveguide 1 for the signal enters, most of signal warp
Main channel output port 10 exports；In the rectangular waveguide 2 to circular waveguide 1 left and right sides for 6 points of the coupled hole of fraction signal；Enter
The signal entering in the rectangular waveguide 2 of left side divides to coupling channel first port 11 and coupling channel the 3rd port 13, coupling channel
At first port 11, signal enters at the first rectangular port 15, and the signal at coupling channel the 3rd port 13 is by the first load 4 suction
Receive；The signal entering in right rectangular waveguide 2 divides to coupling channel second port 12 and coupling channel the 4th port 14, coupling
At passage second port 12, signal enters at the second rectangular port 16, and the signal at coupling channel the 4th port 14 is loaded by second
5 absorptions；Two paths of signals at first rectangular port 15 and the second rectangular port 16, merges into after matched nail 8 and inductance diaphragm 7
One road signal, exports through the 3rd rectangular port 17.
Actual measurement is using the vertical MS4647B vector network analyzer test of U.S.'s peace.Test accessories include BJ400 coaxially change,
30-50GHz polarizer etc..Directional coupler main channel reflection loss≤- 24.2dB, the degree of coupling overall -20dB arrive -21dB it
Between, low frequency is about -24dB, such as Figure 10.The low frequency degree of coupling is because processing coupling aperture error and gold plating thickness less than design load
Less than theoretical value etc. leading to coupling aperture size, lead to bonder operating frequency overall toward high-frequency mobile.
A kind of Q-band porous coupling directional coupler of the present invention, its actual measurement and the reflection loss of simulation result and
Degree of coupling plots changes are substantially identical, and property indices have all reached the set goal, and actual measured results are in work
Requirement of engineering can be met in the range of frequency band 30-50GHz.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of Q-band porous coupled mode directional coupler is it is characterised in that this directional coupler is symmetrically equidistant porous coupling
Mould assembly braodband directional coupler, working frequency range is 30-50GHz, is applied to radio telescope Q-band receiver system, this orientation
Bonder is by circular waveguide, rectangular waveguide, power splitter, the first load, the second load, coupling channel first port, coupling channel
Second port, coupling channel the 3rd port, coupling channel the 4th port, the first rectangular port, the second rectangular port, the 3rd rectangle
Port, coupling aperture, inductance diaphragm, coupling nail composition, main waveguide is circular waveguide（1）, complementary wave leads as rectangular waveguide（2）, circular
Waveguide（1）By coupling aperture（6）With rectangular waveguide（2）Connect, rectangular waveguide（2）Coupling channel first port（11）Divide with work(
Device（3）The first rectangular port（15）Connect, rectangular waveguide（2）Coupling channel second port（12）With power splitter（3）?
Two rectangular ports（16）Connect, rectangular waveguide（2）Coupling channel the 3rd port（13）With the first load（4）Connect, square wave
Lead（2）Coupling channel the 4th port（14）With the second load（5）Connect.
2. a kind of Q-band porous coupled mode directional coupler according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that circular waveguide（1）
A diameter of 7.8mm.
3. a kind of Q-band porous coupled mode directional coupler according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that coupling aperture（6）Position
In rectangular waveguide（2）The center on narrow side, using equidistant equal aperture magnetic coupling form, coupling aperture（6）A diameter of 1.56mm, spacing
For 2.4mm, hole thickness is 0.16mm.
4. a kind of Q-band porous coupled mode directional coupler according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that power splitter（3）Adopt
With waveguide form, by the first rectangular port（15）With the second rectangular port（16）Signal be added, from the 3rd rectangular port（17）
Completion system exports, power splitter（3）Using inductance diaphragm（7）With coupling nail（8）Adjust coupling, the first rectangular port（15）,
Two rectangular ports（16）With the 3rd rectangular port（17）Bore be 5.7mm*2.85mm, the first rectangular port（15）With the second square
Shape port（16）Center distance 13.82mm.
5. a kind of Q-band porous coupled mode directional coupler according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that first loads（4）
With the second load（5）For hard absorber（18）, profile is bevel wedge shape.
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107508015A (en) * | 2017-08-08 | 2017-12-22 | 西南交通大学 | Circular waveguide mode converter |
| CN108011169A (en) * | 2017-12-01 | 2018-05-08 | 电子科技大学 | Circular waveguide is to rectangular waveguide dual mode wideband directional coupler |
| CN108172962A (en) * | 2017-12-21 | 2018-06-15 | 电子科技大学 | A kind of broadband circular waveguide directional coupler for microwave power measurement |
| CN108574131A (en) * | 2017-03-08 | 2018-09-25 | 清华大学 | Microwave waveguide component, microwave waveguide air extractor and accelerator |
| CN109066101A (en) * | 2018-08-08 | 2018-12-21 | 陕西黄河集团有限公司 | A kind of active phase array antenna |
| CN110346385A (en) * | 2019-08-15 | 2019-10-18 | 中国科学院新疆天文台 | A kind of atmospheric opacity test method |
| CN110875507A (en) * | 2019-11-30 | 2020-03-10 | 中国舰船研究设计中心 | Four-path high-power microwave synthesizer manufacturing method based on 3D printing and synthesizer |
| CN111029702A (en) * | 2019-12-08 | 2020-04-17 | 南京航空航天大学 | Waveguide three-way power divider with built-in load |
| CN111697305A (en) * | 2020-05-11 | 2020-09-22 | 安徽四创电子股份有限公司 | S-band sixteen-hole TE21 mode coupler |
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| CN105826646A (en) * | 2016-05-12 | 2016-08-03 | 电子科技大学 | Multi-hole rectangular waveguide directional coupler |
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| US7109823B1 (en) * | 2005-01-07 | 2006-09-19 | Hrl Lab Llc | Image guide coupler switch |
| CN104505571A (en) * | 2014-12-15 | 2015-04-08 | 电子科技大学 | Over-mode circular waveguide broadband directional coupler and design method thereof |
| CN105826646A (en) * | 2016-05-12 | 2016-08-03 | 电子科技大学 | Multi-hole rectangular waveguide directional coupler |
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| CN108574131B (en) * | 2017-03-08 | 2021-02-09 | 清华大学 | Microwave waveguide component, microwave waveguide air extractor and accelerator |
| CN108574131A (en) * | 2017-03-08 | 2018-09-25 | 清华大学 | Microwave waveguide component, microwave waveguide air extractor and accelerator |
| CN107508015B (en) * | 2017-08-08 | 2023-09-29 | 西南交通大学 | Circular Waveguide Mode Converter |
| CN107508015A (en) * | 2017-08-08 | 2017-12-22 | 西南交通大学 | Circular waveguide mode converter |
| CN108011169B (en) * | 2017-12-01 | 2021-03-30 | 电子科技大学 | Dual-mode broadband directional coupler from circular waveguide to rectangular waveguide |
| CN108011169A (en) * | 2017-12-01 | 2018-05-08 | 电子科技大学 | Circular waveguide is to rectangular waveguide dual mode wideband directional coupler |
| CN108172962A (en) * | 2017-12-21 | 2018-06-15 | 电子科技大学 | A kind of broadband circular waveguide directional coupler for microwave power measurement |
| CN108172962B (en) * | 2017-12-21 | 2021-03-26 | 电子科技大学 | Broadband circular waveguide directional coupler for microwave power measurement |
| CN109066101A (en) * | 2018-08-08 | 2018-12-21 | 陕西黄河集团有限公司 | A kind of active phase array antenna |
| CN110346385A (en) * | 2019-08-15 | 2019-10-18 | 中国科学院新疆天文台 | A kind of atmospheric opacity test method |
| CN110875507A (en) * | 2019-11-30 | 2020-03-10 | 中国舰船研究设计中心 | Four-path high-power microwave synthesizer manufacturing method based on 3D printing and synthesizer |
| CN111029702B (en) * | 2019-12-08 | 2021-07-23 | 南京航空航天大学 | Waveguide three-way power divider with built-in load |
| CN111029702A (en) * | 2019-12-08 | 2020-04-17 | 南京航空航天大学 | Waveguide three-way power divider with built-in load |
| CN111697305A (en) * | 2020-05-11 | 2020-09-22 | 安徽四创电子股份有限公司 | S-band sixteen-hole TE21 mode coupler |
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