CN106450002B - A kind of Ca-Ti ore type opto-electronic conversion composite sol and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of Ca-Ti ore type opto-electronic conversion composite sol and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of Ca-Ti ore type opto-electronic conversion composite sols and preparation method thereof, using with photosensitive activity imidodicarbonic diamide and methylamine be mixed with Ca-Ti ore type opto-electronic conversion composite sol, adjust the band gap and filming performance of Ca-Ti ore type light absorbing material.Ca-Ti ore type opto-electronic conversion composite sol of the present invention is made of lead halide, imidodicarbonic diamide halogen acid salt, methylamine halogen acid salt, dehydration catalyst, nano-oxide and organic solvent.The opto-electronic conversion composite material film to be formed is coated with using composite sol of the present invention has better electronics or holoe carrier transmission performance, can extend the light absorption wavelength range of sunlight and improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency 1.5%-2% of perovskite solar cell.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Ca-Ti ore type opto-electronic conversion composite sols and preparation method thereof, especially with two acyls
Imines and methylamine are mixed with Ca-Ti ore type opto-electronic conversion composite sol, with adjust Ca-Ti ore type light absorbing material band gap and
Photoelectric conversion efficiency is improved, new energy and field of new materials are belonged to.
Technical background
The solar cell prepared based on organic metal halide perovskite structure light absorbing material is referred to as perovskite too
Positive electricity pond, more than 20%, future is expected to reach 50% its photoelectric conversion efficiency at present.Perovskite solar cell is typically by saturating
Bright electro-conductive glass, compacted zone, perovskite light absorbing layer, hole transmission layer, five part of metal back electrode composition.Perovskite light absorption
The thickness of layer is generally 200-600nm, and main function is to absorb sunlight and generate electron-hole pair, and energy high efficiency of transmission electricity
Son-hole pair.
Perovskite light absorbing material Typical molecular formula is AMX3, wherein A represents the ammonium ion or metal ion of monovalence, M
Metal cation is represented, X represents halide anion.The research of metal cation and halide anion is compared both at home and abroad at present
Thoroughly, but to the composition of the ammonium ion of monovalence, structurally and functionally Mechanism Study is seldom and unclear.
At present both at home and abroad to Ca-Ti ore type light absorbing material iodate methylamine lead(CH3NH3PbI3)Research it is relatively more, it be by
A kind of inorganic-organic double salt or complex that iodine methylamine and lead iodide reaction generate, it is also a kind of Semiconductor absorption
Material, band gap are about 1.5eV, can fully absorb the visible light of wavelength 400-800nm, system good with absorbing properties
Standby simple and high photoelectric conversion efficiency characteristic.Its main deficiency is:(1)Temperature tolerance is bad, it is desirable that the heat treatment of light absorbing layer
Temperature is less than 150 DEG C, and the additive during at such a temperature prepared by light absorbing layer cannot decompose completely;(2)Environmental stability is poor,
It is easy to decompose for moisture, ultraviolet light or catalyst in air;(3)It absorbs optical wavelength range and is confined to visible region, to ultraviolet light
It is hardly picked up with infrared light;(4)Filming performance is bad, is easy to form loose coarse crystalline solid, it is difficult to which large area uniformly applies
Cloth.
Improve Ca-Ti ore type light absorbing material performance, design can be formed from Ca-Ti ore type light absorbing material and started with.For example,
Or mixtures thereof the primary amine of Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao used C1-C4 of biology, carbonamidine prepare perovskite structure light absorbing material, and acquisition is good
Good photoelectric conversion efficiency;Xiamen University patent of invention CN106058060 (2016-10-25) is open mixed using methylamine and carbonamidine
Conjunction prepares perovskite structure light absorbing material film;Wuhan University of Technology patent of invention CN105742502 (2016-07-06) is public
Exploitation is mixed with the adjustable perovskite structure light absorbing material of band gap with iodobenzene ethamine, stannous iodide and lead iodide;Central China section
Skill university patent of invention CN103762344 (2014-04-30) is open to be mixed with calcium using aminobutyric acid amphiphatic molecule and methylamine
Perovskite like structure light absorbing material;United States Patent (USP) US20150249170 (2015-09-03) is open to prepare calcium titanium with long-chain organic amine
Mine structure light absorbing material, but without the details of open long-chain organic amine;United States Patent (USP) US20150200377 (2015-
It is 07-16) open to prepare perovskite structure light absorbing material with a series of primary, secondary, uncles, quaternary ammonium compound, but without providing amine
The embodiment of compound;Chinese patent CN103554171 (2014-02-05) is open to use 1- aminopyridines azomethine and chlorination
Lead cooperation is used as potential dielectric material;The open 1- ethyl-3-methylimidazoles of Chinese patent CN102337593 (2012-02-01)
Tribromide iodine perovskite structure light absorbing material preparation method.
Improve perovskite light absorping film performance, can also start with from perovskite light absorbing material structure.For example, Singapore is southern
Foreign Polytechnics's patent of invention WO2016126211 (2016-08-11) is open by perovskite light absorbing material and nanoclay grain
Son forms colloidal sol in organic solvent, nano-particle as crystal seed, improve perovskite light absorbing material microstructure and at
Film properties;Tianjin Professional College patent of invention CN105789339 (2016-07-20) it is open by perovskite light absorbing material with
Nano-silicon dioxide particle forms colloidal sol in organic solvent, and nano-particle is as light absorbing material crystal seed and framework material, and one
Step obtains the light absorbing layer of smooth even;Nankai University patent of invention CN104218109 (2014-12-17) is open by polyethylene
Pyrrolidones is mixed with perovskite light absorbing material, improves the microstructure and filming performance of perovskite light absorbing material, greatly
It is big to improve photoelectric conversion efficiency.
Although perovskite photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar battery data constantly refresh, from Ca-Ti ore type light in terms of research angle
Organic cation less varieties and potential of innovation are big in absorbing material;From perovskite light absorbing material filming performance in terms of application angle
Difference is not met by the engineering coating of large area perovskite solar cell light absorption layer and requires.Heliotechnics is developed and industry
The three big key elements changed are that photoelectric conversion efficiency, production cost and battery performance stability, market need photoelectric conversion efficiency
Higher perovskite solar cell photoelectric conversion material.
Invention content
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of Ca-Ti ore type opto-electronic conversion composite sols, from perovskite light absorbing material
Composition and two aspect of microstructure, which are started with, improves its filming performance, to adapt to the preparation of large area perovskite solar cell light absorption layer
It needs.
The present invention uses, and there is the imidodicarbonic diamide of photosensitive activity and methylamine to be mixed with Ca-Ti ore type opto-electronic conversion composite wood
Expect colloidal sol, adjusts Ca-Ti ore type light absorbing material band gap and filming performance, composite sol is by lead halide(PbX2), two acyls it is sub-
Amine halogen acid salt(RC2O2NH2X), methylamine halogen acid salt(CH3NH3X), dehydration catalyst, nano-oxide and organic solvent group
At each component molar ratio is as follows in colloidal sol:
PbX2 1
RC2O2NH2X x, x=0.1-0.9
CH3NH3X 1-x
Nano-oxide 0.01-0.05
Dehydration catalyst 0.01-0.05
Organic solvent 20-60.
PbX in the present invention2It is to form Ca-Ti ore type opto-electronic conversion composite material RC2O2NH2PbX3And CH3NH3PbX3Original
Material is commercially available chemical reagent.
Heretofore described imidodicarbonic diamide is succimide, butylmaleimide, glutarimide, phthalyl Asia
One of amine, tetrahydric phthalimide, hexahydrophthalic phthalimide or naphthalimide are commercially available chemical reagent.Two
The compound of imide structure is organic photosensitive material and photoelectron receptor, can be reacted with halogen acids and generate stable salt, energy
Enough and metal ion forms ligand or complex compound, and novel inorganic-organic hybrid is generated so can further be reacted with lead halide
Ca-Ti ore type photoelectric conversion material, and have broader sunlight wavelength absorption region.
Methylamine halogen acid salt is that methylamine reacts generation with halogen acids in colloidal sol of the present invention;Imidodicarbonic diamide halogen acid salt is two
Acid imide reacts generation with halogen acids.
Dehydration catalyst is one of magnesium methoxide, magnesium ethylate, triethyl aluminum or aluminum alkoxide in the present invention, is tried for commercially available chemistry
Agent.For maintaining colloidal sol in alkalescent, imidodicarbonic diamide halogen acid salt is promoted to be formed with halogenation lead source, while de- as solvent
Water catalyst and generation magnesia or alumina nanoparticles.
Nano-oxide is that dehydration catalyst is generated with reaction of moisture in solution under alkaline condition in colloidal sol of the present invention
Nano-particle, nucleus when can form a film as Ca-Ti ore type photoelectric conversion material change material microstructure, prevent photoelectricity from turning
Conversion materials form coarse crystallization.
To be dimethylformamide, gamma-butyrolacton or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) mixed with C1-C4 fatty alcohols for organic solvent in the present invention
Close object.Dimethylformamide, gamma-butyrolacton or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) polar solvent are for dissolving PbX2、CH3NH3PbX3With
RC2O2NH2PbX3, C1-C4 fatty alcohols are commercially available chemical reagent as retarder thinner.
There are halogenation lead molecule, methylamine halogen acid salt molecule and imidodicarbonic diamide halogen acid salt molecule in colloidal sol of the present invention, with
And on a small quantity using nanometer oxide particle as the RC of nucleus2O2NH2PbX3And CH3NH3PbX3Micelle or crystal seed, when solvent volatilizees,
Coordination, hydrogen bond, Van der Waals force it is common driving under, halogenation lead molecule, molecule imidodicarbonic diamide halogen acid salt molecule and first
Amine halogen acid salt is self-assembly of Ca-Ti ore type opto-electronic conversion composite material film on crystal seed.
Imidodicarbonic diamide in the present invention is a kind of photosensitive organic dye groups cheap and easy to get, is had very in visible light region
Strong light absorption, and there is higher light and thermally stable.Imidodicarbonic diamide molecule has annular carbonyl structure, and carbonyl is connected with
One NH key, this enables imidodicarbonic diamide as weak acid, forms anion under alkaline environment and is coordinated with metal.With solution
The increase of alkalinity, the complex that imidodicarbonic diamide is formed with metal ion gradually change to more stable co-ordination state.If using
Imidodicarbonic diamide prepares novel Ca-Ti ore type photoelectric conversion material RC instead of methylamine2O2NH2PbX3, will have better electronics or sky
Cave carrier transmission performance can reduce the dimensional effect of large area perovskite solar cell, can extend the light to sunlight
Absorbing wavelength range and raising photoelectric conversion efficiency.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a kind of preparation methods of Ca-Ti ore type opto-electronic conversion composite sol, prepare
The technical scheme comprises the following steps:
(1)Polar organic solvent, HX and PbX are separately added into glass reactor2, stirred to complete at 60-80 DEG C
Dissolving, is then added imide compound, and control raw material molar ratio is:PbX2:HX:Imidodicarbonic diamide=1:1:X,
Wherein, x=0.1-0.9 continues to be stirred to react 12-24 h, obtains RC2O2NH2PbX3Solution;
(2)The methanol solution of methylamine is added into the above reaction solution, control raw material molar ratio is:PbX2:HX:First
Amine=1:1:1-x continues to be stirred to react 12-24h, is cooled to room temperature, obtains RC2O2NH2PbX3And CH3NH3PbX3It mixes molten
Liquid;
(3)Dehydration catalyst is added into the above reaction solution, control raw material molar ratio is:PbX2:Dehydration catalyst
= 1:0.02-0.1, dehydration catalyst form nanometer oxide particle colloidal sol, grain size 5- with the reaction of moisture 1-4h in solution
10nm;
(4)C1-C4 fatty alcohols are added into the above reaction solution to PbX2Saturation is precipitated, and so that colloidal sol is become cloudy, then in 90-
Flow back 12-24 h at 100 DEG C, and generation contains RC2O2NH2PbX3And CH3NH3PbX3The colloidal sol of crystal seed, the quality of solid in colloidal sol
Percentage concentration is 10%-20%;
(5)With biscuit ware funnel secondary filter composite sol, colloidal sol is dropped in the 200mm of compacted zone with dropper
It in × 300mm fluorine-doped tin dioxide Conducting Glass, is coated with uniformly with stainless steel wire rod coating device, solvent volatilization is made to dry,
Last 110-150 DEG C of heated-air drying 30 minutes, forms the black Ca-Ti ore type light absorbing layer of smooth surface, assembling test calcium titanium
Mine solar cell, using RC2O2NH2PbX3And CH3NH3PbX3Composite material is than using merely CH3NH3PbX3Photoelectricity turns when material
It changes efficiency and improves 1.5%-2%.
The absorbing properties of photoelectric conversion material film 920 type spectrophotometer test specimens of Lambda in the present invention
Absorptivity of the product in 250-1100nm wave-length coverages determines;The assembling of test perovskite solar cell is special with reference to Chinese invention
Profit application 2019109316795(2016-10-25)The method of middle use carries out;Efficiency of solar cell using customization it is small-sized too
Positive electricity pond component tester simulated solar optical tests.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are embodied in:
(1)The present invention improves its filming performance in terms of perovskite photoelectric conversion material composition and microstructure two, adapts to
Prepared by large area perovskite solar cell light absorption layer needs;
(2)The present invention prepares novel perovskite photoelectric conversion material with the imidodicarbonic diamide with photosensitive activity, has more preferable
Electronics or holoe carrier transmission performance, the dimensional effect of large area perovskite thin film solar cell can be reduced;
(3)The present invention is mixed with Ca-Ti ore type photoelectric conversion material with imidodicarbonic diamide and methylamine, can extend to the sun
The light absorption wavelength range and raising photoelectric conversion efficiency 1.5%-2% of light.
Specific implementation mode
Embodiment 1
It is separately added into dimethylformamide 365.5g (5mol), quality percentage in the 500mL glass reactors with stirring
The hydroiodic acid 30.7g (0.12mol) and lead iodide 46.1g (0.1mol) of concentration 50% stir 2h to complete at 60-80 DEG C
Then dissolving is added succimide 4.96g (0.05mol), continues to be stirred to react 24 h, obtain C4H4O2NH2PbI3Solution;
The methanol solution 5.18g (0.05mol) for adding the methylamine of mass percentage concentration 30%, continues to be stirred to react 12 h, be cooled to
Room temperature obtains C4H4O2NH2PbI3And CH3NH3PbI3Mixed light absorbent solution.
The methanol magnesium solution 29.2g (0.05mol) that mass percentage concentration is 20%, magnesium methoxide are added into the above reaction solution
Bitter earth nano colloidal sol, grain size 5nm are formed with reaction of moisture 4h.Absolute ethyl alcohol is continuously added to PbI2Saturation is precipitated,
It is in slightly cloudy to make colloidal sol, and then flow back at 90-100 DEG C 24 h, and generation contains C4H4O2NH2PbI3And CH3NH3PbI3Crystal seed
Colloidal sol.With G5 biscuit ware funnel secondary filter light absorbing material colloidal sols, with dropper by colloidal sol drop in the 200mm of compacted zone ×
It in 300mm fluorine-doped tin dioxide Conducting Glass, is coated with uniformly with stainless steel wire rod coating device, so that solvent volatilization is dried, most
110-150 DEG C of heated-air drying 30 minutes afterwards, forms the black perovskite light absorbing layer of smooth surface, is used as assembling test calcium titanium
Mine solar cell, than using simple CH3NH3PbX3Photoelectric conversion efficiency improves 1.5% when material.
Embodiment 2
It is separately added into dimethylformamide 365.5g (5mol), quality percentage in the 500mL glass reactors with stirring
The hydroiodic acid 30.7g (0.12mol) and lead iodide 46.1g (0.1mol) of concentration 50% stir 2h to complete at 60-80 DEG C
Then dissolving is added phthalimide 2.94g (0.02mol), continues to be stirred to react 24 h, obtain C8H4O2NH2PbI3It is molten
Liquid;The methanol solution 8.288g (0.08mol) for adding the methylamine of mass percentage concentration 30% continues to be stirred to react 12 h, cold
But room temperature is arrived, C is obtained8H4O2NH2PbI3And CH3NH3PbI3Mixed light absorbent solution.
The aluminium isopropoxide solution 20.4g (0.02mol) that mass percentage concentration is 20%, isopropyl are added into the above reaction solution
Aluminium alcoholates forms nano alumina particles colloidal sol, grain size 10nm with reaction of moisture 4h in solution.Continuously add absolute ethyl alcohol extremely
PbI2Saturation is precipitated, and it is in slightly cloudy to make colloidal sol, and then flow back at 90-100 DEG C 24 h, and generation contains C8H4O2NH2PbI3With
CH3NH3PbI3The colloidal sol of crystal seed.With G5 biscuit ware funnel secondary filter light absorbing material colloidal sols, colloidal sol has been dropped in dropper
In 200mm × 300mm fluorine-doped tin dioxide Conducting Glass of compacted zone, it is coated with uniformly, is made with stainless steel wire rod coating device
Solvent volatilization is dried, and last 110-150 DEG C of heated-air drying 30 minutes forms the black perovskite light absorbing layer of smooth surface, is used
Make assembling test perovskite solar cell, than using simple CH3NH3PbX3Photoelectric conversion efficiency improves 2.0% when material.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of Ca-Ti ore type opto-electronic conversion composite sol, it is characterized in that using imidodicarbonic diamide and first with photosensitive activity
Amine mixing reacts with lead halide and prepares Ca-Ti ore type opto-electronic conversion composite material, with adjust Ca-Ti ore type light absorbing material band gap with
Filming performance, composite sol is by lead halide, imidodicarbonic diamide halogen acid salt, methylamine halogen acid salt, dehydration catalyst, nano oxygen
Compound and organic solvent form, and each component molar ratio is as follows in colloidal sol:
PbX2 1
RC2O2NH2X x, x=0.1-0.9
CH3NH3X 1-x
Nano-oxide 0.01-0.05
Dehydration catalyst 0.01-0.05
Organic solvent 20-60.
2. Ca-Ti ore type opto-electronic conversion composite sol as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that imidodicarbonic diamide is succinyl
Imines, butylmaleimide, glutarimide, phthalimide, tetrahydric phthalimide, hexahydro phthalyl
One of imines or naphthalimide.
3. Ca-Ti ore type opto-electronic conversion composite sol as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that dehydration catalyst is methanol
One of magnesium, magnesium ethylate, triethyl aluminum or aluminum alkoxide.
4. the preparation method of Ca-Ti ore type opto-electronic conversion composite sol described in a kind of claim 1, it is characterised in that prepare
The technical scheme comprises the following steps:
(1)Polar organic solvent, HX and PbX are separately added into glass reactor2, stirred at 60-80 DEG C completely molten to solid
Solution, is then added imide compound, and control raw material molar ratio is:PbX2:HX:Imidodicarbonic diamide=1:1:X,
In, x=0.1-0.9 continues to be stirred to react 12-24 h, obtains RC2O2NH2PbX3Solution;
(2)The methanol solution of methylamine is added into the above reaction solution, control raw material molar ratio is:PbX2:HX:Methylamine=
1:1:1-x continues to be stirred to react 12-24 h, is cooled to room temperature, obtains RC2O2NH2PbX3And CH3NH3PbX3Mixed solution;
(3)Dehydration catalyst is added into the above reaction solution, control raw material molar ratio is:PbX2:Dehydration catalyst=1:
0.02-0.1, dehydration catalyst form nanometer oxide particle colloidal sol, grain size 5-10nm with the reaction of moisture 1-4h in solution;
(4)C1-C4 fatty alcohols are added into the above reaction solution to PbX2Saturation is precipitated, and so that colloidal sol is become cloudy, then at 90-100 DEG C
Lower reflux 12-24 h, generation contain RC2O2NH2PbX3And CH3NH3PbX3The colloidal sol of crystal seed, the quality percentage of solid is dense in colloidal sol
Degree is 10%-20%;
(5)With biscuit ware funnel secondary filter composite sol, with dropper by colloidal sol drop in the 200mm of compacted zone ×
It in 300mm fluorine-doped tin dioxide Conducting Glass, is coated with uniformly with stainless steel wire rod coating device, so that solvent volatilization is dried, most
110-150 DEG C of heated-air drying 30 minutes afterwards, forms the black Ca-Ti ore type light absorbing layer of smooth surface, assembling test perovskite
Solar cell, using RC2O2NH2PbX3And CH3NH3PbX3Composite material is than using merely CH3NH3PbX3Opto-electronic conversion when material
Efficiency improves 1.5%-2%.
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CN108865116B (en) * | 2018-07-16 | 2021-02-12 | 福建师范大学 | Film with room temperature phosphorescence and preparation method thereof |
CN110465332A (en) * | 2019-07-10 | 2019-11-19 | 广东工业大学 | A kind of molybdenum disulfide/carbonamidine lead bromate composite photo-catalyst and its preparation method and application |
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CN104737320A (en) * | 2012-08-03 | 2015-06-24 | 洛桑联邦理工学院 | Organo metal halide perovskite heterojunction solar cell and fabrication thereof |
CN103088343A (en) * | 2013-01-15 | 2013-05-08 | 西安理工大学 | Cu2O/TiO2 nanometer composite film and preparation method thereof |
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