CN106446358A - Basic building data module system - Google Patents

Basic building data module system Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN106446358A
CN106446358A CN201610807616.9A CN201610807616A CN106446358A CN 106446358 A CN106446358 A CN 106446358A CN 201610807616 A CN201610807616 A CN 201610807616A CN 106446358 A CN106446358 A CN 106446358A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
building
information
information management
module
management
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN201610807616.9A
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
黄川东
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to CN201610807616.9A priority Critical patent/CN106446358A/en
Publication of CN106446358A publication Critical patent/CN106446358A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/10Geometric CAD
    • G06F30/13Architectural design, e.g. computer-aided architectural design [CAAD] related to design of buildings, bridges, landscapes, production plants or roads
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06QINFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q10/00Administration; Management
    • G06Q10/06Resources, workflows, human or project management; Enterprise or organisation planning; Enterprise or organisation modelling
    • G06Q10/067Enterprise or organisation modelling
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06QINFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q50/00Information and communication technology [ICT] specially adapted for implementation of business processes of specific business sectors, e.g. utilities or tourism
    • G06Q50/08Construction

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Human Resources & Organizations (AREA)
  • Strategic Management (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Economics (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • General Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Tourism & Hospitality (AREA)
  • Marketing (AREA)
  • Entrepreneurship & Innovation (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Computational Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mathematical Analysis (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Evolutionary Computation (AREA)
  • Pure & Applied Mathematics (AREA)
  • Educational Administration (AREA)
  • Mathematical Optimization (AREA)
  • Game Theory and Decision Science (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Operations Research (AREA)
  • Quality & Reliability (AREA)
  • Development Economics (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Primary Health Care (AREA)
  • Management, Administration, Business Operations System, And Electronic Commerce (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a building data module system. The system comprises a building module, various information managements and a database. The building module is formed after parameters of various basic building functions are standardized; the various information managements include demand standard information management, stage information management, professional and system information management, drawing information management, data information management, building geography and climate characteristic information management, professional personnel information management, product and authentication information management, module external interface information management and module energy data information management; and the building module forms a building data module through the various information managements. According to the system, universal and basic information (including drawings and various data information) building management standards and units are formed by taking the building data module as a management unit, data of various buildings, different building stages and professions is connected, and a building big data decision application is formed, so that the building engineering construction standards and efficiency are improved and the internet and building combination is facilitated.

Description

A kind of all kinds of basic architecture data module system
【Technical field】
The present invention relates to a kind of modular system, particularly to a kind of all kinds of building data module systems.
【Background technology】
How such as building type:House, office building, hospital, hotel, storage, factory, comprehensive building etc..Different buildings The scale of construction, function, system, big using the differentiation such as product, architectural environment index, almost there is no identical building, because building Build specialty many and professional very strong, quantity of information is huge.Building needs to experience a lot of stages in its whole life cycle:Can Grind, plan, designing, seeking advice from, constructing, debugging, management, finishing, O&M etc..Each session information is many, specialty is many, change is many, participation Personnel are many, management is many, data is many, drawing is many, and information standardization is difficult.Build various information and data is many and numerous and diverse.It is up till now Only, building complete period information transmission is slow, distortion, omit and isolate, and information management efficiency is low, and information is in different buildings and building Difficult to form benign flow, feedback, decision-making and circulation between each stage.Engineering method and means that architectural engineering is used at present (Including instrument and software)It is not systematic pin to building basic function, professional very strong, high to equipment and personnel requirement. Its feature:Instrument is not basic and origin, data general-purpose are poor, the closing of hysteresis quality, information is not open, information retrieval is repaiied Change that not convenient, information transmission is slow, management inquiry is difficult, knowledge application hardly possible, decision support difference etc..These serious engineering constraint construction With the efficiency managing it is also difficult to form a set of full stage bottom knowledge system and big data system, share shared difficulty, for this reason, It is proposed that a kind of all kinds of building data module system.
【Content of the invention】
Present invention is primarily targeted at providing a kind of all kinds of building data module systems, wherein each building is by multiple bases This building function(Functional areas)Constitute, each building basic function is an independent purposes or the demand completing to build, If corridor is the traffic needs completing people or equipment in building.We conclude the building basic function of all kinds of buildings, these Typical building basic function carries out minimizing classification, and standardization(Take into account all kinds of buildings and demand)Form building block afterwards, Building block is to develop from building basic function, so having a certain item building function of building.Building block is pressed therefore it Building function is naming:As guest room building basic function become guest room building block, and so on just have:Ward, ICU, corridor, Stair, elevator, office, kitchen, dining room, toilet, meeting room, SPA, refrigerating plant room, transformer room, switchgear house, fire pump room, All kinds of building block in boiler room, Air Conditioning Facilities, garage etc..To build data module as administrative unit, form versatility and base Plinth information(Comprise drawing and all kinds of data information)Architectural control standard and unit, get through all kinds of buildings, building different phase With each professional data, formed and build big data decision-making application, raising architectural engineering construction criteria and efficiency, promotion the Internet+ Building, can be with the problem in effectively solving background technology.
For achieving the above object, the technical scheme that the present invention takes is:
A kind of all kinds of building data module system, manages database, all kinds of basic architecture work(including building block, much information Building block can be formed, much information management includes demanding criteria information management, stage category information manages, specially after standard parameter Industry and the management of system category information, the management of drawing category information, material information-management, building geography and weather characteristic information manage, specially Industry personnel information management, product and authentication information managing, the management of module-external interface message and module multi-energy data information management, Described building block forms building data module by much information management, and described building data module includes similar building data Module and inhomogeneity building data module, described building data module forms data assets with data base.
Further, described demanding criteria information management includes the functional requirement standard of module, builds and O&M standard, section Can environmental protection standard and cost standard.
Further, described stage category information management inclusion can grind information, planning information, design information, consultation information, apply Work information, Debugging message, supervisory information, finishing information and O&M information.
Further, described specialty and the management of system category information include architectural discipline system, structure discipline system, plumbing Professional system, HVAC professional system, electric specialty system, finishing professional system and planning landscape major system.
Further, the management of described drawing category information includes specification, legend, equipment list, plane graph, system diagram, greatly Master drawing, profile, elevation, conceptual schema design, conceptual design, Preliminary design, construction drawing design and Deepen Design.
Further, described material information-management includes negotiation, change, meeting summary, video, picture, regulation and knowledge Class picture and text.
Further, described professional's information management includes the certification to its identity and qualification ability, and according to its energy Task and the roles such as power distribution check and correction, examination & verification, authorization.
Further, described product and authentication information managing include economic performance, energy-saving and environmental protection and fire-fighting.
Further, described module-external interface message management includes dynamo-electric caliber and interface position, the described module energy Data information management includes electricity, the water yield, tolerance, cold and heat, described data base include MYSQL, ORACLE, SQLSERVER etc. and corresponding C/S or B/S structure.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the advantages that:A kind of all kinds of building data module system, wherein often Individual building is all by multiple basic architecture functions(Functional areas)Constitute, each building basic function is complete to build one Independent purposes or demand, such as corridor are the traffic needs completing people or equipment in building.We conclude building of all kinds of buildings Build basic function, these typical building basic functions are carried out minimizing classification, and standardization(Take into account all kinds of buildings and need Ask)Form building block afterwards, to build data module as administrative unit, form versatility and extracted information(Comprise drawing and All kinds of data informations)Architectural control standard and unit, get through the data of all kinds of buildings, building different phase and each specialty, are formed Building big data decision-making application, improves architectural engineering construction criteria and efficiency, promotes the Internet+building, due to data base with build The data assets building data module formation have following effective effect:
1. all kinds of numerous and diverse module information screening of pair different phase different majors, refine, positioning, association, integrated, so that these is marked The data of standardization can be built convenient transmission between different phases and different majors, inherits, feeds back, optimizing, being integrated to form letter different Breath loop
2. the horizontal data message of all kinds of building uniformity module is used for reference and is contrasted;
3. the longitudinal data information interaction of module different phase different majors and collaborative;
4. so that information data between participation each side is formed shared, also allow for following the trail of Suo Yuan;
5. passing through to build data module is information management core, link building, participant and enterprise, engineering product, building rule Model, building user, drawing and data etc., form decision information Data-Link, and formation information is online and melts with building under line and people Close.
【Brief description】
Fig. 1 is the present invention all kinds of basic architecture data module overall system architecture schematic diagram.
In figure:1st, all kinds of basic architecture functions;2nd, building block;3rd, demanding criteria information management;4th, stage category information pipe Reason;5th, specialty and the management of system category information;6th, drawing category information management;7th, material information-management;8th, build geographical and weather spy Property information management;9th, professional's information management;10th, product and authentication information managing;11st, module-external interface message management; 12nd, module multi-energy data information management;13rd, data base;14th, build data module;15th, data assets;
【Specific embodiment】
Technological means, creation characteristic, reached purpose and effect for making the present invention realize are easy to understand, with reference to concrete Embodiment, is expanded on further the present invention.
As shown in figure 1, a kind of all kinds of building data module system, including building block(2), much information management data Storehouse(13), by all kinds of basic architecture functions(1)Form building block after standard parameter(2), much information management include demand Standard information manages(3), stage category information management(4), specialty and system category information management(5), drawing category information management(6)、 Material information-management(7), building is geographical and the management of weather characteristic information(8), professional's information management(9), product and certification Information management(10), module-external interface message management(11)With module multi-energy data information management(12), described building block (2)Building data module is formed by much information management(14), described building data module(14)Including similar building data Module and inhomogeneity building data module, described building data module(14)With data base(13)Form data assets(15).
The present invention all kinds of building data module system, wherein each building is by multiple basic architecture functions(Functional areas) Constitute, each building basic function is an independent purposes or the demand completing to build, and such as corridor is to complete people or set Standby traffic in building needs.We conclude the building basic function of all kinds of buildings(1), these typical building basic training Can carry out minimizing classification, and standardization(Take into account all kinds of buildings and demand)Form building block afterwards(2), to build data module (14)For administrative unit, form versatility and extracted information comprises drawing and all kinds of data information architectural control standard and list Unit, gets through the data of all kinds of buildings, building different phase and each specialty, forms building big data decision-making application, improves building work Journey construction criteria and efficiency, promote the Internet+building, due to data base(13)With building data module(14)The data money being formed Produce(15)There is following effective effect:
1. all kinds of numerous and diverse module information screening of pair different phase different majors, refine, positioning, association, integrated, so that these is marked The data of standardization can be built convenient transmission between different phases and different majors, inherits, feeds back, optimizing, being integrated to form letter different Breath loop
2. the horizontal data message of all kinds of building uniformity module is used for reference and is contrasted;
3. the longitudinal data information interaction of module different phase different majors and collaborative;
4. so that information data between participation each side is formed shared, also allow for following the trail of Suo Yuan;
5. pass through to build data module(14)For information management core, link building, participant and enterprise, engineering product, build Build specification, building user, drawing and data etc., form decision information Data-Link, formed information online and with building under line and People is merged.
Wherein, described demand markup information management(3)Including the functional requirement standard of module, build and O&M standard, section Can environmental protection standard and cost standard.
Wherein, described stage category information management(4)Including information, planning information, design information, consultation information can be ground, applies Work information, Debugging message, supervisory information, finishing information and O&M information.
Wherein, described specialty and the management of system category information(5)Including architectural discipline system, structure discipline system, plumbing Professional system, HVAC professional system, electric specialty system, finishing professional system and planning landscape major system.
Wherein, described drawing category information management(6)Including specification, legend, equipment list, plane graph, system diagram, full-page proof Figure, profile, elevation, conceptual schema design, conceptual design, Preliminary design, construction drawing design and Deepen Design.
Wherein, described material information-management(7)Including negotiation, change, meeting summary, video, picture, regulation and knowledge class Picture and text.
Wherein, described professional's information management(9)Including the certification to its identity and qualification ability, and according to its ability Task and the roles such as distribution check and correction, examination & verification, authorization.
Wherein, described product and authentication information managing(10)Including economic performance, energy-saving and environmental protection and fire-fighting.
Wherein, described module-external interface message management(11)Including dynamo-electric caliber and interface position, the described module energy Data information management(12)Including electricity, the water yield, tolerance, cold and heat, described data base(13)Including MYSQL, ORACLE, SQLSERVER etc. and corresponding C/S or B/S structure.
Ultimate principle and principal character and the advantages of the present invention of the present invention have been shown and described above.The technology of the industry , it should be appreciated that the present invention is not restricted to the described embodiments, the simply explanation described in above-described embodiment and description is originally for personnel The principle of invention, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention also has various changes and modifications, these changes Change and improvement both falls within scope of the claimed invention.Claimed scope by appending claims and its Equivalent thereof.

Claims (9)

1. a kind of all kinds of building data module system, including building block(2), much information management database(13), it is special Levy and be:All kinds of basic architecture functions(1)Form building block after standard parameter(2), much information management include demand mark Calibration information manages(3), stage category information management(4), specialty and system category information management(5), drawing category information management(6), money Material information management(7), building is geographical and the management of weather characteristic information(8), professional's information management(9), product and certification letter Breath management(10), module-external interface message management(11)With module multi-energy data information management(12), described building block(2) Building data module is formed by much information management(14), described building data module(14)Including similar building data module Build data module, described building data module with inhomogeneity(14)With data base(13)Form data assets(15).
2. all kinds of building data module system according to claim 1 it is characterised in that:Described demanding criteria information management (3)Including the functional requirement standard of module, build and O&M standard, energy-conserving and environment-protective standard and cost standard.
3. all kinds of building data module system according to claim 1 it is characterised in that:Described stage category information management (4)Including can grind information, planning information, design information, consultation information, construction information, Debugging message, supervisory information, finishing letter Breath and O&M information.
4. all kinds of building data module system according to claim 1 it is characterised in that:Described specialty and system category information Management(5)Including architectural discipline system, structure discipline system, water supply-drainage discipline system, HVAC professional system, electric specialty System, finishing professional system and planning landscape major system.
5. all kinds of building data module system according to claim 1 it is characterised in that:Described drawing category information management (6)Including specification, legend, equipment list, plane graph, system diagram, drawing, profile, elevation, conceptual schema design, Conceptual design, Preliminary design, construction drawing design and Deepen Design.
6. all kinds of building data module system according to claim 1 it is characterised in that:Described material information-management(7) Including negotiation, change, meeting summary, video, picture, regulation and knowledge class picture and text.
7. all kinds of building data module system according to claim 1 it is characterised in that:Described professional's information management (9)Including the certification to its identity and qualification ability, and according to task and roles such as the check and correction of its ability distribution, examination & verification, authorizations.
8. all kinds of building data module system according to claim 1 it is characterised in that:Described product and authentication information pipe Reason(10)Including economic performance, energy-saving and environmental protection and fire-fighting.
9. all kinds of building data module system according to claim 1 it is characterised in that:Described module-external interface message Management(11)Including dynamo-electric caliber and interface position, described module multi-energy data information management(12)Including electricity, the water yield, gas Amount, cold and heat, described data base(13)Including MYSQL, ORACLE, SQLSERVER and corresponding C/S or B/S structure.
CN201610807616.9A 2016-09-08 2016-09-08 Basic building data module system Pending CN106446358A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201610807616.9A CN106446358A (en) 2016-09-08 2016-09-08 Basic building data module system

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201610807616.9A CN106446358A (en) 2016-09-08 2016-09-08 Basic building data module system

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN106446358A true CN106446358A (en) 2017-02-22

Family

ID=58164078

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN201610807616.9A Pending CN106446358A (en) 2016-09-08 2016-09-08 Basic building data module system

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN106446358A (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107169747A (en) * 2017-06-19 2017-09-15 郑州航空工业管理学院 A kind of management system of various engineering of civil construction
CN108681654A (en) * 2018-06-06 2018-10-19 郑州航空工业管理学院 A kind of Architectural Structure Design system based on big data

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101504741A (en) * 2009-02-18 2009-08-12 路桥集团国际建设股份有限公司 Intelligent metering management system and method for construction engineering
CN103255884A (en) * 2013-05-22 2013-08-21 浙江家易宝住宅全装修有限公司 Full house decoration personalized customization method
CN103955795A (en) * 2014-04-30 2014-07-30 贵州永恒光科技有限公司 Project management system
CN104091215A (en) * 2014-07-22 2014-10-08 上海建科工程咨询有限公司 Project planning management system based on building information model
CN105468807A (en) * 2015-08-11 2016-04-06 香港华艺设计顾问(深圳)有限公司 Modularized architecture design method directly oriented to market demand
CN105701247A (en) * 2016-03-03 2016-06-22 黄川东 Construction method for engineering-product parameterization application system
CN105844380A (en) * 2016-01-26 2016-08-10 湖北文理学院 BIM-based BIM project element management method and system

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101504741A (en) * 2009-02-18 2009-08-12 路桥集团国际建设股份有限公司 Intelligent metering management system and method for construction engineering
CN103255884A (en) * 2013-05-22 2013-08-21 浙江家易宝住宅全装修有限公司 Full house decoration personalized customization method
CN103955795A (en) * 2014-04-30 2014-07-30 贵州永恒光科技有限公司 Project management system
CN104091215A (en) * 2014-07-22 2014-10-08 上海建科工程咨询有限公司 Project planning management system based on building information model
CN105468807A (en) * 2015-08-11 2016-04-06 香港华艺设计顾问(深圳)有限公司 Modularized architecture design method directly oriented to market demand
CN105844380A (en) * 2016-01-26 2016-08-10 湖北文理学院 BIM-based BIM project element management method and system
CN105701247A (en) * 2016-03-03 2016-06-22 黄川东 Construction method for engineering-product parameterization application system

Non-Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
刘林,齐振华: "基于BIM的大型建筑物业管理平台应用", 《建筑经济》 *
姜立,张志远,张雷,杨志勇: "BIM技术在PKPM建筑工程软件系统中的应用", 《土木建筑工程信息技术》 *
徐磊: "建设工程数字化集成管理研究", 《中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库工程科技Ⅱ辑》 *
李丽娜: "基于BIM的建设项目文本信息集成管理研究", 《中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库工程科技Ⅱ辑》 *
李相荣: "BIM(建筑信息模型)应用于房地产项目管理信息化", 《中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库经济与管理科学辑》 *
邱勇云,邱相武,赵志安,胡世阳: "基于BIM的暖通3DCAD开发研究", 《暖通空调》 *

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107169747A (en) * 2017-06-19 2017-09-15 郑州航空工业管理学院 A kind of management system of various engineering of civil construction
CN108681654A (en) * 2018-06-06 2018-10-19 郑州航空工业管理学院 A kind of Architectural Structure Design system based on big data

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
Hyde et al. The environmental brief: Pathways for green design
Hyde et al. Sustainable Retrofitting of Commercial Buildings: Warm Climates
Mohanta et al. Building envelope trade-off method integrated with BIM-based framework for energy-efficient building envelope
CN106446358A (en) Basic building data module system
Pless et al. The energy in modular (EMOD) buildings method: A guide to energy-efficient design for industrialized construction of modular buildings
Eriksson et al. Nordic campus retrofitting concepts–scalable practices
Ornetzeder et al. Passive houses in Austria: The role of intermediary organizations for the successful transformation of a socio-technical system
Bonnema et al. 50% Advanced Energy Design Guides
Anning Case study: bond university mirvac school of sustainable development building, Gold Coast, Australia
Briller Adapting to a New Reality—Strategies for Building Energy Design in a Changing Climate
Morris Improving Energy Efficient, Sustainable Building Design and Construction in Australia—Learning from Europe
Wang et al. Failure of natural ventilation strategy in a sustainable house in China
Bae et al. Prototype college building energy model: Building characteristics and energy simulation results
Wu et al. Research on Electrical Technology Application of Super High-rise Building based on BIM
Gomeseria Building Services in the Environmental Landscape
Romero et al. US Department of Energy Solar Decathlon Competition Guide: 2021 Design Challenge and 2023 Build Challenge
Vieveen Adaptive energy efficiency in historic buildings
Mansour et al. The impact of enhanced commissioning process on AEC professionals-a case study of LEED new construction in Egypt
AYANNIYI et al. ENERGY EFFICIENT AND GREEN BUILDING DESIGNS: A TOOL FOR TEACHING SUSTAINABLE DESIGN PRINCIPLES IN NIGERIAN SCHOOLS OF ARCHITECTURE.
Homadovski Architectural programs as corporate communications platforms
Old something new
Peinturier et al. Using an Evidence-Based Approach to Improve Calibration of Non-Domestic Building Digital Twins
Jayaprakash et al. 1 Message From Chief Editor 3 Message From Guest Editor 4 Key Message of the World Engineering Day–UNESCO 5 Recognising the Profession
Levy Simulation and analysis of energy consumption for an energy-intensive academic research building
Aquino Predicting Building Energy Performance: Leveraging Bim Content for Energy Efficient Buildings

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
C06 Publication
PB01 Publication
C10 Entry into substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
RJ01 Rejection of invention patent application after publication

Application publication date: 20170222

RJ01 Rejection of invention patent application after publication