CN106443373A - Non-contact type fiber ultrasonic sensor - Google Patents
Non-contact type fiber ultrasonic sensor Download PDFInfo
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- CN106443373A CN106443373A CN201610820987.0A CN201610820987A CN106443373A CN 106443373 A CN106443373 A CN 106443373A CN 201610820987 A CN201610820987 A CN 201610820987A CN 106443373 A CN106443373 A CN 106443373A
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- fiber
- contact type
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/12—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing
- G01R31/1209—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing using acoustic measurements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H9/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means
- G01H9/004—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means using fibre optic sensors
- G01H9/006—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means using fibre optic sensors the vibrations causing a variation in the relative position of the end of a fibre and another element
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a non-contact type fiber ultrasonic sensor. The side wall height central plane of a fiber installation ring is provided at its left side with a fiber fixing tube in the radial direction. The fiber fixing tube is provided therein with a single-mode fiber and a fiber collimating mirror superposing the central line. The right end of the single-mode fiber is mounted at the left end face of the fiber collimating mirror; the inner side wall height central plane is provided at its right side with a reflection mirror. The reflection mirror forms an angle of 45 degrees with the horizontally incoming laser beams; the lower end of the fiber installation ring is provided with a hollow plug; and the upper end of the hollow plug inside the fiber installation ring is provided with a sensing diaphragm. According to the testing, the non-contact type fiber ultrasonic sensor of the invention responds well, stably and sensitively to the ultrasonic signals in 300KHz wave band. In a real-time acquisition mode, the spectral signal to noise ratio is high, making it suitable to detect the ultrasonic waves generated by partial discharge of a transformer and to acquire ultrasonic waves in real time.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to sensor technical field is and in particular to arrive ultrasonic sensor.
Background technology
Power transformer is the important electrical in power system, is in hinge status in power system, once sending out
Raw fault, it is possible to occurrence of large-area power outage, brings heavy losses, therefore power system to power system and national economy
Pay much attention to the state of power transformer, the especially health status of its dielectric.Insulation system due to power transformer
Generally adopt insulating properties good oil immersed type compound inslation, the development with power system and the raising of electric pressure, locally
Electric discharge has become as the major reason of electric power transformer insulated deterioration, thus the detection of shelf depreciation and evaluate that also just to become it exhausted
The important means of edge condition monitoring.Either research institution, manufacturer, or Operation of Electric Systems department, all more and more close
The development of heart Partial Discharge Detecting Technology, and widely using Partial Discharge Detection as transformator quality monitoring important indicator,
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) and China all allow the side such as discharge capacity in the measuring principle of shelf depreciation, method and various kinds of equipment
Concrete regulation has been made in face, has formulated series of standards, and domestic and international transformer manufacturing manufacturer is all using measurement of partial discharge as dispatching from the factory
Pilot project, to control the quality of product.
The detection of shelf depreciation with phenomenons various produced by shelf depreciation as foundation, by the physics of this phenomenon can be described
Measure and to characterize the state of shelf depreciation.Can produce during shelf depreciation electric pulse, gaseous products, ultrasound wave, electromagnetic radiation,
The phenomenons such as light, hot-spot and generation energy loss.Occurred as soon as accordingly electric pulse detection method, gas chromatography,
Multiple detection methods such as ultrasonic Detection Method, Electromagnetic Wave Detection method, light detection method.
Ultrasonic Detection Method is to be put with the internal local of ultrasonic sensor receiving transformer being fixed on transformer box wall
The ultrasound wave that electricity produces, thus to detect the size and location of shelf depreciation.Supercritical ultrasonics technology detection partial discharge of transformer has
Following characteristics:
It is easily achieved on-line checking；It is easy to space orientation；It is expected to realize carrying out pattern recognition and quantitation using supercritical ultrasonics technology
Analysis；The research further of supercritical ultrasonics technology is expected to obtain some new discharge information.Although electrical pulse method is shelf depreciation research
Basis, but have very big interference (generally in thousand of more than PC) when electric impulse signal detects in the field, be difficult to correct
Obtain discharge signal, in addition the problems such as the equivalence of the problem of on-line proving and online result and offline result, be also to be stranded for a long time
Disturb the problem of electrical pulse method on-line checking partial discharge of transformer, at present in the field, engineers and technicians are often more concerned with fortune
The Partial Discharge Detection problem of line transformer, particularly when discharge capacity is larger, determines transformator by detecting shelf depreciation
The damaged condition of insulation.And this situation is suitable for supercritical ultrasonics technology detection, in transformer technology field, the skill that currently need to urgently solve
Art problem is to provide a kind of detection sensor of insulation damages degree.
Content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved is to overcome the shortcoming of above-mentioned technology, provides a kind of non-contact type optical fiber to surpass
Sonic transducer.
Solve above-mentioned technical problem be employed technical scheme comprise that：Left in the central plane of optical fiber mounting ring Sidewall Height
Side has been radially arranged optical fiber fixing pipe, single-mode fiber and fiber optic collimator mirror that in optical fiber fixing pipe, setting own centre line coincides,
The right-hand member of single-mode fiber is arranged on fiber optic collimator mirror left side, and in the central plane of optical fiber mounting ring medial wall height, right side sets
It is equipped with reflecting mirror, reflecting mirror is 45 ° with the angle of horizontal laser beam incident direction, be provided with hollow stifled in optical fiber mounting ring lower end
Head, in optical fiber mounting ring, hollow plug upper end is provided with sensing membrane.
The distance between the sensing membrane of the present invention and fiber optic collimator mirror lateral surface are 10 μm～1mm.
The sensing membrane of the present invention adopts gold foil, and the thickness of gold foil is 0.13 μm～0.02mm.
The length of the fiber optic collimator mirror of the present invention is 5～10mm, wavelength is 1560nm, vacuum on fiber optic collimator mirror right side
Evaporation has the semi-transparent semi-reflecting film that light transmittance is 50%.
The reflecting mirror upper end of the present invention and the distance of fiber optic collimator mirror right side are 10 μm～1mm.
Due to present invention employs single-mode fiber, fiber optic collimator mirror and reflecting mirror, during transmitting ultrasound wave, laser is through single mode
To fiber optic collimator mirror, diverging light is changed into parallel laser to fiber-optic transfer by fiber optic collimator mirror, and the reflected mirror of parallel laser reflexes to
Sensing membrane, when ultrasound wave is added to sensing membrane, sensing membrane produces vibration, so that reflection laser is changed, and reflection laser is through sensing membrane
Reflection returns along original optical path, modulated optical information, by solving dimming information, exports the signal of telecommunication.The sensing membrane of the present invention employs
Thickness is the gold foil of 0.13 μm～0.02mm, the experiment proved that, the present invention has well to the ultrasonic signal of 300KHz wave band
Response characteristic, stability, sensitivity, under Real-time Collection pattern, spectral signal-noise ratio high it is adaptable to local in detection transformator
The ultrasound wave that electric discharge produces, can be used for Real-time Collection ultrasound wave.
Brief description
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Fig. 2 is the system diagram of the test present invention.
Fig. 3 is that the embodiment of the present invention 1 receives the demodulated voltage curve of pulse ultrasonic wave signal.
Fig. 4 is that the embodiment of the present invention 1 receives the demodulated voltage curve of sinusoidal ultrasound wave signal.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, but the invention is not restricted to these embodiments.
Embodiment 1
In FIG, the non-contact type optical fibre ultrasonic sensor of the present embodiment is by optical fiber mounting ring 1, optical fiber fixing pipe 2, list
Mode fiber 3, fiber optic collimator mirror 4, reflecting mirror 5, sensing membrane 6, hollow plug 7 connection are constituted.
Optical fiber mounting ring 1 be shaped as ring bodies, in the central plane of optical fiber mounting ring 1 Sidewall Height left radial lead to
Cross thread connection and optical fiber fixing pipe 2 is installed, single-mode fiber 3 and fiber optic collimator mirror 4, single-mode optics are installed in optical fiber fixing pipe 2
The centrage of fibre 3 and fiber optic collimator mirror 4 coincides, and the length of the fiber optic collimator mirror 4 of the present embodiment is 8mm, fiber optic collimator mirror 4
Wavelength is 1560nm, and vacuum evaporation on the right side of fiber optic collimator mirror 4 has the semi-transparent semi-reflecting film that light transmittance is 50%, fiber optic collimator
Mirror 4 is used for for diverging light being converted into collimated light beam, the gluing left end being connected on fiber optic collimator mirror 4 of right-hand member optics of single-mode fiber 3
Face.In the central plane of optical fiber mounting ring 1 medial wall height, right side is screwed connection and is provided with reflecting mirror 5, reflecting mirror 5
Angle with horizontal laser beam incident direction is 45 °, and reflecting mirror 5 upper end is 0.5mm with the distance of fiber optic collimator mirror 4 right side.
In the lower end of optical fiber mounting ring 1, hollow plug 7 is provided with by thread connection, in optical fiber mounting ring 1, hollow plug 7 upper end is installed
There is a sensing membrane 6, the sensing membrane 6 of the present embodiment adopts gold foil, and the thickness of gold foil is 0.13 μm, sensing membrane 6 and fiber optic collimator
The distance between mirror 4 lateral surface is 0.5mm, rotates hollow plug 7, can adjust sensing membrane 6 and fiber optic collimator mirror 4 lateral surface it
Between distance.When not having ultrasound wave, laser is transferred to fiber optic collimator mirror through single-mode fiber, and the laser dissipating is turned by fiber optic collimator mirror
It is changed into parallel laser, the reflected mirror of parallel laser 5 reflexes to sensing membrane 6, reflect through sensing membrane 6 and return along original optical path；Transmitting is super
During sound wave, laser is transferred to fiber optic collimator mirror through single-mode fiber, and diverging light is changed into parallel laser by fiber optic collimator mirror, parallel sharp
The reflected mirror of light 5 reflexes to sensing membrane 6, and when ultrasound wave is added to sensing membrane 6, sensing membrane 6 produces vibration, so that reflection laser is become
Change, reflection laser reflects through sensing membrane 6 and returns along original optical path, modulated optical information, by solving dimming information, export the signal of telecommunication.
Embodiment 2
In the central plane of optical fiber mounting ring 1 Sidewall Height, left radial is provided with optical fiber fixing pipe by thread connection
2, single-mode fiber 3 and fiber optic collimator mirror 4, the centrage phase of single-mode fiber 3 and fiber optic collimator mirror 4 are installed in optical fiber fixing pipe 2
Overlap, the length of fiber optic collimator mirror 4 is 5mm, and the wavelength of fiber optic collimator mirror 4 is 1560nm, true on the right side of fiber optic collimator mirror 4
Empty evaporation has the semi-transparent semi-reflecting film that light transmittance is 50%, and single-mode fiber 3 is clamped in optical fiber fixing pipe 2, the right-hand member of single-mode fiber 3
With the gluing left side being connected on fiber optic collimator mirror 4 of optics.Right radial in the central plane of optical fiber mounting ring 1 medial wall height
It is screwed connection and reflecting mirror 5 is installed, reflecting mirror 5 is 45 ° with the angle of horizontal laser beam incident direction, on reflecting mirror 5
End is 10 μm with the distance of right side.In the lower end of optical fiber mounting ring 1, hollow plug 7 is provided with by thread connection, optical fiber is pacified
In dress ring 1, hollow plug 7 upper end is provided with sensing membrane 6, and sensing membrane 6 adopts gold foil, and the thickness of gold foil is 0.01mm, sensing
The distance between film 6 and fiber optic collimator mirror 4 lateral surface are 10 μm.
The connecting relation of other parts and parts is same as Example 1.
Embodiment 3
In the central plane of optical fiber mounting ring 1 Sidewall Height, left radial is provided with optical fiber fixing pipe by thread connection
2, single-mode fiber 3 and fiber optic collimator mirror 4, the centrage phase of single-mode fiber 3 and fiber optic collimator mirror 4 are installed in optical fiber fixing pipe 2
Overlap, the length of fiber optic collimator mirror 4 is 10mm, and the wavelength of fiber optic collimator mirror 4 is 1560nm, on the right side of fiber optic collimator mirror 4
Vacuum evaporation has the semi-transparent semi-reflecting film that light transmittance is 50%, and single-mode fiber 3 is clamped in optical fiber fixing pipe 2, the right side of single-mode fiber 3
The gluing left side being connected on fiber optic collimator mirror 4 of end optics.Right side footpath in the central plane of optical fiber mounting ring 1 medial wall height
To being screwed connection, reflecting mirror 5 is installed, reflecting mirror 5 is 45 ° with the angle of horizontal laser beam incident direction, reflecting mirror 5
Upper end is 1mm with the distance of right side.In the lower end of optical fiber mounting ring 1, hollow plug 7 is provided with by thread connection, optical fiber is pacified
In dress ring 1, hollow plug 7 upper end is provided with sensing membrane 6, and sensing membrane 6 adopts gold foil, and the thickness of gold foil is 0.02mm, sensing
The distance between film 6 and fiber optic collimator mirror 4 lateral surface are 1mm.
The connecting relation of other parts and parts is same as Example 1.
In order to verify beneficial effects of the present invention, inventor adopts the non-contact type optical fiber of the embodiment of the present invention 1 preparation to surpass
Sonic transducer is tested, and test case is as follows.
1st, set up test system
Tunable laser is connected with optical fiber circulator by optical fiber, optical fiber circulator passes through optical fiber and photodetector phase
Even, photodetector is connected with oscillograph by cable, and supersonic generator passes through coaxial cable and piezoelectric ceramic transducer phase
Even, constitute the test system for testing the present invention.
2nd, method of testing
(1) present invention optical fiber is connected with optical fiber circulator, connects the power supply of tunable laser and ultrasonic generator, will
Directly hollow plug 7 contacts ultrasonic occurring source with bottom of the present invention, and the 300KHz pulse ultrasonic wave that ultrasonic generator sends makes
Sensing membrane 6 is vibrated, and causes reflected light to change, and modulates optical information.The narrow-linewidth laser that tunable laser sends passes through optical fiber
Circulator transmits to the present invention, and the optical information modulated transmits to optical fiber circulator through the present invention again, is transmitting to photodetection
Device, photodetector changes optical signal to voltage signal, is transferred to oscillograph through coaxial cable, and oscilloscope display goes out ultrasonic letter
Number curve, as shown in Figure 3.
In figure 3, abscissa is the time of ultrasonic motion, and unit is μ s.Vertical coordinate is voltage, and unit is V, and expression is adopted
Collect the energy size of ultrasonic signal.As seen from Figure 3, non-contact type optical fibre ultrasonic sensor receive at 120 μ s ultrasonic
Signal, sensitivity is high.Show that non-contact type optical fibre ultrasonic sensor detection 300kHz pulse ultrasonic wave is respond well, can be used for examining
Survey pulse ultrasonic wave.
(2) present invention is connected with optical fiber circulator by optical fiber, connects the power supply of tunable laser and ultrasonic generator,
By ultrasonic generator and bottom of the present invention directly contact, the 300kHz sinusoidal signal that ultrasonic generator sends makes native gold vibrate, and enters
And cause reflected light to change, modulate optical information.The narrow-linewidth laser that tunable laser sends is transmitted by optical fiber circulator
To the present invention, the optical information modulated transmits to optical fiber circulator through the present invention again, then transmits to photodetector, photodetection
Device converts optical signals into voltage signal, transmits to oscillograph through coaxial cable, oscilloscope display goes out ultrasonic signal curve, such as schemes
Shown in 4.
In the diagram, abscissa is the time of ultrasonic motion, and unit is μ s.Vertical coordinate is voltage, and unit is V, and expression is adopted
Collect the energy size of ultrasonic signal.From fig. 4, it can be seen that non-contact type optical fibre ultrasonic sensor detects 300KHz wave band
Sinusoidal ultrasound wave signal, and sensitivity is higher.Show non-contact type optical fibre ultrasonic sensor detection 300kHz sinusoidal ultrasound wave effect
Fruit is good, can be used for detecting sinusoidal ultrasound wave.
The result of experiment (1) (2) shows, non-contact type optical fibre ultrasonic sensor has to the ultrasonic signal of 300KHz wave band
Good response characteristic, stability, sensitivity, under Real-time Collection pattern, spectral signal-noise ratio high it is adaptable in detection transformator
The demand of the ultrasound examination that shelf depreciation produces, can be used for Real-time Collection ultrasound wave.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of non-contact type optical fibre ultrasonic sensor it is characterised in that：Central plane in optical fiber mounting ring (1) Sidewall Height
Interior left radial is provided with optical fiber fixing pipe (2), the single-mode fiber (3) that in optical fiber fixing pipe (2), setting own centre line coincides
With fiber optic collimator mirror (4), the right-hand member of single-mode fiber (3) is arranged on fiber optic collimator mirror (4) left side, in optical fiber mounting ring (1)
In the central plane of Sidewall Height, right side is provided with reflecting mirror (5), and reflecting mirror (5) with the angle of horizontal laser beam incident direction is
45 °, in optical fiber mounting ring (1) lower end, it is provided with hollow plug (7), in optical fiber mounting ring (1), hollow plug (7) upper end is provided with
Sensing membrane (6).
2. non-contact type optical fibre ultrasonic sensor according to claim 1 it is characterised in that：Described sensing membrane (6) with
The distance between fiber optic collimator mirror (4) lateral surface is 10 μm～1mm.
3. non-contact type optical fibre ultrasonic sensor according to claim 1 and 2 it is characterised in that：Described sensing membrane (6)
Using gold foil, the thickness of gold foil is 0.13 μm～0.02mm.
4. non-contact type optical fibre ultrasonic sensor according to claim 1 it is characterised in that：Described fiber optic collimator mirror
(4) length is 5～10mm, wavelength is 1560nm, and on fiber optic collimator mirror (4) right side, vacuum evaporation has light transmittance is 50%
Semi-transparent semi-reflecting film.
5. non-contact type optical fibre ultrasonic sensor according to claim 1 it is characterised in that：On described reflecting mirror (5)
End is 10 μm～1mm with the distance of fiber optic collimator mirror (4) right side.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201610820987.0A CN106443373B (en) | 2016-09-13 | 2016-09-13 | non-contact type optical fibre ultrasonic sensor |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201610820987.0A CN106443373B (en) | 2016-09-13 | 2016-09-13 | non-contact type optical fibre ultrasonic sensor |
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| CN106443373A true CN106443373A (en) | 2017-02-22 |
| CN106443373B CN106443373B (en) | 2017-12-05 |
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| US20140290372A1 (en) * | 2012-12-10 | 2014-10-02 | Nicholas Lagakos | Fiber optic directional acoustic sensor |
| CN105067102A (en) * | 2015-08-19 | 2015-11-18 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Non-intrinsic type optical-fiber fabry-perot sound-pressure senor based on 45-degree optical fiber, and machining method |
| CN105241541A (en) * | 2015-10-22 | 2016-01-13 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | FBG-based diaphragm type high-definition F-P optical fiber sound pressure sensor |
-
2016
- 2016-09-13 CN CN201610820987.0A patent/CN106443373B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (5)
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| US20140290372A1 (en) * | 2012-12-10 | 2014-10-02 | Nicholas Lagakos | Fiber optic directional acoustic sensor |
| CN103245408A (en) * | 2013-04-26 | 2013-08-14 | 重庆大学 | Extrinsic optical fiber Fabry-Perot vibration sensor and system |
| CN203191069U (en) * | 2013-04-28 | 2013-09-11 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | Extrinsic optical fiber Fabry-Perot acoustic emission sensor and ultrasonic detection device comprising same |
| CN105067102A (en) * | 2015-08-19 | 2015-11-18 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Non-intrinsic type optical-fiber fabry-perot sound-pressure senor based on 45-degree optical fiber, and machining method |
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Non-Patent Citations (1)
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| 张伟超: "液-固复合绝缘局放声发射光纤传感检测技术研究", 《中国优秀博士学位论文全文数据库》 * |
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