CN106442463A - Method for counting algae cells and determining algae species on basis of line scanning Raman microscopy imaging - Google Patents

Method for counting algae cells and determining algae species on basis of line scanning Raman microscopy imaging Download PDF

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CN106442463A
CN106442463A CN201610845672.1A CN201610845672A CN106442463A CN 106442463 A CN106442463 A CN 106442463A CN 201610845672 A CN201610845672 A CN 201610845672A CN 106442463 A CN106442463 A CN 106442463A
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frustule
algae
raman
sample
counting
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CN106442463B (en
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何石轩
谢婉谊
方绍熙
王德强
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Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology of CAS
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Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology of CAS
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/62Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
    • G01N21/63Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
    • G01N21/65Raman scattering

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for counting algae cells and determining algae species on basis of line scanning Raman microscopy imaging. The method comprises steps as follows: preparation of an algae cell detection counting board, pretreatment of algae cell samples, algae cell imaging and algae cell counting and algae specie determination based on algae cell Raman imaging. According to the method for counting the algae cells and determining the algae species on the basis of line scanning Raman microscopy imaging and multivariate data mining, algae cell counting and rapid determination and analysis of the algae species in an algae solution can be realized, and accurate counting of the algae cells and synchronous rapid recognition of the algae species are easy to realize.

Description

Counted and algae kind method of discrimination based on the frustule that line scans Raman mapping
Technical field
The invention belongs to environmental monitoring and resist technology field are and in particular to a kind of scan Raman mapping based on line Frustule counts and algae kind method of discrimination.
Background technology
Develop rapidly with economic, to the later stage nineties 20th century, in the lake of China investigation, have at 88.6% In eutrophic state.Enter 21 century, lake eutrophication assumes the situation of high speed development.China has occurred and that eutrophy at present The area of lake changed reaches 5000km2, possess and occur the area of lake of eutrophication condition to reach 14000km2.Due to eutrophication Water body faces the problem frequently breaking out algae wawter bloom, therefore, using eutrophication water as drinking water source, can be to China resident Safe drinking water cause seriously to threaten.
Cause in volume wawter bloom in freshwater lake eutrophication, most commonly seen with spring and summer microalgae wawter bloom, as the Taihu Lake of China Basin, the Biomass of microalgae accounts for more than the 90% of algae total biomass;The microalgae wawter bloom of Dian Chi does not disappear throughout the year, and water quality is corrupt, Algae toxins content remains high.With the aggravation of water pollution, increasing lake, reservoir or even river also break out water often Magnificent phenomenon, accordingly, it would be desirable to distinguish that whether the wawter bloom of eutrophication water is caused by microalgae and determine the quantity of microalgae.
At present, the identification that algae researcher can be by microscope to frustule counting and algae kind, but for counting Accuracy and algae kind identification, be limited to the accumulation of the experience at aspects such as frustule forms for the experimenter to a great extent. With the development of computer image processing technology, develop a kind of cell counting based on frustule imaging and recognition methodss, should Method needs to carry out optical imagery to frustule, and using complicated image processing techniquess, frustule is counted, and for The identification of the type of frustule is based only upon the differentiation between cell size.Except tradition counts identification based on microscopical frustule Outside method, the method that prior art can be used for frustule counting is also included at based on flow cytometer, micro-imaging digital picture Reason, optical detecting method and its improved method be combineding with each other, these methods improve the counting of frustule to a certain extent Precision and recognition accuracy.But, these methods have certain defective, if desired for carry out complexity pretreatment (ultrasonic, Filter, dye etc.) it is impossible to directly counting or identifying, meanwhile, prior Criterion curve is needed using indirect method.
Therefore, a kind of quick, simple and effective frustule counting and algae kind method of discrimination are found for people in the art It is necessary for member.
Content of the invention
In view of this, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of excavated based on line scanning Raman mapping and multivariate data Frustule count and algae kind discriminant analysis method, realize the simultaneously and rapidly discriminant analysiss of the counting of cell and algae kind in algae solution.
For achieving the above object, the invention provides following technical scheme:
Counted and algae kind method of discrimination based on the frustule that line scans Raman mapping, comprise the steps:
1) prepare frustule detection counting chamber:Etch sensing chamber on a silicon substrate, described sensing chamber is 1mm*1mm* Described sensing chamber is divided into 3*3 little sensing chamber in sensing chamber's bottom lines, in sensing chamber by the cuboid groove of 0.1mm Two opposite side etch sample inlet raceway groove and sample export raceway groove more respectively;
2) pretreatment of frustule sample:Algae solution sample is fully diluted to frustule not phase mutual respect with ultra-pure water Folded, covered on frustule detection counting chamber, the sample after dilution is added to the inspection of counting chamber from sample inlet raceway groove Survey in room, unnecessary sample then flows out from sample export passage, frustule detection counting chamber is placed on the operating board of level, quiet Put and adsorb at sensing chamber bottom as much as possible to frustule, nonvoluntary travelling;
3) frustule imaging:Select 532nm laser instrument, 50 times/100 times telephoto lens, the large area based on line scanning is altogether Burnt Raman image splicing, carries out quick Overlap-scanning, sample room large area imaging is spliced to the sample in frustule counting chamber, with The feature peak height of frustule, peak area, peak height or peak area ratio and characteristic peak frequency are moved automated imaging and are obtained based on line scanning Large area splices the Raman image figure of frustule;
4) frustule based on frustule Raman image counts:Become based on the Raman that the large area of line scanning splices frustule As figure, respectively cluster analyses are carried out to the frustule Raman signatures information being in four angle imaging regions of sensing chamber, realize algae thin Born of the same parents count respectively, obtain four region frustule number averages, 9 times of this average are the quantity of frustule in this sensing chamber, enter And realize frustule and count, described frustule Raman signatures information includes characteristic peak height, peak area or ratio, peak frequency displacement;
5) identification of algae kind:
First, set up the confocal Raman spectra standard database of different algae cells, draw including different the confocal of algae kind Graceful spectrum, the Raman signatures information of algae kind;By the confocal Raman image chart database of known algae kind cell, minimum based on discriminant Two multiplication algorithms, support vector classification or artificial neural network, set up algae kind discriminant analysiss model;
Based on step 4) frustule count result, by a certain cluster sample characteristic information carry out averagely, as this The center of class sample, scans for comparing with algae kind cell database and then algae kind is identified;Or, with a certain cluster All spectroscopic datas be forecast set, based on the algae kind discriminant analysiss model of aforementioned foundation, this cluster frustule is identified.
Preferably, step 3) in order that frustule imaging is apparent, frustule image is filtered and baseline correction Pretreatment, final obtain the Raman image figure splicing frustule based on the large area of line scanning.
Preferably, step 3) described filtering and the preprocessing process of baseline correction can carry out according to two methods, Yi Zhongfang Method is based on Raman image figure, is processed using two-dimensional filtering and baseline correction algorithm;Another kind of method is to be imaged In single Raman spectrum based on, processed using one-dimensional filtering and baseline correction algorithm, filtering can be wavelet filtering, flat Sliding filtering;Baseline correction is chosen as wavelet transformation, asymmetric least square, smoothing spline matching or is based on genetic groups baseline school Normal operation method.
The beneficial effects of the present invention is:One kind that the present invention provides is based on line scanning Raman mapping and multivariate data The frustule excavating counts and algae kind discriminant analysis method, and in achievable algae solution, the Quick of the counting of cell and algae kind divides Analysis, it is easy to accomplish the simultaneously and rapidly identification of the accurate counting of frustule and algae kind.
Brief description
In order that the purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect are clearer, the present invention provides drawings described below:
Fig. 1 represents that the frustule being excavated based on line scanning Raman mapping and multivariate data is counted and algae kind discriminant analysiss Scheme.
Fig. 2 represents frustule detection counting chamber;Wherein 1 quartz substrate;2 sample raceway grooves;3 quartz cover glass Piece;4 algae solution deposition regions;5 sample raceway grooves;6 scanning lasers and scattered signal are collected;7 telephoto lens; 8 incident lasers and scattered signal collect passage.
Fig. 3 represents the foundation of algae kind discrimination model and the identification of algae kind to be measured.
Fig. 4 represents the blue-green algae cell 1522cm based on line scanning-1Characteristic peak area Raman image schematic diagram nearby.
Fig. 5 represents the blue-green algae cell 1522cm based on line scanning-1Feature frequency displacement Raman image schematic diagram nearby.
Fig. 6 represents blue-green algae cell 1522cm-1Feature frequency displacement Raman original image effect nearby.
Blue-green algae cell 1522cm after Fig. 7 expression process-1Feature frequency displacement Raman image effect nearby.
Specific embodiment
In order that the purpose of the embodiment of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage are clearer, with reference to the embodiment of the present invention In accompanying drawing, to the present invention be embodied as carry out clear, complete description.Obvious, described embodiment is the present invention In a part of embodiment, rather than whole embodiment.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art exist The every other embodiment being obtained on the premise of not making creative work, broadly falls into protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
The first step, prepared using micro-processing method frustule detection counting chamber
On a silicon substrate, using lithographic methods, frustule sensing chamber, detection are processed according to counting chamber structure shown in Fig. 2 The room length of side is 1mm*1mm, and including 3*3 little sensing chamber, the depth of sensing chamber is 0.1mm.I.e. when algae solution fills with sensing chamber, Algae solution volume is 0.1mm3.Then in sensing chamber's overlying lid quartz cover slip, in case the detection of frustule and counting.
Second step, sample preprocessing and Preparatory work of experiment
Algae solution sample is carried out the dilution of certain multiple, shake up, a certain amount of algae solution is taken using pipettor, drops in frustule The injection port 2 of counting chamber 1, algae solution, under siphonage, is distributed to each sensing chamber 4, unnecessary algae solution absorbent paper is from sample Raceway groove 5 suctions out.Frustule counting chamber is placed on the operating board of level, standing a period of time, so that frustule is adsorbed as much as possible At sensing chamber bottom, nonvoluntary travelling, facilitate confocal Raman to carry out large-area Overlap-scanning, and then frustule can be counted and algae The identification planted.
3rd step, frustule imaging
Select 532nm laser instrument, 50 times of telephoto lens, 1% laser power, the time of integration is 2 seconds.Laser light quartz Coverslip focuses on the algae solution sample of sensing chamber, based on the large area confocal Raman image splicing of line scanning, frustule is counted The sample of plate is quickly scanned.Sample room large area imaging splicing, with frustule characteristic peak 1522cm-1(belong to carotenoids Element) based on automated imaging.With blue-green algae cell 1522cm-1Nearby as a example characteristic peak area Raman image, as shown in figure 4, algae Cell characteristic significantly presents.In order to clearly present frustule feature, need to frustule image further Pretreatment, including filtering and baseline correction, obtains the large area imaging figure of frustule in counting chamber.With the single Raman in being imaged Based on spectrum, processed using one-dimensional filtering and baseline correction algorithm, finally realized the pretreatment of frustule image.Its Middle filtering adopts wavelet filtering;Baseline correction asymmetric least square baseline correction algorithm.
4th step, the frustule based on frustule Raman image count
Based on Fig. 4, with 1522cm-1Feature frequency displacement nearby is imaged to blue-green alge Characteristic Raman, as shown in figure 5, due to There is certain error of fitting in imaging process, frequency displacement Raman image has larger error, that is, do not have the place of frustule to go out Show feature frequency shift information.There is no the region of frustule in theory, frustule Raman signatures peak area is zero.Therefore, based on algae Cell imaging (Fig. 4) and frequency displacement imaging (Fig. 5) it is considered to peak error of fitting, produce error frequency displacement characteristic peak area less or Very big, based on Matlab platform, pretreatment is carried out to primitive character frequency displacement imaging (Fig. 6), obtain more clearly frustule frequency Move into as (Fig. 7).
Based on the Raman image figure that large area splices frustule, respectively to being in four angle imaging regions of sensing chamber Frustule raman characteristic peak frequency displacement carries out cluster analyses, realizes frustule and counts respectively, obtains four region frustule number averages, 9 times of this average are the quantity of frustule in this sensing chamber, and then realize frustule counting.
5th step, the identification of algae kind
First, set up the confocal Raman spectra data base of different algae cells, including the confocal Raman light of different algae kinds Spectrum, Raman signatures information of algae kind etc., in case the quick identification of algae kind;
By the confocal Raman image chart database of known algae kind cell, based on discriminant least-squares algorithm, set up algae kind Discrimination model;
The result being counted based on aforementioned frustule and algae kind discriminant Least square analysis model, with the institute in a certain cluster There is spectroscopic data to be forecast set, this cluster frustule is identified, realize counting and the automatic identification of frustule.
The specific frustule counting based on line scanning Raman mapping and multivariate data excavation and algae kind discriminant analysiss Scheme is as shown in figure 1, Fig. 3 represents the foundation of algae kind discrimination model and the identification process figure of algae kind to be measured.
In sum, a kind of frustule being excavated based on line scanning Raman mapping and multivariate data that the present invention provides Count and algae kind discriminant analysis method, the Quick analysis of the counting of cell and algae kind in achievable algae solution, it is easy to accomplish algae The accurate counting of cell and the simultaneously and rapidly identification of algae kind.
Finally illustrate, preferred embodiment above only in order to technical scheme to be described and unrestricted, although logical Cross above preferred embodiment the present invention to be described in detail, it is to be understood by those skilled in the art that can be In form and various changes are made to it, without departing from claims of the present invention limited range in details.

Claims (3)

1. counted based on the frustule that line scans Raman mapping and algae kind method of discrimination is it is characterised in that include following walking Suddenly:1) prepare frustule detection counting chamber:Etch sensing chamber on a silicon substrate, described sensing chamber is 1mm*1mm*0.1mm's Described sensing chamber is divided into 3*3 little sensing chamber in sensing chamber's bottom lines, two in sensing chamber right by cuboid groove Side etches sample inlet raceway groove and sample export raceway groove more respectively;
2) pretreatment of frustule sample:Algae solution sample is fully diluted to frustule with ultra-pure water do not overlap, Covered on frustule detection counting chamber, the sample after dilution is added to the sensing chamber of counting chamber from sample inlet raceway groove In, unnecessary sample then flows out from sample export passage, frustule detection counting chamber is placed on the operating board of level, stand to Frustule adsorbs at sensing chamber bottom as much as possible, nonvoluntary travelling;
3) frustule imaging:Select 532nm laser instrument, 50 times/100 times telephoto lens, the large area based on line scanning is confocal to draw Graceful imaging joint, carries out quick Overlap-scanning to the sample in frustule counting chamber, and wherein, sample room large area imaging is spliced, Move automated imaging with the feature peak height of frustule, peak area, peak height or peak area ratio and characteristic peak frequency to obtain scanning based on line Large area splice frustule Raman image figure;
4) frustule based on frustule Raman image counts:Splice the Raman image of frustule based on the large area of line scanning Figure, carries out cluster analyses to the frustule Raman signatures information being in four angle imaging regions of sensing chamber respectively, realizes frustule Count respectively, obtain four region frustule number averages, 9 times of this average are the quantity of frustule in this sensing chamber, and then Realize frustule to count, described frustule Raman signatures information includes characteristic peak height, peak area or ratio, peak frequency displacement;
5) identification of algae kind:
First, set up the confocal Raman spectra standard database of different algae cells, including the confocal Raman light of different algae kinds Spectrum, the Raman signatures information of algae kind;By the confocal Raman image chart database of known algae kind cell, based on discriminant least square Algorithm, support vector classification or artificial neural network, set up algae kind discriminant analysiss model;
Based on step 4) frustule count result, by a certain cluster sample characteristic information carry out averagely, as this class sample This center, scans for comparing with algae kind cell database and then algae kind is identified;Or, with the institute in a certain cluster There is spectroscopic data to be forecast set, based on the algae kind discriminant analysiss model of aforementioned foundation, this cluster frustule is identified.
2. counted and algae kind method of discrimination based on the frustule that line scans Raman mapping according to claim 1, it is special Levy and be, step 3) in order that frustule imaging is apparent, frustule image is filtered and baseline correction pretreatment, The final Raman image figure obtaining the large area splicing frustule based on line scanning.
3. counted and algae kind method of discrimination based on the frustule that line scans Raman mapping according to claim 2, it is special Levy and be, step 3) preprocessing process of described filtering and baseline correction can carry out according to two methods, and a kind of method is to draw Based on graceful image, processed using two-dimensional filtering and baseline correction algorithm;Another kind of method is with single in being imaged Based on Raman spectrum, processed using one-dimensional filtering and baseline correction algorithm, filtering can be wavelet filtering, smothing filtering; Baseline correction is chosen as wavelet transformation, asymmetric least square, smoothing spline matching or is based on genetic groups baseline correction algorithm.
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