CN106440404A - Solar hot water heat pump system - Google Patents
Solar hot water heat pump system Download PDFInfo
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- CN106440404A CN106440404A CN201610971305.6A CN201610971305A CN106440404A CN 106440404 A CN106440404 A CN 106440404A CN 201610971305 A CN201610971305 A CN 201610971305A CN 106440404 A CN106440404 A CN 106440404A
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 645
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 38
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000589248 Legionella Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000007764 Legionnaires' Disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 241001643392 Cyclea Species 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008236 heating water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002352 surface water Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D19/00—Details
- F24D19/10—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F24D19/1006—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems
- F24D19/1066—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for the combination of central heating and domestic hot water
- F24D19/1075—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for the combination of central heating and domestic hot water the system uses solar energy
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D3/00—Hot-water central heating systems
- F24D3/005—Hot-water central heating systems combined with solar energy
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D3/00—Hot-water central heating systems
- F24D3/18—Hot-water central heating systems using heat pumps
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/70—Hybrid systems, e.g. uninterruptible or back-up power supplies integrating renewable energies
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
- Y02B30/12—Hot water central heating systems using heat pumps
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a solar hot water heat pump system. A heat pump is utilized to combine solar heat supply and return water of a second heat supply network in a centralized heating system. The system comprises a solar heat supply sub-system, a hot water tank, a valve, a water pump, a heat pump, a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor and a control device. The system is used for supplying domestic hot water, heating tap water by utilizing solar energy and further increasing the domestic hot water temperature by utilizing the heat network return water and the heat pump. Due to the solar energy and heat pump combination mode, the heat supply temperature of hot water can be ensured when solar energy fluctuates or insufficient based on solar energy utilization, the temperature of heat network return water can be reduced, the stability of solar heat supply can be ensured, and improvement for the economical efficiency of centralized heat supply can be taken into consideration.
Description
Technical Field
A novel solar hot water heat pump system is used for providing domestic hot water. The system utilizes solar energy to heat tap water, and then utilizes the return water of the heat supply network and the heat pump to further improve the temperature of domestic hot water. The solar energy and heat pump combined mode can ensure the hot water heating temperature when the solar energy fluctuates or is insufficient on the basis of utilizing the solar energy, and simultaneously reduces the return water temperature of a heat supply network. Not only ensures the stability of solar heat supply, but also improves the economical efficiency of centralized heat supply.
Background
In areas with abundant solar energy, domestic solar water heaters have been widely popularized in China to provide hot water. The performance of a domestic solar water heater has volatility and intermittency with the period of solar energy supply. In continuous rainy days or at night, the water storage capacity of the household water heater cannot fully meet the requirement of household hot water. On the other hand, a regional central heating system is generally adopted in towns in northern China. In a centralized heating system, the return water temperature of a secondary heat supply network is generally between 40 and 60 ℃, and the system is very suitable for being combined with a heat pump to improve the temperature of domestic hot water. The solar energy heat supply is combined with the heat pump and the heat supply network backwater, so that the hot water heat supply temperature when the solar energy fluctuates or is insufficient can be ensured on the basis of utilizing the solar energy, and meanwhile, the backwater temperature of the heat supply network is reduced, and the heat supply economical efficiency is improved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a solar hot water heat pump system, which is characterized in that the system can combine solar heat supply with return water of a secondary heat supply network in a central heat supply system by using a heat pump, and the system comprises: the solar water heater comprises a solar heat supply subsystem, a hot water tank, a valve, a water pump, a heat pump, a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor and a control device;
the solar heating subsystem comprises a hot water side and a cold water side, wherein equipment on the hot water side comprises a solar hot water collector, a circulating water pump and a heat exchanger hot water pipeline; the equipment on the cold water side comprises a water pump, a valve and a heat exchanger cold water pipeline;
the system integrates solar heat supply, a heat pump and heat supply network return water together, provides domestic hot water and reduces the temperature of the heat supply network return water; after the treatment of the system, when the local solar energy is insufficient, the temperature of the provided domestic hot water can be stabilized at 50-60 ℃;
hot water of a plurality of solar heating subsystems shares a hot water tank; the capacity of the hot water tank is determined according to the design of the hot water quantity of the solar hot water; the hot water tank is covered by a heat insulation material; the hot water tank is placed near a return water pipe of the heat supply network as much as possible; the pressure in the hot water tank is set to be atmospheric pressure
The solar heat collector receives sunlight radiation on the roof of a building to obtain heat, circulating water in the solar heat collector is heated to increase the temperature and enters the heat exchanger, the circulating water on the hot water side is cooled by domestic water on the cold water side in the heat exchanger, the cooled circulating water is pressurized by the circulating water pump and then enters the solar heat collector again, the circulating water flows in a reciprocating circulating manner, and the solar heat is transferred to the domestic water for supplying water;
the water pump extracts outside domestic water, the domestic water enters the cold water side of the heat exchanger of the solar heating subsystem, the domestic water is heated by high-temperature circulating water in the heat exchanger and then enters the hot water tank, and the water pump is placed at the downstream of the heat exchanger to prevent the pipeline pressure of the heat exchanger from being too high; a switch valve is arranged at the upstream of the heat exchanger, and the valve is closed when the heat exchanger stops working;
the hot water tank is connected with a plurality of water pumping pipelines, domestic water in each water pumping pipeline enters the hot water tank through a water suction pump, a water outlet of the hot water tank is connected with a booster pump, the booster pump is connected with a condenser inlet and a bypass pipe of the hot water tank and a heat pump, an exhaust valve is arranged at the top of the hot water tank, a temperature sensor, a water level sensor and a pressure sensor are arranged in the hot water tank, when the water temperature in the hot water tank reaches a set value, the booster pump pumps hot water in the water tank into the heat pump condenser or the bypass pipe, when the water level in the hot water tank is lower than an early warning water level, the booster pump stops working, when the water level in the hot water tank is higher than the early warning water level, a drain valve is opened;
the heat source of the heat pump is heat supply network backwater, the cold source of the heat pump is domestic water supply provided by the hot water tank, and when solar energy is sufficient, if the temperature of the domestic water in the hot water tank reaches the temperature required by the domestic hot water, the bypass pipe valve is opened to directly provide the domestic hot water; when solar energy is insufficient and the temperature of domestic water in the hot water tank does not reach the temperature required by the domestic hot water, a valve of the heat pump condenser is opened, and the domestic water is introduced into the heat pump condenser to serve as a cold source of the heat pump; the booster pump is utilized to introduce the return water in the heat supply return water pipe into the evaporator of the heat pump to be used as a heat source of the heat pump; the heat pump is used for transferring the return water heat in the heat supply network to the domestic water and heating the domestic water into domestic hot water;
when the solar energy is insufficient, the water temperature in the hot water tank is low; temperature T of domestic water supply1,inIs also lower; the set temperature T of the domestic hot water is to ensure that the domestic hot water is not infected by legionella and the like1,outGenerally at 50-60 ℃;
furthermore, when a plurality of buildings are arranged in the heat supply area, a solar heat collector can be arranged on the roof of each building to respectively form a set of solar heat supply subsystem, and a plurality of sets of solar heat supply subsystems can form a large-scale solar heat supply system.
Further, the heat pump may be of the type commonly used in the industry of heat supply, such as an electric heat pump, a steam-type heat pump, etc.; the energy efficiency index of a heat pump is generally measured according to its cop (coeffient of performance); according to a common definition within the mechanical industry of heat pumps, COP can be expressed as the heat Q gained by domestic hot water1The ratio to the compressor power consumption W;
COP＝Q1/W (1)
if the environmental heat dissipation loss is not considered, the heat Q obtained by the domestic hot water1Is the heat Q extracted from the return water of the heat supply network2The sum of the compressor power consumption W;
Q1＝Q2+W (2)
heat quantity Q obtained from domestic hot water1Is the temperature T of domestic water supply entering the condenser of the heat pump1,inAnd the temperature T of domestic hot water leaving the condenser of the heat pump1,outA function of (a);
wherein,the mass flow of domestic water in a heat pump condenser is kg/s; cpIs the specific heat capacity of water, J/kg; delta T1Is the temperature difference of the water temperature at the inlet and the outlet, DEG C;
heat Q extracted from return water of heat supply network2The temperature T of the return water of the heat supply network entering the evaporator of the heat pump2,inAnd the temperature T leaving the heat pump evaporator2,outA function of (a);
wherein,the mass flow of the return water of the heat supply network in the heat pump evaporator is kg/s; cpIs the specific heat capacity of water, J/kg; delta T1Is the temperature difference of the inlet and outlet water temperatures, DEG C;
the COP value of the heat pump cannot exceed the COP value of the theoretical reverse Carnot cycle; the COP value of the theoretical reverse Carnot cycle is shown as the formula (5); therefore, under the condition of a certain compressor power consumption W, the temperature T is higher2,inOr a lower temperature T1,inThe COP value of the heat pump can be improved;
wherein the COPcIs the COP value of the theoretical reverse Carnot cycle; t is1As the temperature of the heat source；T2Is the temperature of the cold source.
Furthermore, in order to further save energy, the power consumption of the compressor is reduced; the return water of the heat supply network can be used as a cold source of the heat pump to provide sufficient heat; because the temperature of the heat supply return water is higher and is close to the set temperature of the domestic hot water, the COP value of the heat pump is set to be 5.0; the heat pump evaporator uses water as a medium.
Further, a temperature sensor is arranged at the outlet of the solar heat collector; when the water temperature at the outlet of the heat collector is higher than the set temperature, the circulating water quantity of the circulating water pump is increased; when the water temperature at the outlet of the heat collector is lower than the set temperature, the circulating water quantity of the circulating water pump is reduced; a sensor is arranged at the outlet of the cold water side of the heat exchanger; when the temperature of the domestic water at the cold water side outlet is higher than the set temperature, increasing the circulating water quantity of the water pump; when the temperature of the domestic water at the cold water side outlet is lower than the set temperature, the circulating water quantity of the water pump is reduced; when the solar heating subsystem stops working, a valve on the water pumping pipeline is closed; a plurality of sets of water pumping pipelines are connected to the hot water tank; the hot water tank adopts a water level control method; controlling the flow of a water pump according to the water level set by the water tank, and controlling the flow of a booster pump in front of an inlet of a condenser of the heat pump according to the demand of domestic hot water; and controlling the start and stop of the heat pump equipment and the power of the compressor according to the set temperature of the domestic hot water.
Further, when solar collectors are installed on roofs of a plurality of buildings; a plurality of solar heat supply subsystems form a solar heat supply system to form a heat supply subsystem of a solar hot water heat pump system, and the plurality of solar heat supply subsystems share one hot water tank; the multiple sets of solar heating subsystems run in a parallel mode.
Further, arranging a solar heat collector on the roof of a building; the area of the solar heat collector is 500m2。
Furthermore, in the solar heat collector, circulating water with lower temperature enters the heat collector, and after being heated by sunlight radiation, the circulating water with higher temperature leaves the heat collector; a temperature sensor T1 monitors the temperature of the circulating water at the outlet of the heat collector; circulating water enters the hot water side of the heat exchanger after leaving the heat collector; after heat exchange, the temperature of the circulating water is reduced; circulating water enters a circulating water Pump1 to be pressurized after leaving the heat exchanger; the pressurized circulating water flows into a solar heat collector No. 1; at the temperature sensor T1, if the water temperature at the outlet of the heat collector is lower than the set temperature, the circulating water quantity is reduced by adjusting the working frequency of the circulating Pump 1; if the temperature is higher than the set temperature, increasing the circulating water amount; adjusting the circulating water quantity by utilizing a T1 temperature value; in the water pumping pipeline, the temperature of domestic water is low and the domestic water is usually from tap water; during the winter heat supply period in the north of China, the temperature of domestic water is set to be 5 ℃.
Furthermore, when the heat dissipation loss is neglected, according to the law of energy conservation, the heat provided by the solar heat collector for the circulating water is equal to the heat obtained by pumping water; then there is the formula:
wherein,the flow rate of circulating water of the solar heating subsystem is kg/s;the average specific heat capacity of circulating water of a solar heating subsystem is J/kg;the outlet water temperature, DEG C, of the collector which is the circulating water of the solar heating subsystem;the collector inlet water temperature, DEG C, of the circulating water of the solar heating subsystem;for pumping pipeThe flow of domestic water on the road is kg/s;the average specific heat capacity of domestic water in a water pumping pipeline is J/kg;the water temperature at the outlet of the water pumping pipeline is DEG C;the water temperature is the inlet water temperature of the water pumping pipeline; heatsIs the heat from the solar collector.
Furthermore, if the solar heat collector absorbs the solar radiation with the amount of 800W/m2Then the solar energy obtained by the solar heat collector is 400 kW; when the following parameters are taken in the form of,
the circulating water flow of the solar heat collector can be known from the formula (6)Domestic water flow rate of No. 1 water pumping pipelineRespectively, are as follows,
when different domestic water outlet water temperatures are setNamely the temperature value monitored by the sensor T1, different domestic water flow rates can be obtained; when the domestic hot water consumption of the user is small, the water temperature can be increasedTherefore, the temperature of the domestic water can be increased by utilizing the solar energy to the maximum extent.
The beneficial effects of the invention include: the solar energy can be utilized to heat domestic water supply to generate domestic hot water. When the solar energy is insufficient, the heat pump is used as an auxiliary heat source to heat the domestic water supply. And the centralized heat supply backwater is used as a heat pump cold source, so that the power consumption of the heat pump is greatly reduced, and the temperature of the heat supply backwater is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a solar thermal water heat pump system;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a solar heating system composed of a plurality of sets of solar heating subsystems;
FIG. 3 is a structural view of a hot water tank;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of hot water tank control;
FIG. 5 is a booster pump control flow diagram;
FIG. 6 is a heat pump control flow diagram;
Detailed Description
Example 1: a solar hot water heat pump system and a control method thereof. The system can combine solar heat supply with the return water of a secondary heat supply network in a centralized heat supply system by utilizing a heat pump. Characterized in that the system comprises: the system comprises a solar heat collector, a heat exchanger, a hot water tank, a valve, a water pump, a heat pump, a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor and a control device;
the solar heating subsystem includes a hot water side and a cold water side. The equipment on the hot water side comprises a solar hot water collector, a circulating water pump and a heat exchanger hot water pipeline. As shown in fig. 1, the solar collector, the circulating water Pump1 and the heat exchanger hot water pipe constitute the hot water side. The equipment on the cold water side comprises a water pumping pump, a valve and a heat exchanger cold water pipeline. As shown in fig. 1, the Pump2, the Valve1 and the cold water pipeline of the heat exchanger form the cold water side.
When a plurality of buildings are arranged in the heat supply area, a solar heat collector can be arranged on the roof of each building to respectively form a set of solar heat supply subsystem. A large-scale solar heating system can be formed by a plurality of sets of solar heating subsystems. As shown in fig. 2, the solar heating system provided by the present invention is composed of sub-systems from number 1 to number n, and a plurality of sub-systems share 1 hot water tank.
The system integrates solar heat supply, a heat pump and heat supply network return water together, provides domestic hot water and reduces the temperature of the heat supply network return water. After the treatment of the system, when the local solar energy is insufficient, the temperature of the provided domestic hot water can be stabilized at 50-60 ℃.
The hot water of a plurality of solar heating subsystems shares one hot water tank. The capacity of the hot water tank is determined according to the design of the hot water quantity of the solar hot water. The hot water tank is covered by heat insulation materials. The hot water tank is placed near the return pipe of the heat supply network as much as possible. The pressure in the hot water tank is set to be atmospheric pressure
The solar heat collector receives solar radiation on the roof of a building to obtain heat. Circulating water in the solar heat collector is heated and then the temperature of the circulating water is increased, and the circulating water enters the heat exchanger. In the heat exchanger, the hot water side circulating water is cooled by the cold water side domestic water. And the cooled circulating water is pressurized by a circulating water pump and then enters the solar heat collector again. Therefore, the circulating water flows in a reciprocating and circulating manner, and the solar heat is transferred to the domestic water for supplying water.
The water pump extracts outside domestic water. Domestic water enters the cold water side of the heat exchanger of the solar heating subsystem. Domestic water is heated by high-temperature circulating water in the heat exchanger and then enters the hot water tank. The suction pump is placed at the downstream of the heat exchanger to prevent the pipeline pressure of the heat exchanger from being overhigh. A switch valve is arranged at the upstream of the heat exchanger, and the valve is closed when the heat exchanger stops working.
The hot water tank is connected with a plurality of water pumping pipelines, and domestic water in each water pumping pipeline enters the hot water tank through a water pump. The water outlet of the hot water tank is connected with a booster pump. The booster pump is connected with the hot water tank, the condenser inlet of the heat pump and the bypass pipe. The top of the hot water tank is provided with a steam exhaust valve. A temperature sensor, a water level sensor and a pressure sensor are arranged in the hot water tank. When the water temperature in the hot water tank reaches a set value, the booster pump pumps the hot water in the water tank into the heat pump condenser or the bypass pipe. When the water level in the hot water tank is lower than the early warning water level, the booster pump stops working. When the water level in the hot water tank is higher than the early warning water level, the drain valve is opened, and the water level is reduced. And when the pressure in the hot water tank is greater than a set value, opening the exhaust valve.
The heat source of the heat pump is heat supply network backwater. The cold source of the heat pump is domestic water supply provided for the hot water tank. When solar energy is sufficient, if the temperature of the domestic water in the hot water tank reaches the temperature required by the domestic hot water, the bypass pipe valve is opened, and the domestic hot water is directly provided. When solar energy is insufficient, the temperature of domestic water in the hot water tank cannot reach the temperature required by the domestic hot water, and then a valve of the heat pump condenser is opened to introduce the domestic water into the heat pump condenser to serve as a cold source of the heat pump. And the booster pump is utilized to introduce the return water in the heat supply return pipe into the evaporator of the heat pump to be used as a heat source of the heat pump. The heat pump is used for transferring the heat of the return water in the heat supply network to the domestic water and heating the domestic water into domestic hot water. The heat pump may be an electric heat pump, a steam type heat pump, or the like, which is commonly used in the heat supply industry. The energy efficiency index of a heat pump is generally measured in terms of its cop (coeffient of performance). According to the general in the industry of heat pump machineryBy definition, COP can be expressed as the heat Q gained by domestic hot water1To the compressor power consumption W.
COP＝Q1/W (1)
If the environmental heat dissipation loss is not considered, the heat Q obtained by the domestic hot water1Is the heat Q extracted from the return water of the heat supply network2And compressor power consumption W.
Q1＝Q2+W (2)
Heat quantity Q obtained from domestic hot water1Is the temperature T of domestic water supply entering the condenser of the heat pump1,inAnd the temperature T of domestic hot water leaving the condenser of the heat pump1,outAs a function of (c).
Wherein,the mass flow of domestic water in a heat pump condenser is kg/s; cpIs the specific heat capacity of water, J/kg; delta T1Is the temperature difference between the water temperature at the inlet and the water temperature at the outlet.
Heat Q extracted from return water of heat supply network2The temperature T of the return water of the heat supply network entering the evaporator of the heat pump2,inAnd the temperature T leaving the heat pump evaporator2,outAs a function of (c).
Wherein,the mass flow of the return water of the heat supply network in the heat pump evaporator is kg/s; cpIs the specific heat capacity of water, J/kg; delta T1Is the temperature difference of the water temperature at the inlet and the outlet, and is DEG C.
According to the second law of thermodynamics, the COP of a heat pump cannot exceed that of a theoretical reverse carnot cycle. The COP value of the theoretical reverse Carnot cycle is shown in formula (5). Therefore, under the condition of a certain compressor power consumption W, the temperature T is higher2,inOr a lower temperature T1,inThe COP of the heat pump can be improved.
Wherein the COPcIs the COP value of the theoretical reverse Carnot cycle; t is1Is the temperature of the heat source; t is2Is the temperature of the cold source.
When the solar energy is insufficient, the water temperature in the hot water tank is low. Temperature T of domestic water supply1,inAnd is also lower. The set temperature T of the domestic hot water is to ensure that the domestic hot water is not infected by legionella and the like1,outGenerally 50 to 60 ℃. To reach such a set temperature, a large amount of heat pump heating Q is required according to equation (3)1. To further save energy, the power consumption of the compressor is reduced. The return water of the heat supply network can be used as a cold source of the heat pump to provide sufficient heat. In northern China, central heating projects are generally adopted in winter. The return water temperature in the centralized heat supply project is generally higher and is generally higher than 40 ℃. On the other hand, in the central heating project, the return water temperature is expected to be reduced, and the supply and return water temperature difference is expected to be improved. Therefore, when the solar energy is insufficient, the heat supply backwater is adopted as the cold source of the heat pump, which is very suitable. Because the temperature of the heat supply return water is higher and is close to the set temperature of the domestic hot water, the COP value of the heat pump is generally about 5.0. At this time, the heat pump becomes an effective auxiliary heat source for heating the hot domestic water. In addition, the heat pump evaporator adopts water as a medium, and the heat exchange performance is good. The volume of the evaporator can be greatly reduced, and the occupied area of the heat pump is saved.
And a temperature sensor is arranged at the outlet of the solar heat collector. And when the water temperature at the outlet of the heat collector is higher than the set temperature, the circulating water quantity of the circulating water pump is increased. When the water temperature at the outlet of the heat collector is lower than the set temperature, the circulating water quantity of the circulating water pump is reduced. And a sensor is arranged at the outlet of the cold water side of the heat exchanger. And when the temperature of the domestic water at the cold water side outlet is higher than the set temperature, increasing the circulating water quantity of the water pump. And when the temperature of the domestic water at the cold water side outlet is lower than the set temperature, reducing the circulating water quantity of the water pump. And when the solar heating subsystem stops working, closing a valve on the water pumping pipeline. Multiple sets of water pumping pipelines are connected to the hot water tank. The hot water tank adopts a water level control method. The flow of the pumping pump is controlled according to the water level set by the water tank, and the control flow is shown in figure 4. According to the demand of domestic hot water, the flow of the booster pump in front of the inlet of the heat pump condenser is controlled, and the control flow is shown in fig. 5. According to the set temperature of the domestic hot water, the start and stop of the heat pump equipment and the power of the compressor are controlled, and the control flow is shown in fig. 6.
The system can utilize solar energy to heat domestic water supply to produce domestic hot water. When the solar energy is insufficient, the heat pump is used as an auxiliary heat source to heat the domestic water supply. And the centralized heat supply backwater is used as a heat pump cold source, so that the power consumption of the heat pump is greatly reduced, and the temperature of the heat supply backwater is reduced.
Example 2: in the system of this embodiment, only 1 set of solar heating subsystems is installed, as shown in fig. 1. In addition, there is a common hot water tank. In general engineering, multiple roofs of a building may be used to install the solar collector. At the moment, a plurality of sets of solar heating subsystems form a set of solar heating system and share one hot water tank. The multiple sets of solar heating subsystems run in a parallel mode. Therefore, the characteristics of the solar thermal water heat pump system and the control system thereof provided by the invention can be representatively clarified only by analyzing the working condition of one set of solar heating subsystem.
The system arranges a solar heat collector on the roof of a building. The area of the solar heat collector is 500m2。
The solar heat collector, the circulating water Pump1, the heat exchanger, the Valve1 and the water Pump2 form a solar heat supply subsystem. Wherein, the Valve1, the cold water side of the heat exchanger and the water Pump2 form a water pumping pipeline.
The domestic water is preferably local tap water. The temperature of tap water varies with the local air temperature.
In the solar heat collector, circulating water with lower temperature enters the heat collector, and after being heated by sunlight radiation, the circulating water with higher temperature leaves the heat collector. The temperature sensor T1 monitors the temperature of the circulating water at the outlet of the collector. The circulating water leaves the collector and enters the hot water side of the heat exchanger. After heat exchange, the temperature of the circulating water is reduced. The circulating water leaves the heat exchanger and enters a circulating water Pump1 to be pressurized. The pressurized circulating water flows into the solar heat collector No. 1. At the temperature sensor T1, if the temperature of the water at the outlet of the heat collector is lower than a set temperature (preferably 40-60 ℃), the circulating water quantity is reduced by adjusting the working frequency of the circulating Pump 1. If the temperature is higher than the set temperature, the amount of the circulating water is increased. And adjusting the circulating water quantity by utilizing the T1 temperature value. In the water pumping pipeline, the temperature of domestic water is low and the domestic water is usually from tap water. During the winter heat supply period in the north of China, the temperature of domestic water is set to be 5 ℃.
When the heat loss is neglected, the heat provided by the solar heat collector to the circulating water is equal to the heat obtained by pumping according to the law of energy conservation. Then there is the formula:
wherein,the flow rate of circulating water of the solar heating subsystem is kg/s;the average specific heat capacity of circulating water of a solar heating subsystem is J/kg;the outlet water temperature, DEG C, of the collector which is the circulating water of the solar heating subsystem;the collector inlet water temperature, DEG C, of the circulating water of the solar heating subsystem;the flow rate of domestic water in the water pumping pipeline is kg/s;the average specific heat capacity of domestic water in a water pumping pipeline is J/kg;the water temperature at the outlet of the water pumping pipeline is DEG C;the water temperature is the inlet water temperature of the water pumping pipeline; heatsIs the heat from the solar collector, w.
If the solar heat collector absorbs the solar radiation of 800W/m2The solar energy obtained by the solar heat collector is 400 kW. When the following parameters are taken in the form of,
the circulating water flow of the solar heat collector can be known from the formula (6)Domestic water flow rate of No. 1 water pumping pipelineRespectively, are as follows,
when different domestic water outlet water temperatures are setNamely the temperature value monitored by the sensor T1, different domestic water flow rates can be obtained; when the domestic hot water consumption of the user is small, the water temperature can be increasedTherefore, the temperature of the domestic water can be increased by utilizing the solar energy to the maximum extent.
And in the hot water tank, the domestic water heated by solar energy is stored. When in engineering application, the domestic water outlet water temperature of each water pumping pipelinePreferably the same set temperature value. Otherwise, the temperature mixing phenomenon of each path of domestic water in the hot water tank can occur, so that the water temperature at each position in the water tank is not uniform. The uneven water temperature is not beneficial to stably providing domestic hot water. The hot water tank is wrapped by an outer heat insulation layer to isolate hot water from heat dissipation of the external environment. Each water pumping pipeline is connected with the bottom of the hot water tank. The outlet of the water supply pipe of the water tank is installed at a position slightly higher than the bottom. The water supply pipe of the water tank is connected with a booster Pump 3. The booster pump is connected with the hot water tank and the heat pump. The booster pump pumps the hot water in the hot water tank into the heat pump condenser. The shape of the hot water tank can be a cube or a cylinder, etc. The upper part of the water tank is provided with an observation hole. The water tank with large volume is provided with a manhole. A temperature sensor, a water level sensor and a pressure sensor are arranged in the hot water tank. When heating waterWhen the water temperature in the water tank reaches a set value and the water level of the water tank is lower than the early warning water level, the booster Pump3 pumps hot water in the water tank into the heat Pump condenser. When the water level in the hot water tank is lower than the early warning water level (preferably 10% of the full water level in the tank body), the booster Pump3 stops working. When the water level in the hot water tank is higher than the early warning water level, the Valve4 is opened to lower the water level. When the pressure sensor in the hot water tank monitors that the pressure in the tank is greater than a pressure set value, the exhaust valve is opened, and the pressure in the tank is reduced. The pressure set point is preferably 5KPa gauge pressure.
When the temperature of the hot water tank is higher than the set temperature (e.g. 55 ℃) of the domestic hot water, the Valve2 is opened, and the domestic hot water passes through the bypass pipe and directly provides the domestic hot water.
When the temperature of the hot water tank is lower than the set temperature (such as 55 ℃) of the domestic hot water, the Valve3 is opened, and the domestic hot water passes through the heat pump, and the temperature of the domestic hot water is raised to provide the domestic hot water.
The heat pump is based on a water source heat pump for further recovering heat supply backwater. The cold source of the heat pump is neither outside air nor surface water in rivers and lakes. Such heat pumps are only used for integration in applications with central heating networks. The temperature of the return heating water can reach more than 40 ℃, which is much higher than the temperature of the cold winter environment. Therefore, the evaporator adopted by the adopted heat pump has small volume and high heat exchange efficiency. The temperature difference from the cold source (40 ℃) to the heat source (55 ℃) is assumed to be only 15 ℃. The previous experimental research shows that the heating efficiency (COP) of the heat pump adopting the electric compressor can exceed 5.0. The production energy consumption of the domestic hot water is greatly reduced. On the other hand, from the view point of a centralized heating system, the heat pump reduces the return water temperature and improves the efficiency of the heating system. The heat pump provided by the invention is also a good energy-saving measure for a central heating system.
However, the heat pump used can only be used in heating network applications with winter heating seasons. For the non-heating period, the heat pump is not used. The solar heating system of the system can be used for heating domestic water, and then the domestic water bypasses the heat pump through the bypass pipe. Then other auxiliary heating means are adopted to heat the domestic water.
Claims (10)
1. A solar thermal water heat pump system that utilizes a heat pump to combine solar heating with return water from a secondary heat network in a central heating system, the system comprising: the solar water heater comprises a solar heat supply subsystem, a hot water tank, a valve, a water pump, a heat pump, a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor and a control device;
the solar heating subsystem comprises a hot water side and a cold water side, wherein equipment on the hot water side comprises a solar hot water collector, a circulating water pump and a heat exchanger hot water pipeline; the equipment on the cold water side comprises a water pump, a valve and a heat exchanger cold water pipeline;
the system integrates solar heat supply, a heat pump and heat supply network return water, provides domestic hot water and reduces the temperature of the heat supply network return water; after the treatment of the system, when the local solar energy is insufficient, the temperature of the provided domestic hot water can be stabilized at 50-60 ℃;
hot water of a plurality of solar heating subsystems shares a hot water tank; the capacity of the hot water tank is determined according to the design of the hot water quantity of the solar hot water; the hot water tank is covered by a heat insulation material; the hot water tank is placed near a return water pipe of the heat supply network as much as possible; the pressure in the hot water tank is set to be atmospheric pressure
The solar heat collector receives sunlight radiation on the roof of a building to obtain heat, circulating water in the solar heat collector is heated to increase the temperature and enters the heat exchanger, the circulating water on the hot water side is cooled by domestic water on the cold water side in the heat exchanger, the cooled circulating water is pressurized by the circulating water pump and then enters the solar heat collector again, the circulating water flows in a reciprocating circulating manner, and the solar heat is transferred to the domestic water for supplying water;
the water pump extracts outside domestic water, the domestic water enters the cold water side of the heat exchanger of the solar heating subsystem, the domestic water is heated by high-temperature circulating water in the heat exchanger and then enters the hot water tank, and the water pump is placed at the downstream of the heat exchanger to prevent the pipeline pressure of the heat exchanger from being too high; a switch valve is arranged at the upstream of the heat exchanger, and the valve is closed when the heat exchanger stops working;
the hot water tank is connected with a plurality of water pumping pipelines, domestic water in each water pumping pipeline enters the hot water tank through a water suction pump, a water outlet of the hot water tank is connected with a booster pump, the booster pump is connected with a condenser inlet and a bypass pipe of the hot water tank and a heat pump, an exhaust valve is arranged at the top of the hot water tank, a temperature sensor, a water level sensor and a pressure sensor are arranged in the hot water tank, when the water temperature in the hot water tank reaches a set value, the booster pump pumps hot water in the water tank into the heat pump condenser or the bypass pipe, when the water level in the hot water tank is lower than an early warning water level, the booster pump stops working, when the water level in the hot water tank is higher than the early warning water level, a drain valve is opened;
the heat source of the heat pump is heat supply network backwater, the cold source of the heat pump is domestic water supply provided by the hot water tank, and when solar energy is sufficient, if the temperature of the domestic water in the hot water tank reaches the temperature required by the domestic hot water, the bypass pipe valve is opened to directly provide the domestic hot water; when solar energy is insufficient and the temperature of domestic water in the hot water tank does not reach the temperature required by the domestic hot water, a valve of the heat pump condenser is opened, and the domestic water is introduced into the heat pump condenser to serve as a cold source of the heat pump; the booster pump is utilized to introduce the return water in the heat supply return water pipe into the evaporator of the heat pump to be used as a heat source of the heat pump; the heat pump is used for transferring the return water heat in the heat supply network to the domestic water and heating the domestic water into domestic hot water;
when the solar energy is insufficient, the water temperature in the hot water tank is low; temperature T of domestic water supply1,inIs also lower; the set temperature T of the domestic hot water is to ensure that the domestic hot water is not infected by legionella and the like1,outGenerally 50 to 60 ℃.
2. A solar thermal water heat pump system according to claim 1, wherein: when a plurality of buildings are arranged in the heat supply area, a solar heat collector can be arranged on the roof of each building to respectively form a set of solar heat supply subsystem, and a plurality of sets of solar heat supply subsystems can form a large-scale solar heat supply system.
3. A solar thermal water heat pump system according to claim 1, wherein: the heat pump can adopt the types of electric heat pumps, steam type heat pumps and the like which are commonly adopted in the heat supply industry; the energy efficiency index of a heat pump is generally measured in terms of its cop (coefficientof performance); according to a common definition within the mechanical industry of heat pumps, COP can be expressed as the heat Q gained by domestic hot water1The ratio to the compressor power consumption W;
COP＝Q1/W (1)
if the environmental heat dissipation loss is not considered, the heat Q obtained by the domestic hot water1Is the heat Q extracted from the return water of the heat supply network2The sum of the compressor power consumption W;
Q1＝Q2+W (2)
heat quantity Q obtained from domestic hot water1Is the temperature T of domestic water supply entering the condenser of the heat pump1,inAnd the temperature T of domestic hot water leaving the condenser of the heat pump1,outA function of (a);
wherein,the mass flow of domestic water in a heat pump condenser is kg/s; cpIs the specific heat capacity of water, J/kg; delta T1Is the temperature difference of the water temperature at the inlet and the outlet, DEG C;
heat Q extracted from return water of heat supply network2The temperature T of the return water of the heat supply network entering the evaporator of the heat pump2,inAnd the temperature T leaving the heat pump evaporator2,outA function of (a);
wherein,the mass flow of the return water of the heat supply network in the heat pump evaporator is kg/s; cpIs the specific heat capacity of water, J/kg; delta T1Is the temperature difference of the inlet and outlet water temperatures, DEG C;
the COP value of the heat pump cannot exceed the COP value of the theoretical reverse Carnot cycle; the COP value of the theoretical reverse Carnot cycle is shown as the formula (5); therefore, under the condition of a certain compressor power consumption W, the temperature T is higher2,inOr a lower temperature T1,inThe COP value of the heat pump can be improved;
wherein the COPcFor theoretical reverse Carnot cycleA COP value; t is1Is the temperature of the heat source; t is2Is the temperature of the cold source.
4. A solar thermal water heat pump system according to claim 1, wherein: in order to further save energy, the power consumption of the compressor is reduced; the return water of the heat supply network can be used as a cold source of the heat pump to provide sufficient heat; because the temperature of the heat supply return water is higher and is close to the set temperature of the domestic hot water, the COP value of the heat pump is set to be 5.0; the heat pump evaporator uses water as a medium.
5. A solar thermal water heat pump system according to claim 1, wherein: a temperature sensor is arranged at the outlet of the solar heat collector; when the water temperature at the outlet of the heat collector is higher than the set temperature, the circulating water quantity of the circulating water pump is increased; when the water temperature at the outlet of the heat collector is lower than the set temperature, the circulating water quantity of the circulating water pump is reduced; a sensor is arranged at the outlet of the cold water side of the heat exchanger; when the temperature of the domestic water at the cold water side outlet is higher than the set temperature, increasing the circulating water quantity of the water pump; when the temperature of the domestic water at the cold water side outlet is lower than the set temperature, the circulating water quantity of the water pump is reduced; when the solar heating subsystem stops working, a valve on the water pumping pipeline is closed; a plurality of sets of water pumping pipelines are connected to the hot water tank; the hot water tank adopts a water level control method; controlling the flow of a water pump according to the water level set by the water tank, and controlling the flow of a booster pump in front of an inlet of a condenser of the heat pump according to the demand of domestic hot water; and controlling the start and stop of the heat pump equipment and the power of the compressor according to the set temperature of the domestic hot water.
6. A solar thermal water heat pump system according to claim 1, wherein: when solar collectors are installed on roofs of a plurality of buildings; a plurality of solar heat supply subsystems form a solar heat supply system to form a heat supply subsystem of a solar hot water heat pump system, and the plurality of solar heat supply subsystems share one hot water tank; the multiple sets of solar heating subsystems run in a parallel mode.
7. A solar thermal water heat pump system according to claim 1, wherein: arranging a solar heat collector on the roof of a building; the area of the solar heat collector is 500m2。
8. A solar thermal water heat pump system according to claim 1, wherein: in the solar heat collector, circulating water with lower temperature enters the heat collector, and after being heated by sunlight radiation, the circulating water with higher temperature leaves the heat collector; a temperature sensor T1 monitors the temperature of the circulating water at the outlet of the heat collector; circulating water enters the hot water side of the heat exchanger after leaving the heat collector; after heat exchange, the temperature of the circulating water is reduced; circulating water enters a circulating water Pump1 to be pressurized after leaving the heat exchanger; the pressurized circulating water flows into a solar heat collector No. 1; at the temperature sensor T1, if the water temperature at the outlet of the heat collector is lower than the set temperature, the circulating water quantity is reduced by adjusting the working frequency of the circulating Pump 1; if the temperature is higher than the set temperature, increasing the circulating water amount; adjusting the circulating water quantity by utilizing a T1 temperature value; in the water pumping pipeline, the temperature of domestic water is low and the domestic water is usually from tap water; during the winter heat supply period in the north of China, the temperature of domestic water is set to be 5 ℃.
9. A solar thermal water heat pump system according to claim 1, wherein: when the heat dissipation loss is neglected, according to the law of energy conservation, the heat provided by the solar heat collector to the circulating water is equal to the heat obtained by pumping water; then there is the formula:
wherein,the flow rate of circulating water of the solar heating subsystem is kg/s;the average specific heat capacity of circulating water of a solar heating subsystem is J/kg;the outlet water temperature, DEG C, of the collector which is the circulating water of the solar heating subsystem;the collector inlet water temperature, DEG C, of the circulating water of the solar heating subsystem;the flow rate of domestic water in the water pumping pipeline is kg/s;the average specific heat capacity of domestic water in a water pumping pipeline is J/kg;the water temperature at the outlet of the water pumping pipeline is DEG C;the water temperature is the inlet water temperature of the water pumping pipeline; heatsIs the heat from the solar collector.
10. A solar thermal water heat pump system according to claim 9, wherein: if the solar heat collector absorbs the solar radiation of 800W/m2Then the solar energy obtained by the solar heat collector is 400 kW; when the following parameters are taken in the form of,
the circulating water flow of the solar heat collector can be known from the formula (6)Domestic water flow rate of No. 1 water pumping pipelineRespectively, are as follows,
when different domestic water outlet water temperatures are setNamely the temperature value monitored by the sensor T1, different domestic water flow rates can be obtained; when the domestic hot water consumption of the user is small, the water temperature can be increasedTherefore, the temperature of the domestic water can be increased by utilizing the solar energy to the maximum extent.
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