CN106438201A - Qiu mountain wind generating set - Google Patents
Qiu mountain wind generating set Download PDFInfo
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- CN106438201A CN106438201A CN201510482973.8A CN201510482973A CN106438201A CN 106438201 A CN106438201 A CN 106438201A CN 201510482973 A CN201510482973 A CN 201510482973A CN 106438201 A CN106438201 A CN 106438201A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/16—Mechanical energy storage, e.g. flywheels or pressurised fluids
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
- Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin
Abstract
The invention relates to a Qiu mountain wind generating set, and belongs to the field of development of the renewable energy source-wind energy. Existing wind electricity development has adverse conditions of high wind electricity price and wind electricity integration difficulty. Scientific researches show that the adoption of a low efficiency three-blade windmill direct drive electric generator wind electricity generation manner is the technical source of the negative conditions. Through exploration and the scientific researches, an innovative technology is obtained, wherein (1) a Qiu mountain windmill is adopted, and when tested under the same condition, the output power density maximum value of a Qiu mountain windmill experimental model is four to six times that of an existing three-blade windmill experimental model; and (2) a medium (taking air as an example) energy storage wind electricity generation mode is adopted. The two modes are combined to form the Qiu mountain wind generating set running according to the constant efficiency. According to a first system, automatic control is carried out to efficiently convert wind energy into compressed air energy; and according to a second system, automatic control is carried out to stably convert the air energy into qualified synchronization wind electricity. Equipment operation earnings are improved, and the produced wind electricity is expected to be 2.5 times the wind electricity produced by an existing three-blade windmill direct drive electric generator running according to constant power.
Description
(1), technical field：
Regenerative resource wind energy development field.
(2), background technology
Existing wind power generating set, one be almost 100% adopt 3 blade windmills, two be windmill directly drive electromotor wind-producing power mode.Both are to cause wind power price high, and wind-electricity integration is difficult, the technical rootstocks of two negative situation.
Research practice finds, windmill technology current theoretical claims：" the rotor efficiency highests of 3 blades "<1>, " 3 blade wind wheel are generally provided that optimal efficiency "<2>, " three-vane wind generator is industry standard "<3>.It is actual that this theory does not meet windmill technology.Perception judge find, theory analysis show, experimental test verification it was concluded that：Disregard 1,2 blade windmills, only count the windmill of more than 3 blades and 3 blades, the efficiency of 3 blade windmills, be not only not highest, be minimum on the contrary.(see Fig. 1)
The reason produce such abnormal phenomena, thinks (discovery) after analysis：Modernism driving skills art developer, impart rudimentary knowledge to beginners primary laboratory practices without strict necessary windmill technology, understanding is lacked to windmill technology fundamental characteristics, lack standard when using for reference the fan technology first giving its half a century birth, windmill technological guidance's windmill is pretended to be to research and develop thus there occurs that fan technology is fastened one person's story upon another person, the historical phenomenon of 3 blade windmills that have been born.After 3 blade windmills are born, social practice is better than traditional windmill (such as：Dutch 4 blade windmills), thus being accepted by society.Follow-up introduction person, promoter, equally impart rudimentary knowledge to beginners primary laboratory practices without strict necessary windmill technology, lack understanding to windmill technology fundamental characteristics, also just fan technology are fastened one person's story upon another person and pretend to be windmill technology to lack a distinguishing ability.As a result, the theory of 3 blade windmill this deficient science of efficiency highest, is just deceived people more than 30 year, forms the abnormal phenomena that whole world Wind turbines almost 100% adopt 3 blade windmills.Create, for exploring, the Qiu Shan windmill that wind field wind energy utilization can be improved, and overcome the wind power price that Wind Power Generation exists high, wind-electricity integration hardly possible abnormal phenomena, research practice last decade, theory analysis is combined with laboratory practices, alternately, mutually promotes.Windmill experimental model is just being numbered and is being reached 161, adds that paying numbering amounts to 214.Finally research practice is bred first and is defined windmill technology Qiu Shan theory.Thus the higher Qiu Shan windmill of efficiency is born.Announce fan technology and fasten one person's story upon another person and pretend to be the termination of windmill technology: history.Qiu Shan windmill is born, and is that windmill technology recurrence science has erected model.
Existing windmill directly drives electromotor wind-producing power mode, is the pattern of science of owing.Wind energy development, improving efficiency should be the first technical requirements.But, directly drive in electromotor wind-producing power mode in existing 3 blade windmills, the but efficiency to 3 originally not high blade windmills, carry out arrangement of robbing Peter to pay Paul, suppressed intentionally.Qualified wind-powered electricity generation is the technical requirements that 50Hz the networking meeting electrical network, logout will be gentle.Produce 50Hz wind-powered electricity generation it is desirable to generator speed is constant.Windmill directly drives electromotor wind-producing power mode.Also require windmill invariablenes turning speed.Natural wind energy density is change at random.And windmill rotating speed changes with wind energy variable density.The solution that it is taken is：With automatically controlling blade displacement, suppress windmill efficiency, to maintain windmill rotating speed.Outward manifestation is：Wind speed is less than rated wind speed, and power density is one section of oblique line upwards；After wind speed is more than rated wind speed, power density is a horizontal line.Existing windmill directly drives electromotor wind-producing power mode, is output-constant operation pattern.Its efficiency is change, not high,.As the power density figure line III of Fig. 6, efficiency figure line IV.Calculated from table 1 data, in V=0 22m/s domain, the power density of GW77/1500【7】Sum ∑ 4.6717, wind energy concentration【5】Sum its average efficiency of ∑ 41.448.：∑ 4.6717/ ∑ 41.448.=0.1126
Windmill directly drives electromotor wind-producing power mode, to the having of natural wind energy density change at random, no, large and small, the having of the wind-powered electricity generation that caused, no, large and small change it is impossible to meet the technical requirements that electrical network will be gentle to grid-connected, logout, helpless to it.Wind-electricity integration is difficult, naturally-occurring.
(3), content of the invention
For eliminating " wind power price is high, and wind-electricity integration is difficult " two negative situation, put into practice " wind energy development, improving efficiency should be the first technical requirements ", employed technical scheme comprise that：Qiu Shan windmill constitutes Qiu Shan wind power generating set to complete with enabling medium energy storage wind-producing power mode, combination.
Create, for exploring, the Qiu Shan windmill that wind field wind energy utilization can be improved, and overcome the wind power price that Wind Power Generation exists high, wind-electricity integration hardly possible abnormal phenomena, research practice last decade, windmill experimental model is just being numbered and is being reached 161, adds and pays numbering, amounts to 214.Laboratory practices give the enlightenment of preciousness.Finally it has been born Qiu Shan windmill and enabled the Qiu Shan wind power generating set that medium energy storage wind-producing power mode combines.
Qiu Shan wind power generating set.Enable medium energy storage wind-producing power mode, it is to carry out permanent efficiency mode of operation.
First, Qiu Shan windmill
Qiu Shan windmill, is by windmill technology Qiu Shan Design Theory.Windmill technology Qiu Shan is theoretical as follows：
(1), the blade of windmill wind wheel has amphitypy：A, resistance-type blade；B, lift-type blade.
A, resistance-type blade.
Shape of cross section：Non- aerofoil profile, two long sidelines of cross section are similar figures.Mechanism：In distinguished and admirable, leaf baffle is distinguished and admirable, the directed force F to blade for the wind energyBC, component F on wind wheel Plane of rotationBC× sin θ=FDCIt is simply that forming wind wheel rotation, the motive power of output mechanical energy P=M Ω.(referring to Fig. 2).
FBC=FACSin (Φ-θ)=1/2 ρ W2dA Sin(Φ-0).
FDC=FBC× sin θ=1/2 ρ W2dA Sin(Φ-θ)×sinθ.
Output：PN=A1/2 ρ W2【Sin2Φ/2-Ckcos2ΦSinΦ/2】U.
Windmill efficiency：CP=σ (1+ λ2)λ.【Sin2Φ/2-Ckcos2ΦSinΦ/2】
B, lift-type blade.
Shape of cross section：Aerofoil profile, two long sidelines of cross section are non-similar figures.Mechanism：In distinguished and admirable, blade can convert wind energy into the lift dL in vertical velocity direction, and the resistance dD along wind speed direction, and both synthesize aerodynamic force：DR=(dL2+dD2)1/2.Component on wind wheel Plane of rotation for the aerodynamic force dR：DRcos β=dFTIt is simply that forming the motive power that wind wheel rotates output mechanical energy P=M Ω.(referring to Fig. 3).
Cos β=cos (90+ γ-Φ)=cos { 90- (Φ-γ) }=sin (Φ-γ).
DL=CL1/2ρW2DA, dD=CD1/2ρW2dA.DR=(CL 2+CD 2)1/21/2ρW2dA.
dFT=(CL 2+CD 2)1/21/2ρW2DAcos β=(CL 2+CD 2)1/2sin(Φ-γ)1/2ρW2dA.
Output：P=A.1/2 ρ W2【(CL 2+CD 2)1/2sin(Φ-γ)-Ckcos2ΦSin(Φ-αjia ,)】U0
Windmill efficiency：CP=σ (1+ λ2)λ0【(CL 2+CD 2)1/2sin(Φ-γ)-Ckcos2ΦSin(Φ-αjia)】
(2), the common Technique Rule of amphitypy blade windmill
(2.1), windmill output P, is directly proportional to air vane area sum A；(in the domain of solidity σ≤0.75)；
(2.2), windmill efficiency Cp, is directly proportional to windmill solidity σ.(in the domain of solidity σ≤0.75)；
(2.3), windmill output P, windmill efficiency Cp, the centre of form diameter of a circle all being constituted to the area centre of form of blade is directly proportional；
(2,4), the optimum tip-speed ratio λ of windmill wind wheelJIA, it is the function of windmill wind wheel structure parameter and operation conditions.
(2.5), windmill output P, windmill efficiency Cp, optimum tip-speed ratio λJIA, damped coefficient C all with windmill wind wheelkBecome negative correlativing relation.I.e.：CkReduce, P, Cp, λJIAImprove.
(3), the Technique Rule of resistance-type blade windmill
(3.1), the established angle θ of resistance-type blade, during half equal to wind angle Φ, efficiency is higher.I.e. 0=Φ/2,
(3.2), the windmill of two equal same specifications of solidity σ, the performance of the windmill of the number of blade many (blade is narrow), the performance of the windmill of few better than the number of blade (blade width).(referring to Fig. 4)；
(3.3), resistance-type blade windmill wind wheel may be designed to shimmy firm overall structure.Wind wheel blade tip and middle part, setting outer ring and centre circle (optionally can fill several circles).From outer ring, centre circle, to the uniform oblique pull number of wind wheel both sides wheel hub to bracing cable.So that between numerous blades of conventional cantilever beam formula and wheel hub, under the tissue with bracing cable for the circle, blade becomes similar simply supported beam, constitutes overall structure.Its intensity, rigidity, antivibration degree, all make moderate progress.
(3.4), resistance-type blade material and structure
(3.4.1), sheet metal.For fan-shaped two-flap.0=Φ/2.
(3.4.2), thin desert material.Blade rack, covers thin desert.0=Φ/2.
(3.4.3), plastics forming.0=Φ/2.
(3.5),.Enable the windmill that medium energy storage produces wind the Wind turbines of power mode, do not need to blade displacement.Blade is contained on wheel hub with Dingan County.The fixing windmill of blade angle, under different wind speed, its optimum tip-speed ratio is constant.(referring to Fig. 5)
(3.6), sheet metal, the processing of fan-shaped two-flap：Center line is drawn to sector stock.Draw blade root the wide line, by blade root the wide line two-end-point and blade tip midpoint line.Two angular stringcourses of the isosceles 3 that constituted are it is simply that the broken line of two-flap.Windward side, rolls over the wind.Leeward side.Roll over windward.Roll rear blade tip well to be in line.Angle Δ θ between blade root straight line and blade tip straight line, should be equal to blade root established angle θgWith blade tip established angle θjDifference, i.e. θg-θj=Δ θ.
(3.7), the gap between blade should be uniform as far as possible.It is further contemplated that feature that (3.2) are saved (blade many, narrow good).Can be solved with the alternate combination of deviated splitter vane.Linear leaf is attached on wheel hub, and short blade is not joined directly together with wheel hub and connects.But by the described setting outer ring of (3.3) section, several layers of centre circle, to support, are connected with wheel hub indirectly.
(3.8), in order to mitigate weight, select sheet material thin little with proportion；But overall have enough intensity, rigidity again.Uniform several (as 3 or x roots) can be chosen in linear leaf, suitably thicken, or good material.Post, beam action are served as with it.
(3.9), outer ring, the material of centre circle, section configuration, can flexible design.
Design one of can be：From elasticity preferably steel wire.The installation of centre circle：At the point that centre circle passes through on blade center line, bore the hole being suitably larger than firm silk diameter D, centre circle is just through in this some holes.Two outer rings.It is also in the hole be through blade.This two holes on blade are such boring：Away from blade tip appropriately distance (such as：5D) draw the vertical line of center line.Away from equal 2 points of center line on this vertical line, bore the hole being suitably larger than D.(this two pitch-rows blade edge, appropriately distance to be left, such as：5D about).Two outer rings just pass through from this holes.The centre distance of two outer rings can be calculated.With feasible, suitable effective measures, it is fixed.This is to realize, stablize blade tip established angle θjMeasure.
(3.10), theoretical by windmill technology Qiu Shan, the Qiu Shan windmill experimental model of design and manufacture, and existing 3 blade windmill experimental models, experimental results are：Windmill external diameter is identical, in identical wind field, with identical test equipment and method, the ratio of both power density maximums：Power density maximum=the H=4 6 of the power density maximum of Qiu Shan windmill experimental model/existing 3 blade windmill experimental models.(see Fig. 1, Fig. 4)
(4), the Technique Rule (omiting) of lift-type blade windmill
Second, enables medium energy storage wind-producing power mode
(1), medium
Medium, being capable of energy storage the convenient material recycling.As：Water, oil, gas, ----etc., can be selected according to actual conditions.
As：Install and have a water source at Wind turbines, but nearby have eminence can put tank so that it may select water as medium.When having wind, windmill rises water extraction in injection tank.Then wind-powered electricity generation is produced by water wheels machine driving generator.
---------------.
Herein taking make medium from air as a example, narration enables medium energy storage and produces wind the structure of power mode, function, effect.
During from other medium, its structure need to accordingly adjust naturally.Function, effect, essentially identical.
(2), enable the structure that air makees medium energy storage wind-producing electricity
It is made up of three parts：
(1), wind energy high efficiency as far as possible is converted into compressed air energy system one.
(2), stably produce grid-connected qualified wind power system two.
(3).Support, the contact each portion of unit completes mission system three..
Front two-part component links are as follows：
System one：The automatic control system of wind energy windmill (containing mounting seat and yaw) machine power Transmission system air compressor compressed air system one..
System two：Compressed air compressed air is deposited, stores up, putting the automatic control system that device stably produces wind the grid-connected qualified wind power system two of electric equipment.
Consider：(1), Wind turbines constitution equipment is not contained in pylon top as far as possible, and moves dress on the ground.This can mitigate multi-party burden.As：Volume, weight, profile, install, maintenance, maintenance --- --- etc..(2) cover system one when, having ready conditions more, share same set of system two.
Three systems then enabling air energy storage wind-producing power mode composition substantially just become：
System one：Wind energy spacing blade windmill (containing mounting seat and yaw) machine power Transmission systemThe Multi-shaft output gearbox that bevel gear box (trunnion axis is changed into vertical axises) vertical drive shaft and Hooks coupling universal coupling bevel gear box (vertical axises are changed into trunnion axis) can automatically controlThe automatic control system compressed air of many specifications air compressor system one.
System two：Compressed airBranch pipe fitting after branch pipe fitting main switch compressed air reservoir main switch before multiple specification difference check valve multiple specification difference switch-dividings——The multiple specification difference switch-dividing multiple specification difference pressurization by compressed air valve multiple specification difference air motor multiple stage specification difference electromotors that can automatically controlThe grid-connected qualified wind-powered electricity generation of automatic control system of system two.,,
System three：The pylon of windmill, the support of machine group parts, installation are installed.
In view of control tower top " free from worry ", provide conveniently to refilling a wind wheel.Laboratory test represents, and the wind wheel in leeward still can produce considerable skill tool energy.Two wind wheel coaxial line reversions, two axles fill identical bevel gear, drive same driven wheel of differential respectively after the past.Afterwards between the bevel gear on rotor shaft and axle, fill a flywheel, in order to coordinate the rotating speed deviation of axle.When rotating speed is slow afterwards, rear bevel gear idle running.Whether feasible, practice test.
(3), enable function and the effect that medium energy storage produces wind power mode
Post a sentry by duty, Each performs its own functions, exert one's advantage, avoid short slab, share out the work and help one another, high and stable yields, qualified wind-powered electricity generation, promote the well-being of mankind.
Enable medium energy storage wind-producing power mode, function：
One function of can giving full play to windmill, high efficiency converts wind energy into mechanical energy, immediately (by air compressor, --- ----etc.) be converted to medium energy storage.
Two can be in energy storage link, the change at random of wind energy concentration, and the harmful effect to wind-powered electricity generation is resolved.
Medium energy storage independent can be converted into qualified wind-powered electricity generation by three.
Four can achieve that unit perseverance efficiency is run, and are that the maximization of harvest equipment on-road efficiency creates condition.
Enable medium energy storage wind-producing power mode, effect：
That it is put into practice is power density figure line II as shown in Figure 6 and efficiency figure line V.(referring to table 1), the wind energy to V=0 22m/s, if two pattern all uniformly conversion wind-powered electricity generation one times in proper order.Each get power density sum, list calculates and learns：
Enable medium energy storage wind-producing power mode, by efficiency Cp=0.4 meter, power density sum is ∑ 16.57904 (kw/m2),
Windmill directly drives electromotor wind-producing power mode, and with GW77/1500 unit as representative, power density sum is ∑ 4.6717 (kw/m2),
Two model comparision：∑ 16.57904/ ∑ 4.6717=3.5488 (again)
That is, enable medium energy storage wind-producing power mode unit 1, be worth windmill and directly drive electromotor wind-producing power mode unit 3.55.
Enable medium energy storage wind-producing power mode, by efficiency Cp=0.5 meter, power density sum is ∑ 20.724175 (kw/m2),
Windmill directly drives electromotor wind-producing power mode, and with GW77/1500 unit as representative, power density sum is ∑ 4.6717 (kw/m2),
Two model comparision：∑ 20.724175/ ∑ 4.6717=4.4361 (again)
That is, enable medium energy storage wind-producing power mode unit 1, be worth windmill and directly drive electromotor wind-producing power mode unit 3.55.
Take its meansigma methods：(3.5488+4.4361)/2=7.9849/2=3.99245=4
That is, enable medium energy storage wind-producing power mode unit 1, be worth windmill and directly drive electromotor wind-producing power mode unit 4
(4), enable medium energy storage wind-producing power mode and there are two shortcomings
One is：Enable medium energy storage wind-producing power mode, how energy conversion twice.
Enable medium energy storage wind-producing power mode, have 4 energy conversions：
1st time, wind energyMechanical energy, is completed by windmill；
2nd time, mechanical energyCompressed air energy, is completed by air compressor；
3rd time, compressed air energyMechanical energy, is completed by air motor；
The 4th, mechanical energyElectric energy, is completed by electromotor.
Windmill directly drives electromotor wind-producing power mode, only the 1st time and this energy conversion twice of the 4th：
Energy conversion efficiency is less than 1.Many energy conversions twice.With regard to many energy losses twice.
Another is：Enable medium energy storage wind-producing power mode, directly drive electromotor wind-producing power mode than windmill, structure composition is complicated.Many from " air compressor, ----arrive air motor " this string devices, be as good as increasing construction cost.
But, when condition possesses, " N set system one, shared same set of system two are enabled." when, " this string devices is as good as increasing construction cost." be evenly distributed on each typhoon car, just become 1/N.
Two shortcomings bring 3 incomes
(1), 50Hz wind-powered electricity generation, must not force down windmill efficiency and can stablize output.
(2), wind-electricity integration hardly possible is thoroughly excluded.
(3), disregard the energy loss during energy conversion having more and the construction cost increasing, enable medium energy storage wind-producing group of motors, run by permanent efficiency, directly drive electromotor wind-producing group of motors than windmill, by output-constant operation.Theoretical budgetary estimate, many k=3 times of wind-powered electricity generation yield.
If merits offset faults, how see result？Just with (3rd) item income, as the target that merits offset faults.This 3 times of income increasing, by " construction cost is high." and " how energy loss twice." suppose to counteract 1.5 times.(estimate, 1.5 times of " income " counteractings " loss ", may be much of that.) then：Enable medium energy storage wind-producing power mode, directly drive electromotor wind-producing power mode than windmill, its net profit is：
(1), wind-powered electricity generation yield is K=2.5 times；
(2), stable yields 50Hz wind-powered electricity generation；,
(3), grid-connected no longer difficult.
Third, Qiu Shan wind power generating set.
Qiu Shan wind power generating set, is by Qiu Shan windmill and to enable medium energy storage wind-producing power mode, both combine.Both pluses and minuses also just become the pluses and minuses of Qiu Shan wind power generating set.
It should be noted that：Qiu Shan wind power generating set, due to being Qiu Shan windmill replacement 3 blade windmills and the combination enabling medium energy storage wind-producing power mode, directly drives electromotor wind-producing power mode than existing 3 blade windmills, if rotor diameter is identical, wind-powered electricity generation yield is expected to more than K=2.5 times.
I.e., in this case, a Qiu Shan wind power generating set, is expected to directly drive, more than 2.5 3 blade windmills, the benefit that electromotor produces wind group of motors.
(4), brief description
Fig. 1,5 resistance-type blade windmill experimental model power density performances Cp' λ figure line
Fig. 2, resistance-type blade infinitesimal force analysis figure
Fig. 3 lift-type blade infinitesimal force analysis figure
Fig. 4,8 resistance-type blade windmill experimental model power density performances Cp' λ figure line
Fig. 5, spacing resistance-type blade 133# windmill experimental model, power density performance C recording in wind speed difference wind fieldp' λ figure line
Fig. 6, the figure line of table 1 data
Fig. 7：Table 1, wind energy concentration, power density, efficiency, the computational chart waiting
(5), specific embodiment
Set up R＆D team.By to " implement innovation and the drive development strategy " science decision implementing party, fulfill " Chinese dream ", there is domestic industry elite that is clear and definite, strengthening one's conviction, group builds up " Qiu Shan wind power generating set R＆D team ", and is furnished with the entity putting into practice developmental achievement.She is responsible for：
1, promote wind-power electricity generation equipment recurrence science
2, create worldwide marketplace Wind Power Generation and equip big industry.As Chinese high ferro, move towards generation sample.China's wind-powered electricity generation is allowed to equip the situation that import situation is changed into technology, equipment exports in pairs.
3, there is 5,000 years of civilization history, modern age be born again " On Practice " the Chinese nation of greatness loyal sons and daughters, ought to be diligent in practice in, find, invent, create, to human development, progress, constantly have new offering.
It is embodied as, just shallow idea：
1, examine the science of the present invention, practicalness, feasibility.
2, formulate enterprise's article
3, establishment research and development outline.
Its 1st task be：The primary laboratory practices of windmill technology initiation of recast " Qiu Shan windmill " birth institute foundation.To verify its science being born, thoroughly exclusion fan technology is fastened one person's story upon another person and pretends to be windmill technology that people are deceived.Thus set up the technical foundation of windmill technical research for R＆D team.
Its 2nd task be：The experiment of tissue necessary " enable medium energy storage and produce wind power mode ", run for realizing unit perseverance efficiency. replace output-constant operation, lifting Wind Power Generation efficiency and quality, solve " wind power price is high and wind-electricity integration is difficult " negative situation, the science of this measure, practicality, feasibility.
This two experiments are the technical foundation of career development.
Declare the law step that international monopoly is career development.When carry out, determined by R＆D team.
Wish the present age compatriot deserving to be called the outstanding descendants of the Chinese nation, Wind Power Generation technology epoch-making innovation cause, success early.
(2015-7-29)
List of references：
<1>, Zuo Ran, Shi Mingheng, Wang Xilin chief editor, regenerative resource outline, (M), and Beijing, China Machine Press, 2008, page 286.
<2>, Jingyuan chief editor, wind energy turbine set Technical Manual-Engineering, (M) Beijing Machinery Industry publishing house, in July, 2005, page 83.
<3>, (beautiful) Dan Chiras, Mick Sagrillo, Lan Woofenden work, Meng Mingyi, the energy Small Wind-electric Systems practical guide of wind, (M), and China Machine Press, in March, 2012, the 1st edition, the 1st printing, the 126th.
Claims (3)
1. the present invention：Qiu Shan wind power generating set.
Basic composition with existing wind power generating set：(wind energy) 3 blade windmill gear-box electromotor (wind-powered electricity generation), that is, windmill directly drive electromotor wind-producing power mode compare, something in common is：There is the windmill that wind energy is converted to mechanical energy, and the electromotor converting mechanical energy into wind-powered electricity generation.Differing part has three：That is,
One of its feature is：With the higher Qiu Shan windmill of efficiency, instead of 3 blade windmills of poor efficiency.
Existing wind power generating set, almost 100% uses, and on wheel hub, radiation, cantilever are installed with 3 blade windmills of 3 lift-type blades.There is the statement of " the rotor efficiency highests of 3 blades ", " 3 blade wind wheel are generally provided that optimal efficiency " " three-vane wind generator is industry standard " etc. in theory.But perception judge find, theory analysis show, experimental test verification it was concluded that：Disregard 1,2 blade wind wheel, only count the windmill wind wheel of more than 3 blades and 3 blades, the efficiency of 3 blade wind wheel, be not only not highest, be minimum on the contrary.The reason (referring to Fig. 1) produces such abnormal phenomena, thinks (discovery) after analysis：Modernism driving skills art developer, impart rudimentary knowledge to beginners primary laboratory practices without strict necessary windmill technology, understanding is lacked to windmill technology fundamental characteristics, lack standard when using for reference the fan technology first giving its half a century birth, windmill technological guidance's windmill is pretended to be to research and develop thus there occurs that fan technology is fastened one person's story upon another person, the historical phenomenon of 3 blade windmills that have been born.After 3 blade windmills are born, social practice is better than traditional windmill (such as：Dutch 4 blade windmills), thus being accepted by society.Follow-up introduction person, promoter, equally impart rudimentary knowledge to beginners primary laboratory practices without strict necessary windmill technology, lack understanding to windmill technology fundamental characteristics, also just fan technology are fastened one person's story upon another person and pretend to be windmill technology to lack a distinguishing ability.As a result, the theory of 3 blade windmill this deficient science of efficiency highest, is just deceived people more than 30 year, forms the abnormal phenomena that whole world Wind turbines almost 100% adopt 3 blade windmills.Create, for exploring, the Qiu Shan windmill that wind field wind energy utilization can be improved, and overcome the wind power price that Wind Power Generation exists high, wind-electricity integration hardly possible abnormal phenomena, research practice last decade, theory analysis is combined with laboratory practices, alternately, mutually promotes.Windmill experimental model is just being numbered and is being reached 161, adds that paying numbering amounts to 214.Finally research practice is bred first and is defined windmill technology Qiu Shan theory.Thus the higher Qiu Shan windmill of efficiency is born.Announce fan technology and fasten one person's story upon another person and pretend to be the termination of windmill technology: history.Qiu Shan windmill is born, and is that windmill technology recurrence science has erected model.
The two of its feature are：Enable medium energy storage wind-producing power mode, the windmill that instead of the suppression windmill efficiency implementing output-constant operation directly drives electromotor wind-producing power mode
Existing wind power generating set, the mechanical energy of windmill output, directly drive electromotor wind-producing electricity directly or by speed-changing gear box.Enable medium energy storage wind-producing power mode, the mechanical energy of windmill output, the medium being first transferred to energy energy storage stores (such as：It is converted into compressed air by air compressor can be stored in storage tank).Then medium energy storage is converted into mechanical energy (such as：Mechanical energy is converted into by air motor) drive electromotor wind-producing electricity.
Windmill directly drives electromotor wind-producing electricity, by output-constant operation.Enable medium energy storage wind-producing electricity, run by permanent efficiency.
The three of its feature are：Qiu Shan windmill, combines with enabling medium energy storage wind-producing power mode, constitutes Qiu Shan wind power generating set.Both pluses and minuses also just become the pluses and minuses of Qiu Shan wind power generating set.
It should be noted that：Qiu Shan wind power generating set, due to being Qiu Shan windmill replacement 3 blade windmills and the combination enabling medium energy storage wind-producing power mode, practice is that permanent efficiency is run.Directly drive electromotor wind-producing power mode than by existing 3 blade windmills, by output-constant operation, wind-powered electricity generation yield is expected to more than K=2.5 times.
I.e.：One Qiu Shan wind power generating set, is expected to directly drive, more than 2.5 3 blade windmills, the benefit that electromotor produces wind group of motors.
2. the Qiu Shan windmill described in claim 1, is characterized in that：
A, blade has amphitypy：Resistance-type blade and lift-type blade.
Resistance-type blade：Transversal and shape：Non- aerofoil profile, two long sidelines of cross section are similar figures.Mechanism：In distinguished and admirable, leaf baffle is distinguished and admirable, the directed force F to blade for the wind energyBC, component F on wind wheel Plane of rotationBC× sin θ=FDCIt is simply that forming the motive power that wind wheel rotates output mechanical energy P=M Ω.(referring to Fig. 2).
Output：PN=A1/2 ρ W2【Sin2Ф/2Ckcos2ΦSinΦ/2】Uo
Windmill efficiency：CP=σ (1+ λ2)λo【Sin2Ф/2-Ckcos2ФSinΦ/2】
Lift-type blade：Shape of cross section：Aerofoil profile, two long sidelines of cross section are non-similar figures.Mechanism：In distinguished and admirable, blade can convert wind energy into the lift dL in vertical velocity direction, and the resistance dD along wind speed direction, and both synthesize aerodynamic force：DR=(dL2+dD2)
1/2.Component on wind wheel Plane of rotation for the aerodynamic force dR：DRcos β=dFTIt is simply that forming the motive power that wind wheel rotates output mechanical energy P=M Ω.(referring to Fig. 3).
Output：P=A1/2 ρ W2【(CL 2+CD 2)1/2sin(Φ-γ)-Ckcos2ΦSin(Φ-αjia ,)】U0
Windmill efficiency：CP=σ (1+ λ2)λ0【(CL 2+CD 2)1/2sin(Φ-γ)-Ckcos2ΦSin(Φ-αjia)】
B, the common Technique Rule of amphitypy blade windmill：
Windmill output P, is directly proportional to air vane area sum A；(in the domain of solidity σ≤0.75)；
Windmill efficiency Cp, is directly proportional to windmill solidity σ.(in the domain of solidity σ≤0.75)；
Windmill output P, windmill efficiency Cp, the centre of form diameter of a circle all being constituted to the area centre of form of blade is directly proportional；
The optimum tip-speed ratio λ of windmill wind wheelJIA, it is the function of windmill wind wheel structure parameter and operation conditions.
Windmill output P, windmill efficiency Cp, optimum tip-speed ratio λJIA, damped coefficient C all with windmill wind wheelkBecome negative correlativing relation.I.e.：CkReduce, P, Cp, λJIAImprove.
C, the Technique Rule of resistance-type blade windmill：
The established angle θ of resistance-type blade, during half equal to wind angle Φ, efficiency is higher.I.e. θ=Φ/2.
The windmill wind wheel of two equal same specifications of solidity σ, the performance of (blade the is narrow) windmill more than the number of blade, the performance of (blade wide) windmill few better than the number of blade.(referring to Fig. 4)；
The fixing windmill of blade angle, under different wind speed, its optimum tip-speed ratio is constant.(referring to Fig. 5)
The windmill of Qiu Shan wind power generating set, (with the matched windmill of Wind turbines enabling medium energy storage wind-producing power mode), do not need to blade displacement.Blade is fixedly mounted on wheel hub.
Resistance-type blade windmill wind wheel should be designed to shimmy firm overall structure.Wind wheel blade tip and middle part, setting outer ring and centre circle (optionally can install several circles additional).From outer ring, centre circle, to the uniform oblique pull number of wind wheel both sides wheel hub to bracing cable.So that between numerous blades of conventional cantilever beam formula and wheel hub, under the tissue with bracing cable for the circle, blade becomes similar simply supported beam, constitutes overall structure.Its intensity, rigidity, antivibration degree, all make moderate progress.
Outer ring, the material of centre circle, section configuration, connection etc., according to practical situation, flexible design.
For example：Enclosed from elasticity preferably steel wire.Install in the pre-drilled hole of blade, the lap joint of good circle.Boring on blade：The hole of centre circle, at the point that centre circle passes through on blade center line, bores the hole being suitably larger than steel wire diameter D.Two outer rings.This two outer rings on blade are such boring by hole：Away from blade tip appropriately distance (such as：5D) draw the vertical line of center line.Away from equal 2 points of center line on this vertical line, bore the hole being suitably larger than D.(this two pitch-rows blade edge, appropriately distance to be left, such as：5D about).(have angle between because of the axis in firm silk axis and hole, tiltedly wear steel wire, so boring should be suitably larger than firm silk diameter D).By blade tip established angle θj, and the distance in two holes of blade tip, the center line distance of two outer rings can be calculated.With feasible, suitable effective measures, it is fixed.This is to realize, stablize blade tip established angle θjMeasure.
Resistance-type blade material and structure：Sheet metal, fan-shaped two-flap, θ=Φ/2.Thin desert material, blade rack, covers thin desert, θ=Φ/2.Plastics forming, θ=Φ/2.
Sheet metal.The processing of fan-shaped two-flap：Center line is drawn to sector stock.Draw blade root the wide line, by blade root the wide line two-end-point and blade tip midpoint line.Two angular stringcourses of the isosceles 3 that constituted are it is simply that the broken line of two-flap.Windward side, rolls over the wind.Leeward side.Roll over windward.Roll rear blade tip well to be in line.Angle Δ θ between blade root straight line and blade tip straight line, should be equal to blade root established angle θgWith blade tip established angle θjDifference, i.e. θg-θj=Δ θ.
Gap between blade should be uniform as far as possible.In view of diameter, two windmills of solidity identical, the intensity of the good feature of the performance that blade is many, blade is narrow, and blade, rigidity, installation on wheel hub etc..Can be solved using the alternate combination of long and short blade.Linear leaf is attached on wheel hub, and short blade is not joined directly together with wheel hub and connects.But using set outer ring, several layers of centre circle, to support, are connected with wheel hub indirectly.
In order to mitigate weight, select sheet material thin little with proportion；But overall have enough intensity, rigidity again.Several (as 3 or x roots) uniform blade can be chosen in linear leaf, to its suitable thickening, or good material.The effect of " post, beam " is served as with it.
Theoretical, the Qiu Shan windmill experimental model of design and manufacture by windmill technology Qiu Shan, and existing 3 blade windmill experimental models, experimental results are：Windmill external diameter is identical, in identical wind field, with identical test equipment and method, the ratio of both power density maximums：Power density maximum=the H=4 6 of the power density maximum of Qiu Shan windmill experimental model/existing 3 blade windmill experimental models.(see Fig. 1, Fig. 4)
D, the Technique Rule (omiting) of lift-type blade windmill.
3. the medium energy storage that enables described in claim 1 produces wind power mode, it is characterized in that：
A, medium.
Being capable of energy storage the convenient material recycling.As：Water, oil, gas, ----etc., can be selected according to actual conditions.
As：Install and have a water source at Wind turbines, but nearby have eminence can put tank so that it may select water as medium.There is windmill during wind that water extraction is risen energy storage in injection eminence tank.When needing electric energy, by water wheels machine driving generator produce wind-powered electricity generation.
B, enables the structure that air dielectric energy storage produces wind group of motors
(during from other medium, its structure need to accordingly adjust naturally.Function, effect, essentially identical.)
It is made up of three parts：
(1), wind energy high efficiency as far as possible is converted into compressed air energy system one.
(2), stably produce grid-connected qualified wind power system two.
(3).Support, the coordination each portion of unit completes mission system three.
Consider：(1), Wind turbines constitution equipment is not contained in pylon top as far as possible, and moves dress on the ground.This can mitigate multi-party burden.As：Volume, weight, profile, install, maintenance, maintenance --- --- etc..(2) cover system one when, having ready conditions more, share same set of system two.
Three systems then enabling air energy storage wind-producing power mode composition substantially just become：
System one：The automatic control system compressed air of wind energy spacing blade windmill (containing mounting seat and yaw) machine power Transmission system " Multi-shaft output gearbox that bevel gear box (trunnion axis is changed into vertical axises) vertical drive shaft and Hooks coupling universal coupling bevel gear box (vertical axises are changed into trunnion axis) can automatically control " many specifications air compressor system one.
System two：The grid-connected qualified wind-powered electricity generation of automatic control system of compressed air " branch pipe fitting after branch pipe fitting main switch compressed air reservoir main switch before multiple specification difference check valve multiple specification difference switch-dividings " " the multiple specification difference switch-dividing multiple specification difference pressurization by compressed air valve multiple specification difference air motor multiple stage specification difference electromotors that can automatically control " system two.",
System three：The pylon of windmill, the support of machine group parts, installation are installed.
So, whole Wind turbines, only windmill (include mounting seat and yaw), bevel gear box (trunnion axis is changed into vertical axises), vertical drive shaft and Hooks coupling universal coupling, and this 3 parts are arranged on the pylon of the high windmill in more than ground.Remaining is respectively mounted on the ground or subsurface.
In view of control tower top " free from worry ", provide conveniently for alee refilling a wind wheel.Laboratory is tested, and the wind wheel in leeward remains to export considerable mechanical energy.Two wind wheel coaxial line reversions, two axles fill identical bevel gear, drive same driven wheel of differential respectively after the past.Afterwards between the bevel gear on rotor shaft and axle, fill a flywheel, in order to coordinate the rotating speed deviation of axle.When rotating speed is slow afterwards, rear bevel gear idle running.Thus, double wind wheel windmill can be become.
C, enables function and the effect that medium energy storage produces wind power mode
Post a sentry by duty, Each performs its own functions, exert one's advantage, avoid short slab, share out the work and help one another, high and stable yields, qualified wind-powered electricity generation, promote the well-being of mankind.
Enable medium energy storage wind-producing power mode,.
One function of can giving full play to windmill, wind energy amount is converted into mechanical energy by high efficiency, immediately (by air compressor, --- ----etc.) be converted to medium energy storage.
Two can be in energy storage link, the change at random of wind energy concentration, and the harmful effect to wind-powered electricity generation is resolved.
Medium energy storage independent can be converted into qualified wind-powered electricity generation by three.
Four can achieve that perseverance efficiency is run, and are that the maximization of harvest equipment on-road efficiency creates condition.
(such as：Power density figure line II shown in Fig. 6 and efficiency figure line V), replace output-constant operation.Harvest equipment on-road efficiency maximizes.
Two model comparision, it will be seen that：Wind energy to V=0 22m/s, if two pattern all uniformly conversion wind-powered electricity generation one times in proper order.Each get power density sum, list calculates and learns：(being shown in Table 1)
Enable medium energy storage wind-producing power mode, by efficiency Cp=0.4 meter, power density sum is ∑ 16.57904 (kw/m2),
Windmill directly drives electromotor wind-producing power mode, and with GW77/1500 unit as representative, power density sum is ∑ 4.6717 (kw/m2),
Two model comparision：∑ 16.57904/ ∑ 4.6717=3.5488 (again)
That is, enable medium energy storage wind-producing power mode unit 1, be worth windmill and directly drive electromotor wind-producing power mode unit 3.5.
Enable medium energy storage wind-producing power mode, by efficiency Cp=0.5 meter, power density sum is ∑ 20.724175 (kw/m2),
Windmill directly drives electromotor wind-producing power mode, and with GW77/1500 unit as representative, power density sum is ∑ 4.6717 (kw/m2),
Two model comparision：∑ 20.724175/ ∑ 4.6717=4.4361 (again)
Take its meansigma methods：(3.5488+4.4361)/2=7.9849/1=3.99245=4
That is, enable medium energy storage wind-producing power mode unit 1, be worth windmill and directly drive electromotor wind-producing power mode unit 4.
D, enables medium energy storage wind-producing power mode and there are two shortcomings
One is：Enable medium energy storage wind-producing power mode, how loss in efficiency twice.
Both of which can be seen that：
Enable medium energy storage wind-producing power mode, have 4 energy conversions：
1st time, wind energyMechanical energy, is completed by windmill；
2nd time, mechanical energyCompressed air energy, is completed by air compressor；
3rd time, compressed air energyMechanical energy, is completed by air motor；
The 4th, mechanical energyElectric energy, is completed by electromotor.
Windmill directly drives electromotor wind-producing power mode, only the 1st time and this energy conversion twice of the 4th：
Energy conversion efficiency is less than 1.Many energy conversions twice, just many energy losses twice.
Another is：Enable medium energy storage wind-producing power mode, directly drive electromotor wind-producing power mode than windmill, structure composition is complicated.Many from " air compressor, ----arrive air motor ".Have more this string devices, be as good as increasing construction cost.
But, when condition possesses, " N set system one, shared same set of system two are enabled." when, " this string devices is as good as increasing construction cost." be evenly distributed on each typhoon car, just become 1/N.
Two shortcomings bring 3 incomes
(1), 50Hz wind-powered electricity generation, must not force down windmill efficiency and can stablize output.
(2), wind-electricity integration hardly possible is thoroughly excluded.
(3), two having more are disregarded：Energy conversion efficiency loss and construction cost increase, and enable medium energy storage wind-producing group of motors, directly drive electromotor wind-producing group of motors, theoretical budgetary estimate, many 3 times of wind-powered electricity generation yield than windmill.
If merits offset faults, how see result？
Just with (3rd) item income, as the target that merits offset faults.This 3 times of incomes, by " construction cost is high." and " how loss in efficiency twice." suppose to counteract 1.5 times.(estimate, 1.5 times of " income " counteractings " loss ", may be much of that.)
Enable medium energy storage wind-producing power mode, directly drive electromotor wind-producing power mode than windmill, its income is：
(1), stable yields 50Hz wind-powered electricity generation；
(2), grid-connected no longer difficult.
(3), wind-powered electricity generation yield is K=2.5 times.
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