CN106437170B - Installation method of annular crossed cable system supporting dome structure - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
技术领域：Technical field:
本发明涉及一种环形交叉索系支撑穹顶结构的安装方法，属于空间索桁架结构领域。The invention relates to an installation method for a circular cross cable system supporting a dome structure, belonging to the field of space cable truss structures.
背景技术：Background technique:
随着社会的不断发展，人们对公共活动空间如大型的展览馆、体育场馆等的需求与日俱增。这一现象也促使了大跨度空间结构形式的不断创新。不仅是在安全、经济方面的创新，更重要的是在造型与施工方面的创新，满足人们不断更新的审美需求，同时方便施工人员进行施工操作。近年来，大跨度弦支穹顶结构、索穹顶结构和索桁架结构在国内外的体育场馆建设中应用较多。With the continuous development of society, people's demand for public event spaces such as large exhibition halls and sports venues is increasing day by day. This phenomenon has also prompted continuous innovation in the form of long-span spatial structures. Not only innovations in terms of safety and economy, but more importantly, innovations in shape and construction, to meet people's constantly updated aesthetic needs, and at the same time facilitate construction personnel to carry out construction operations. In recent years, large-span suspension dome structures, cable dome structures and cable truss structures have been widely used in the construction of sports venues at home and abroad.
弦支穹顶结构受力合理，结构效能较高，传力路径清晰，充分利用了高强度拉索的受力性能，保证结构刚度的同时降低了用钢量，使结构变得轻盈、富于表现力。索穹顶和索桁架结构都是典型的索结构，因跨越空间能力强、用钢量低等因素，也在体育场馆等公共建筑中应用广泛。Suspension dome structure has reasonable stress, high structural efficiency, clear force transmission path, fully utilizes the mechanical performance of high-strength cables, ensures structural rigidity and reduces steel consumption, making the structure light and expressive force. Cable domes and cable truss structures are typical cable structures, and they are also widely used in public buildings such as stadiums due to their strong ability to span space and low steel consumption.
然而，无论对于弦支穹顶结构，还是索穹顶或者索桁架结构，都存在明显的不足之处：However, no matter for the suspension dome structure, cable dome or cable truss structure, there are obvious deficiencies:
1、弦支穹顶结构存在明显的关键构件，即环向索，一旦环向索失效，将引起斜向拉索和竖向撑杆的失效，甚至直接引起结构的连续性倒塌。1. There is an obvious key component in the suspensed dome structure, that is, the hoop cable. Once the hoop cable fails, it will cause the failure of the oblique stay cables and vertical struts, and even directly cause the continuous collapse of the structure.
2、索桁架结构由于结构自身无法保证平面外稳定，需要沿环向设置稳定索保证各榀索桁架的平面外稳定。结构的抗倒塌能力较弱，轮辐式索桁架结构依靠中央环索将各榀索桁架联系在一起，并通过张拉中央环索使结构获得足够的刚度和承载力。一旦中央环索断裂，结构刚度下降明显，甚至导致结构整体垮塌；同时，上下层杆件都为柔性拉索，空间节点坐标定位复杂，施工难度较大。2. The cable truss structure cannot guarantee the out-of-plane stability of the structure itself, so it is necessary to set the stability cables along the ring direction to ensure the out-of-plane stability of each cable truss. The collapse resistance of the structure is weak, and the spoke-type cable truss structure relies on the central ring cable to connect the cable trusses together, and the structure obtains sufficient rigidity and bearing capacity by tensioning the central ring cable. Once the central ring cable breaks, the structural rigidity drops significantly, even leading to the overall collapse of the structure; at the same time, the upper and lower layers of the rods are all flexible cables, and the spatial node coordinate positioning is complicated, making the construction difficult.
3、索穹顶结构也存在明显的关键构件，即环向索，一旦环向索失效，将引起斜向拉索和竖向撑杆的失效，甚至直接引起结构的连续性倒塌；同时，上下层杆件都为柔性拉索，空间节点坐标定位复杂，施工难度较大。3. There are also obvious key components in the cable dome structure, that is, the hoop cables. Once the hoop cables fail, it will cause the failure of the oblique stay cables and vertical struts, and even directly cause the continuous collapse of the structure; at the same time, the upper and lower floors The rods are all flexible cables, the spatial node coordinate positioning is complicated, and the construction is difficult.
对于此类结构，其安装方法相对成熟。For this type of structure, its installation method is relatively mature.
例如弦支穹顶索杆系逐环提升安装方法，该安装方法包括以下步骤：首先安装上部网壳，其次组装索杆提升单元，之后以上部网壳为平台，逐环提升索杆提升单元。For example, the hoisting installation method of the cable-strut system of the suspendome ring by ring, the installation method includes the following steps: firstly install the upper reticulated shell, secondly assemble the cable-strut lifting unit, and then use the upper reticulated shell as a platform to lift the cable-strut lifting unit ring by ring.
此类安装方法用于安装弦支穹顶等结构能够达到较好的效果，但对于环形交叉索系支撑穹顶结构来说，其节点构造较为复杂，且下部索系在未施加预应力之前刚度较小，采用整体提升的安装方法无法实现，因此提出一种适用于环形交叉索系支撑穹顶结构的施工方法。This kind of installation method can achieve good results when installing structures such as suspensed domes, but for the dome structure supported by circular intersecting cable systems, the node structure is more complicated, and the rigidity of the lower cable system is small before prestressing is applied , it cannot be realized by the installation method of overall lifting, so a construction method suitable for the dome structure supported by circular cross cable system is proposed.
发明内容：Invention content:
本发明的目的在于针对环形交叉索系支撑穹顶结构的特殊性，提供一种适用于体育场等建筑的新型大跨度环形交叉索系支撑穹顶结构的安装方法。这种新型环形交叉索系支撑穹顶结构由上部网壳(1)、下部环形交叉索系(2)以及竖向撑杆(3)组成。环形交叉索系中每一根拉索保持相对独立，可单独承受荷载，即使因为意外情况使某一根拉索失效，结构会立即进行内力重分布，可由余下完好的索系提供承载力，与上部网壳共同受力，使得结构不会因此而发生整体倒塌，提高了结构的冗余度。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a new large-span circular cross cable support dome structure installation method suitable for stadiums and other buildings in view of the particularity of the circular cross cable system support dome structure. The novel annular crossing cable system supporting dome structure is composed of an upper reticulated shell (1), a lower annular crossing cable system (2) and vertical struts (3). Each cable in the circular crossing cable system remains relatively independent and can bear the load independently. Even if a cable fails due to an accident, the structure will immediately redistribute the internal force, and the remaining intact cable system can provide bearing capacity. The upper reticulated shell is jointly stressed, so that the structure will not collapse as a whole, and the redundancy of the structure is improved.
该发明的目的是通过以下技术方案实现的：The purpose of this invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
一种环形交叉索系支撑穹顶结构的安装方法，其特征在于，所述的环形交叉索系支撑穹顶结构主要由上部网壳(1)、下部环形交叉索系(2)以及多个竖向撑杆(3)组成；下部环形交叉索系(2)为多个拉索交叉分散点围成的环形结构；竖向撑杆(3)竖直上端连接上部网壳(1)，下端连接下部环形交叉索系(2)，每个竖向撑杆(3)上端与上部网壳(1)中的网格交叉点连接，下端与下部环形交叉索系(2)的拉索交叉部位连接。所述的上部网壳，根据网格划分形式的不同，可以是斯维德勒型、联方网格型、三向网格型、凯威特型、肋环型、短程线型或者其他形式的网格；根据网壳形状的不同，可以是球面网壳或圆柱面网壳等；根据网壳层数的不同，可以是单层网壳、双层网壳；所述的下部环形交叉索系(2)由多根相对独立的拉索相互交叉所得的拉索交叉部位构成。所述的下部环形交叉索系可以是一层、两层或者多层环形结构；两层或者多层环形结构位于可以上下不同高度，为同轴的两层或者多层环形结构；拉索交叉部位采用双层压板式夹具节点，双层压板式夹具节点与竖向撑杆的连接采用销式连接。各根拉索相互独立，可单独承受荷载，即使一根因意外失效，可立即进行内力重分布，提高了结构的冗余度。An installation method for a dome structure supported by circular intersecting cables, characterized in that the dome structure supported by circular intersecting cables mainly consists of an upper reticulated shell (1), a lower annular intersecting cable system (2) and a plurality of vertical braces Composed of rods (3); the lower circular intersecting cable system (2) is a ring structure surrounded by a plurality of cable crossing scattered points; the vertical upper end of the vertical strut (3) is connected to the upper reticulated shell (1), and the lower end is connected to the lower annular For the cross cable system (2), the upper end of each vertical strut (3) is connected to the grid intersection in the upper reticulated shell (1), and the lower end is connected to the cable intersection of the lower circular cross cable system (2). The upper reticulated shell, according to different grid division forms, can be Svidler type, joint square grid type, three-way grid type, Kewitt type, rib ring type, geodesic type or other forms grid; according to the shape of the reticulated shell, it can be a spherical reticulated shell or a cylindrical reticulated shell, etc.; The system (2) is composed of a plurality of relatively independent drag cables intersecting with each other at the cable intersection. The lower circular intersecting cable system can be a one-layer, two-layer or multi-layer ring structure; the two-layer or multi-layer ring structure can be located at different heights up and down, and is a coaxial two-layer or multi-layer ring structure; The double-layer laminated clamp node is adopted, and the connection between the double-layer laminated clamp node and the vertical strut adopts a pin connection. Each cable is independent of each other and can bear the load independently. Even if one fails due to accident, the internal force can be redistributed immediately, which improves the redundancy of the structure.
上述所述的环形交叉索系支撑穹顶结构的安装方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：The above-mentioned installation method of the annular cross cable system supporting the dome structure is characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
步骤一：在工厂预制制备上层网壳所用杆件与拼装环形交叉索系支撑穹顶结构所用的对应节点；运到安装现场后，将上层网壳在地面先进行分片拼装，待拼装完成后，用汽车吊将上层网壳各个片区吊到预定位置后搭设满堂脚手架进行固定，待所有片区都吊装完毕，对每个片区的位置进行微调，使每个片区边缘的接口吻合；当所有接口吻合后，对各个片区进行现场连接，形成完整的上层网壳；上层网壳拼接完毕后，将整个上层网壳焊接到基座的预埋钢板上，进行永久性固定；Step 1: Prefabricate in the factory the rods used to prepare the upper reticulated shell and the corresponding nodes used to assemble the circular cross cable system to support the dome structure; after transporting to the installation site, the upper reticulated shell is first assembled in pieces on the ground. Use a truck crane to hoist each section of the upper reticulated shell to the predetermined position, and then set up a scaffolding to fix it. After all the sections are hoisted, fine-tune the position of each section to make the interfaces on the edge of each section match; when all the interfaces are matched, , to connect each area on site to form a complete upper reticulated shell; after the upper reticulated shell is spliced, weld the entire upper reticulated shell to the pre-embedded steel plate of the base for permanent fixation;
步骤二：在工厂预制拉索、竖向撑杆和双层压板式夹具，运到现场安装；预制完成后，根据图纸在拉索的交叉部位做好标记，方便安装双层压板式夹具；Step 2: Prefabricate the cables, vertical struts and double-layer clamps in the factory, and transport them to the site for installation; after the prefabrication is completed, mark the intersections of the cables according to the drawing to facilitate the installation of the double-layer clamps;
步骤三：将上部网壳对应节点的下端与竖向撑杆的上端配套固定连接；Step 3: Fix and connect the lower end of the corresponding node of the upper reticulated shell with the upper end of the vertical strut;
步骤四：将竖向撑杆下端和双层压板式夹具、待交叉拉索进行匹配固定；Step 4: Match and fix the lower end of the vertical strut with the double-layer laminated clamp and the cables to be crossed;
步骤五：施加预应力：待全部拉索与双层压板式夹具安装完毕之后，准备对拉索施加预应力；Step 5: Apply prestress: After all the cables and double-layer laminated clamps are installed, prepare to apply prestress to the cables;
步骤六：夹紧双层压板式夹具。Step 6: Clamp the double laminated clamp.
所述步骤一的具体步骤为：首先将上层网壳的杆件按照长度分为若干种，并确定每种长度杆件的数量，同时确定节点的数量。之后严格按照施工图纸进行工厂加工。加工完成之后，通过卡车运往施工现场进行安装。The specific steps of the first step are as follows: firstly divide the rods of the upper reticulated shell into several types according to the length, and determine the number of rods of each length, and at the same time determine the number of nodes. Afterwards, factory processing is carried out in strict accordance with the construction drawings. After the processing is completed, it is transported by truck to the construction site for installation.
所述步骤三的具体步骤为：上层网壳安装完成后，按照安装上层网壳的顺序在相应节点上安装竖向撑杆的上节点。The specific steps of the third step are: after the upper reticulated shell is installed, install the upper node of the vertical strut on the corresponding node according to the order of installing the upper reticulated shell.
所述步骤四的具体步骤为：竖向撑杆下端为两个带孔的平行双耳板；双层压板式夹具包括四个夹板，自上而下依次为第一个长夹板、第二个长夹板、第三个长夹板、第四个长夹板；第一个长夹板、第三个长夹板的下表面分别有凹槽，第二个长夹板和第四长夹板上表面分别有凹槽，第一个长夹板和第二个长夹板叠合组成第一层双层板，第一层双层板中间形成通孔，第一个长夹板和第二个长夹板之间通过螺栓固定；第三个长夹板和第四个长夹板叠合组成第二层双层板，第二层双层板中间形成通孔，第三个长夹板和第四个长夹板之间通过螺栓固定；第二个长夹板和第三个长夹板之间通过旋钮连接，第二个长夹板和第三个长夹板之间的距离和成角度可调；第一个长夹板的上表面设有一带孔的单耳板；双层压板式夹具的单耳板插入到竖向撑杆下端平行双耳板之间，孔与孔对齐，采螺栓固定连接；The specific steps of the step four are: the lower end of the vertical strut is two parallel double ear plates with holes; the double-layer laminated clamp includes four splints, the first long splint, the second long splint from top to bottom. The long plywood, the third long plywood, and the fourth long plywood; the lower surfaces of the first long plywood and the third long plywood have grooves respectively, and the upper surfaces of the second long plywood and the fourth long plywood respectively have grooves , the first long plywood and the second long plywood are stacked to form the first double-layer board, a through hole is formed in the middle of the first double-layer board, and the first long plywood and the second long plywood are fixed by bolts; The third long plywood and the fourth long plywood are superimposed to form the second double-layer board, and a through hole is formed in the middle of the second double-layer board, and the third long plywood and the fourth long plywood are fixed by bolts; The second long splint and the third long splint are connected by a knob, the distance and angle between the second long splint and the third long splint can be adjusted; the upper surface of the first long splint is provided with a hole Single ear plate: the single ear plate of the double-layer clamp is inserted between the parallel double ear plates at the lower end of the vertical strut, the holes are aligned with the holes, and the bolts are used to fix the connection;
将待交叉的两根拉索分别固定在双层压板式夹具第一层双层板和第二层双层板的通孔中，但允许所夹持的拉索能够在通孔中索滑移。Fix the two cables to be crossed in the through holes of the first layer of double-layer board and the second layer of double-layer board of the double-layer laminated clamp, but allow the clamped cables to slide in the through holes .
所述步骤五的具体步骤为：每根拉索的张拉，采用同步张拉的方式，在节点处安装的张拉反力装置必须牢固可靠并且易于拆卸；张拉时考虑到拉索对外部上层网壳的影响，采用对称张拉的方式来控制上层网壳的变形，以固定方向分批分级张拉，张拉过程分为三级，第一级张拉到目标索力的30％，第二级张拉到目标索力的60％，第三级超张拉到目标索力的105％以抵消预应力损失。The specific steps of step five are: the tensioning of each cable adopts a synchronous tensioning method, and the tensioning reaction device installed at the node must be firm and reliable and easy to disassemble; The impact of the upper reticulated shell, the deformation of the upper reticulated shell is controlled by symmetrical stretching, and the stretching is performed in batches in a fixed direction. The tensioning process is divided into three stages. The first stage is stretched to 30% of the target cable force. The second stage is tensioned to 60% of the target cable force, and the third stage is over-tensioned to 105% of the target cable force to offset the loss of prestress.
所述步骤六的具体步骤为：待全部拉索张拉完毕后，对各个节点进行检查，微调，确认无误之后拧紧六角螺栓将双层压板式夹具节点的第一层长夹板夹紧，将竖向撑杆、拉索固定在双层压板式夹具节点处无法滑移，即安装完毕。The specific steps of step six are: after all the cables are stretched, check and fine-tune each node, and after confirming that it is correct, tighten the hexagonal bolts to clamp the first layer of long splints of the double-laminated clamp nodes, and the vertical The support rods and cables are fixed at the joints of the double-layer laminated clamps and cannot slide, that is, the installation is complete.
所述拉索由拉索和锚具组成，拉索采用Galfan镀层拉索或者不锈钢拉索，拉索两端设有锚具，采用叉耳套筒调节式锚具。The cable is composed of a cable and an anchor. The cable is a Galfan-coated cable or a stainless steel cable. Anchors are provided at both ends of the cable, and the fork ear sleeve adjustable anchor is used.
有益效果：本方法吸取了其他大跨度索桁架结构安装过程的优秀安装方法，与环形交叉索系支撑穹顶结构形式相结合，能够充分发挥环形交叉索系支撑穹顶结构的优势，有较高的实用价值。Beneficial effects: this method absorbs other excellent installation methods in the installation process of long-span cable truss structures, and is combined with the circular cross cable system supported dome structure, which can give full play to the advantages of the circular cross cable system supported dome structure and has high practicality. value.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1环形交叉索系支撑穹顶结构上部网壳分片图；Fig. 1 Segmentation diagram of the upper reticulated shell of the circular cross cable system supporting the dome structure;
图2环形交叉索系支撑穹顶结构上部网壳轴测图；Fig. 2 Axonometric view of the upper reticulated shell of the dome structure supported by circular crossing cables;
图3环形交叉索系支撑穹顶结构上部网壳与竖向撑杆图；Figure 3 is a diagram of the upper reticulated shell and vertical struts of the circular cross cable system supporting the dome structure;
图4环形交叉索系支撑穹顶结构轴测图；Fig. 4 Axonometric view of the dome structure supported by circular crossing cables;
图5双层压板式夹具节点详图；Figure 5 is a detailed diagram of the joints of the double-layer laminated clamp;
图中：A、B、C-上部网壳分片；1-上部网壳；2-下层环形交叉索系；3-竖向撑杆；4-竖向撑杆耳板；5-夹板耳板；6、9、13螺栓；7-第一个长夹板；8-第二个长夹板；10螺母；11-第三个长夹板；12-第四个长夹板；14-双层压板式夹具节点。In the figure: A, B, C-upper reticulated shell fragmentation; 1-upper reticulated shell; 2-lower circular cross cable system; 3-vertical strut; 4-vertical strut ear plate; 5-plywood ear plate ;6, 9, 13 bolts; 7-the first long splint; 8-the second long splint; 10 nut; 11-the third long splint; 12-the fourth long splint; 14-double-layer clamp node.
具体实施方式：Detailed ways:
下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步说明，但本发明并不限于以下实施例。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
实施例1Example 1
环形交叉索系支撑穹顶结构，主要由上部网壳1、下部环形交叉索系2以及多个竖向撑杆3组成；下部环形交叉索系2为多个拉索交叉分散点围成的环形结构；竖向撑杆3竖直上端连接上部网壳1，下端连接下部环形交叉索系2，每个竖向撑杆3上端与上部网壳1中的网格交叉点连接，下端与下部环形交叉索系2的拉索交叉部位连接。所述的上部网壳，根据网格划分形式的不同，可以是斯维德勒型、联方网格型、三向网格型、凯威特型、肋环型、短程线型或者其他形式的网格；根据网壳形状的不同，可以是球面网壳或圆柱面网壳等；根据网壳层数的不同，可以是单层网壳、双层网壳，本实施例是单层；所述的下部环形交叉索系2由多根相对独立的拉索相互交叉所得的拉索交叉部位构成。所述的下部环形交叉索系可以是一层、两层或者多层环形结构；两层或者多层环形结构位于可以上下不同高度，为同轴的两层或者多层环形结构，本实施例为4层结构；拉索交叉部位采用双层压板式夹具节点，双层压板式夹具节点与竖向撑杆的连接采用销式连接。各根拉索相互独立，可单独承受荷载，即使一根因意外失效，可立即进行内力重分布，提高了结构的冗余度。所述拉索由拉索和锚具组成，拉索采用Galfan镀层拉索或者不锈钢拉索，拉索两端设有锚具，采用叉耳套筒调节式锚具。The circular intersecting cable system supports the dome structure, which is mainly composed of the upper reticulated shell 1, the lower annular intersecting cable system 2, and multiple vertical struts 3; the lower annular intersecting cable system 2 is a ring structure surrounded by multiple crossing points of cables ; The vertical upper end of the vertical strut 3 is connected to the upper reticulated shell 1, and the lower end is connected to the lower circular crossing cable system 2. The upper end of each vertical strut 3 is connected to the grid intersection in the upper reticulated shell 1, and the lower end is connected to the lower circular crossing The cable intersections of the cable system 2 are connected. The upper reticulated shell, according to different grid division forms, can be Svidler type, joint square grid type, three-way grid type, Kewitt type, rib ring type, geodesic type or other forms According to the shape of the reticulated shell, it can be a spherical reticulated shell or a cylindrical reticulated shell, etc.; according to the number of layers of the reticulated shell, it can be a single-layer reticulated shell or a double-layer reticulated shell. This embodiment is a single layer; The lower circular crossing cable system 2 is composed of a cable intersection obtained by intersecting a plurality of relatively independent cables. The lower annular crossing cable system can be a one-layer, two-layer or multi-layer ring structure; the two-layer or multi-layer ring structure can be located at different heights up and down, and is a coaxial two-layer or multi-layer ring structure. This embodiment is 4-layer structure; the intersection of the cables adopts double-layer laminated clamp nodes, and the connection between the double-layer laminated clamp nodes and the vertical struts adopts pin-type connections. Each cable is independent of each other and can bear the load independently. Even if one fails due to accident, the internal force can be redistributed immediately, which improves the redundancy of the structure. The cable is composed of a cable and an anchor. The cable is a Galfan-coated cable or a stainless steel cable. Anchors are provided at both ends of the cable, and the fork ear sleeve adjustable anchor is used.
上述环形交叉索系支撑穹顶结构的具体安装方法为：The specific installation method of the above-mentioned annular cross cable system supporting the dome structure is as follows:
步骤一：首先将上层网壳的杆件按照长度分为若干种，并确定每种长度杆件的数量，同时确定节点的数量。之后严格按照施工图纸进行工厂加工。加工完成之后，通过卡车运往施工现场进行安装。Step 1: First divide the rods of the upper reticulated shell into several types according to the length, and determine the number of rods of each length, and determine the number of nodes at the same time. Afterwards, factory processing is carried out in strict accordance with the construction drawings. After the processing is completed, it is transported by truck to the construction site for installation.
步骤二：运到安装现场后，将上层网壳1在地面进行分片拼装，拼装成A、B、C三片或者更多片(见图1)，待拼装完成后，对于大跨度结构，用汽车吊将上层网壳A、B、C三个片区吊到预定位置后利用满堂脚手架进行临时固定，对于小跨度结构，直接将分成的片区吊装至预定位置用简易装置进行初始固定，保证其稳定性。待所有片区都吊装完毕，对每个片区的位置进行微调，使每个片区边缘的接口能很好吻合，当所有接口吻合后，对结构进行各个片区的现场连接，形成完整的上层网壳1(见图2)；上层网壳1拼接完毕后，将其焊接到基座的预埋钢板上，进行永久性固定；Step 2: After transporting to the installation site, assemble the upper reticulated shell 1 on the ground into three or more pieces A, B, and C (see Figure 1). After the assembly is completed, for large-span structures, Hoist the three areas A, B, and C of the upper reticulated shell to the predetermined position with a truck crane, and then temporarily fix them with a full scaffolding. stability. After all the sections are hoisted, fine-tune the position of each section so that the interfaces on the edge of each section can be well matched. When all the interfaces are matched, the structure is connected to each section on site to form a complete upper reticulated shell 1 (see Fig. 2); after the splicing of the upper reticulated shell 1 is completed, it is welded to the pre-embedded steel plate of the base for permanent fixing;
步骤三：在工厂预制拉索、竖向撑杆3和双层压板式夹具14，运到现场安装；预制完成后，根据图纸在索的交叉节点部位做好标记，方便安装双层压板式夹具14；Step 3: Prefabricate the cables, vertical struts 3 and double-layer laminated clamps 14 in the factory, and transport them to the site for installation; after the prefabrication is completed, mark the crossing nodes of the cables according to the drawings to facilitate the installation of the double-layered laminated clamps 14;
步骤四：上层网壳1安装完成后，按照安装上层网壳1的顺序在相应节点上安装竖向撑杆上节点。Step 4: After the upper reticulated shell 1 is installed, install the upper nodes of the vertical struts on the corresponding nodes in the order of installing the upper reticulated shell 1.
步骤五：在撑杆下端安装拉索的双层压板式夹具14，在双层压板式夹具14的第一层长夹板7上侧设有耳板5，竖向撑杆下部同样设有耳板4，将两者耳板的预留孔对齐，撑杆销钉6穿过预留孔将二者固定，此时中间撑杆3处于自由悬空状态。Step 5: Install the double-layer clamp 14 of the cable at the lower end of the strut, and set the ear plate 5 on the upper side of the first long plywood 7 of the double-layer clamp 14, and the lower part of the vertical strut is also provided with the ear plate 4. Align the reserved holes of the two lug plates, and the strut pin 6 passes through the reserved holes to fix the two. At this time, the middle strut 3 is in a free suspension state.
步骤六：将拉索的固定端通过耳板与上部网壳1的相应节点固定，由牵引设备牵引拉索张拉端到距离另一端节点耳板1m处，再利用吊装带及千斤顶等设备牵引拉索张拉端就位，用销轴将拉索的另一端固定在耳板处；按照顺时针方向依次安装每个耳板处的两根拉索；拉索安装完成后，在标记节点部位安装双层压板式夹具节点14的第二层长夹板8，第二层长夹板就位后，拧动第一层长夹板下侧的螺母9，轻轻夹紧第一、二层长夹板7、8，但允许所夹持的拉索的内层索滑移；将第三层长夹板11的带齿凸起置于第二层长夹板的带齿凹槽中，通过转动第三层长夹板调整拉索角度后，将第二层长夹板的带齿凹槽与第三层长夹板的带齿凸起卡紧贴合，节点便无法转动；将拉索的外层索置于第三层长夹板11的索槽处，第三层长夹板11上事先放置了螺栓13，将第四层长夹板12的螺孔对准螺栓与第三层长夹板11贴合，此时安装螺母并轻轻拧紧，但允许外层索沿索槽滑移，此时索桁架结构中的所有拉索处于松弛状态，不能承受外荷载，见附图5。Step 6: Fix the fixed end of the cable to the corresponding node of the upper reticulated shell 1 through the ear plate, and pull the tension end of the cable to a distance of 1m from the ear plate of the node at the other end by the traction equipment, and then use lifting belts, jacks and other equipment to pull The tension end of the cable is in place, and the other end of the cable is fixed at the ear plate with a pin; install the two cables at each ear plate in a clockwise direction; after the cable is installed, mark the node Install the second long plywood 8 of the double-layer clamp node 14. After the second long plywood is in place, turn the nut 9 on the lower side of the first long plywood to gently clamp the first and second long plywood 7 , 8, but the inner layer cable of the clamped cable is allowed to slide; the toothed protrusion of the third layer of long splint 11 is placed in the toothed groove of the second layer of long splint, by rotating the third layer of long splint After the splint adjusts the angle of the cable, the toothed groove of the second layer of long splint and the toothed protrusion of the third layer of long splint are tightly fitted, and the node cannot rotate; the outer layer of the cable is placed on the third layer of splint At the cable groove of the layer length splint 11, bolts 13 are placed in advance on the third layer length splint 11, and the screw holes of the fourth layer length splint 12 are aligned with the bolts to fit the third layer length splint 11. At this time, the nuts are installed and Tighten lightly, but allow the outer layer cables to slide along the cable grooves. At this time, all the cables in the cable truss structure are in a relaxed state and cannot bear external loads. See Figure 5.
步骤七：步骤七即重复步骤五与步骤六的具体步骤，直至所有构件安装到位。Step 7: Step 7 is to repeat the specific steps of Step 5 and Step 6 until all components are installed in place.
步骤八：每根拉索的张拉，采用同步张拉的方式，在节点处安装的张拉反力装置必须牢固可靠并且易于拆卸；张拉时考虑到拉索对外部上层网壳(1的影响，采用对称张拉的方式来控制上层网壳1的变形，以固定方向分批分级张拉，张拉过程分为三级，第一级张拉到目标索力的30％，第二级张拉到目标索力的60％，第三级超张拉到目标索力的105％以抵消预应力损失。Step 8: The tensioning of each cable adopts a synchronous tensioning method. The tensioning reaction device installed at the node must be firm and reliable and easy to disassemble; when tensioning, take into account the effect of the cable on the outer upper reticulated shell (1 Influence, using symmetrical stretching method to control the deformation of the upper reticulated shell 1, stretching in batches in a fixed direction, the tensioning process is divided into three stages, the first stage stretches to 30% of the target cable force, the second stage Tension to 60% of the target cable force, and the third stage super tension to 105% of the target cable force to offset the loss of prestress.
步骤九：待全部拉索张拉完毕后，对各个节点进行检查，微调，确认无误之后拧紧六角螺栓将双层压板式夹具14的第一层长夹板7夹紧，将竖向撑杆3、拉索固定在双层压板式夹具14处无法滑移，即安装完毕。Step 9: After all the cables are stretched, check and fine-tune each node. After confirming that it is correct, tighten the hexagonal bolts to clamp the first layer of long splint 7 of the double-layer laminated clamp 14, and vertical struts 3, Dragline is fixed on double-layer laminated clamp 14 places and can't slide, promptly installs.
以上是本发明的一个典型实施例，本发明的实施不限于此。The above is a typical embodiment of the present invention, and the practice of the present invention is not limited thereto.
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