CN106436674B - It is a kind of that the liquefied method of sand gravel layer is differentiated using standard penetration test (SPT) - Google Patents
It is a kind of that the liquefied method of sand gravel layer is differentiated using standard penetration test (SPT) Download PDFInfo
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- CN106436674B CN106436674B CN201610953303.4A CN201610953303A CN106436674B CN 106436674 B CN106436674 B CN 106436674B CN 201610953303 A CN201610953303 A CN 201610953303A CN 106436674 B CN106436674 B CN 106436674B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D1/00—Investigation of foundation soil in situ
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D1/00—Investigation of foundation soil in situ
- E02D1/02—Investigation of foundation soil in situ before construction work
- E02D1/022—Investigation of foundation soil in situ before construction work by investigating mechanical properties of the soil
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Abstract
It is a kind of that the liquefied method of sand gravel layer is differentiated using standard penetration test (SPT), first experiment sand gravel layer is drilled to the experiment above 5cm of sand gravel layer absolute altitude；Standard penetration test (SPT) device has been reconnected, penetrator has been put into drilling to bottom hole after checking the connector of sounding rod；Then it uses punching hammer that penetrator is first squeezed into saturation sand gravel layer 5cm, then start recording often squeezes into the Standard piercing blow counts of 3cm, is divided into 10 examination section meter 30cm；Draw graph of relation between each examination segment standard injection blow counts and pile penetration, the invalid examination section influenced by greater particle size sand gravel is rejected accordingly, and according to the Standard piercing blow counts and pile penetration of effective examination section, Standard piercing blow counts when Equivalent Conversion injection 30cm；According to the Standard piercing blow counts of equivalent injection saturation sand gravel 30cm, saturation sand gravel seismic liquefaction evaluation is carried out.The present invention makes up the prior art to be influenced by the larger gravel of grain size, causes Standard piercing blow counts bigger than normal, and then seismic liquefaction evaluation result is caused to be partial to unsafe defect.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to in-situ test technical fields, are related to a kind of liquefied using standard penetration test (SPT) differentiation sand gravel layer
Method.
Background technology
80% or more China's hydroelectric resources is distributed in the west area that seismic activity is frequent and intensity is big, and this area riverbed is big
There is coating, being commonly present in coating under geological process may liquefied sand gravel layer more.With strategy to develop western regions
Implement, following more and more earth-rock works are built on sand gravel coating, stability of the sand gravel layer under geological process
It is the major issue for the relationship engineering safety that must take into consideration.But since sand gravel layer cobble-stone grain size is larger, according to method for normalizing
When carrying out standard penetration test (SPT) in sand gravel layer, Standard piercing blow counts are easy to be influenced and bigger than normal by the gravel of greater particle size,
When the standard penetration test (SPT) method in existing specification being caused to be applied to sand gravel layer Liquefaction, result can be caused to be partial to uneasiness
Entirely.Therefore, a kind of improved standard penetration test (SPT) method is designed, differentiates sand gravel layer in design earthquake by field test index
Whether earthquake liquefaction occurs under effect, is of great significance to the earth and rockfill dam or gate dam safety evaluation that are built on sand gravel layer.
Invention content
It is an object of the invention to overcome disadvantage of the existing technology, making up existing standard penetration test (SPT) method can only fit
For the deficiency of the fine grained soils seismic liquefaction evaluation such as sand, silt, it is a kind of using standard penetration test (SPT) differentiation to seek design offer
The liquefied method of sand gravel layer.Using the energy that drops hammer by penetrator injection sand gravel layer, hammered according to each examination segment standard injection
Number and pile penetration relational graph reject the invalid examination section that blow counts are influenced by gravel, are to squeeze by remaining effectively examination section Equivalent Conversion
The Standard piercing blow counts of 30cm in sand gravel layer, then with earthquake liquefaction Critical Standard injection blow countsComparison differentiates full
Whether liquefy with sand gravel.
To achieve the goals above, the present invention realizes in standard penetration test (SPT) device, the specific steps are：
It is a kind of that the liquefied method of sand gravel layer is differentiated using standard penetration test (SPT), which is characterized in that include the following steps：
It drills to the above 5cm of sand gravel layer absolute altitude Step 1: sand gravel layer will be tested using conventional drilling tool, in cleaning hole
Surflaes, and carry out mud off；
Step 2: connecting standard penetration test (SPT) device, the connector of sounding rod is tightened, ensures that the connector of sounding rod is not loose
It is de-, then penetrator is put into bottom hole in hole, and impact opening bottom is avoided, measurement obtains drilling depth, keeps penetrator, feeler inspection
It is in plumbness after bar, guide rod connection；
Step 3: the punching using 63.5kg is hammered into shape, with 76cm freely fall away from, using automatic drop hammer method, by penetrator with
Several impacts per minute are buried after middle 5cm, then start recording often squeezes into the Standard piercing blow counts of 3cm, are divided into 10 examination sections
Count 30cm；
It is passed through with the standard of each examination section Step 4: drawing pile penetration according to the above-mentioned Standard piercing blow counts for often squeezing into 3cm
Enter blow counts variation relation curve, if increasing with Standard piercing blow counts, in pile penetration and Standard piercing blow counts relational graph
There is horizontal segment, illustrate that injection blow counts are influenced by gravel, then give up the part between horizontal segment starting point and end point,
By remaining blow countsWith corresponding pile penetration lengthAs effective examination section；For leading to Standard piercing due to gravel influence
Blow counts increased examination section suddenly is invalid examination section, is denoted as=0,=0；
Step 5: Standard piercing blow counts when injection 30cm is calculated as follows
（1）
Standard piercing blow counts when-injection 30cm；- give up remaining blow counts after horizontal segment；- correspond toEffective examination segment length；m- examination section number, value are equal to 10；
Step 6: calculating Liquefaction Criterion in China injection critical count according to the following formula
- the value of critical of standard penetration hammering number；- Standard piercing blow counts a reference value, basic seismic design acceleration
For 0.10g, 0.15g, 0.20g, 0.30g, 0.40g when it is correspondingValue is respectively 7,10,12,16 and 19；- saturation gravel
Stone Standard piercing point depth, unit m；- level of ground water, unit m；- sticky content percentage is adopted when less than 3
With 3；- regulation coefficient determines corresponding regulation coefficient value according to classification of design earthquake, and first group of earthquake of design takes 0.80, the
Two groups take 0.95, and third group takes 1.05；
Step 7: comparisonWithIf≤, then sand gravel liquefy；If>, then sand gravel do not liquefy.
It is further preferred that the standard penetration test (SPT) device includes mainly punching hammer, pallet, sounding rod and penetrator.
Punching hammers the steel-casting for the 63.5kg that attaches most importance into shape, and centre has the center hole of a diameter 45mm, the guide rod embedded by center hole
It is hammered into shape mounted on punching intermediate；The punching hammer carries automatic decoupling device, and its bottom is provided with pallet；It adopts the bottom of pallet
It is fastenedly connected sounding rod with screw thread；The local inclination of the sounding rod is less than 1/1000, and bottom is fastened with by screwed connection
Penetrator；The penetrator is made of penetrator head, soil sampler and penetrator boots three parts, and penetrator crown end is provided with
Apopore.
In addition, penetrator is struck the middle 5cm that buries with per minute 15 ~ 30.
It is further preferred that the examination section of the step 3 is using 10 or more examination section meter 30m or more, in the step 4 formula
M values take it is corresponding be more than 10 value.
Beneficial effects of the present invention：
Compared with prior art, the present invention provides a kind of differentiations to be saturated the liquefied standard penetration test (SPT) method of sand gravel,
When can make up existing specification Plays injection blow counts liquifying method applied to saturation sand gravel layer progress Liquefaction, due to
Standard piercing blow counts are influenced by the larger gravel of grain size, cause Standard piercing blow counts bigger than normal, and then cause to differentiate that result is inclined
In unsafe defect, key is provided for the geotechnical engineerings sand gravel ground seismic liquefaction evaluation such as highly seismic region hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering
It supports.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of standard penetration test (SPT) device of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is a kind of step flow chart differentiating the liquefied method of sand gravel layer using standard penetration test (SPT) of the present invention.
Reference numeral：1- punchings are hammered into shape；2- pallets；3-sounding rods；4-penetrators；5- apopores；6-soil samplers；7 -
Penetrator boots.
Specific implementation mode
Technological means, character of innovation, reached purpose and effect to make the present invention realize are easy to understand, below to this
Invention further illustrates.
The embodiment recorded herein is the specific specific implementation mode of the present invention, for illustrating design of the invention,
It is explanatory and illustrative, should not be construed as the limitation to embodiment of the present invention and the scope of the invention.Except what is recorded herein
Outside embodiment, those skilled in the art can also based on the application claims and specification disclosure of that using aobvious and
The other technical solutions being clear to, these technical solutions include any obvious using making for the embodiment to recording herein
The technical solution of substitutions and modifications.
The present embodiment realized by standard penetration test (SPT) device, experiment process as shown in Fig. 2, the specific steps are：
Step 1: experiment saturation sand gravel layer is drilled to more than experiment saturation sand gravel layer absolute altitude using conventional drilling tool
5cm, surflaes in cleaning hole, and carry out mud off；
Step 2: connecting standard penetration test (SPT) device, the connector of sounding rod 3 is tightened, ensures that the connector of sounding rod 3 is not loose
It is de-, then penetrator 4 is put into bottom hole in hole, and impact opening bottom is avoided, measurement obtains drilling depth, keeps penetrator 4, feeler inspection
It is in plumbness after bar 3, guide rod connection；
Step 3: using the punching hammer 1 with automatic decoupling device, weight 63.5kg, with freely falling away from using automatic for 76cm
Penetrator is struck the middle 5cm that buries by drop weight method with per minute 15 ~ 30, then start recording often squeezes into the Standard piercing hammering of 3cm
Number, is divided into 10 examination section meter 30cm, and the present invention can also use following experiment method that can such as be divided into 10 examination sections or more, amount to
30cm or more, according to the lower section step（5）The Standard piercing blow counts of 30cm constantly are converted into, step is continued（6）And step
（7）；
It is passed through with the standard of each examination section Step 4: drawing pile penetration according to the above-mentioned Standard piercing blow counts for often squeezing into 3cm
Enter blow counts variation relation curve, if increasing with Standard piercing blow counts, in pile penetration and Standard piercing blow counts relational graph
There is horizontal segment, illustrate that injection blow counts are influenced by gravel, then give up the part between horizontal segment starting point and end point,
By remaining blow countsWith corresponding pile penetration lengthAs effective examination section；For leading to Standard piercing due to gravel influence
Blow counts increased examination section suddenly is invalid examination section, is denoted as=0,=0；
Step 5: Standard piercing blow counts when injection 30cm is calculated as follows
In this formula,Standard piercing blow counts when-injection 30cm；- give up remaining blow counts after horizontal segment；- correspond toEffective examination segment length；m- examination section number, if examination section overall length is 30cm, m is equal to 10, if examination section overall length
More than 30cm, then m is more than 10；
Step 6: calculating Liquefaction Criterion in China injection critical count according to the following formula
- the value of critical of standard penetration hammering number；- Standard piercing blow counts a reference value, basic seismic design acceleration
For 0.10g, 0.15g, 0.20g, 0.30g, 0.40g when it is correspondingValue is respectively 7,10,12,16 and 19；- saturation gravel
Stone Standard piercing point depth（m）；- level of ground water（m）；- sticky content percentage, when less than 3, using 3；- adjustment
Coefficient determines corresponding regulation coefficient value according to classification of design earthquake, specifically can be according to《Earthquake In China moves parameter zoning map》
（GB18306-2015）The classification of design earthquake of division, one group of earthquake of design take 0.80, and second group takes 0.95, and third group takes 1.05；
Step 7: comparisonWithIf≤, then sand gravel liquefy；If>, then sand gravel do not liquefy.
If Step 8: when need to carry out the penetration test of next depth, repeats aforesaid operations step and tested；This example relates to
And standard penetration test (SPT) apparatus structure as shown in Figure 1, including mainly punching hammer 1, sounding rod 3 and penetrator 4.Punching hammers 1 into shape
There are the center hole of a diameter 45mm in the steel-casting of weight 63.5kg, centre, pass through center hole installation by adhering for placing guide rod
Among punching hammer 1, the free-falling direction for controlling punching hammer；The bottom of punching hammer 1 with automatic decoupling device is set
It is equipped with pallet 2, punching is hammered into shape on 1 energy freely falling body to pallet, fallen away from 76cm；The bottom of pallet 2 is fastenedly connected with directly using screw thread
The sounding rod 3 of diameter 42mm；The local inclination of sounding rod 3 is less than 1/1000, and graduation mark is provided on sounding rod 3, for intuitively seeing
Survey depth of penetration；The penetrator 4 of hollow metal tube structure with cutting edge is fastened with sounding rod 3 by screwed connection, by penetrator
Head, soil sampler（Split pipe）6 and 7 three parts of penetrator boots composition, the long 145mm of penetrator head, top is provided with a diameter of 30mm
Apopore 5, soil sampler（Split pipe）6 long 500mm, outer diameter 51mm, internal diameter 35mm, 7 length 55mm of penetrator boots, cutting edge
20 degree of angle, cutting edge single-blade thickness 2.5mm.
The foregoing is merely presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, it is all the present invention spirit and
Within principle, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of differentiating the liquefied method of sand gravel layer using standard penetration test (SPT), which is characterized in that include the following steps：
It drills to the above 5cm of sand gravel layer absolute altitude Step 1: sand gravel layer will be tested using conventional drilling tool, it is residual in cleaning hole
Soil, and carry out mud off；
Step 2: connecting standard penetration test (SPT) device, the connector of sounding rod (3) is tightened, ensures that the connector of sounding rod (3) is not loose
It is de-, then penetrator (4) is put into bottom hole in hole, and impact opening bottom is avoided, it measures and obtains drilling depth, holding penetrator (4),
It is in plumbness after sounding rod (3), guide rod connection；
Step 3: the punching using 63.5kg is hammered into shape, with freely falling away from using automatic drop hammer method, by penetrator (4) with every for 76cm
Minute several impacts are buried after middle 5cm, then start recording often squeezes into the Standard piercing blow counts of 3cm, are divided into 10 examination section meters
30cm；
It is hammered into shape with the Standard piercing of each examination section Step 4: drawing pile penetration according to the above-mentioned Standard piercing blow counts for often squeezing into 3cm
Several variation relation curves are hit, if increasing with Standard piercing blow counts, are occurred in Standard piercing blow counts relational graph in pile penetration
Horizontal segment illustrates that injection blow counts are influenced by gravel, then gives up the part between horizontal segment starting point and end point, will remain
Remaining blow counts △ niWith corresponding pile penetration length △ siAs effective examination section；For causing Standard piercing to be hammered into shape due to gravel influence
Number increased examination section suddenly is hit, is invalid examination section, is denoted as △ ni=0, △ si=0；
Step 5: Standard piercing blow counts when injection 30cm is calculated as follows
Standard piercing blow counts when N-injection 30cm；△ni- give up remaining blow counts after horizontal segment；△si- correspond to △
niEffective examination segment length；M-examination section number, value are equal to 10；
Step 6: calculating Liquefaction Criterion in China injection critical count according to the following formula
Ncr- the value of critical of standard penetration hammering number；N0- Standard piercing blow counts a reference value, basic seismic design acceleration are
Corresponding N when 0.10g, 0.15g, 0.20g, 0.30g, 0.40g0Value is respectively 7,10,12,16 and 19；ds- saturation sand gravel mark
Quasi- injection point depth, unit m；dw- level of ground water, unit m；ρc- sticky content percentage, when less than 3, using 3；
β-regulation coefficient determines corresponding regulation coefficient value according to classification of design earthquake, and first group of earthquake of design takes 0.80, second group
0.95 is taken, third group takes 1.05；
Step 7: comparison N and NcrIf N≤Ncr, then sand gravel liquefy；If N>Ncr, then sand gravel do not liquefy.
2. as described in claim 1 a kind of using the standard penetration test (SPT) differentiation liquefied method of sand gravel layer, it is characterised in that：
The standard penetration test (SPT) device includes mainly punching hammer (1), pallet (2), sounding rod (3) and penetrator (4).
3. as claimed in claim 2 a kind of using the standard penetration test (SPT) differentiation liquefied method of sand gravel layer, it is characterised in that：
Punching hammer (1) is attached most importance to the steel-casting of 63.5kg, and centre has the center hole of a diameter 45mm, guide rod to pass through the embedded peace of center hole
It is intermediate mounted in punching hammer (1)；The punching hammer (1) carries automatic decoupling device, and its bottom is provided with pallet (2)；Pallet
(2) bottom is fastenedly connected sounding rod (3) using screw thread；The local inclination of the sounding rod (3) is less than 1/1000, and bottom is logical
It crosses screwed connection and is fastened with penetrator (4)；The penetrator (4) is by penetrator head, soil sampler (6) and (7) three, penetrator boots
It is grouped as, penetrator crown end is provided with apopore (5).
4. as described in claim 1 a kind of using the standard penetration test (SPT) differentiation liquefied method of sand gravel layer, it is characterised in that：
Penetrator (4) is struck into the middle 5cm that buries with per minute 15~30.
5. a kind of use standard penetration test (SPT) as described in claims 1 to 3 any one differentiates the liquefied method of sand gravel layer,
It is characterized in that：The examination section of the step 3 tries section meter 30m or more, the m values in the step 4 formula (1) using 10 or more
Take the corresponding value more than 10.
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| CN107190720A (en) * | 2017-06-07 | 2017-09-22 | 深圳市工勘岩土集团有限公司 | Observation of groundwater levels is bored into well |
| CN107829422B (en) * | 2017-09-28 | 2020-05-29 | 上海申元岩土工程有限公司 | Method for nondestructively identifying terrace diseases and rapidly repairing terrace diseases in micro-damage mode |
| CN108797553A (en) * | 2018-05-02 | 2018-11-13 | 北京城建勘测设计研究院有限责任公司 | A kind of Ge Ailu sandy soils foundation bearing capacity acquisition methods |
| CN111368382B (en) * | 2018-12-06 | 2022-10-04 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Method and system for determining earthquake liquefaction index |
| CN110879190A (en) * | 2019-12-04 | 2020-03-13 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Portable working degree tester and testing method for working degree of cemented sand gravel |
| CN113720766B (en) * | 2021-06-24 | 2024-03-08 | 河北工程大学 | Indoor compaction test method for evaluating earthquake liquefaction potential of sandy soil |
| CN115478525A (en) * | 2022-08-23 | 2022-12-16 | 长江岩土工程有限公司 | In-hole standard penetration test hammer applied to deep stratum test and test method |
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| JP2000178956A (en) * | 1998-12-17 | 2000-06-27 | Ohbayashi Corp | Ground survey method |
| JP4428599B2 (en) * | 2000-02-28 | 2010-03-10 | 応用地質株式会社 | In-hole static penetration test equipment with boring function |
| CN100585089C (en) * | 2008-09-05 | 2010-01-27 | 长安大学 | Downhole standard penetrometer |
| CN101644062B (en) * | 2009-08-21 | 2011-04-27 | 江苏省无锡探矿机械总厂有限公司 | Quantitative automatic impact mechanism |
| CN101705677B (en) * | 2009-11-27 | 2012-03-21 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Method and device for automatically detecting thicknesses of penetration type dregs |
| CN103469778B (en) * | 2013-09-25 | 2015-09-30 | 青岛理工大学 | Standard penetration test method for dividing rock weathering degree |
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