CN106435378A - Superalloy hot-working steel and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Superalloy hot-working steel and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
- B22F3/14—Both compacting and sintering simultaneously
- B22F3/15—Hot isostatic pressing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/08—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing nickel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/14—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing titanium or zirconium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/16—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing copper
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
- B22F2009/0824—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid with a specific atomising fluid
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Abstract
The invention discloses superalloy hot-working steel which comprises the following components: iron, manganese, tungsten, titanium, copper, zirconium, molybdenum, silicon, chromium, carbon, vanadium, calcium, nickel and additives. The superalloy hot-working steel has the excellent characteristics of being high in impact resistance, mechanical strength, abrasion resistance, corrosion resistance, high-temperature resistance and the like. The invention further discloses a preparation method of the superalloy hot-working steel. The preparation method comprises the following steps: separately granulating all the metal components for vacuum annealing treatment, and then performing screening and classification; performing wet mixing on the classified metal grains of the metal components, and then performing vacuum induction melting to obtain classified metal round bars; after remelting, performing stirring, mixing and atomization to obtain mixed metal powder; and performing die-casting on the mixed metal powder by adopting the hot isostatic pressing technology to obtain the superalloy hot-working steel of the required shape and size. By adoption of the preparation method provided by the invention, the excellent characteristics of conventional hot-working steel being high impact resistance, mechanical strength, abrasion resistance, corrosion resistance, high-temperature resistance and the like can be obviously improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to powder metallurgical technology, particularly to a kind of superalloy hot-work steel and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Metallurgy be a kind of with metal dust as raw material, mix and smelting make variously-shaped material.This material
Essential sexual clorminance be to there is high impact resistance rate, high intensity, improve wear-resistant rate, heat-resisting quantity and anti-highly corrosive.Raw material
For metal dust, metal dust is mainly resolved into fine particle and is mixed the powder forming by various raw metals.Due to powder
Last metallurgy is to synthesize by different proportion from the several pure powder purified metals, and carries out formula improvement, making one kind can be
Reach the product of optimized physical property requirements in practice, with reach the impact resistance rate of material, high intensity, improve wear-resistant
Rate, heat-resisting quantity and anti-highly corrosive.
Wherein, hot-work steel is one of powder metallurgy, and is also important conventional material in manufacturing industry, in occupation of non-
Often consequence, and the hot-work steel of China can be divided into low-alloy hot-work steel, middle alloy hot-work steel and high-alloy hot work at present
Steel, it mainly adds different alloying elements in Fe-C alloy, changes the institutional framework of whole steel construction, thus changing this steel
The various performances of structure.
Content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to solution at least the above, and provide the advantage that at least will be described later.
It is a still further object of the present invention to provide a kind of superalloy hot-work steel, it has good resistance to impact, machinery
Intensity, abrasion resistance, corrosion resistance and the good characteristic such as high temperature resistant.
It is a still further object of the present invention to provide a kind of preparation method of superalloy hot-work steel, the method can significantly carry
The resistance to impact of high existing hot-work steel, mechanical strength, abrasion resistance, corrosion resistance and the good characteristic such as high temperature resistant.
In order to realize according to object of the present invention and further advantage, there is provided a kind of superalloy hot-work steel, it is special
Levy and be, by weight fraction meter, including following components：
Preferably, fraction meter by weight, including following components：
Preferably, count by weight, described additive includes graphite 0.4-0.7 part and lubricant 0.8-1.2 part, institute
Stating lubricant for mass ratio is 2:1 paraffin and the mixture of lubricating grease, wherein, it is stearic that described lubricating grease includes 23%-28%
Acid, strontium 1%-2.5%, 2,6- toluene di-tert-butyl phenol 0.9%-1.1%, balance of alkane.
A kind of preparation method of superalloy hot-work steel, comprises the following steps：
Step one, each component in addition to additives in such as said components is processed into respectively 60-100 mesh metallic particles it
After carry out vacuum annealing process, standby；
Step 2, vacuum annealing is processed after described metallic particles be respectively adopted 80 mesh standard sieve nets and carried out sieve classification
Become one-level metallic particles and two grades of metallic particles of particle diameter >=80 purpose of particle diameter ＜ 80 mesh；
Step 3, additive is 3-5 according to volume ratio:100 are dissolved in absolute ethyl alcohol and are prepared into ethanol solution, afterwards will
The one-level metallic particles of each component and two grades of metallic particles are wet according to carrying out in such as above-mentioned parts by weight addition ethanol solution respectively
Method mixes, and wherein, ethanol solution is 1-2 with the volume ratio of one-level metallic particles or two grades of metallic particles:2-4；
Step 4, the one-level metallic particles after wet-mixing and two grades of metallic particles are used 200kg vaccum sensitive stove respectively
Smelt, 1650-1800 DEG C of smelting temperature, vacuum 1.0-1.4 × 10-1Pa, pours intoOne-level metal
Pole and two grades of round metal bars；
Step 5, with vaccum sensitive stove argon gas atomising device, one-level round metal bars and two grades of round metal bars are weighed respectively
Molten, liquation flows down through leting slip a remark, and during flowing down, the liquation of the liquation of one-level round metal bars and two grades of round metal bars is stirred
Mixed liquor high pressure argon gas are atomized into mixed metal powder by mixing afterwards, and wherein, pouring temperature is 160-1680 DEG C,
Argon gas jetting pressure is 1.7～1.75MPa；
Step 6, mixed metal powder sieve under argon gas protection, and granularity is 160-200 mesh, and powder is through electrostatic separation method
Process 30-40min and remove ceramic inclusions, 3.0 × 10-3Under the vacuum of Pa, it is heated to 320 DEG C and keeps 5-10min in vacuum
In the lower loading stainless steel sleeve by powder, required form and size are cast into using hot isostatic pressing technique.
In one preferred version, in described step 3, by additive according to volume ratio be 4:100 are dissolved in system in absolute ethyl alcohol
Standby one-tenth ethanol solution, afterwards by the one-level metallic particles of each component and two grades of metallic particles respectively according to parts by weight described above
Add in ethanol solution and carry out wet-mixing, wherein, the volume ratio of ethanol solution and one-level metallic particles or two grades of metallic particles
For 1:3.
In one preferred version, in described step 4, smelting temperature is 1700 DEG C, vacuum 1.0 × 10-1Pa.
In one preferred version, in described step 5, pouring temperature is 1660 DEG C, and argon gas jetting pressure is 1.7MPa.
In one preferred version, in step 6, under vacuo powder is loaded in stainless steel sleeve, shake reality, sealing, steel bushing chi
Very little it isDress silty amount is 78～81kg.
In one preferred version, the technological parameter of HIP is 1650-1720 DEG C, 135-140MPa, 3.2-3.6h.
The present invention at least includes following beneficial effect：
The superalloy heat that the present invention provides is made just, to employ various metals component and additive according to specific proportioning system
Become, prepared properties of product can reach more preferable impact resistance rate, improve intensity, improve wear-resistant rate, heat-resisting quantity and anti-height
Corrosivity, hence it is evident that improve the service life of product, is 2 times of life-spans used above of like product.
The superalloy heat that the present invention provides is made, in firm preparation method, in step one and step 2, metallic particles to be carried out
Carry out mixed processing respectively again, due to metallic particles uniformly, fully, the melting through step 4 is follow-up for mixing after sizing screening
Preparing superalloy hot-work steel provides consistency high one-level alloy masterbatch；By one-level round metal bars and two grades of metals in step 5
Pole is carried out atomization again and dusts process after being mixed and stirred for uniformly with liquid condition again after remelting respectively, so that metal powder
End inherently possesses the property of alloy powder, and step 6 carries out hot isostatic pressing technique to alloy powder again and is cast into again afterwards
The superalloy hot-work steel that consistency is high, lattice structure is stable.
Part is embodied by the further advantage of the present invention, target and feature by description below, and part also will be by this
Invention research and practice and be understood by the person skilled in the art.
Specific embodiment
With reference to embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, to make those skilled in the art with reference to specification
Word can be implemented according to this.
It should be appreciated that used herein such as " have ", "comprising" and " inclusion " term do not allot one or many
The presence of individual other element or a combination thereof or interpolation.
Embodiment 1
The present invention provides a kind of superalloy hot-work steel, and fraction meter by weight, including following components：
Additive includes 0.7 part of graphite and 1.2 parts of lubricant, and described lubricant is 2 for mass ratio:1 paraffin and lubrication
The mixture of fat, wherein, described lubricating grease includes 28% stearic acid, strontium 2.5%, 2, and 6- toluene di-tert-butyl phenol 0.9% is remaining
Measure as alkane.
Embodiment 2
The present invention provides a kind of superalloy hot-work steel, and fraction meter by weight, including following components：
Additive includes 0.5 part of graphite and 1.0 parts of lubricant, and described lubricant is 2 for mass ratio:1 paraffin and lubrication
The mixture of fat, wherein, described lubricating grease includes 25% stearic acid, strontium 1.5%, 2, and 6- toluene di-tert-butyl phenol 1.0% is remaining
Measure as alkane.
Embodiment 3
The present invention provides a kind of superalloy hot-work steel, and fraction meter by weight, including following components：
Additive includes 0.4 part of graphite and 0.8 part of lubricant, and described lubricant is 2 for mass ratio:1 paraffin and lubrication
The mixture of fat, wherein, described lubricating grease includes 23% stearic acid, strontium 1%, 2,6- toluene di-tert-butyl phenol 1.1%, surplus
For alkane.
Embodiment 4
A kind of preparation method of superalloy hot-work steel, comprises the following steps：
Step one, each component in addition to additives in such as said components is processed into respectively 60-100 mesh metallic particles it
After carry out vacuum annealing process, standby；
Step 2, vacuum annealing is processed after described metallic particles be respectively adopted 80 mesh standard sieve nets and carried out sieve classification
Become one-level metallic particles and two grades of metallic particles of particle diameter >=80 purpose of particle diameter ＜ 80 mesh；
Step 3, additive is 3-5 according to volume ratio:100 are dissolved in absolute ethyl alcohol and are prepared into ethanol solution, afterwards will
The one-level metallic particles of each component and two grades of metallic particles are wet according to carrying out in such as above-mentioned parts by weight addition ethanol solution respectively
Method mixes, and wherein, ethanol solution is 1-2 with the volume ratio of one-level metallic particles or two grades of metallic particles:2-4；
Step 4, the one-level metallic particles after wet-mixing and two grades of metallic particles are used 200kg vaccum sensitive stove respectively
Smelt, 1650-1800 DEG C of smelting temperature, vacuum 1.0-1.4 × 10-1Pa, pours intoOne-level metal
Pole and two grades of round metal bars；
Carry out mixed processing respectively again, due to metal after sizing screening being carried out to metallic particles in step one and step 2
Uniformly, fully, the melting through step 4 provides the high one-level of consistency to close for subsequently preparing superalloy hot-work steel to particle for mixing
Golden masterbatch.
Step 5, with vaccum sensitive stove argon gas atomising device, one-level round metal bars and two grades of round metal bars are weighed respectively
Molten, liquation flows down through leting slip a remark, and during flowing down, the liquation of the liquation of one-level round metal bars and two grades of round metal bars is stirred
Mixed liquor high pressure argon gas are atomized into mixed metal powder by mixing afterwards, and wherein, pouring temperature is 160-1680 DEG C,
Argon gas jetting pressure is 1.7～1.75MPa；Step 6, mixed metal powder sieve under argon gas protection, and granularity is 160-200
Mesh, powder processes 30-40min through electrostatic separation method and removes ceramic inclusions, 3.0 × 10-3Under the vacuum of Pa, it is heated to 320 DEG C
And keep 5-10min to be cast into required form and chi by powder loading stainless steel sleeve using hot isostatic pressing technique under vacuo
Very little.
To be mixed with liquid condition again after one-level round metal bars and two grades of round metal bars respectively remelting and stir in step 5
Carry out atomization after mixing uniformly again to dust process, so that metal dust inherently possesses the property of alloy powder, afterwards again
Step 6 carries out hot isostatic pressing technique again and is cast into the superalloy heat work that consistency is high, lattice structure is stable to alloy powder
Steel.
Wherein in a preferred version, in described step 3, by additive according to volume ratio be 4:100 are dissolved in anhydrous second
It is prepared into ethanol solution, afterwards by the one-level metallic particles of each component and two grades of metallic particles respectively according to weighing described above in alcohol
Amount number adds in ethanol solution and carries out wet-mixing, wherein, ethanol solution and one-level metallic particles or two grades of metallic particles
Volume ratio is 1:3.
Wherein in a preferred version, in described step 4, smelting temperature is 1700 DEG C, vacuum 1.0 × 10-1Pa.
Wherein in a preferred version, in described step 5, pouring temperature is 1660 DEG C, and argon gas jetting pressure is
1.7MPa.
Wherein in a preferred version, in step 6, under vacuo powder is loaded in stainless steel sleeve, shake reality, sealing,
Steel bushing is a size ofDress silty amount is 78～81kg.
Wherein in a preferred version, the technological parameter of HIP is 1650-1720 DEG C, 135-140MPa, 3.2-3.6h.
Method disclosed in Application Example 4 in conjunction with the embodiments in 1-3 component carry out superalloy heat and make firm preparation, and
The performance of superalloy hot-work steel is detected, result such as table 1 below：
Table 1
In sum, the superalloy hot-work steel that the present invention provides has good resistance to impact, mechanical strength, wear-resistant
Property, corrosion resistance and the good characteristic such as high temperature resistant.
Wherein, main component is iron component, with its complementary for carbon component, Fe-C alloy is as whole hot-work steel
Key component, constitutes the grown form of total, adds each alloy compositions, in order to improve each of whole steel construction in it
Plant performance；
Titanium and vanadium are excellent deoxidiers in hot-work steel, and it can make the dense internal organization of steel, crystal grain thinning, reduces timeliness
Sensitiveness and cold brittleness, improve its welding performance；
Zirconium can slow down stress and reduce distortion of lattice in hot-work steel remelting, react with other metallic elements, generate solid
Liquid solution compound, improves hot-work steel plasticity, resistance to impact and corrosion resistance；
Copper can improve its intensity and toughness, particularly atmospheric corrosion performance in hot-work steel；
Molybdenum can make the crystal grain refinement of hot-work steel, improves quenching degree and calorific intensity；
Silicon and chromium are favorably improved the spread separating out alloy carbide during high tempering, can improve hot-work steel
Tempering property, improve its critical point, improve non-oxidizability and the corrosion resistance of hot-work steel；
Nickel can improve the intensity of hot-work steel, and can keep good plasticity and toughness, has antirust and resistance at high temperature
Heat energy power, but it is rare element, relatively costly；
Additive is mainly used in improving the abrasion between the intermiscibility of each component and the metallic particles of each component of reduction, protects
Hold metallic particles uniform particle sizes consistent it is ensured that heat is made, firm lattice structure is unaffected, the steel construction after high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) more causes
Close, there is good resistance to impact, mechanical strength, abrasion resistance, corrosion resistance and the good characteristic such as high temperature resistant.
Although embodiment of the present invention is disclosed as above, it is not restricted to listed in specification and embodiment
With, it can be applied to various suitable the field of the invention completely, for those skilled in the art, can be easily
Realize other modification, therefore under the universal being limited without departing substantially from claim and equivalency range, the present invention does not limit
In specific details with shown here as the embodiment with description.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of superalloy hot-work steel is it is characterised in that fraction meter by weight, including following components：
2. superalloy hot-work steel as claimed in claim 1 is it is characterised in that fraction meter by weight, including following components：
3. it is characterised in that counting by weight, described additive includes superalloy hot-work steel as claimed in claim 1
Graphite 0.4-0.7 part and lubricant 0.8-1.2 part, described lubricant is 2 for mass ratio:1 paraffin and the mixture of lubricating grease,
Wherein, described lubricating grease includes 23%-28% stearic acid, strontium 1%-2.5%, 2,6- toluene di-tert-butyl phenol 0.9%-
1.1%, balance of alkane.
4. a kind of preparation method of the superalloy hot-work steel as any one of claim 1-3 is it is characterised in that include
Following steps：
Step one, each component in addition to additives in claim 1 is processed into respectively 60-100 mesh metallic particles laggard
Row vacuum annealing is processed, standby；
Step 2, vacuum annealing is processed after described metallic particles be respectively adopted 80 mesh standard sieve nets and carry out the classification granulating that sieves
The one-level metallic particles of footpath ＜ 80 mesh and two grades of metallic particles of particle diameter >=80 purpose；
Step 3, additive is 3-5 according to volume ratio:100 are dissolved in absolute ethyl alcohol and are prepared into ethanol solution, afterwards by each group
The one-level metallic particles dividing and two grades of metallic particles add in ethanol solution according to the parts by weight described in claim 1 respectively
Row wet-mixing, wherein, ethanol solution is 1-2 with the volume ratio of one-level metallic particles or two grades of metallic particles:2-4；
Step 4, the one-level metallic particles after wet-mixing and two grades of metallic particles are used 200kg vacuum induction furnace smelting respectively,
1650-1800 DEG C of smelting temperature, vacuum 1.0-1.4 × 10-1Pa, pours intoOne-level round metal bars and
Two grades of round metal bars；
Step 5, with vaccum sensitive stove argon gas atomising device by one-level round metal bars and the remeltings respectively of two grades of round metal bars, melt
Liquid flows down through leting slip a remark, and during flowing down, the liquation of the liquation of one-level round metal bars and two grades of round metal bars is stirred mixing,
Afterwards mixed liquor high pressure argon gas are atomized into mixed metal powder, wherein, pouring temperature is 160-1680 DEG C, and argon gas sprays
Blow pressure power is 1.7～1.75MPa；
Step 6, mixed metal powder sieve under argon gas protection, and granularity is 160-200 mesh, and powder is processed through electrostatic separation method
30-40min removes ceramic inclusions, 3.0 × 10-3Under the vacuum of Pa, it is heated to 320 DEG C and keeps 5-10min under vacuo will
In powder loading stainless steel sleeve, required form and size are cast into using hot isostatic pressing technique.
5. superalloy hot-work steel as claimed in claim 4 is it is characterised in that in described step 3, by additive according to body
Long-pending ratio is 4:100 are dissolved in absolute ethyl alcohol and are prepared into ethanol solution, afterwards by the one-level metallic particles of each component and two grades of metals
Particle respectively according to described in claim 1 parts by weight add ethanol solution in carry out wet-mixing, wherein, ethanol solution with
The volume ratio of one-level metallic particles or two grades of metallic particles is 1:3.
6. superalloy hot-work steel as claimed in claim 4 is it is characterised in that in described step 4, smelting temperature is 1700
DEG C, vacuum 1.0 × 10-1Pa.
7. superalloy hot-work steel as claimed in claim 4 is it is characterised in that in described step 5, pouring temperature is 1660
DEG C, argon gas jetting pressure is 1.7MPa.
8. superalloy hot-work steel as claimed in claim 4 is it is characterised in that in step 6, load powder under vacuo
In stainless steel sleeve, shake reality, sealing, steel bushing is a size ofDress silty amount is 78～81kg.
9. superalloy hot-work steel as claimed in claim 4, is characterised by, the technological parameter of HIP is 1650-1720 DEG C,
135-140MPa, 3.2-3.6h.
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| CN109351916B (en) * | 2018-07-31 | 2021-03-12 | 湖南人文科技学院 | Preparation method of high-boron alloy |
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