CN106435302B - A kind of corrosion-resistant and high-temperature resistant aluminium alloy extrusions and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of corrosion-resistant and high-temperature resistant aluminium alloy extrusions and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of corrosion-resistant and high-temperature resistant aluminium alloy extrusions and preparation method thereof, the aluminium alloy extrusions includes alloy matrix aluminum and ceramic coating, the raw material of the alloy matrix aluminum includes: Cu, Si, Fe, Cr, Mg, Mn, Zn, Ti, Li, Ni, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ca, remaining is Al；The raw material of the ceramic coating includes: 20-30 parts of TiC, 10-20 parts of Cr by weight2O3, 15-25 parts of BN, 12-20 parts of B2O3, 20-30 parts of Al2O3.Using Laser Cladding Treatment technology by ceramic powders cladding in aluminium alloy matrix surface, the aluminium alloy extrusions made has the mechanical properties such as good intensity, hardness, toughness, while also having the performances such as good corrosion-resistant and high temperature resistant, increases its service life.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of aluminum alloy technology more particularly to a kind of corrosion-resistant and high-temperature resistant aluminium alloy extrusions and its preparation sides
Method.
Background technique
Since aluminium alloy has many excellent physical and chemical performances, it is widely applied to each neck of national economy
Domain.When the surface of aluminium alloy is exposed to the atmosphere, one layer of very thin natural oxide film can be covered on its surface, but due to its table
The natural oxide film in face is easy to be corroded, and thus greatly reduces the service life of aluminum alloy materials.Therefore, it will usually to aluminium
Alloy profile is surface-treated, and existing technique for surface treatment of aluminium alloy sections has anodic oxidation, electrolytic coloring, electrophoresis to apply
Paint, powder spray, F-C paint spraying, wire drawing etc., these process of surface treatment play certain anticorrosion effect, but with
Raising of the people to the performance requirement of aluminium alloy extrusions, its corrosion resistance of existing aluminium alloy extrusions and heat-resisting quantity are still difficult to be met
Requirement of the existing building material to service life.
Summary of the invention
Technical problems based on background technology, the invention proposes a kind of corrosion-resistant and high-temperature resistant aluminium alloy extrusions and its
Preparation method, the aluminium alloy extrusions have the mechanical properties such as good intensity, hardness, toughness, while also having good corrosion resistant
The performances such as erosion and high temperature resistant, increase its service life.
A kind of corrosion-resistant and high-temperature resistant aluminium alloy extrusions proposed by the present invention comprising alloy matrix aluminum and ceramic coating, institute
It includes following component that aluminium alloy, which is stated, by mass fraction: Cu:0.45-0.7%, Si:0.16-0.21%, Fe:0.28-0.5%, Cr:
0.5-0.8%, Mg:0.85-1.1%, Mn:0.3-0.5%, Zn:0.3-0.6%, Ti:0.2-0.45%, Li:0.08-
0.25%, Ni:0.1-0.4%, Zr:0.08-0.17%, Nb:0.02-0.12%, Mo:0.04-0.09%, Ca:0.06-
0.12%, remaining is Al.
In specific embodiment, the mass fraction of Cu can also for 0.49%, 0.52%, 0.56%, 0.62%,
The mass fraction of 0.66%, Si can also for 0.17%, 0.185%, 0.195%, the mass fraction of 0.202%, Fe can be with
For 0.3%, 0.33%, 0.38%, 0.42%, the mass fraction of 0.47%, Cr can also be 0.54%, 0.58%, 0.62%,
0.69%, the mass fraction of 0.75%, Mg can also for 0.92%, 0.98%, 1.02%, the mass fraction of 1.06%, Mn also
Can be 0.35%, 0.42%, 0.46%, the mass fraction of 0.485%, Zn can also be 0.35%, 0.4%, 0.45%,
0.5%, the mass fraction of 0.55%, Ti can also for 0.25%, 0.3%, 0.35%, the mass fraction of 0.4%, Li can be with
For 0.1%, 0.13%, 0.18%, the mass fraction of 0.22%, Ni can also be 0.15%, 0.2%, 0.25%, 0.3%,
The mass fraction of 0.35%, Zr can also be 0.1%, 0.13%, the mass fraction of 0.16%, Nb can also be 0.05%,
0.07%, 0.09%, the mass fraction of 0.11%, Mo can also be the quality of 0.05%, 0.06%, 0.07%, 0.08%, Ca
Score can also be 0.08%, 0.1%, 0.11%, remaining is Al.
Preferably, the raw material of the ceramic coating is nano ceramic powder, partial size 45-65nm.
Preferably, the raw material of the ceramic coating includes: 20-30 parts of TiC, 10-20 parts of Cr by weight2O3, 15-25 parts
BN, 12-20 parts of B2O3, 20-30 parts of Al2O3。
The invention also provides a kind of preparation methods of corrosion-resistant and high-temperature resistant aluminium alloy extrusions, according to following technique system
It is standby:
S1, raw material is subjected to melting, obtains ingot casting；
S2, it is squeezed after extrusion process, then drawn aligning being carried out to ingot casting after extrusion die and ingot casting preheating processing
Casting die is again heat-treated it after then cooling to room temperature, and obtains alloy matrix aluminum；
S3, paste is made after mixing nano ceramic powder with binder, is preset at aluminium alloy base cleaned, after drying
Body surface face carries out Laser Cladding Treatment after being dried, and obtains ceramic coating, then obtain the corrosion resistant through natural aging treatment
Lose fire resistant aluminum alloy profile；Wherein, parameters are as follows in Laser Cladding Treatment: single-channel scanning, and argon gas protects laser cell, light
Spot diameter is 3-5mm, and scanning speed 2-4mm/s, power 1.4-1.9KW, cladding layer is with a thickness of 0.4-0.9mm.
Preferably, in S2, the technological parameter of the pre-heat treatment are as follows: the preheating temperature of extrusion die is 480-510 DEG C, preheating
Time is 1-1.5h, and the preheating temperature of ingot casting is 540-560 DEG C, preheating time 2-3h.
Preferably, in S2, mode that extrusion is cooled to room temperature is that water cooling, oil are one of cold or air-cooled.
Preferably, in S2, detailed process is as follows for heat treatment: extrusion is placed at 460-490 DEG C and keeps the temperature 0.7-1.2h,
It is cooled to 220-240 DEG C again, keeps the temperature 3-4h, is then cooled to 150-165 DEG C, keeps the temperature 2.5-4h, obtains aluminium after water cooling to room temperature
Alloy substrate.
Preferably, in S3, the drying process temperature postponed in advance is 125-140 DEG C.
Preferably, in S3, parameters are as follows in Laser Cladding Treatment: single-channel scanning, and argon gas protects laser cell, hot spot
Diameter is 3.5-4.5mm, and scanning speed 2.5-3.5mm/s, power 1.45-1.8KW, cladding layer is with a thickness of 0.5-0.8mm.
By the content of control Al, Cu, Mg, Zn in the present invention, the hardening constituent Al of Dispersed precipitate is formed2Cu、Al2CuMg、
MgZn2, each hardening constituent synergistic effect refined as-cast grain, improved the dislocation density and recrystallization temperature of aluminium alloy extrusions, pressed down
Recrystallization has been made, the mechanical properties such as tensile strength, yield strength, hardness, the toughness of aluminium alloy extrusions are improved；Nb,Ca,Si,
Zr, Ti, Li cooperation have the function of good deoxidation effect and refinement crystal grain, avoid intercrystalline corrosion, reduce NiO, FeO in aluminium
Content in alloy profile reduces the cracking sensitivity of aluminium alloy extrusions, improves the performance of aluminium alloy extrusions, wherein Zr, Li are raw
At hardening constituent Al3Zr、Al2CuLi, Nb, Si and Fe cooperation improve the anti-fatigue performance of aluminium alloy extrusions；Cr, Mn, Ni cooperation, into
Hardness, intensity and the corrosion resistance of one step raising aluminium alloy extrusions；During the preparation process, ingot casting and grinding tool are preheated, is prevented
The only cracking of grinding tool and ingot casting during the preparation process, carries out tension straingtening after extruding, improves the performance of aluminium alloy extrusions；In heat
By the way that temperature and time is rationally arranged in processing, the size and distribution of hardening constituent precipitation are improved, aluminium alloy extrusions is improved
Obdurability and corrosion resistance then carry out Laser Cladding Treatment to it, and nano ceramic powder used has biggish specific surface area,
It is high to laser energy absorption utilization rate, in laser cladding process, by be rationally arranged power, scanning speed, spot diameter with
Cladding layer thickness makes TiC decomposed Ti and C at high temperature, C and Al generate the dendrite Al of fine acicular4C3, while Ti has
Deoxidation effect and Grain refinement, avoid intercrystalline corrosion, improve the corrosion resistance and and alloy matrix aluminum of ceramic coating
Bond strength, Cr2O3、B2O3、Al2O3Cooperation, Dispersed precipitate is between the fine subgrain in molten aluminium alloy surface, and structure together
At cellular dendritic crystals structure, and nanoscale Cr2O3、B2O3、Al2O3Dispersion-strengtherning and refined crystalline strengthening are also acted as in aluminum alloy surface
Effect, improve the institutional framework of cladding layer, make it have good intensity, hardness and shock resistance, nano ceramic powder
In TiC, Cr2O3、BN、B2O3、Al2O3By being fitted to each other, solution strengthening effect is played, the mechanics of aluminium alloy extrusions is improved
Performance, corrosion resistance, wearability and heat-resisting quantity, while ceramic coating and alloy matrix aluminum have biggish bond strength, no
It is easy to wear to fall off.Corrosion-resistant and high-temperature resistant aluminium alloy extrusions proposed by the present invention, by ceramic powders laser melting coating in alloy matrix aluminum
Surface, the aluminium alloy extrusions made have the mechanical properties such as good intensity, hardness, toughness, while also having good resistance to
The performances such as corrosion and high temperature resistant, increase its service life.
Specific embodiment
In the following, technical solution of the present invention is described in detail by specific embodiment.
Embodiment 1
A kind of corrosion-resistant and high-temperature resistant aluminium alloy extrusions proposed by the present invention comprising alloy matrix aluminum and ceramic coating, institute
It includes following component that aluminium alloy, which is stated, by mass fraction: Cu:0.45%, Si:0.21%, Fe:0.28%, Cr:0.8%, Mg:
0.85%, Mn:0.5%, Zn:0.3%, Ti:0.45%, Li:0.08%, Ni:0.4%, Zr:0.08%, Nb:0.12%, Mo:
0.04%, Ca:0.12%, remaining is Al.
Wherein, the raw material of the ceramic coating is nano ceramic powder, and raw material includes: 20 parts of TiC, 20 parts by weight
Cr2O3, 15 parts of BN, 20 parts of B2O3, 20 parts of Al2O3。
The invention also provides a kind of preparation methods of corrosion-resistant and high-temperature resistant aluminium alloy extrusions, according to following technique system
It is standby:
S1, raw material is subjected to melting, obtains ingot casting；
S2, it is squeezed after extrusion process, then drawn aligning being carried out to ingot casting after extrusion die and ingot casting preheating processing
Casting die is again heat-treated it after then cooling to room temperature, and obtains alloy matrix aluminum；
S3, paste is made after mixing nano ceramic powder with binder, is preset at aluminium alloy base cleaned, after drying
Body surface face carries out Laser Cladding Treatment after being dried, and obtains ceramic coating, then obtain the corrosion resistant through natural aging treatment
Lose fire resistant aluminum alloy profile；Wherein, parameters are as follows in Laser Cladding Treatment: single-channel scanning, and argon gas protects laser cell, light
Spot diameter is 3mm, and scanning speed 2mm/s, power 1.4KW, cladding layer is with a thickness of 0.9mm.
Embodiment 2
A kind of corrosion-resistant and high-temperature resistant aluminium alloy extrusions proposed by the present invention comprising alloy matrix aluminum and ceramic coating, institute
It includes following component that aluminium alloy, which is stated, by mass fraction: Cu:0.7%, Si:0.16%, Fe:0.5%, Cr:0.5%, Mg:1.1%,
Mn:0.3%, Zn:0.6%, Ti:0.2%, Li:0.25%, Ni:0.1%, Zr:0.17%, Nb:0.02%, Mo:0.09%,
Ca:0.06%, remaining is Al.
Wherein, the raw material of the ceramic coating is nano ceramic powder, partial size 45nm, the raw material of nano ceramic powder
It by weight include: 30 parts of TiC, 10 parts of Cr2O3, 25 parts of BN, 12 parts of B2O3, 30 parts of Al2O3。
The invention also provides a kind of preparation methods of corrosion-resistant and high-temperature resistant aluminium alloy extrusions, according to following technique system
It is standby:
S1, raw material is subjected to melting, obtains ingot casting；
S2, it is squeezed after extrusion process, then drawn aligning being carried out to ingot casting after extrusion die and ingot casting preheating processing
Casting die is again heat-treated it after then cooling to room temperature, and obtains alloy matrix aluminum；
S3, paste is made after mixing nano ceramic powder with binder, is preset at aluminium alloy base cleaned, after drying
Body surface face carries out Laser Cladding Treatment after being dried, and obtains ceramic coating, then obtain the corrosion resistant through natural aging treatment
Lose fire resistant aluminum alloy profile；Wherein, parameters are as follows in Laser Cladding Treatment: single-channel scanning, and argon gas protects laser cell, light
Spot diameter is 5mm, and scanning speed 4mm/s, power 1.9KW, cladding layer is with a thickness of 0.4mm.
Embodiment 3
A kind of corrosion-resistant and high-temperature resistant aluminium alloy extrusions proposed by the present invention comprising alloy matrix aluminum and ceramic coating, institute
It includes following component that aluminium alloy, which is stated, by mass fraction: Cu:0.58%, Si:0.19%, Fe:0.41%, Cr:0.66%, Mg:
0.95%, Mn:0.42%, Zn:0.44%, Ti:0.32%, Li:0.15%, Ni:0.27%, Zr:0.12%, Nb:0.08%,
Mo:0.07%, Ca:0.09%, remaining is Al.
Wherein, the raw material of the ceramic coating is nano ceramic powder, partial size 55nm, the raw material of nano ceramic powder
By weight include: 25 parts of TiC:, 15 parts of Cr2O3:, 20 parts of BN:, 16 parts of B2O3, 25 parts of Al2O3。
The invention also provides a kind of preparation methods of corrosion-resistant and high-temperature resistant aluminium alloy extrusions, according to following technique system
It is standby:
S1, raw material is subjected to melting, obtains ingot casting；
S2, extrusion die and ingot casting preheating are handled, wherein the technological parameter of the pre-heat treatment are as follows: the preheating of extrusion die
Temperature is 490 DEG C, preheating time 1.25h, and the preheating temperature of ingot casting is 550 DEG C, preheating time 2.5h；Then to ingot casting into
Extrusion is obtained after row extrusion process, then drawn aligning, is then air-cooled to room temperature, then extrusion is placed at 480 DEG C and is kept the temperature
1h, then 230 DEG C are cooled to, 3.5h is kept the temperature, is then cooled to 160 DEG C, 3.5h is kept the temperature, obtains aluminium alloy base after water cooling to room temperature
Body；
S3, paste is made after mixing nano ceramic powder with binder, is preset at aluminium alloy base cleaned, after drying
Body surface face carries out Laser Cladding Treatment after being dried at 132 DEG C, obtains ceramic coating, then obtain through natural aging treatment
The corrosion-resistant and high-temperature resistant aluminium alloy extrusions；Wherein, parameters are as follows in Laser Cladding Treatment: single-channel scanning, argon gas protection
Laser cell, spot diameter 4.5mm, scanning speed 2.4mm/s, power 1.7KW, cladding layer is with a thickness of 0.6mm.
Embodiment 4
A kind of corrosion-resistant and high-temperature resistant aluminium alloy extrusions proposed by the present invention comprising alloy matrix aluminum and ceramic coating, institute
It includes following component that aluminium alloy, which is stated, by mass fraction: Cu:0.55%, Si:0.202%, Fe:0.34%, Cr:0.72%, Mg:
0.92%, Mn:0.46%, Zn:0.35%, Ti:0.4%, Li:0.12%, Ni:0.35%, Zr:0.11%, Nb:0.09%,
Mo:0.05%, Ca:0.11%, remaining is Al.
Wherein, the raw material of the ceramic coating is nano ceramic powder, partial size 65nm, the raw material of nano ceramic powder
It by weight include: 22 parts of TiC, 18 parts of Cr2O3, 18 parts of BN, 18 parts of B2O3, 22 parts of Al2O3。
The invention also provides a kind of preparation methods of corrosion-resistant and high-temperature resistant aluminium alloy extrusions, according to following technique system
It is standby:
S1, raw material is subjected to melting, obtains ingot casting；
S2, extrusion die and ingot casting preheating are handled, wherein the technological parameter of the pre-heat treatment are as follows: the preheating of extrusion die
Temperature is 480 DEG C, preheating time 1.5h, and the preheating temperature of ingot casting is 540 DEG C, preheating time 3h；Then ingot casting is carried out
Extrusion is obtained after extrusion process, then drawn aligning, then water cooling to room temperature, then extrusion is placed at 460 DEG C and is kept the temperature
1.2h, then 220 DEG C are cooled to, 4h is kept the temperature, is then cooled to 150 DEG C, 4h is kept the temperature, obtains alloy matrix aluminum after water cooling to room temperature；
S3, paste is made after mixing nano ceramic powder with binder, is preset at aluminium alloy base cleaned, after drying
Body surface face carries out Laser Cladding Treatment after being dried at 125 DEG C, obtains ceramic coating, then obtain through natural aging treatment
The corrosion-resistant and high-temperature resistant aluminium alloy extrusions；Wherein, parameters are as follows in Laser Cladding Treatment: single-channel scanning, argon gas protection
Laser cell, spot diameter 3.5mm, scanning speed 2.5mm/s, power 1.45KW, cladding layer is with a thickness of 0.5mm.
Embodiment 5
A kind of corrosion-resistant and high-temperature resistant aluminium alloy extrusions proposed by the present invention comprising alloy matrix aluminum and ceramic coating, institute
It includes following component that aluminium alloy, which is stated, by mass fraction: Cu:0.65%, Si:0.175%, Fe:0.45%, Cr:0.62%, Mg:
0.1%, Mn:0.35%, Zn:0.56%, Ti:0.25%, Li:0.22%, Ni:0.15%, Zr:0.12%, Nb:0.07%,
Mo:0.08%, Ca:0.08%, remaining is Al.
Wherein, the raw material of the ceramic coating is nano ceramic powder, partial size 60nm, the raw material of nano ceramic powder
It by weight include: 28 parts of TiC, 14 parts of Cr2O3, 22 parts of BN, 14 parts of B2O3, 27 parts of Al2O3。
The invention also provides a kind of preparation methods of corrosion-resistant and high-temperature resistant aluminium alloy extrusions, according to following technique system
It is standby:
S1, raw material is subjected to melting, obtains ingot casting；
S2, extrusion die and ingot casting preheating are handled, wherein the technological parameter of the pre-heat treatment are as follows: the preheating of extrusion die
Temperature is 510 DEG C, preheating time 1h, and the preheating temperature of ingot casting is 560 DEG C, preheating time 2h；Then ingot casting is squeezed
Extrusion is obtained after pressure processing, then drawn aligning, is then air-cooled to room temperature, then extrusion is placed at 490 DEG C and keeps the temperature 0.7h,
It is cooled to 240 DEG C again, keeps the temperature 3h, is then cooled to 165 DEG C, keeps the temperature 2.5h, oil obtains alloy matrix aluminum after being cooled to room temperature；
S3, paste is made after mixing nano ceramic powder with binder, is preset at aluminium alloy base cleaned, after drying
Body surface face carries out Laser Cladding Treatment after being dried at 140 DEG C, obtains ceramic coating, then obtain through natural aging treatment
The corrosion-resistant and high-temperature resistant aluminium alloy extrusions；Wherein, parameters are as follows in Laser Cladding Treatment: single-channel scanning, argon gas protection
Laser cell, spot diameter 4.5mm, scanning speed 3.5mm/s, power 1.75KW, cladding layer is with a thickness of 0.8mm.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto,
Anyone skilled in the art in the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, according to the technique and scheme of the present invention and its
Inventive concept is subject to equivalent substitution or change, should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of corrosion-resistant and high-temperature resistant aluminium alloy extrusions, which is characterized in that it includes alloy matrix aluminum and ceramic coating, the aluminium
Alloy includes following component by mass fraction: Cu:0.45-0.49%, Si:0.16-0.21%, Fe:0.28-0.5%, Cr:
0.5-0.8%, Mg:0.85-1.1%, Mn:0.3-0.5%, Zn:0.5-0.6%, Ti:0.2-0.45%, Li:0.08-
0.25%, Ni:0.1-0.4%, Zr:0.08-0.17%, Nb:0.02-0.12%, Mo:0.04-0.09%, Ca:0.06-
0.12%, remaining is Al；
The raw material of the ceramic coating includes: 20-30 parts of TiC, 10-20 parts of Cr by weight2O3, 15-25 parts BN, 12-20 parts
B2O3, 20-30 parts of Al2O3；
The raw material of the ceramic coating is nano ceramic powder, partial size 45-65nm.
2. a kind of preparation method of corrosion-resistant and high-temperature resistant aluminium alloy extrusions as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that according to following
It is prepared by technique:
S1, raw material is subjected to melting, obtains ingot casting；
S2, extrusion is obtained after extrusion process, then drawn aligning being carried out to ingot casting after extrusion die and ingot casting preheating processing,
It is heat-treated again after then cooling to room temperature, obtains alloy matrix aluminum；
S3, paste is made after mixing nano ceramic powder with binder, is preset at alloy matrix aluminum table cleaned, after drying
Face carries out Laser Cladding Treatment after being dried, and obtains ceramic coating, then obtains through natural aging treatment described corrosion-resistant resistance to
High temperature aluminium alloys profile；Wherein, parameters are as follows in Laser Cladding Treatment: single-channel scanning, and argon gas protects laser cell, and hot spot is straight
Diameter is 3-5mm, and scanning speed 2-4mm/s, power 1.4-1.9kW, cladding layer is with a thickness of 0.4-0.9mm.
3. the preparation method of corrosion-resistant and high-temperature resistant aluminium alloy extrusions according to claim 2, which is characterized in that in S2, in advance
Process of thermal treatment parameter are as follows: the preheating temperature of extrusion die is 480-510 DEG C, preheating time 1-1.5h, the preheating of ingot casting
Temperature is 540-560 DEG C, preheating time 2-3h.
4. the preparation method of corrosion-resistant and high-temperature resistant aluminium alloy extrusions according to claim 2, which is characterized in that, will in S2
The mode that extrusion is cooled to room temperature is that water cooling, oil are cold or one of air-cooled.
5. the preparation method of corrosion-resistant and high-temperature resistant aluminium alloy extrusions according to claim 2, which is characterized in that in S2, heat
Detailed process is as follows for processing: extrusion being placed at 460-490 DEG C and keeps the temperature 0.7-1.2h, then is cooled to 220-240 DEG C, keeps the temperature 3-
Then 4h is cooled to 150-165 DEG C, keep the temperature 2.5-4h, obtain alloy matrix aluminum after water cooling to room temperature.
6. the preparation method of corrosion-resistant and high-temperature resistant aluminium alloy extrusions according to claim 2, which is characterized in that in S3, in advance
The drying process temperature postponed is 125-140 DEG C.
7. the preparation method of corrosion-resistant and high-temperature resistant aluminium alloy extrusions according to claim 2, which is characterized in that in S3, swash
Parameters are as follows in light cladding processing: single-channel scanning, argon gas protect laser cell, spot diameter 3.5-4.5mm, scanning speed
For 2.5-3.5mm/s, power 1.45-1.8kW, cladding layer is with a thickness of 0.5-0.8mm.
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