CN106424726A - Method for laser forming for uniformly-variable-width parts - Google Patents

Method for laser forming for uniformly-variable-width parts Download PDF

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CN106424726A
CN106424726A CN201610861588.9A CN201610861588A CN106424726A CN 106424726 A CN106424726 A CN 106424726A CN 201610861588 A CN201610861588 A CN 201610861588A CN 106424726 A CN106424726 A CN 106424726A
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layer
cladding layer
segment
cladding
laser
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CN106424726B (en
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石拓
卢秉恒
魏正英
鹿霖
傅戈雁
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Suzhou University
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Suzhou University
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/50—Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads
    • B22F12/53—Nozzles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/90—Means for process control, e.g. cameras or sensors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/34—Laser welding for purposes other than joining
    • B23K26/342—Build-up welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for laser forming for uniformly-variable-width parts, and belongs to the fields of laser cladding and 3D forming. The method for laser forming for the uniformly-variable-width parts comprises the following steps: layering and setting a single-channel path plan of each layer; segmenting a cladding layer of each layer and determining a spot diameter and a reference defocusing amount of each small segment according to the width of the cladding layer of the small segment; measuring and calculating the difference between an actual stacking height and an ideal stacking height of each small segment of each layer during a forming process; and correcting a scanning speed of the cladding layer of the next layer through calculation, thus realizing closed-loop control for a width of the cladding layer. The continuously-variable-width parts can be accurately and directly formed through adopting the method for laser forming for the uniformly-variable-width parts, formation for characteristic parts such as variable-width impellers and blades is completed, and invariable heights of the parts are kept, thus the complexity of laser 3D forming for the parts is greatly improved, and the forming efficiency is greatly increased. The method is suitable for laser synchronous powder/wire feeding cladding and 3D forming.

Description

Laser forming uniformly broadens the method for part
Technical field
A kind of method of part the present invention relates to laser forming uniformly broadens, belongs to laser melting coating and 3D molding field.
Background technology
Laser metal 3D forming technique is based on laser melting and coating technique and Rapid Prototyping technique.General drive by motion is swashed Light cladding shower nozzle, with laser as thermal source, synchronous transport metal dust/silk material, form molten bath fast quickly cooling in matrix rapid melting But shape, after cooling, the direction of motion with molten bath forms the cladding layer of one fixed width, height.By 3-dimensional CAD model hierarchy slicing, Cladding layer level is overlapped to form face using above-mentioned manufacturing process by programming movement path, then becomes entity in vertical direction layer upon layer. It has no mould, curring time is short, formable functionally gradient material (FGM), forming dimension are unrestricted, interlayer be metallurgical binding, micro- group The advantages of knit even compact.
Under certain technological parameter, the width of cladding layer and height are basic determinations.Whether the single track of cladding layer, Lap joint process, is also based on the slicing delamination of 3D printing technique, the cladding layer height of monolayer is typically all consistent.However, being permitted The parts in the fields such as many Aeronautics and Astronautics, military affairs, ship complex-shaped, the structure that wherein broadens account for greatly, typical case Section broaden structure such as impeller blade.Conventional synchronization powder feeding/wire feed laser cladding forming broadens part using multi-track overlapping side Method.This method path planning is more complicated, and because cladding layer has one fixed width, the surface size precision of drip molding is often difficult To ensure, multi-track overlapping forming efficiency is low, and has generation hole, the probability of crackle.
Chinese patent application the 201310174650.3rd discloses a kind of Laser Direct Deposition method of not wide component, It, by continuously changing, in same road, the method that cladding shower nozzle defocusing amount changes spot size, realizes the continuous change of drip molding Wide.Need real-time change yet with parameters such as the defocusing amount in different in width, laser power, scanning speeds, this cladding layer Height everywhere can be completely inconsistent.In order to solve the highly consistent sex chromosome mosaicism during broadening, Chinese patent application No. 201510270345.3 disclose a kind of method improving the laser change not wide component precision of speckle direct forming, and it is according to experiment Record the section width of single track cladding layer under the conditions of different technical parameters, high data, simulate technological parameter high with true reactor Functional relationship.Cladding layer is divided into some segments, each segment adopts different combination of process parameters.The method is that one kind is opened The method that ring highly controls, it is possible to achieve " broaden and do not uprise ".But previous experiments task is very heavy, in different powder/silks Material material, the technological parameter function model under different technology conditions can change, and data volume is huge, is difficult between segment On all four contour it is impossible to realize any materials, arbitrarily under the conditions of automatically stack process.
Content of the invention
A kind of method of part it is an object of the invention to provide laser forming uniformly broadens, it automatic forming can go out width Continually varying part, keeps the height of part constant simultaneously, eliminates inclined-plane " step effect ", improve laser 3D formation of parts Complexity and forming efficiency are it is ensured that forming quality.
For reaching above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides following technical scheme：A kind of laser forming uniformly broadens the method for part, Including：
S1：The CAD model of not wide part is carried out slicing delamination to form some cladding layers, the upper table of every layer of cladding layer Face is parallel with lower surface, the width of every layer of cladding layer；Set spot width scope, by spot width model in every layer of cladding layer The cladding layer enclosing interior change adopts single track path planning；
S2：In every layer of cladding layer, along the filling direction of this cladding layer, this cladding layer is divided into multiple segments；In CAD In the short transverse of model layers, each segment in described i-th layer of cladding layer is existed with each segment in i+1 layer cladding layer Position in short transverse is identical, and wherein, i is more than or equal to 1；
S3：The spot diameter of this segment is determined and with reference to defocusing amount according to the cladding layer width of each segment；
S4：Determine that the preferable heap of every layer of cladding layer is high, the facula area according to each segment is determining the laser work(of this section Rate, makes the power density of every segment constant, then piles up every layer of cladding layer；In every layer of cladding layer, surveyed by floor height sensor The true reactor of each segment in every layer of cladding layer of amount is high, and measured data Real-time Feedback to host computer；
S5：In i-th layer of cladding layer, calculate the high difference of the high preferable heap with this segment of true reactor of each segment, In the accumulation of i+1 layer cladding layer, according to the sweeping of difference correction i+1 layer cladding layer of i-th layer of cladding layer obtained by calculating Retouch speed；
S6：Repeat step S4～S5, until whole part forming.
Further：In described step S3, by changing the z-axis position of cladding shower nozzle or passing through to change collimating mirror position Put adjustment spot diameter and with reference to defocusing amount.
Further：In described step S5, adopt the correction carrying out " scanning speed " with the following method：If calculating i-th layer The high difference high with true reactor of certain a bit of preferable heap in cladding layer is negative, then accelerate little with this in i+1 layer cladding layer The scanning speed of the corresponding segment in the short transverse of CAD model layering of section, if calculate a certain little in i-th layer of cladding layer The high true reactor of preferable heap of section high and difference be layered in CAD model with this segment in i+1 layer cladding layer for just, then slowing down The scanning speed of corresponding segment in short transverse.
Further：In described step S5, equation below 1 or formula 2 are applied in all segments to complete " scanning The correction of speed ",
Formula 1：vk i+1=vk i–ck i(hri-hk i), wherein, hri-hk iIt is little with kth in i-th layer of cladding layer ideal high hr of heap The section high h of true reactorkDifference, wherein k be more than or equal to 1；I is current layer number；CiFor the control parameter matrix of i-th layer of cladding layer, Its cornerwise element is Ci=[c1 i, c2 i..., ck i..., cn i]；ViFor often a bit of scanning speed；Work as Vi+1During convergence, (Hri-Hi) in each element trend towards 0；
Formula 2：vk i+1=vk i·ck i(hk i/hri), wherein, hk i/hriIt is kth segment true reactor in i-th layer of cladding layer High hkHr high with preferable heap and ratio, wherein k be more than or equal to 1；I is the number of plies；CiControl parameter square for i-th layer of cladding layer Battle array, its cornerwise element is Ci=[c1 i, c2 i..., ck i..., cn i]；ViFor often a bit of scanning speed；Work as Vi+1Convergence When, Hi/HriIn each element trend towards 1.
Further：Using fuzzy control method or neural net method training and optimization C matrix, make Vi+1Each unit Plain Fast Convergent.
Further：In described step S5, when the preferable heap of each segment is high high with true reactor basically identical, formed The scanning speed vector V optimizingoptAnd/or the control Matrix C optimizingopt；When upper once identical parts shape using scanning speed The vectorial V of degreeoptAnd/or the control Matrix C optimizingoptAs initial value.
Further：In the method that laser forming uniformly broadens part, realize piling up using laser melting coating shower nozzle.
Further：Using the height absolute deviation of every layer of cladding layer as compensation dosage, the Z axis adjusting laser melting coating shower nozzle carry Rising amount, adjusts defocusing amount so that its holding is constant, wherein, the described height absolute deviation of every layer of cladding layer is in this cladding layer Arbitrary segment ideal heap high difference high with the true reactor of this segment.
Further：In described step S2, the equal length of each the described segment in every layer of cladding layer.
Further：In described step S2, the length setting scope of each the described segment in every layer of cladding layer is 0.1mm～1mm.
The beneficial effects of the present invention is：The laser forming of the present invention uniformly broaden part method pass through using layering and The single track path planning of every layer of setting, and determine this segment by every layer of cladding layer segmentation and according to the cladding layer width of each segment Spot diameter and the high difference high with ideal heap of true reactor with reference to defocusing amount, then measuring each segment in every layer of cladding layer Value, by the scanning speed of result of calculation next layer of cladding layer of correction it is achieved that the closed loop control of cladding layer width, thus pass through The part continuously broadening accurately direct forming can be gone out using uniformly the broaden method of part of this laser forming, complete the impeller leaf that broadens The shaping of the feature parts such as piece, keeps the height of part constant simultaneously, greatly improves the complexity of laser 3D formation of parts And forming efficiency.It is applied to laser synchronization powder feeding/wire feeding cladding 3D to shape.
Compared with prior art, the method eliminates substantial amounts of early stage cladding layer orthogonal test, can save the plenty of time and Cost, and forming process is automatically finished, technological parameter can carry out self adaptation and correction according to the data of layer sensor feedback, no Need manual intervention.Compared with prior art, by this laser forming uniformly broaden part method shape parts size precision, Surface smoothness is higher.
Described above is only the general introduction of technical solution of the present invention, in order to better understand the technological means of the present invention, And can be practiced according to the content of description, below with presently preferred embodiments of the present invention and coordinate accompanying drawing describe in detail as after.
Brief description
Fig. 1 is based on the schematic diagram becoming the speckle not wide cladding layer of shaping becoming cladding shower nozzle Z axis lifting capacity；
Fig. 2 divides after segment for cladding layer, the width (w of each segment in the forming process that broadens1～wn) measure with layer sensor Height (h1～hn) schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is adjacent three sections of true reactor height (hk-1, hk, hk+1) and the preferable high h of heaprComparison diagram.
Specific embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail.Hereinafter implement Example is used for the present invention is described, but is not limited to the scope of the present invention.
A kind of uniformly the broaden method of part of laser forming shown in a preferred embodiment of the present invention includes step S1 to S6. In the method that this laser forming uniformly broadens part, realize piling up (referring to Fig. 1) using laser melting coating shower nozzle 10.
S1：The CAD model of not wide part is carried out slicing delamination to form some cladding layers, the upper table of every layer of cladding layer Face is parallel with lower surface, the width of every layer of cladding layer；Set spot width scope, by spot width model in every layer of cladding layer The cladding layer enclosing interior change adopts single track path planning.Cladding layer 20 as shown in Figure 1, the upper surface 21 of this cladding layer 20 and under Surface 22 is parallel, width, and it gradually broadens from side to opposite side.
S2：In every layer of cladding layer, along the filling direction of this cladding layer, this cladding layer is divided into multiple segments.At this In embodiment, each segment in every layer of cladding layer is all isometric, such as Fig. 2, and the length of each segment is s, really, every layer of cladding Each segment in layer can be with Length discrepancy.By by isometric for segment division, realizing consecutive variations, contribute to adopting in subsequent step S4 With floor height sensor, all segments are scanned and are easy to the calculating of step S5.In the present embodiment, the length of each segment Setting scope is 0.1mm～1mm, and the purpose that the span of each segment is set to 0.1mm～1mm is：When segment Length is less, and resolution during its scanning is better, and the shape being scanned formation is more continuous, is easy to the calculating in subsequent step S5； If being more than 1mm, causing the sidewall surfaces resolution shaping low, forming certain " step effect "；If being less than 0.1mm, used Length span be close to or smaller than floor height sensor sampling period it is not necessary that, make system-computed amount excessive simultaneously；? In the short transverse of CAD model layering, each in each segment in described i-th layer of cladding layer and i+1 layer cladding layer is little Section position in the height direction is identical, and wherein, i is more than or equal to 1.
S3：Incorporated by reference to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, in FIG, aj,akIt is respectively jth, the laser defocusing amount of k segment, dj,dkIt is respectively Jth, the spot diameter of k segment.Cladding layer width w according to each segmentkDetermine the spot diameter d of this segmentkAnd with reference to out of focus Amount ak, wherein, spot diameter dkFor cladding layer width wkMajor influence factors, therefore, wk≈dk.In this step, can pass through Change the z-axis position of cladding shower nozzle or position adjustment spot diameter and the reference out of focus by changing collimating mirror (not shown) Amount, to change spot diameter dkAnd with reference to defocusing amount ak.
S4：Determine the high hr of preferable heap of all segments in every layer of cladding layer, wherein, the reason of all segments in every layer of cladding layer Think that heap height is equal, the high hr of preferable heap represents, such as i-th layer of a height of hr of preferable heapi, a height of Hr of preferable heap of all segmentsi= [hri, hri..., hri..., hri].The high hr of preferable heap of all segmentsiUnanimously, such that it is able to make cladding layer formed thereby keep Contour.Facula area A according to each segmentkTo determine laser power P of this sectionk, make the power density of every segment constant.? In Process of Powder Feeding Laser Cladding, if powder sending quantity can quick response, powder feeding can be determined according to the facula area size of each segment Amount；In wire feed formula laser melting coating, silk feeding quantity can be determined according to the facula area size of each segment.Then, pile up every layer Cladding layer；In every layer of cladding layer, the true reactor measuring each segment in every layer of cladding layer by floor height sensor is high, and handle Measured data Real-time Feedback is to host computer.During piling up each layer of cladding layer, the scanning speed of every section of setting For V=[v1, v2..., vk..., vn], different according to the width of every segment, the element of the vectorial V of setting is piling up the first of ground floor Initial value V1For arithmetic progression, to determine according to process experiences, substantially：The cladding layer piled up is narrower, and setting scanning speed is got over Hurry up；The cladding layer piled up is wider, and setting scanning speed is slower.And when piling up ground floor, due to the laser scanning of each segment Speed all differs, therefore to determine generally according to process experiences, substantially：The cladding layer piled up is narrower, arranges scanning speed Faster；The cladding layer piled up is wider, and setting scanning speed is slower, makes to enter the laser energy in molten bath at width and powder/silk amount is more, Cladding layer broadens.
S5：Incorporated by reference to Fig. 3, in i-th layer of cladding layer, the high preferable heap with this segment of true reactor calculating each segment is high Difference, be this segment accumulation height tolerance, this height tolerance can be height absolute deviation or height relative deviation.? In the accumulation of i+1 layer cladding layer, according to the sweeping of difference correction i+1 layer cladding layer of i-th layer of cladding layer obtained by calculating Retouch speed.
S6：Repeat step S4～S5, until whole part forming.In this step, after continuous repetition S3～S4, if the After dried layer, if the preferable heap height of each segment in this dried layer cladding layer will be basically identical with true reactor height, now each is little Duan Douke optimized after scanning speed, cladding process can kept stable, so far, cladding layer pattern tends to be steady, and disappears Except up-and-down phenomenon, continue to pile up up to whole part forming.As：When the preferable heap of each segment is high high with true reactor When basically identical, form the scanning speed vector V optimizingoptAnd/or the control Matrix C optimizingopt；Become in upper once identical parts This scanning speed vector V can directly be used from beginning during shapeoptAnd/or the control Matrix C optimizingoptAs initial value.
In described step S5, the correction carrying out " scanning speed " with the following method can be adopted：If calculating in i-th layer of cladding layer The high difference high with true reactor of certain a bit of preferable heap be negative, then in quickening i+1 layer cladding layer with this segment in CAD mould The scanning speed of corresponding segment in the short transverse of type layering, if calculate certain a bit of ideal in i-th layer of cladding layer The high difference high with true reactor of heap is just, then slow down the short transverse being layered in CAD model in i+1 layer cladding layer with this segment The scanning speed of upper corresponding segment.That is, one of purpose of this step S5 is to revise the difference of last layer cladding layer, to subtract Little accumulation error.
Each segment specifically can be modified using computing formula, such as：In described step S5, by computing formula 1 or Computing formula 2 is applied in all segments to complete the correction of " scanning speed ".
This computing formula 1 is：vk i+1=vk i–ck i(hri-hk i), wherein, hri-hk iIt is the ideal in i-th layer of cladding layer The high hr of the heap and high h of true reactor of certain a bit of (kth segment, this k is more than or equal to 1)kDifference, hri-hk iPile up for this segment Height absolute deviation；I is the number of plies；CiFor the control parameter matrix of i-th layer of cladding layer, its cornerwise element is Ci=[c1 i, c2 i..., ck i..., cn i], this CiCalculated by the i-th -1 layer of parameter, wherein initial value C1For empirical value, ViFor this cladding Often a bit of scanning speed in layer；Work as Vi+1During convergence, (Hri-Hi) in each element trend towards 0, this Hri-HiMolten for i-th layer The height absolute deviation matrix of all segments in coating.Fuzzy control method or nerve net can be adopted in this computing formula 1 The training of network method and optimization C matrix, make Vi+1Each element Fast Convergent.
The derivation of this computing formula 1 is as follows：
Calculate the height absolute deviation of the every segment in i-th layer of cladding layer, described height absolute deviation is in i-th layer of cladding The high hr of preferable heap of segment in the layer and high h of true reactor of this segmentkDifference hri-hk i；
In the accumulation of i+1 layer cladding layer, according to obtained often a bit of height absolute deviation, by formula vk i +1=vk i–ck i(hri-hk i) to corresponding little in the short transverse that CAD model is layered with this segment in i+1 layer cladding layer The laser scanning speed of section is modified, wherein, ck iFor the control parameter of segment in i-th layer of cladding layer, the scanning speed of every segment Spend for V=[v1, v2..., vk..., vn], different according to the height of every segment, the element of the vectorial V of setting melts in accumulation ground floor The initial value V of coating1For arithmetic progression.
This computing formula 1 can be write as vector form expression：Vi+1=Vi-Ci(Hri-Hi)T.
Computing formula 2：vk i+1=vk i·ck i(hk i/hri), wherein hk i/hriBe in i-th layer of cladding layer certain a bit of ( K segment, this k be more than or equal to 1) the high h of true reactorkThe ratio of hr high with preferable heap, hk i/hriThe height piled up for this segment Relative deviation, i is the number of plies, CiFor the control parameter matrix of i-th layer of cladding layer, its cornerwise element is Ci=[c1 i, c2 i..., ck i..., cn i], this CiCalculated by the i-th -1 layer of parameter, wherein initial value C1For empirical value, ViSweep for often a bit of Retouch speed；Work as Vi+1During convergence, Hi/HriIn each element trend towards 1, this Hi/HriHeight for all segments in i-th layer of cladding layer Degree relative deviation matrix.Using fuzzy control method or neural net method training and C square can be optimized in this computing formula 2 Battle array, makes Vi+1Each element Fast Convergent.
The derivation of described computing formula 2 is as follows：
The height relative deviation of the every segment of computed in software, described height relative deviation be i-th layer the high hr of preferable heap with The high h of true reactorkRatio hk i/hri；
In the accumulation of i+1 layer, according to height relative deviation, by formula vk i+1=vk i·ck i(hk i/hri) to i-th+ In 1 layer of cladding layer, the laser scanning speed of the segment corresponding in the short transverse that CAD model is layered with this segment is repaiied Just, wherein, ck iFor the control parameter of segment in i-th layer of cladding layer, every section of scanning speed is V=[v1, v2..., vk..., vn], different according to the height of every segment, the element of the vectorial V of setting is in the initial value V piling up ground floor1For arithmetic progression.
This computing formula 2 can be write as vector form expression：Vi+1=ViCi(Hi/Hri)T.
In described step S5, when laser melting coating shower nozzle is when piling up i+1 layer cladding layer, rotation one makes this laser melt Cover the laser axis direction of the shower nozzle angle vertical with machined surface.
In the present embodiment, the height absolute deviation of every layer of cladding layer is adjusted the Z of laser melting coating shower nozzle as compensation dosage Axle lifting capacity, adjusts defocusing amount so that its holding is constant, and wherein, the described height absolute deviation of every layer of cladding layer is this cladding layer In the high difference of the high true reactor with this segment of arbitrary segment ideal heap.
In sum：Uniformly the broaden method of part of above-mentioned laser forming is passed through using layering and every layer of single track road of setting Footpath is planned, and determines spot diameter and the reference of this segment by every layer of cladding layer segmentation and according to the cladding layer width of each segment Defocusing amount, then measures and calculates the high difference of the high preferable heap with this segment of true reactor of each segment in every layer of cladding layer Value, by calculating the scanning speed revising next layer of cladding layer it is achieved that the closed loop control of cladding layer width, thus by adopting Uniformly the broaden method of part of this laser forming accurately direct forming can go out the part continuously broadening, and completes the impeller blade etc. that broadens The shaping of feature parts, keeps the height of part constant simultaneously, greatly improves the complexity of laser 3D formation of parts and become Shape efficiency.It is applied to laser synchronization powder feeding/wire feeding cladding 3D to shape.
Compared with prior art, the method eliminates substantial amounts of early stage cladding layer orthogonal test, can save the plenty of time and Cost, and forming process is automatically finished, technological parameter can carry out self adaptation and correction according to the data of layer sensor feedback, no Need manual intervention.Compared with prior art, by this laser forming uniformly broaden part method shape parts size precision, Surface smoothness is higher, meanwhile, for the CAD section of the part that broadens in any part, path planning and automatization's direct forming Technique provides rationale and method.
Each technical characteristic of embodiment described above can arbitrarily be combined, for making description succinct, not to above-mentioned reality The all possible combination of each technical characteristic applied in example is all described, as long as however, the combination of these technical characteristics is not deposited In contradiction, all it is considered to be the scope of this specification record.
Embodiment described above only have expressed the several embodiments of the present invention, and its description is more concrete and detailed, but simultaneously Can not therefore be construed as limiting the scope of the patent.It should be pointed out that coming for those of ordinary skill in the art Say, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, some deformation can also be made and improve, these broadly fall into the protection of the present invention Scope.Therefore, the protection domain of patent of the present invention should be defined by claims.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of laser forming uniformly broaden part method it is characterised in that include：
S1：The CAD model of not wide part is carried out slicing delamination to form some cladding layers, the upper surface of every layer of cladding layer and Lower surface is parallel, the width of every layer of cladding layer；Set spot width scope, in the range of spot width in every layer of cladding layer The cladding layer of change adopts single track path planning；
S2：In every layer of cladding layer, along the filling direction of this cladding layer, this cladding layer is divided into multiple segments；In CAD model In the short transverse of layering, each segment in described i-th layer of cladding layer and each segment in i+1 layer cladding layer are in height Position on direction is identical, and wherein, i is more than or equal to 1；
S3：The spot diameter of this segment is determined and with reference to defocusing amount according to the cladding layer width of each segment；
S4：Determine that the preferable heap of every layer of cladding layer is high, the facula area according to each segment, to determine the laser power of this section, makes The power density of every segment is constant, then piles up every layer of cladding layer；In every layer of cladding layer, measure every layer by floor height sensor The true reactor of each segment in cladding layer is high, and measured data Real-time Feedback to host computer；
S5：In i-th layer of cladding layer, calculate the high difference of the high preferable heap with this segment of true reactor of each segment, in i+1 In the accumulation of layer cladding layer, the scanning speed of the difference correction i+1 layer cladding layer according to i-th layer of cladding layer obtained by calculating Degree；
S6：Repeat step S4～S5, until whole part forming.
2. laser forming as claimed in claim 1 uniformly broaden part method it is characterised in that in described step S3, By changing the z-axis position of cladding shower nozzle or passing through to change collimating mirror position adjustment spot diameter and with reference to defocusing amount.
3. laser forming as claimed in claim 1 uniformly broaden part method it is characterised in that in described step S5, Adopt the correction carrying out " scanning speed " with the following method：If calculating certain a bit of preferable heap Gao Yushi in i-th layer of cladding layer Heap high difference in border is negative, then accelerate corresponding in the short transverse that CAD model is layered with this segment in i+1 layer cladding layer Segment scanning speed, if calculate certain a bit of high true reactor of preferable heap in i-th layer of cladding layer high and difference for just, Then slow down the scanning speed of corresponding in the short transverse that CAD model is layered with this segment segment in i+1 layer cladding layer.
4. laser forming as claimed in claim 1 uniformly broaden part method it is characterised in that in described step S5, Equation below 1 or formula 2 are applied to complete the correction of " scanning speed " in all segments,
Formula 1：vk i+1=vk i–ck i(hri-hk i), wherein, hri-hk iIt is real with kth segment in i-th layer of cladding layer ideal high hr of heap The high h of border heapkDifference, wherein k be more than or equal to 1；I is current layer number；CiFor the control parameter matrix of i-th layer of cladding layer, it is right The element of linea angulata is Ci=[c1 i, c2 i..., ck i..., cn i]；ViFor often a bit of scanning speed；Work as Vi+1During convergence, (Hri- Hi) in each element trend towards 0；
Formula 2：vk i+1=vk i·ck i(hk i/hri), wherein, hk i/hriIt is the high h of kth segment true reactor in i-th layer of cladding layerk Hr high with preferable heap and ratio, wherein k be more than or equal to 1；I is the number of plies；CiFor the control parameter matrix of i-th layer of cladding layer, Its cornerwise element is Ci=[c1 i, c2 i..., ck i..., cn i]；ViFor often a bit of scanning speed；Work as Vi+1During convergence, Hi/HriIn each element trend towards 1.
5. laser forming as claimed in claim 4 uniformly broaden part method it is characterised in that adopting fuzzy control method Or neural net method training and optimization C matrix, make Vi+1Each element Fast Convergent.
6. laser forming as claimed in claim 1 uniformly broaden part method it is characterised in that in described step S5, When the preferable heap of each segment is high high with true reactor basically identical, form the scanning speed vector V optimizingoptAnd/or optimize Control Matrix Copt；When upper once identical parts shape using scanning speed vector VoptAnd/or the control Matrix C optimizingoptMake For initial value.
7. laser forming as claimed in claim 1 uniformly broaden part method it is characterised in that uniformly becoming in laser forming In the method for wide part, realize piling up using laser melting coating shower nozzle.
8. laser forming as claimed in claim 7 uniformly broaden part method it is characterised in that height by every layer of cladding layer Degree absolute deviation adjusts the Z axis lifting capacity of laser melting coating shower nozzle as compensation dosage, adjusts defocusing amount so that its holding is constant, its In, the described height absolute deviation of every layer of cladding layer is the high true reactor with this segment of arbitrary segment ideal heap in this cladding layer High difference.
9. laser forming as claimed in claim 1 uniformly broaden part method it is characterised in that in described step S2, The equal length of each the described segment in every layer of cladding layer.
10. the laser forming as described in claim 1 or 9 uniformly broaden part method it is characterised in that in described step S2 In, the length setting scope of each the described segment in every layer of cladding layer is 0.1mm～1mm.
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CN109159427B (en) * 2018-09-30 2020-06-09 西安点云生物科技有限公司 Silk-free 3D printing method
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CN114972391B (en) * 2022-04-26 2024-08-23 华中科技大学 Laser cladding path planning method and system for top end of aero-engine blade

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