CN106421746A - [Pyr1]‑Apelin‑13 作为长效酰胺类局麻药中毒所致心脏停搏的抢救药物的应用 - Google Patents
[Pyr1]‑Apelin‑13 作为长效酰胺类局麻药中毒所致心脏停搏的抢救药物的应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN106421746A CN106421746A CN201610846886.0A CN201610846886A CN106421746A CN 106421746 A CN106421746 A CN 106421746A CN 201610846886 A CN201610846886 A CN 201610846886A CN 106421746 A CN106421746 A CN 106421746A
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- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
- A61K38/04—Peptides having up to 20 amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
- A61K38/10—Peptides having 12 to 20 amino acids
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- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种[Pyr1]‑Apelin‑13作为长效酰胺类局麻药中毒所致心脏停搏的抢救药物的应用,其技术方案是该抢救药物包括有[Pyr1]‑Apelin‑13,该[Pyr1]‑Apelin‑13为肽序列为:Glp‑Arg‑Pro‑Arg‑Leu‑Ser‑His‑Lys‑Gly‑Pro‑Met‑Pro‑Phe。本发明的有益效果是:本发明提供了一种基于[Pyr1]‑Apelin‑13的抢救药物,作为可有效解救局麻药中毒所致的心脏停搏,提高复苏率。此方案采二次死亡率较之公认的脂肪乳剂联合肾上腺素使用更低,而60分钟存活率更高。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及生物医药领域,具体是指[Pyr1]-Apelin-13作为局麻药中毒所致心脏停搏的抢救药物的应用。
背景技术
局部麻醉技术在临床麻醉、急慢性疼痛及癌痛治疗等领域有着广泛应用,具有对机体器官功能、内环境及机体代谢干扰轻微的优点,且医疗成本较低,符合我国国情,其实用价值较为突出。但以布比卡因为代表的常用长效酰胺类局麻药心脏毒性突出,一旦入血量偏大,心脏离子通道被阻滞,可造成严重循环衰竭、甚至心脏停搏,常规复苏非常困难,病死率高。研究报导,布比卡因能够抑制心肌细胞动作电位最大去极化速率的增加,且动作电位最大去极化速率主要依赖于通道钠离子的内流,而布比卡因恰恰能够与钠通道的特殊位点相结合,从而产生心脏毒性。从影响心肌能量代谢方面,布比卡因能减少线粒体ATP合成,而胰岛素-葡萄糖注射液对解救狗布比卡因的心脏中毒模型有帮助。即使临床上限定局麻药最大剂量,规范给药方法,提高制药工艺,局麻药中毒所致心脏停搏的发生率仍然较高,外周神经阻滞时为7.5/10000~20/10000。因此,寻找一种用于抢救局麻药所致心脏骤停的一线药物是研究的热点。
肾上腺素是用于心脏停搏复苏的一线药物,而长链脂肪乳剂+肾上腺素是现在公认的局麻药中毒导致的心脏停搏复苏方案,较之单纯脂肪乳剂或肾上腺素,能更好得改善复苏后的心脏功能。但有报道称应用肾上腺素可能加重局麻药过量导致的心律失常,且并不改善心输出量;且损害脂肪乳剂复苏。使肺内血氧交换迅速恶化,产生严重的肺水肿不利于复苏效果。因此有必要寻找一种新的安全有效的药物用于防治布比卡因心脏毒性,以提高解救布比卡因心脏毒性的成功率。
APJ受体是1993年发现的细胞膜上的一种七次跨膜G蛋白偶联受体,分布于心、脑、肾等全身多个重要脏器。而其特异性配体Apelin是一种多肽,在1998年发现。Apelin根据C端原蛋白被剪切成不同长度的活性多肽,划分为apelin-36,apelin-17,apelin-13。多年来研究证实:Apelin与其受体APJ结合,可在动脉粥样硬化、冠心病、心力衰竭、肺心病、心律失常及缺血再灌注等心血管系统的病理过程中起到保护作用。
Apelin尚不是临床用药,国内外尚无将Apelin应用于布比卡因心脏毒性的防治方面的报道。鉴于Apelin的生化特点及前期研究,我们认为Apelin在布比卡因心脏毒性的防治方面具有良好的应用前景。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了克服现有技术存在的缺点和不足,而提供一种[Pyr1]-Apelin-13作为长效酰胺类局麻药中毒所致心脏停搏的抢救药物的应用,其技术方案是该抢救药物包括有[Pyr1]-Apelin-13,该[Pyr1]-Apelin-13为肽序列为:
Glp-Arg-Pro-Arg-Leu-Ser-His-Lys-Gly-Pro-Met-Pro-Phe。
进一步地,所述的抢救药物,包括有[Pyr1]-Apelin-13、以及药学上可接受的载体,该[Pyr1]-Apelin-13的注射量按患者体重计25μg/kg。
进一步地该长效酰胺类局麻药为布比卡因。
如本文所用,“药学上可接受的”的成分是适用于人和/或哺乳动物而无过度不良副反应(如毒性)的,即具有合理的效益/风险比的物质。术语“药学上可接受的载体”指用于治疗剂给药的载体,包括各种赋形剂和稀释剂。该术语指这样一些药剂载体:它们本身并不是必要的活性成分,且施用后没有过分的毒性。合适的载体是本领域普通技术人员所熟知的。在Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences(Mack Pub.Co.,N.J.1991)中可找到关于药学上可接受的载体的充分说明。在组合物中药学上可接受的载体可含有液体,如水、盐水、甘油和山梨醇。另外,这些载体中还可能存在辅助性的物质,如润滑剂、助流剂、润湿剂或乳化剂、pH缓冲物质和稳定剂,如白蛋白等。
本申请抢救药物解决了现有布比卡因临床麻醉所致心脏停搏复苏方案中联合用药的副作用,患者发生局麻药中毒所致心脏停搏后,在心肺复苏的同时静脉推注[Pyr1]-Apelin-13,注射[Pyr1]-Apelin-13为按患者体重计25μg/kg。
进一步地,该[Pyr1]-Apelin-13的注射量按抢救对象的体重计12.5-50μg/kg,抢救对象为人,优选为25μg/kg。
进一步地该[Pyr1]-Apelin-13的注射量按抢救对象的体重计75-300μg/kg,抢救对象为大鼠,优选为150μg/kg。
其具体用法是:
患者心脏停搏记为0点时,0点立即心胸按压,然后立即注射Apelin-13 25μg/kg。
本发明的有益效果是:本发明提供了一种基于[Pyr1]-Apelin-13的抢救药物,作为可有效解救局麻药中毒所致的心脏停搏,提高复苏率。此方案采二次死亡率较之公认的脂肪乳剂联合肾上腺素使用更低,而60分钟存活率更高。
本申请的[Pyr1]-Apelin-13作为长效酰胺类局麻药中毒所致心脏停搏的抢救药物的药理学机理:
对心肌的正性肌力作用正是其发挥保护作用的重要环节之一。Apelin-13与APJ结合可通过裂解PIP2为DAG和IP3,激活PKC,使得(1):增加Na+/H+交换,介导细胞内碱化,增加心肌肌丝对Ca2+的敏感性;(2):Na+/H+交换提高了胞内Na+浓度,从而抑制了Na+/Ca2+交换引起的Ca2+外流,甚至反向交换;(3):提高肌浆网ATP酶活性,增加舒张期肌浆网的钙回流。Apelin-13可提高心室肌细胞钠通道电流的峰电位,降低阈电位,而且这些改变也与PKC的激活有关。可见Apelin可促进心肌细胞钠离子通道的激活和钠内流,与局麻药对心肌细胞钠离子通道的抑制作用相反。布比卡因的心脏骤停机制与心脏的能量代谢障碍密切相关。而Apelin-13作为脂肪因子,在能量代谢方面起着重要的调节作用。Apelin-13通过AMPK/ACC通路促进高脂肪喂养小鼠的骨骼肌的完全脂肪酸氧化,改善胰岛素敏感性,提高线粒体的生物氧化能力。Apelin-13通过激活下游通路,调节心肌的能量代谢,从而解救布比卡因所致的心脏中毒。
下面结合说明书附图和具体实施方式对本发明做进一步介绍。
附图说明
图1试验例中分组和给药方案比较图。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例对本发明进行具体的描述,只用于对本发明进行进一步说明,不能理解为对本发明保护范围的限定,该领域的技术工程师可根据上述发明的内容对本发明作出一些非本质的改进和调整。
本课题经温州医科大学动物保护和使用委员会同意。Sprague-Dawley雄性大鼠36只,体重300-350g,由温州医科大学实验动物中心提供。实验在中国温州医科大学完成。
[Pyr1]-Apelin-13外购于Tocris生物科技公司(Tocris Bioscience),其肽序列为Glp-Arg-Pro-Arg-Leu-Ser-His-Lys-Gly-Pro-Met-Pro-Phe,见序列表所示。其技术属性为:
摩尔质量:1533.81
分子式:C69H108N22O16S
肽序列XRPRLSHKGPMPF(Modifications:X=Glp)
溶解于水中1mg/ml。
CAS No:217082-60-5。
另外,下述试验例中,NS为盐水、F13A为Apelin竞争性拮抗剂,[Pyr1]-Apelin-13在下文中也简称Apelin-13。
1.动物准备
大鼠在实验前禁食12h,不禁饮。称重后以20%乌拉坦200mg/kg腹腔注射麻醉。待动物麻醉后,分离气管,切开置入14G穿刺针外套管,连接小动物呼吸机,行机械通气。呼吸参数设定:潮气量=8ml/kg,呼吸频率=80次/分,呼吸比3:2,FiO2100%。开放右侧股静脉用于输注抢救药物;右侧股动脉切开置管,连接生物信号采集系统,测定动脉压力。操作结束后,平衡15min,使大鼠机体功能相对稳定,并记录平衡末大鼠平均动脉压(MAP)、收缩压(SBP)、收缩压与心率乘积(RPP),随后进入实验干预阶段。
2.停跳方案
20秒内推注0.4%布比卡因30mg/kg,制备心脏停搏模型,心脏停搏的判断标志为心电图示心电机械分离或心电活动消失,有创动脉压监测示平均动脉压(MAP)≤10mmHg。
3.复苏方案
大鼠心脏停跳后(0点时间)立即在胸骨中下部实施300次/min人工胸外按压,直至自主循环恢复或60分钟复苏期末,按压幅度保证胸骨下陷约1cm。按实验分组于停搏前后注射相应药物或生理盐水。大鼠自主循环恢复的判断标准是出现ROSC,判断标准是出现规律自主心律,RPP≥20%基础值并维持1min以上;或RPP虽≤20%基础值,但能维持自主心律30min以上且口鼻由灰白转粉红色。复苏成功后再次发生心脏停搏大鼠再次实施心肺复苏操作,但不再用任何药物。通过可调节红外等保持大鼠体温维持在38℃–39℃。所有静脉输注药物均由一位不参与后续动物复苏的人员提前准备。所有药物在输注前预热至37℃。复苏过程按照我们自己团队的协作模式:操作者1负责复苏药物的输注;操作者2实施胸外按压;操作者3在复苏期维持气道通畅,并评估RPP指标。实验采取盲法,操作者均不知大鼠所处组别。实验观察60分钟,60分钟末处死大鼠。
4.实验分组
NS+布比卡因+NS(B组):推注NS 0.2ml,17分钟后推注布比卡因30mg/kg(20s内推注完毕),建立布比卡因诱导的大鼠心脏骤停模型,布比卡因推注后立即注射NS 0.2ml。
NS+布比卡因+Apelin-13(BA组):推注NS 0.2ml,17分钟后推注布比卡因30mg/kg(20s内推注完毕),建立布比卡因诱导的大鼠心脏骤停模型,布比卡因推注后立即注射(Pyr1)apelin-13 150ug/kg。
F13A+布比卡因+Apelin-13(FBA组):推注Apelin竞争性拮抗剂F13A 150ug/kg,17分钟后推注布比卡因30mg/kg(20s内推注完毕),建立布比卡因诱导的大鼠心脏骤停模型,布比卡因推注后立即注射apelin-13 150ug/kg。分组和给药方案见图1。
图1中推注APJ拮抗剂F13A 150ug/kg或NS,17min后推注布比卡因建立大鼠心脏骤停模型,布比卡因推注完成后立即注射(Pyr1)apelin-13 150ug/kg或NS。大鼠心脏停搏时间记为实验零点,开始实施CPR。
复苏成功的标准:出现规律自主心律,RPP≥20%基础值并维持1min以上;或RPP虽≤20%基础值,但能维持自主心律30min以上且口鼻由灰白转粉红色。
布比卡因中毒剂量:30mg/kg
实验观察1小时
5.实验结果
B、BA、FBA组大鼠复苏成功率分别为50%(6/12)、100%(12/12)、25%(3/12)。3组复苏成功率比较有统计学差异(P=0.001),BA组复苏成功率显著高于B组和FBA组(B组vs.BA组P=0.014,FBA组vs.BA组P<0.001)。见表1。
表1 3组大鼠复苏结局比较
*p=0.014<0.0167vs NS+Bu+NS;**p<0.001vs F13A+Bu+Apelin
6.实验结论
立即静注Apelin能解救SD大鼠布比卡因所致的心脏骤停,而等量的拮抗剂F13A能明显拮抗apelin的解救效能。由此可知,外源性(Pyr1)apelin-13能解救布比卡因所致的心脏毒性。
(Pyr1)apelin-13使用剂量实验
实验方法同第一部分1.2.3.。
分三组:布比卡因+Apelin-13 75ug/kg
布比卡因+Apelin-13 150ug/kg
布比卡因+Apelin-13 300ug/kg
实验结果:
三组存活率分别为33.3%(2/6),100%(6/6)和66.7%(4/6)。结果见表2。
表2 剂量实验
实验结论:
随着apelin剂量的增加,其扩血管作用增强;强心作用则是先增强后减弱。实验结果符合文献,因此apelin-13 150ug/kg时最有利于布比卡因所致心脏骤停复苏。
结论
在本发明中,外源性[Pyr1]-Apelin-13能解救布比卡因所致的大鼠心脏骤停,且在150ug/kg时作用最佳。
另外,根据《实验动物学》人民卫生出版社出版,上述apelin-13 150ug/kg的剂量,换算成人体,优选为25ug/kg。
本领域技术普通技术人员,可在本申请的公开内容的指导下,结合《实验动物学》等公知常识,可以选择在不同动物种类下,选用合适的apelin-13的剂量,已达到用于长效酰胺类局麻药中毒所致心脏停搏的抢救药物的应用,这些构思均属于本申请的相同构思,应属于本申请的保护范围。
Claims (7)
1.[Pyr1]-Apelin-13作为长效酰胺类局麻药中毒所致心脏停搏的抢救药物的应用,其特征在于:该抢救药物包括有[Pyr1]-Apelin-13,该[Pyr1]-Apelin-13为肽序列为:Glp-Arg-Pro-Arg-Leu-Ser-His-Lys-Gly-Pro-Met-Pro-Phe。
2.一种用于长效酰胺类局麻药中毒所致心脏停搏的抢救药物,其特征在于:包括有[Pyr1]-Apelin-13、以及药学上可接受的载体,该[Pyr1]-Apelin-13的肽序列为:Glp-Arg-Pro-Arg-Leu-Ser-His-Lys-Gly-Pro-Met-Pro-Phe,该[Pyr1]-Apelin-13的注射量按抢救对象体重计12.5-300µg/kg。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种用于长效酰胺类局麻药中毒所致心脏停搏的抢救药物,其特征在于:该[Pyr1]-Apelin-13的注射量按抢救对象的体重计12.5-50µg/kg,抢救对象为人。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种用于长效酰胺类局麻药中毒所致心脏停搏的抢救药物,其特征在于:该[Pyr1]-Apelin-13的注射量按抢救对象的体重计25µg/kg,抢救对象为人。
5.根据权利要求2所述的一种用于长效酰胺类局麻药中毒所致心脏停搏的抢救药物,其特征在于:该[Pyr1]-Apelin-13的注射量按抢救对象的体重计75-300µg/kg,抢救对象为大鼠。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种用于长效酰胺类局麻药中毒所致心脏停搏的抢救药物,其特征在于:该[Pyr1]-Apelin-13的注射量按抢救对象的体重计150µg/kg,抢救对象为大鼠。
7.根据权利要求2所述的一种用于长效酰胺类局麻药中毒所致心脏停搏的抢救药物,其特征在于:该长效酰胺类局麻药为布比卡因。
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CN108354900A (zh) * | 2018-05-15 | 2018-08-03 | 温州医科大学附属第医院 | 一种解决长效酰胺类局麻醉所致心脏停搏的药物组合 |
CN112546198A (zh) * | 2020-12-17 | 2021-03-26 | 温州医科大学慈溪生物医药研究院 | 一种用于治疗脑中风和急性脑梗的药物组合物 |
CN112546198B (zh) * | 2020-12-17 | 2022-03-25 | 温州医科大学慈溪生物医药研究院 | 一种用于治疗脑中风和急性脑梗的药物组合物 |
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