CN106416627B - A kind of bendable corn harvester - Google Patents

A kind of bendable corn harvester Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106416627B
CN106416627B CN201611036239.XA CN201611036239A CN106416627B CN 106416627 B CN106416627 B CN 106416627B CN 201611036239 A CN201611036239 A CN 201611036239A CN 106416627 B CN106416627 B CN 106416627B
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
ear
connecting plate
plate
scion
pulling roller
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Expired - Fee Related
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CN201611036239.XA
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Chinese (zh)
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CN106416627A (en
Inventor
杜岳峰
李文娟
宋正河
毛恩荣
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China Agricultural University
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China Agricultural University
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Priority to CN201611036239.XA priority Critical patent/CN106416627B/en
Publication of CN106416627A publication Critical patent/CN106416627A/en
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Publication of CN106416627B publication Critical patent/CN106416627B/en
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01DHARVESTING; MOWING
    • A01D47/00Headers for topping of plants, e.g. stalks with ears
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01DHARVESTING; MOWING
    • A01D45/00Harvesting of standing crops
    • A01D45/02Harvesting of standing crops of maize, i.e. kernel harvesting
    • A01D45/021Cornheaders

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Harvesting Machines For Specific Crops (AREA)

Abstract

The invention belongs to agricultural mechanical field, more particularly to a kind of bendable corn harvester.The present invention uses upward stem pulling, folding fringe plate to roll over fringe, and the process of harvesting is more laborsaving, to reduce harvesting energy consumption;Folding fringe plate keeps apart fruit ear and stem pulling roller, and stem pulling roller is avoided to damage fruit ear;Roll over fringe plate to be in tilted layout, the reasonable layout point of application, avoid collision relatively fragile fruit ear small end and caused by damage;Meanwhile the height and level angle of ear-picking unit can be adjusted according to the practical growing height of plant and angle of inclination.Fruit ear falls under gravity into scion device after being folded down, eliminate and dial fringe device, and fruit ear can be made to be rapidly separated, and reduces damage;Scion device is the smooth plate tilted down, and fruit ear is enable to slide to the conveying screw feeder at rear automatically;Corn stem feeds stem pulling roller upwards, and the cut-out of stalk bottom device to be cut, gravity power caused by without bearing tension and compression stalk of plant itself will be overcome by making stem pulling roller only, save energy consumption.

Description

Bending type corn harvester header
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of agricultural machinery, and particularly relates to a bending type corn harvester header.
Background
Corn is one of three major food crops in China, is an important raw material for food, feed and industry, and the total yield is the second in the world at present. The corn harvesting machine plays a very important role in the harvesting of the corn. However, the current corn harvester is not mature in development, and the problems of high loss rate, poor stability, poor adaptability, high energy consumption and the like seriously restrict the mechanized level of corn harvesting in China.
The corn ear picking device in the corn harvester determines the main technical indexes of the whole machine ear picking performance, such as seed loss rate, breakage rate and the like. The current corn ear picking device mainly comprises a thread ear picking roller type and an ear picking plate and stem pulling roller combined type on the working principle; the structure form is mainly four, namely a horizontal snapping roller type, a vertical snapping roller type, a horizontal snapping roller type and a snapping plate type. The seed breakage rate, the loss rate and the ear loss rate caused by the existing corn ear picking device have certain differences with the existing national standard. The horizontal ear picking roller type corn ear picking device inevitably causes damage to the ears due to the working principle of the horizontal ear picking roller type corn ear picking device. The vertical ear picking roller type corn ear picking device has a complex structure and higher energy consumption. The horizontal ear picking roller type corn ear picking device is easy to bite the ears or bring the ears into the ear picking rollers to cause loss. The ear picking plate type rice ear picking device forcibly breaks the stalks, consumes a large amount of power and has high impurity rate.
Recently, researchers also study the bending type ear picking principle and design a bionic corn ear picking device which is characterized in that a clamping and conveying device is used for conveying corn stalks, and an ear picking roller is used for generating bending force on corn ears; and a ear poking roller type corn ear picking device which is driven by the wheel type ear poking roller to beat the ears on one side of the plant. The corn ear picking device conveyed by the clamping and conveying device is complex in structure, the chain wheel works with unstable hidden trouble, and corn ears are directly acted by the ear picking roller and can be damaged. The ear poking roller type corn ear picking device has a complex structure and poor working stability.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems, the invention aims to provide a bending type corn harvester cutting table which is low in energy consumption and capable of effectively reducing the loss and the bite of ears.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a bending type corn harvester header, which is characterized in that: the header comprises an upper connecting plate 17, a middle connecting plate 14, a lower connecting plate 12, a scion picking device, a scion grafting device 6 and a cutting device.
The bottom end of a middle connecting plate 14 of the header is rotatably connected with the top end of a lower connecting plate 12 through a connecting pin 13, a plurality of adjusting holes are formed in the upper portion of the middle connecting plate 14 along the vertical direction, and the lower portion of an upper connecting plate 17 is inserted into the adjusting holes formed in the upper portion of the middle connecting plate 14 through adjusting pins 16 and is connected with the upper portion of the middle connecting plate 14; the back of the middle connecting plate 14 is hinged with a hydraulic cylinder 15.
A plurality of ear picking devices are horizontally arranged on the upper connecting plate 17 in parallel; each ear picking device is divided into two parts which are symmetrical left and right; the left part and the right part of the ear picking device both comprise a reel chain 1, a stalk pulling roller 3, an ear folding plate 4 and a driving wheel set.
The stem-pulling roller 3 comprises a conical guide section at the front part and a cylindrical ear picking section at the rear part; the surface of the cylindrical snapping section is provided with a spiral boss; the two stalk-pulling rollers 3 of the ear-picking device rotate oppositely to convey the stalks backwards and upwards.
The reel chain 1 is arranged above the stem pulling roller 3; the reel chain 1 is sleeved on the driving wheel set and is driven to rotate by the driving wheel set.
The ear folding plate 4 is positioned right below the stalk-pulling roller 3; the ear folding plate 4 has an inclination angle with the horizontal plane.
The scion device 6 has a certain inclination angle with the horizontal plane, and the scion device 6 comprises a fixed end 11 and a movable end 10; a fixed end 11 of the scion device 6 is fixedly connected with the lower part of a lower connecting plate 12 of the header, and a transportation auger 5 is arranged inside the fixed end 11 of the scion device 6; the movable end 10 of the scion device 6 is telescopically connected with the fixed end 11.
The cutting device is arranged at the bottom of the scion device 6.
The side surface of the movable end 10 of the scion device 6 is provided with a plurality of adjusting holes at equal intervals and is connected with the outer side of the fixed end 11 through pins.
The spacing between adjacent adjustment holes on the free end 10 is 50 mm.
The left and right parts of the ear picking device further comprise a divider 2, and the divider 2 covers the reel chain 1.
The cutting device and the horizontal plane form an included angle of 1-20 degrees.
The tail end of the conical guide section of the stalk-pulling roller 3 is positioned right above the cutting device.
The cutting device is a rotary cutting device and comprises an adjusting sector plate 9, a cutter mounting plate 18, a fixed bed knife 8 and a plurality of pairs of movable cutter discs 7; wherein,
the adjusting fan-shaped plate 9 is fixedly connected with the bottom of the scion device 6; the rear end of the cutter mounting plate 18 is rotationally connected with the circle center of the adjusting sector plate 9 and is fixed and limited with an adjusting hole on the adjusting sector plate 9 through a pin;
the fixed bed knife 8 and the movable knife disc 7 are arranged at the front end of the cutter mounting plate 18, each pair of movable knife discs 7 consists of two movable knife blades rotating in opposite directions, the front part of the fixed bed knife 8 is provided with a knife edge end, and the fixed bed knife 8 is positioned below the movable knife disc 7.
The adjusting range of the included angle between the fixed bed knife 8 and the horizontal plane is 1-20 degrees.
The tail end of the conical guide section of the stalk-pulling roller 3 is positioned right above the blade end of the fixed bed knife 8 of the cutting device.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the stalks are conveyed upwards after being cut off, only the gravity of the stalks and the fruit clusters needs to be overcome, the stalks are not required to be pulled and extruded forcibly, and the energy consumption is less;
(2) the fruit ears are broken by the ear breaking plate, so that the direct contact with the stem pulling roller is avoided, and the damage of the fruit ears is effectively avoided; the ear folding plate is obliquely arranged, so that the stress area of the corn ears is reasonable, and the corn ears are more effectively protected from being lost;
(3) the force for bending the ear stems is far less than the force for breaking the ear stems, so that the energy consumption for picking the ears can be effectively reduced;
(4) the ear picking device is positioned above the ear picking device, the ears can fall off by using self gravity after being broken, and because the ear picking plate is higher in mounting position, the ear picking device is mounted in sufficient space below the ear picking plate, and the ear picking device is designed to be inclined downwards, so that the ears can slide to the transportation auger under the action of self gravity without mounting an additional ear poking device, the mechanism is simplified, the extending length of the ear picking device can be adjusted, and the ear picking effect is ensured;
(5) the fruit ears can fall off quickly after being broken and are not in excessive contact with the ear picking device, so that the damage of the ear picking device to the fruit ears is avoided;
(6) the adjustment of the angle and the height of the ear picking device can enable the cutting table of the corn harvester to better adapt to corn plants with different growth conditions.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a cutting table (with part of a crop divider hidden) of the bending type corn harvester of the invention;
FIG. 2 is an isometric view of a header (with a partial crop divider hidden) of the bending corn harvester of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a side view of a header of the bending corn harvester of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a top view of a header (with a portion of the crop divider hidden) of the bending corn harvester of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of the scion device;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of the cutting device.
Wherein the reference numerals are:
1 standing grain pulling chain and 2 standing grain dividers
3 stalk-pulling roller 4 ear-folding plate
5 transport auger 6 scion device
7 fixed bed knife with movable cutter disc 8
9 adjustable sector plate 10 movable end
11 fixed end 12 lower connecting plate
13 connecting pin 14 middle connecting plate
15 hydraulic cylinder 16 regulating pin
17 upper connecting plate 18 cutter mounting plate
Working surface of A ear picking device
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
The bending type corn harvester cutting table with the upward stem pulling and ear folding plates for ear folding is adopted, and the snapping ear picking principle is used for replacing snapping ear picking, so that the ear picking process is more labor-saving, and the ear picking energy consumption is reduced; the ear folding plate separates the ears from the stalk-pulling roller, so that the ears are prevented from being damaged by the stalk-pulling roller; the ear folding plates are arranged obliquely, force application points are reasonably distributed, and damage caused by collision with the small ends of the relatively fragile ears is avoided; meanwhile, the height and the horizontal angle of the ear picking device can be adjusted according to the actual growth height and the inclination angle of the corn plants. The fruit ears fall into the scion device under the action of gravity after being folded, so that the ear poking device is omitted, the fruit ears can be quickly separated, and the damage is reduced; the scion grafting device is designed into a smooth plate which is inclined downwards, so that the fruit ears can automatically slide to the rear conveying auger; the corn stalks are upwards fed into the stalk-pulling roller, and the bottoms of the stalks are cut off by the rotary cutting device, so that the stalk-pulling roller only needs to overcome the gravity of corn plants and does not need to bear the force caused by pulling and pressing the stalks, and the energy consumption is saved.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the bending type corn harvester header of the invention comprises an upper connecting plate 17, a middle connecting plate 14, a lower connecting plate 12, a snapping device, a scion grafting device 6 and a cutting device.
The bottom end of a middle connecting plate 14 of the header is rotatably connected with the top end of a lower connecting plate 12 through a connecting pin 13, a plurality of adjusting holes are formed in the upper portion of the middle connecting plate 14 in the vertical direction, and the lower portion of an upper connecting plate 17 is inserted into the adjusting holes formed in the upper portion of the middle connecting plate 14 through adjusting pins 16 and is connected with the upper portion of the middle connecting plate 14. The back of the middle connecting plate 14 is hinged with a hydraulic cylinder 15, and the vertical angle of the middle connecting plate 14 is adjusted by adjusting the telescopic amount of the hydraulic cylinder 15, so that the horizontal angle of the ear picking device connected with the upper connecting plate 17 is adjusted.
A plurality of ear plucking devices are horizontally arranged on the upper connecting plate 17 in parallel. Each ear picking device is divided into two parts which are symmetrical left and right, and the long strip-shaped interval between the left part and the right part is the working surface A of the ear picking device; the front end of the ear picking device is open, so that corn plants can easily enter the working surface A of the ear picking device; the left part and the right part of the ear picking device both comprise a reel chain 1, a divider 2, a stalk pulling roller 3, an ear folding plate 4 and a driving wheel group.
The stem-pulling roller 3 comprises a conical guide section at the front part and a cylindrical ear picking section at the rear part; the surface of the cylindrical snapping section is provided with a spiral boss; the two stalk-pulling rollers 3 of the ear-picking device rotate oppositely to convey the stalks backwards and upwards.
The reel chain 1 is arranged above the stem pulling roller 3 and plays a role of forced feeding; the reel chain 1 is sleeved on the driving wheel set and is driven to rotate by the driving wheel set. The divider 2 is covered above the reel chain 1.
The ear folding plate 4 is positioned right below the stalk-pulling roller 3; the ear folding plate 4 and the horizontal plane have an inclination angle, so that the corn ears can move upwards along the inclination angle in the ear picking process, and the damage to the collision extrusion of the corn ears is effectively reduced; under the action of the ear folding plate 4, the corn ears are bent and deformed and are finally picked off.
As shown in fig. 5, the scion device 6 has a certain inclination angle with the horizontal plane and comprises a fixed end 11 and a movable end 10. The fixed end 11 of the scion device 6 is fixedly connected with the lower part of the lower connecting plate 12 of the cutting table, and a transportation auger 5 is arranged inside the fixed end 11 of the scion device 6. The movable end 10 of the scion device 6 is telescopically connected with the fixed end 11. The inclination angle of the scion device 6 is determined by the speed of the vehicle, the rotating speed of the stalk-pulling roller, the height of the corn plants and the height of the scions, so that the corn stalks can be successfully scion without influencing the upward conveying process of the corn stalks. The ears are folded down by the ear folding plate 4 and then fall into the movable end 10 of the ear grafting device 6, and slide to the transportation auger 5 under the action of gravity, thus completing the collection of the corn ears.
Preferably, the side surface of the movable end 10 of the scion device 6 is provided with a plurality of adjusting holes at equal intervals and is connected with the outer side of the fixed end 11 through pins. Preferably, the spacing between adjacent adjustment apertures is 50 mm.
The cutting device is arranged at the bottom of the scion device 6 and is used for cutting the corn stalks from the bottom ends of the corn stalks so that corn plants smoothly enter the working surface A of the scion picking device. As shown in fig. 6, the cutting device is a rotary cutting device, and includes an adjusting sector plate 9, a cutter mounting plate 18, a fixed bed knife 8 and a plurality of pairs of movable knife discs 7.
Wherein, the adjusting sector plate 9 is fixedly connected with the bottom of the scion device 6. The rear end of the cutter mounting plate 18 is rotatably connected with the circle center of the adjusting sector plate 9 and is fixed and limited with an adjusting hole on the adjusting sector plate 9 through a pin.
The fixed bed knife 8 and the movable knife disc 7 are arranged at the front end of the cutter mounting plate 18, each pair of movable knife discs 7 comprises two movable knife blades rotating in opposite directions, the front part of the fixed bed knife 8 is provided with a knife edge end, and the fixed bed knife 8 is positioned below the movable knife disc 7. The adjusting range of the included angle between the fixed bed knife 8 and the horizontal plane is 1-20 degrees.
Preferably, the end of the conical guide section of the stalk-pulling roll 3 is located directly above the cutting device; furthermore, the tail end of the conical guide section of the stalk-pulling roll 3 is positioned right above the knife edge end of the fixed bed knife 8 of the cutting device, so that the stalk is fed into the stalk-pulling roll 3 while the stalk is cut by the cutting device.
The working process of the invention is as follows:
during operation, firstly, according to the height and the growth vigor of the corn plants to be operated, the extending length of the hydraulic cylinder 15 and the extending length of the upper connecting plate 17 relative to the middle connecting plate 14 are adjusted, so that the horizontal angle and the height of the ear picking device are adjusted. Determining the operating speed and the rotation speed of the snapping plate, and adjusting the stretching amount of the movable end 10 of the snapping device 6 and the horizontal angle of the cutting device according to the operating speed and the rotation speed.
When the corn is harvested, the conical guide section of the stalk-pulling roller 3 guides the stalks to smoothly enter the cylindrical ear picking section of the stalk-pulling roller 3, the stalks are clamped by the cylindrical ear picking section of the stalk-pulling roller 3, the bottoms of the stalks reach the cutting device, the movable cutter disc 7 rotates to form a shearing force with the fixed bed knife 8, and the bottoms of the stalks are sheared. The cut stalks are pulled upwards by a stalk pulling roller 3 of the ear picking device.
Two pivoted rollers in opposite directions that stem drawing roller 3 adopted the surface area spiral boss, the roller anticlockwise rotation on the left side of during operation, the roller clockwise rotation on the right, can transport the stem stalk to the upper back, reel chain 1 sets up the top at stem drawing roller 3, play the effect of compulsory feeding, install the ear of grain board 4 of rolling over of slope under the stem drawing roller 3, the stem stalk is when upwards conveying, when the ear of grain reachs ear board 4 department, because can not pass through ear of grain board 4's clearance, under ear of grain board 4's effect, the ear of grain bending deformation finally is plucked.
The ears are folded down by the ear folding plate 4 and then fall into the ear grafting device 6, and slide to the conveying auger 5 under the action of gravity, thus completing the collection of the corn ears.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the invention may be practiced without these specific details.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which should be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. The utility model provides a bending type maize picker header which characterized in that: the header comprises an upper connecting plate (17), a middle connecting plate (14), a lower connecting plate (12), an ear picking device, an ear grafting device (6) and a cutting device;
the bottom end of a middle connecting plate (14) of the header is rotatably connected with the top end of a lower connecting plate (12) through a connecting pin (13), the upper part of the middle connecting plate (14) is provided with a plurality of adjusting holes along the vertical direction, and the lower part of an upper connecting plate (17) is inserted into the adjusting holes arranged at the upper part of the middle connecting plate (14) through adjusting pins (16) and is connected with the upper part of the middle connecting plate (14); the back of the middle connecting plate (14) is hinged with a hydraulic cylinder (15);
a plurality of ear picking devices are horizontally arranged on the upper connecting plate (17) in parallel; each ear picking device is divided into two parts which are symmetrical left and right; the left part and the right part of the ear picking device both comprise a reel chain (1), a stalk pulling roller (3), an ear folding plate (4) and a driving wheel set;
the stem-pulling roller (3) comprises a conical guide section at the front part and a cylindrical snapping section at the rear part; the surface of the cylindrical snapping section is provided with a spiral boss; two stalk-pulling rollers (3) of the ear-picking device rotate oppositely to convey the stalks backwards and upwards;
the reel chain (1) is arranged above the stem pulling roller (3); the reel chain (1) is sleeved on the driving wheel set and is driven to rotate by the driving wheel set;
the ear breaking plate (4) is positioned under the stem pulling roller (3); the ear folding plate (4) and the horizontal plane have an inclination angle;
the scion device (6) has a certain inclination angle with the horizontal plane, and the scion device (6) comprises a fixed end (11) and a movable end (10); a fixed end (11) of the scion device (6) is fixedly connected with the lower part of a lower connecting plate (12) of the header, and a transportation auger (5) is arranged inside the fixed end (11) of the scion device (6); the movable end (10) of the scion device (6) is telescopically connected with the fixed end (11);
the cutting device is arranged at the bottom of the scion device (6).
2. The folding corn harvester header of claim 1, wherein: the side surface of the movable end (10) of the scion device (6) is provided with a plurality of adjusting holes at equal intervals and is connected with the outer side of the fixed end (11) through pins.
3. The folding corn harvester header of claim 2, wherein: the interval between adjacent adjusting holes on the movable end (10) is 50 mm.
4. The folding corn harvester header of claim 1, wherein: the left part and the right part of the ear picking device further comprise a divider (2), and the divider (2) is covered above the reel chain (1).
5. The folding corn harvester header of claim 1, wherein: the cutting device and the horizontal plane form an included angle of 1-20 degrees.
6. The folding corn harvester header of claim 1, wherein: the tail end of the conical guide section of the stalk-pulling roller (3) is positioned right above the cutting device.
7. The folding corn harvester header of claim 1, wherein: the cutting device is a rotary cutting device and comprises an adjusting sector plate (9), a cutter mounting plate (18), a fixed bottom cutter (8) and a plurality of pairs of movable cutter discs (7); wherein,
the adjusting fan-shaped plate (9) is fixedly connected with the bottom of the scion device (6); the rear end of the cutter mounting plate (18) is rotationally connected with the circle center of the adjusting sector plate (9) and is fixed and limited with an adjusting hole on the adjusting sector plate (9) through a pin;
the fixed bed knife (8) and the movable knife disc (7) are arranged at the front end of the cutter mounting plate (18), each pair of movable knife discs (7) consists of two movable knife blades which rotate in opposite directions, the front part of the fixed bed knife (8) is provided with a knife edge end, and the fixed bed knife (8) is positioned below the movable knife disc (7).
8. The folding corn harvester header of claim 7, wherein: the adjusting range of the included angle between the fixed bed knife (8) and the horizontal plane is 1-20 degrees.
9. The folding corn harvester header of claim 7, wherein: the tail end of the conical guide section of the stalk-pulling roller (3) is positioned right above the blade end of the fixed bed knife (8) of the cutting device.
CN201611036239.XA 2016-11-23 2016-11-23 A kind of bendable corn harvester Expired - Fee Related CN106416627B (en)

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CN109548472A (en) * 2019-01-07 2019-04-02 中国农业大学 CAN bus based harvest corn harvesting damage control system and control method
CN109757227B (en) * 2019-02-28 2024-01-23 山东省农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所 Fine crushing equipment for fresh plant stems and leaves
CN114303630B (en) * 2021-11-01 2023-03-31 山东理工大学 Corn header ear picking device of up-down inertia force type
CN117898115B (en) * 2024-03-18 2024-06-14 贵州省旱粮研究所(贵州省高粱研究所)(贵州省玉米工程技术研究中心) Corn harvester with ear picking and straw chopping functions

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