CN106416627B - A kind of bendable corn harvester - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a bending type corn harvester header. In the present invention, the stem is pulled upwards, and the ears are folded by the ear-folding plate, so that the process of picking ears is more labor-saving, thereby reducing the energy consumption of picking ears; The boards are arranged obliquely, and the force points are distributed reasonably to avoid damage caused by collision with the relatively fragile small end of the ear. At the same time, the height and horizontal angle of the ear picking device can be adjusted according to the actual growth height and inclination angle of the corn plant. After the ear is folded, it falls into the scion device under the action of gravity, which saves the ear picking device, and can quickly detach the ear and reduce damage; the scion device is a smooth plate inclined downward, so that the ear can automatically slide to the rear conveying agitator Long: The corn stalks are fed upwards to the stalk roller, and the bottom of the stalk is cut off by the cutting device, so that the stalk roller only needs to overcome the gravity of the corn plant itself and does not have to bear the force caused by pulling and compressing the stalk, saving energy consumption.

Description

A bending type corn harvester header

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a bending type corn harvester header.

Background technique

As one of the three major food crops in my country, corn is an important raw material for food, feed and industry, and its total output currently ranks second in the world. Corn harvesting machinery plays a pivotal role in corn harvesting. However, the development of corn harvester is not mature at present, and the problems of high loss rate, poor stability, poor adaptability and high energy consumption seriously restrict the mechanization level of corn harvesting in my country.

The corn ear picking device in the corn harvester determines the main technical indicators of the ear picking performance of the whole machine, such as grain loss rate, broken rate, etc. At present, corn ear picking devices are mainly divided into thread ear picking roller type and ear picking plate and stem roller combination type from the working principle; there are mainly four types in terms of structure, namely horizontal ear picking roller type and vertical ear picking device. Roller type, horizontal ear picking roller type and ear picking plate type. There is still a certain gap between the grain damage rate, loss rate and ear loss rate caused by the existing corn ear picking device and the current national standard. Due to its working principle, the horizontal ear picking roller type corn ear picking device inevitably causes damage to the ear. The structure of the vertical ear picking roller type corn ear picking device is complicated, and the energy consumption is also relatively large. Horizontal ear picking roller type corn ear picking device is easy to gnaw the ear or bring the ear into the ear picking roller to cause loss. The forcible breaking of the stalk by the ear plate type rice ear picking device consumes a lot of power and has a high impurity rate.

Recently, some scholars are also studying the principle of bending ear picking, and have designed a bionic corn ear picking device that conveys corn stalks by a pinch device, and the ear picking roller produces bending force on the corn ear; One side of the plant rotates and "beats" the ear of the ear to the ear roller type corn ear picking device. The structure of the corn ear picking device conveyed by the pinch device is complex, and the sprocket work may be unstable, and the ear of corn is directly acted by the ear picking roller, which will cause damage to the ear. The corn ear picking device with ear rolling roller is complex in structure and poor in working stability.

Contents of the invention

In view of the above technical problems, the object of the present invention is to provide a bending type corn harvester header with low energy consumption, which can effectively reduce ear loss and bite.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

The invention provides a bending type corn harvester header, which is characterized in that: the header includes an upper connecting plate 17, a middle connecting plate 14, a lower connecting plate 12, an ear picking device, a scion device 6 and a cutting device.

The bottom end of the middle connecting plate 14 of the header is rotatably connected with the top of the lower connecting plate 12 by connecting pins 13, the top of the middle connecting plate 14 is provided with a plurality of adjustment holes along the vertical direction, and the bottom of the upper connecting plate 17 is adjusted The pin 16 is inserted into the adjustment hole provided on the top of the middle connecting plate 14 and connected with the top of the middle connecting plate 14; the back side of the middle connecting plate 14 is hinged with a hydraulic cylinder 15.

A plurality of ear picking devices are horizontally arranged side by side on the upper connecting plate 17; each ear picking device is divided into left and right symmetrical two parts; Spike plate 4 and drive wheel set.

The stalk pulling roller 3 includes a front cone guide section and a rear cylindrical plucking ear section; the surface of the cylindrical plucking ear section has a helical boss; two stalk pulling rollers 3 of the ear picking device rotate in opposite directions, and the stalks are turned toward each other. transported upwards.

The reel chain 1 is arranged above the stem pulling roller 3; the reel chain 1 is sleeved on the driving wheel set, and is driven to rotate by the driving wheel set.

The ear folding plate 4 is located directly below the stem pulling roller 3; the ear folding plate 4 has an inclination angle with the horizontal plane.

Described scion device 6 has certain angle of inclination with horizontal plane, and scion device 6 comprises fixed end 11 and movable end 10; A transport auger 5 is arranged inside the end 11; the movable end 10 of the scion device 6 is telescopically connected with the fixed end 11.

The cutting device is arranged at the bottom of the scion device 6 .

A plurality of adjustment holes are equally spaced on the side of the movable end 10 of the scion device 6 , and are connected to the outside of the fixed end 11 by pins.

The interval between adjacent adjustment holes on the movable end 10 is 50mm.

The left and right parts of the ear picking device further include a grain divider 2 , and the grain divider 2 is covered above the reel chain 1 .

The cutting device has an included angle of 1°-20° with the horizontal plane.

The end of the conical guide section of the stem pulling roller 3 is located directly above the cutting device.

The cutting device is a rotary cutting device, including an adjustment fan-shaped plate 9, a cutter mounting plate 18, a fixed bottom knife 8 and a plurality of pairs of movable cutter heads 7; wherein,

Described adjusting fan-shaped plate 9 is fixedly connected with the bottom of scion device 6; The rear end of cutter mounting plate 18 is connected with the center of circle of adjusting fan-shaped plate 9 and is rotatably connected, and is fixedly limited by the adjustment hole on pin and the adjusting fan-shaped plate 9;

The fixed bottom knife 8 and the moving knife disc 7 are installed on the front end of the cutter mounting plate 18, and each pair of moving knife discs 7 is composed of two moving blades rotating in opposite directions. Be positioned at movable cutter head 7 below.

The angle adjustment range between the fixed bottom knife 8 and the horizontal plane is 1°-20°.

The end of the conical guide section of the stemming roller 3 is located directly above the edge end of the fixed bottom knife 8 of the cutting device.

Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect of the present invention is:

(1) After the stalk is cut off, the stalk is transported upwards, only need to overcome the gravity of the stalk and fruit ears, without forcing the stalk to be pulled and squeezed, and the energy consumption is less;

(2) The ear is broken by the ear folding plate, which avoids direct contact with the stem pulling roller and effectively prevents the ear from being gnawed; the ear folding plate is installed obliquely, which makes the stress area of the corn ear reasonable, and more effectively protects the ear from loss ;

(3) In line with people's operating habits, the force of bending the ear handle is much smaller than the force of breaking the ear handle, which can effectively reduce the energy consumption of ear picking;

(4) The ear picking device is located at the top, and the ear can be dropped by its own gravity after being broken, and because the ear picking board is installed at a higher position, there is sufficient space to install the scion device at the bottom, and the scion device is designed to be inclined downward, which can make the ear in the Under the action of its own gravity, it slides down to the transport auger without installing an additional ear picking device, which simplifies the mechanism, and the scion device can adjust the extension length to ensure the scion effect;

(5) The ear will fall quickly after being broken, and will not be in too much contact with the ear picking device, thus avoiding the damage of the ear picking device to the ear;

(6) The adjustment of the angle and height of the ear picking device can make the header of the corn harvester better adapt to the corn plants in different growth conditions.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the bending type corn harvester header of the present invention (part of the crop divider is hidden);

Fig. 2 is the axonometric view of the bending type corn harvester header of the present invention (part of the grain divider is hidden);

Fig. 3 is the side view of the header of the bending type corn harvester of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is the top view of the cutting platform of the bending type corn harvester of the present invention (part of the grain divider is hidden);

Fig. 5 is the structural representation of scion device;

Fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of the cutting device.

The reference signs therein are:

1 Reel chain 2 Grain divider

3 pulling stem roller 4 folding fringe board

5 transport auger 6 scion device

7 moving cutter head 8 fixed bottom knife

9 adjust sector plate 10 movable end

11 fixed end 12 lower connecting plate

13 connecting pin 14 middle connecting plate

15 Hydraulic cylinder 16 Adjusting pin

17 Upper connection plate 18 Cutter installation plate

A working surface of ear picking device

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

The present invention adopts the bending-type corn harvester header of pulling up the stem and folding the ears with the ear-folding plate, and uses the broken ear-picking principle instead of pulling and breaking the ears, so that the process of ear-picking is more labor-saving, thereby reducing the energy consumption of ear-picking; The ear plate separates the ear from the stem pulling roller, avoiding the damage caused by the stem pulling roller to the ear; Adjust the height and horizontal angle of the ear picking device according to the actual growth height and inclination angle of the plant. After the ear is folded, it falls into the scion device under the action of gravity, which saves the ear picking device, and can quickly detach the ear to reduce damage; the scion device is designed as a smooth plate inclined downward, so that the ear can automatically slide to the rear for conveying Auger; the corn stalks are fed upwards to the stalk roller, and the bottom of the stalk is cut off by a rotary cutting device, so that the stalk roller only has to overcome the gravity of the corn plant itself and does not have to bear the force caused by pulling and compressing the stalk, saving energy consumption.

As shown in Figures 1 to 4, the bending type corn harvester header of the present invention includes an upper connecting plate 17, a middle connecting plate 14, a lower connecting plate 12, an ear picking device, a scion device 6 and a cutting device.

The bottom end of the middle connecting plate 14 of the header is rotatably connected with the top of the lower connecting plate 12 by connecting pins 13, the top of the middle connecting plate 14 is provided with a plurality of adjustment holes along the vertical direction, and the bottom of the upper connecting plate 17 is adjusted The pin 16 is inserted into the adjustment hole provided on the upper part of the middle connecting plate 14 and connected with the upper part of the middle connecting plate 14 . The back side of middle connecting plate 14 is hinged with hydraulic cylinder 15, by adjusting the telescopic amount of hydraulic cylinder 15, adjusts the vertical angle of middle connecting plate 14, thereby regulates the horizontal angle of the ear picking device that is connected with upper connecting plate 17.

A plurality of ear picking devices are horizontally arranged side by side on the upper connecting plate 17 . Each ear picking device is divided into two parts that are left and right symmetrical, and the long strip between the left and right parts is the working surface A of the ear picking device; the front end of the ear picking device is open, which is easy for corn plants to enter the ear picking device Working surface A; the left and right parts of the ear picking device include a reel chain 1, a grain divider 2, a stem pulling roller 3, an ear folding plate 4 and a driving wheel group.

The stalk pulling roller 3 includes a front cone guide section and a rear cylindrical plucking ear section; the surface of the cylindrical plucking ear section has a helical boss; two stalk pulling rollers 3 of the ear picking device rotate in opposite directions, and the stalks are turned toward each other. transported upwards.

The reel chain 1 is arranged on the top of the stem pulling roller 3 to play the role of forced feeding; the reel chain 1 is set on the driving wheel set, and is driven to rotate by the driving wheel set. The grain divider 2 covers the top of the reel chain 1 .

The ear folding plate 4 is positioned directly below the stalk roller 3; the ear folding plate 4 has an inclination angle with the horizontal plane, so that in the ear picking process, the ear of corn can move upwards along the inclination angle, effectively reducing the impact on the ear. The damage caused by the collision and extrusion of the ear; under the action of the ear folding plate 4, the corn ear is bent and deformed and finally picked off.

As shown in FIG. 5 , the scion device 6 has a certain inclination angle to the horizontal plane, and includes a fixed end 11 and a movable end 10 . The fixed end 11 of the scion device 6 is affixed to the bottom of the lower connecting plate 12 of the header, and the inside of the fixed end 11 of the scion device 6 is provided with a transport auger 5 . The movable end 10 of the scion device 6 is telescopically connected with the fixed end 11 . The inclination angle of the scion device 6 is determined by the speed of the vehicle, the rotating speed of the stalk roller, the height of the corn plant, and the height of the ear, so as to ensure that the ear can be caught smoothly without affecting the process of the corn stalk being transported upward. Fruit ear falls into the movable end 10 of scion device 6 after being folded down by ear folding plate 4, and slides to transport auger 5 under the action of gravity, completes the collection of corn ear.

Preferably, a plurality of adjustment holes are equally spaced on the side of the movable end 10 of the scion device 6 , and are connected to the outer side of the fixed end 11 by pins. Preferably, the interval between adjacent adjustment holes is 50mm.

The cutting device is arranged at the bottom of the scion device 6, and is used to cut the stalk from the bottom of the corn stalk, so that the corn plant can enter the working surface A of the ear picking device smoothly. As shown in FIG. 6 , the cutting device is a rotary cutting device, which includes an adjusting fan-shaped plate 9 , a cutter mounting plate 18 , a fixed bottom knife 8 and multiple pairs of movable cutter heads 7 .

Wherein, the adjusting fan-shaped plate 9 is fixedly connected with the bottom of the scion device 6 . The rear end of the cutter mounting plate 18 is rotatably connected with the center of circle of the adjustment fan-shaped plate 9, and is fixedly spaced by a pin and an adjustment hole on the adjustment fan-shaped plate 9.

The fixed bottom knife 8 and the moving knife disc 7 are installed on the front end of the cutter mounting plate 18, and each pair of moving knife discs 7 includes two moving blades rotating in opposite directions. Moving cutter head 7 below. The angle adjustment range between the fixed bottom knife 8 and the horizontal plane is 1°-20°.

Preferably, the end of the conical guide section of the stem pulling roller 3 is located directly above the cutting device; further, the end of the conical guide section of the stem pulling roller 3 is located directly above the edge end of the fixed bottom knife 8 of the cutting device , to ensure that the cutting device cuts the stalks and feeds the stalks to the stem pulling roller 3 .

Working process of the present invention is as follows:

During work, at first according to the height and the growing state of operation object corn plant, regulate the extension length of hydraulic cylinder 15 and the extension length of upper connecting plate 17 relative to middle connecting plate 14, thereby regulate the horizontal angle and the height of ear picking device. Determine the operating vehicle speed and the rotating speed of the ear-picking plate, and adjust the telescopic amount of the movable end 10 of the ear-picking device 6 and the horizontal angle of the cutting device according to it.

When starting to harvest corn, the conical guide section of the stalk roller 3 guides the stalk so that it enters the cylindrical ear section of the stalk roller 3 smoothly. Arriving at the cutting device, the movable cutter head 7 rotates to form a shearing force with the fixed bottom knife 8 to cut the bottom of the stalk. The cut stalk is pulled upwards by the stem roller 3 of the ear picking device.

The stalk pulling roller 3 adopts two oppositely rotating rollers with spiral bosses on the surface. During operation, the left roller rotates counterclockwise, and the right roller rotates clockwise, so that the stalk can be transported backward and upward. The top of the stalk roller 3 has the effect of forced feeding. An inclined ear folding plate 4 is installed under the stem pulling roller 3. When the stalk is conveyed upward, when the ear reaches the ear folding plate 4, it cannot pass through the ear folding plate 4. gap, under the effect of ear-folding plate 4, the ear of corn bends and deforms and is finally picked off.

The ear is dropped into the scion device 6 after being folded by the ear folding plate 4, and slides down to the transport auger 5 under the action of gravity to complete the collection of the ear of corn.

The contents not described in detail in the description of the present invention belong to the prior art known to those skilled in the art.

Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention without limitation. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention can be Modifications or equivalent replacements of the technical solutions without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention shall be covered by the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. The utility model provides a bending type maize picker header which characterized in that: the header comprises an upper connecting plate (17), a middle connecting plate (14), a lower connecting plate (12), an ear picking device, an ear grafting device (6) and a cutting device;

the bottom end of a middle connecting plate (14) of the header is rotatably connected with the top end of a lower connecting plate (12) through a connecting pin (13), the upper part of the middle connecting plate (14) is provided with a plurality of adjusting holes along the vertical direction, and the lower part of an upper connecting plate (17) is inserted into the adjusting holes arranged at the upper part of the middle connecting plate (14) through adjusting pins (16) and is connected with the upper part of the middle connecting plate (14); the back of the middle connecting plate (14) is hinged with a hydraulic cylinder (15);

a plurality of ear picking devices are horizontally arranged on the upper connecting plate (17) in parallel; each ear picking device is divided into two parts which are symmetrical left and right; the left part and the right part of the ear picking device both comprise a reel chain (1), a stalk pulling roller (3), an ear folding plate (4) and a driving wheel set;

the stem-pulling roller (3) comprises a conical guide section at the front part and a cylindrical snapping section at the rear part; the surface of the cylindrical snapping section is provided with a spiral boss; two stalk-pulling rollers (3) of the ear-picking device rotate oppositely to convey the stalks backwards and upwards;

the reel chain (1) is arranged above the stem pulling roller (3); the reel chain (1) is sleeved on the driving wheel set and is driven to rotate by the driving wheel set;

the ear breaking plate (4) is positioned under the stem pulling roller (3); the ear folding plate (4) and the horizontal plane have an inclination angle;

the scion device (6) has a certain inclination angle with the horizontal plane, and the scion device (6) comprises a fixed end (11) and a movable end (10); a fixed end (11) of the scion device (6) is fixedly connected with the lower part of a lower connecting plate (12) of the header, and a transportation auger (5) is arranged inside the fixed end (11) of the scion device (6); the movable end (10) of the scion device (6) is telescopically connected with the fixed end (11);

the cutting device is arranged at the bottom of the scion device (6).

2. The folding corn harvester header of claim 1, wherein: the side surface of the movable end (10) of the scion device (6) is provided with a plurality of adjusting holes at equal intervals and is connected with the outer side of the fixed end (11) through pins.

3. The folding corn harvester header of claim 2, wherein: the interval between adjacent adjusting holes on the movable end (10) is 50 mm.

4. The folding corn harvester header of claim 1, wherein: the left part and the right part of the ear picking device further comprise a divider (2), and the divider (2) is covered above the reel chain (1).

5. The folding corn harvester header of claim 1, wherein: the cutting device and the horizontal plane form an included angle of 1-20 degrees.

6. The folding corn harvester header of claim 1, wherein: the tail end of the conical guide section of the stalk-pulling roller (3) is positioned right above the cutting device.

7. The folding corn harvester header of claim 1, wherein: the cutting device is a rotary cutting device and comprises an adjusting sector plate (9), a cutter mounting plate (18), a fixed bottom cutter (8) and a plurality of pairs of movable cutter discs (7); wherein,

the adjusting fan-shaped plate (9) is fixedly connected with the bottom of the scion device (6); the rear end of the cutter mounting plate (18) is rotationally connected with the circle center of the adjusting sector plate (9) and is fixed and limited with an adjusting hole on the adjusting sector plate (9) through a pin;

the fixed bed knife (8) and the movable knife disc (7) are arranged at the front end of the cutter mounting plate (18), each pair of movable knife discs (7) consists of two movable knife blades which rotate in opposite directions, the front part of the fixed bed knife (8) is provided with a knife edge end, and the fixed bed knife (8) is positioned below the movable knife disc (7).

8. The folding corn harvester header of claim 7, wherein: the adjusting range of the included angle between the fixed bed knife (8) and the horizontal plane is 1-20 degrees.

9. The folding corn harvester header of claim 7, wherein: the tail end of the conical guide section of the stalk-pulling roller (3) is positioned right above the blade end of the fixed bed knife (8) of the cutting device.