CN106410278B - A kind of sulfonyl modified inorganic object additive and method of modifying for lithium battery electrolytes - Google Patents
A kind of sulfonyl modified inorganic object additive and method of modifying for lithium battery electrolytes Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4235—Safety or regulating additives or arrangements in electrodes, separators or electrolyte
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- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
- H01M2300/0028—Organic electrolyte characterised by the solvent
- H01M2300/0037—Mixture of solvents
- H01M2300/004—Three solvents
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of sulfonyl modified inorganic object additive and method of modifying for lithium battery electrolytes, the additive uses the Mg of nanoscale, Al, Si, Ti, V, Zr, Sc, Mn, Cr, Co, Ni, Zn, the oxide of Ce is as fertile material, first in concentrated sulfuric acid by the dispersion of the oxide of nanoscale, by high-temperature process, sulfonyl is superscribed in oxide surface, due under Strong oxdiative environment, nano-oxide surface is wrapped fine and close sulfonyl, simultaneously because sulfonyl has electrophilic characteristic, stability is kept in the electrolytic solution, while uniformity, charge conductive channel in battery can be improved, the resistance of electrolyte is not influenced.The present invention provides the above method, and after overcoming flame retardant for Li-ion battery addition in the prior art, caused electrolyte is uneven, the shortcomings that internal resistance of cell increases, and the raw material that the present invention uses is common, and it is cheap, it is suitable for the large-scale promotion of lithium ion battery and the demand of application.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to nonaqueous electrolytic solution high temperature flame-proof additive and its method of modifying, more particularly to a kind of to be used for lithium battery
The sulfonyl modified inorganic object additive and method of modifying of electrolyte.
Background technology
For lithium rechargeable battery as a kind of novel chemical energy source, it relies primarily on lithium ion between a positive electrode and a negative electrode
Movement carrys out work.In charge and discharge process, the embedded and deintercalation back and forth between two electrodes of Li ions.Battery, which generally uses, to be contained
The porous material of elemental lithium is the representative of modern high performance battery as electrode.As a new generation green high-efficient energy-storage battery,
Lithium ion battery has weight small, and energy density is high, have extended cycle life, operating voltage height, memory-less effect, non-environmental-pollution etc.
Advantage is widely used in the portable electronic devices such as mobile phone, laptop, video camera, and the following electric vehicle with
And the preferred electrical source of power of mixed type electric automobile, it has broad application prospects and huge economic benefit.With lithium ion
Battery by more be used for power battery, in fast charging and discharging easily generate temperature variation, thus cause it is unstable because
Element.Lithium rechargeable battery releases a large amount of Joule heats in the case where excessive charge and discharge, short circuit and high current work long hours, this
A little heats become the security risk of inflammable electrolyte, may cause catastrophic thermal breakdown even battery explosion.It is existing at present to add
Add fire retardant to overcome the defect.
Chinese invention patent application number 201410474938.7 discloses a kind of anti-overcharge flame-proof battery electrolyte, including non-
Aqueous organic solvent, lithium salts, film forming and anti-overcharge additive.The invention is in the electrolyte prescription of its battery, and addition function adds
Add agent, as the component of solid electrolyte boundary layer, improves the anti-overcharge performance of electrolyte, flame retardant property is improved, to solve
The safety problem of lithium battery.And battery high/low temperature and cycle performance are not influenced, there is good anti-overcharge performance and fire retardation.
But this additive molecule formula is complicated, synthesis condition is harsh, to ion in the battery transported inhibition, it is added
The internal resistance that electrolyte can be increased afterwards, so as to cause the internal resistance of cell increases, and more electric energy are consumed in internal resistance.
Chinese invention patent application number 201010003004.7 disclose a kind of flame-retardant electrolyte, lithium rechargeable battery and
Its manufacturing method.This method be by lithium salts, linear carbonate class solvent, at least one ammonium cation, phosphoric acid class solvent and comprising
The additive of oxalic acid borate is as flame retardant electrolyte solution.The invention has the advantages of being simple in technique and low-cost, it is easy to accomplish
Large-scale production.However, the invention is mainly or using lithium ion salt as the raw material of fire retardant, in battery charge and discharge process
It can be consumed, secondly Ammonium Salt Ionic therein is very likely to be released ammonia in charge and discharge process, leads to battery volume
It expands and bursts.
Chinese invention patent application number 201010597448.8 discloses a kind of combined electrolysis improving battery high-temperature behavior
Solution additive can effectively improve the safety of battery at high operating temperatures, fire-retardant, prevent battery from leading to electrolyte because of overheat
Burning is so that explosion.The invention is to use to be made of fluorine-substituted carbonic ester and alkyl phosphate.Both it was effectively guaranteed
The safety of battery at high operating temperatures, has the electrical property not to battery to have an impact, and can meet consumer well to electricity
The demand of pond high security.But the technology is actually to mix fluorine-substituted carbonic ester and alkyl phosphate in any proportion
Close, the method for this mechanical mixture, can only limited solution problems of excessive heat, and the viscosity of its fire retardant and electrolyte difference compared with
Greatly, cause the separation of electrolyte uneven.
According to above-mentioned analysis, existing fire retardant at fire-retardant aspect although have preferable function, due to fire retardant and electricity
Solving liquid, there are larger differences, therefore can influence the viscosity of electrolyte, and the internal resistance for also improving battery to a certain extent destroys
The cycle performance of battery at high temperature.To which such case can bring more negative effect, lithium ion battery is seriously restricted
Further genralrlization and application.Inorganic oxide itself has good high-temperature stability, if using inorganic oxide conduct
The parent of fire retardant provides the electrolyte structure channel of multidimensional, wraps up oxide using electrophilic group, keeps charge free
It is transmitted on fire retardant surface, by the effective solution above problem.
Invention content
Although solving battery temperature to a certain extent after being added for currently used lithium ion battery fire retardant
Unstable and spontaneous combustion problems caused by raising improve lithium ion battery electricity in charge and discharge process at high temperature to a certain extent
The safety that pond uses, but there are difference for the viscosity of this flame-retardant electrolyte and electrolyte, result in electrolyte and are unevenly distributed
The problem of, and fire retardant itself has higher resistance, and which improves the internal resistances of battery to destroy battery high-temperature environment
Under cycle performance, seriously affected further genralrlization and the application of lithium ion battery.Therefore the present invention proposes a kind of for lithium
The sulfonyl modified inorganic object additive and method of modifying of battery electrolyte, the method be using nanoscale Mg, Al,
The oxide of Si, Ti, V, Zr, Sc, Mn, Cr, Co, Ni, Zn, Ce are as fertile material, first by the oxide of nanoscale point
It dissipates in concentrated sulfuric acid, by high-temperature process, to obtain flame-retardant additive.Since inorganic oxide itself has good high temperature
Stability, the parent using inorganic oxide as fire retardant provide the electrolyte structure channel of multidimensional, using electrophilic group
Wrap up oxide, charge allow freely to be transmitted on fire retardant surface, by the effective solution above problem, to increase lithium from
The cycle charge-discharge performance and stability of sub- battery at ambient and elevated temperatures, further expand the popularization of lithium ion battery and answer
With with very high commercial application value.
The present invention provides a kind of sulfonyl modified inorganic object additive and method of modifying for lithium battery electrolytes, uses
The oxide of Mg, Al, Si, Ti, V, Zr, Sc, Mn, Cr, Co, Ni, Zn, Ce of nanoscale will be received first as fertile material
The oxide dispersion of metrical scale in concentrated sulfuric acid, includes the following steps by high-temperature process to obtain flame-retardant additive：
（1）Using the metal nitrate of Mg, Al, Si, Ti, V, Zr, Sc, Mn, Cr, Co, Ni, Zn, Ce as raw material, by certain
Ratio be dissolved in solvent, the molar concentration of wherein metal ion is maintained at 0.2-1.5M, and magnetic agitation 0.5-5 hours makes nitre
After hydrochlorate is dissolved completely in solvent, forms clear solution, then triethanolamine be slowly added dropwise into solution, adjust solution ph to
6-6.5 is formed and is coagulated solid colloid；
（2）Obtained colloid is placed in 80 DEG C of baking oven and carries out drying and processing, powder is taken out after 8-30 hours, is ground
Mill, is heat-treated 2 hours at 300-600 DEG C and obtains nanometer metal oxide powder；
（3）It in concentrated sulfuric acid, by 100-130 DEG C of high-temperature process, is obtained by nanometer metal oxide powder dispersion
To sulfonyl modified metal-oxide powder.
Preferably, the solvent be absolute ethyl alcohol, ether, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, toluene, acetonitrile, dimethyl sulfoxide,
One or more of n,N-Dimethylformamide, acetone etc..
Preferably, the dropwise addition process of the triethanolamine needs the pH value for monitoring solution in real time, is shaken when being added dropwise.
Preferably, pay attention to stirring powder in the drying course, stir within every 5 minutes once, confirm in powder there is no water
Vapour.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the nanometer metal oxide powder and the concentrated sulfuric acid is 1:10-20.
Preferably, the nanometer metal oxide powder first tiles and is dispersed in beaker bottom, is then slowly falling thereto
Enter the concentrated sulfuric acid, addition while keeps concussion.
The present invention also provides a kind of lithium battery electrolytes, and ethylene carbonic ether, carbovinate fat, dimethyl carbonic ether are pressed
Volume ratio 1:1:It is lithium hexafluoro phosphate that 1 ratio, which is hybridly prepared into solute, and the electrolyte of a concentration of 1-1.5mol/L takes the electricity
100 grams of liquid is solved, the sulfonyl modified metal-oxide powder 0.5-2g as described in right wants 1-6 is added thereto and is disperseed,
Prepare the lithium battery electrolytes.
By a kind of lithium ion battery of the lithium battery electrolytes special-purpose anti-flaming additive of the invention prepared and before being not added with
Performance of lithium ion battery is more as shown in table 1.
Table 1
| Performance indicator | The internal resistance of cell（Ohm） | 80 DEG C of cycle lives（Ten thousand hours） | The upper limit temperature of heat tolerance |
| It is not added with | 2.1 | 0.01 | 80℃ |
| Add additive of the present invention | 0.04 | 1.2 | 160℃ |
A kind of sulfonyl modified inorganic object additive and method of modifying for lithium battery electrolytes, with prior art phase
Than the feature and excellent effect protruded is：
1, the present invention prepares the method environmental protection of inorganic oxide using metal nitrate, has very strong operability and general
Adaptive, the metal oxide nano particles uniform particle diameter of preparation, stability is high, the mother using inorganic oxide as fire retardant
Body provides the electrolyte structure channel of multidimensional.
2, the present invention wraps up oxide using electrophilic group, so that charge is freely transmitted on fire retardant surface, will have
Effect solves the above problems, to increase the cycle charge-discharge performance and stability of lithium ion battery at ambient and elevated temperatures,
The promotion and application of lithium ion battery are further expanded, there is very high commercial application value.
3, the raw material that the present invention uses is common industrial chemicals, and input is small, and yield is high, can significantly reduce cost, tool
There is significant market application value.
4, the present invention uses simple production technology, significantly reduces the production cost of flame-retardant additive, can carry out scale
Change and streaming produces.
Specific implementation mode
In the following, the present invention will be further described in detail by way of specific embodiments, but this should not be interpreted as to the present invention
Range be only limitted to example below.Without departing from the idea of the above method of the present invention, according to ordinary skill
The various replacements or change that knowledge and customary means are made, should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
（1）It using nitric acid magnesium salts as raw material, is dissolved in solvent according to a certain percentage, wherein the molar concentration of magnesium ion is kept
In 0.2M, magnetic agitation 0.5 hour after so that nitric acid magnesium salts is dissolved completely in absolute ethyl alcohol, forms clear solution, then slowly to
Triethanolamine is added dropwise in solution, adjusts solution ph to 6, is formed and coagulate solid colloid；
（2）Obtained colloid is placed in 80 DEG C of baking oven and carries out drying and processing, is stirred within every 5 minutes once, after 8 hours
Powder is taken out, mechanical lapping, is heat-treated 2 hours at 300 DEG C and obtains nanometer magnesia powder；
（3）By nanometer magnesia powder dispersion in concentrated sulfuric acid, the nanometer magnesia powder and the concentrated sulfuric acid
Mass ratio is 1:10, by 100 DEG C of high-temperature process, obtain sulfonyl modified Nano magnesium oxide powder.
The sulfonyl modified inorganic object flame-retardant additive for lithium battery electrolytes being prepared by method in embodiment 1
Applied in lithium ion battery, it is as shown in table 2 to obtain parameter by performance test.
Embodiment 2
（1）It using nitric acid aluminium salt as raw material, is dissolved in solvent according to a certain percentage, wherein aluminum ions molar concentration is kept
In 0.4M, magnetic agitation 0.8 hour after so that nitric acid aluminium salt is dissolved completely in ether, forms clear solution, then slowly to solution
Middle dropwise addition triethanolamine adjusts solution ph to 6.1, is formed and coagulate solid colloid；
（2）Obtained colloid is placed in 80 DEG C of baking oven and carries out drying and processing, is stirred within every 5 minutes once, 10 hours
Powder is taken out afterwards, mechanical lapping, be heat-treated at 350 DEG C obtain within 2 hours it is nano alumina powder jointed；
（3）By the nano alumina powder jointed dispersion in concentrated sulfuric acid, the nanometer magnesia powder and the concentrated sulfuric acid
Mass ratio is 1:11, by 100 DEG C of high-temperature process, obtain sulfonyl modified nano-alumina powder.
The sulfonyl modified inorganic object flame-retardant additive for lithium battery electrolytes being prepared by method in embodiment 2
Applied in lithium ion battery, it is as shown in table 2 to obtain parameter by performance test.
Embodiment 3
（1）It using nitric acid titanium salt as raw material, is dissolved in solvent according to a certain percentage, wherein the molar concentration of titanium ion is kept
In 0.5M, magnetic agitation 0.9 hour after so that nitric acid titanium salt is dissolved completely in chloroform, forms clear solution, then slowly to
Triethanolamine is added dropwise in solution, adjusts solution ph to 6.2, is formed and coagulate solid colloid；
（2）Obtained colloid is placed in 80 DEG C of baking oven and carries out drying and processing, is stirred within every 5 minutes once, 14 hours
Powder is taken out afterwards, mechanical lapping, is heat-treated 2 hours at 375 DEG C and obtains nano titania；
（3）By nano titania dispersion in concentrated sulfuric acid, the nanometer magnesia powder and the concentrated sulfuric acid
Mass ratio is 1:15, by 110 DEG C of high-temperature process, obtain sulfonyl modified Nano titanium dioxide powder.
The sulfonyl modified inorganic object flame-retardant additive for lithium battery electrolytes being prepared by method in embodiment 3
Applied in lithium ion battery, it is as shown in table 2 to obtain parameter by performance test.
Embodiment 4
（1）It using nitric acid cobalt salt as raw material, is dissolved in solvent according to a certain percentage, wherein the molar concentration of cobalt ions is kept
In 1.2M, magnetic agitation 2.8 hours after so that nitric acid cobalt salt is dissolved completely in ethyl acetate, forms clear solution, then slowly to
Triethanolamine is added dropwise in solution, adjusts solution ph to 6.5, is formed and coagulate solid colloid；
（2）Obtained colloid is placed in 80 DEG C of baking oven and carries out drying and processing, is stirred within every 5 minutes once, 20 hours
Powder is taken out afterwards, mechanical lapping, is heat-treated 2 hours at 500 DEG C and obtains nanometer cobalt oxide powder；
（3）By nanometer cobalt oxide powder dispersion in concentrated sulfuric acid, the nanometer magnesia powder and the concentrated sulfuric acid
Mass ratio is 1:16, by 120 DEG C of high-temperature process, obtain sulfonyl modified Nano cobalt oxide powder.
The sulfonyl modified inorganic object flame-retardant additive for lithium battery electrolytes being prepared by method in embodiment 4
Applied in lithium ion battery, it is as shown in table 2 to obtain parameter by performance test.
Embodiment 5
（1）It using nitric acid zinc salt as raw material, is dissolved in solvent according to a certain percentage, wherein the molar concentration of zinc ion is kept
In 1.5M, magnetic agitation 5 hours after so that nitric acid zinc salt is dissolved completely in ethyl acetate, forms clear solution, then slowly to molten
Triethanolamine is added dropwise in liquid, adjusts solution ph to 6.5, is formed and coagulate solid colloid；
（2）Obtained colloid is placed in 80 DEG C of baking oven and carries out drying and processing, is stirred within every 5 minutes once, 30 hours
Powder is taken out afterwards, mechanical lapping, is heat-treated 2 hours at 650 DEG C and obtains nanometer Zinc oxide powder；
（3）By nanometer Zinc oxide powder dispersion in concentrated sulfuric acid, the nanometer magnesia powder and the concentrated sulfuric acid
Mass ratio is 1:20, by 130 DEG C of high-temperature process, obtain sulfonyl modified nano zinc oxide powder.
The sulfonyl modified inorganic object flame-retardant additive for lithium battery electrolytes being prepared by method in embodiment 5
Applied in lithium ion battery, it is as shown in table 2 to obtain parameter by performance test.
Table 2
| Performance indicator | The internal resistance of cell（Ohm） | 80 DEG C of cycle lives（Ten thousand hours） | The upper limit temperature of heat tolerance |
| Embodiment 1 | 0.10 | 0.9 | 130℃ |
| Embodiment 2 | 0.07 | 0.8 | 155℃ |
| Embodiment 3 | 0.04 | 1.2 | 135℃ |
| Embodiment 4 | 0.07 | 1.0 | 145℃ |
| Embodiment 5 | 0.11 | 1.1 | 160℃ |
Claims (7)
1. a kind of sulfonyl modified inorganic object additive for lithium battery electrolytes, which is characterized in that using nanoscale
The oxide of Mg, Al, Si, Ti, V, Zr, Sc, Mn, Cr, Co, Ni, Zn, Ce are as fertile material, by the oxide of nanoscale
Dispersion in concentrated sulfuric acid, by high-temperature process, obtains flame-retardant additive；The additive is prepared by the following method：
（1）Using the metal nitrate of Mg, Al, Si, Ti, V, Zr, Sc, Mn, Cr, Co, Ni, Zn, Ce as raw material, by certain ratio
Example is dissolved in solvent, and the molar concentration of wherein metal ion is maintained at 0.2-1.5M, and magnetic agitation 0.5-5 hours makes nitrate
After being dissolved completely in solvent, clear solution is formed, then triethanolamine is slowly added dropwise into solution, adjusts solution ph to 6-
6.5, it is formed and coagulates solid colloid；
（2）Obtained colloid is placed in 80 DEG C of baking oven and carries out drying and processing, takes out powder after 8-30 hours, is ground,
It is heat-treated 2 hours at 300-600 DEG C and obtains nanometer metal oxide powder；
（3）Nanometer metal oxide powder dispersion in concentrated sulfuric acid, by 100-130 DEG C of high-temperature process, is being obtained into sulphur
Acyl modified metal oxide powder.
2. a kind of sulfonyl modified inorganic object additive for lithium battery electrolytes, feature exist according to claim 1
In：The solvent is absolute ethyl alcohol, ether, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, toluene, acetonitrile, dimethyl sulfoxide, N, N- dimethyl methyls
One or more of amide, acetone etc..
3. a kind of sulfonyl modified inorganic object additive for lithium battery electrolytes, feature exist according to claim 1
In：The dropwise addition process of the triethanolamine needs the pH value for monitoring solution in real time, is shaken when being added dropwise.
4. a kind of sulfonyl modified inorganic object additive for lithium battery electrolytes, feature exist according to claim 1
In：Powder is stirred in the drying course, stirred within every 5 minutes once, confirmed in powder do not have steam.
5. a kind of sulfonyl modified inorganic object additive for lithium battery electrolytes, feature exist according to claim 1
In：The mass ratio of the nanometer metal oxide powder and the concentrated sulfuric acid is 1:10-20.
6. a kind of sulfonyl modified inorganic object additive for lithium battery electrolytes, feature exist according to claim 1
In：The nanometer metal oxide powder first tiles and is dispersed in beaker bottom, is then being poured slowly into the concentrated sulfuric acid thereto, is added
While keep concussion.
7. a kind of lithium battery electrolytes, it is characterised in that：Vinyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate are pressed into body
Product ratio 1:1:It is lithium hexafluoro phosphate that 1 ratio, which is hybridly prepared into solute, and the electrolyte of a concentration of 1-1.5mol/L takes the electrolysis
100 grams of liquid is added right such as and 1-6 any one of them sulfonyl modified metal-oxide powder 0.5-2g is wanted to be divided thereto
It dissipates, prepares the lithium battery electrolytes.
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| KR102252684B1 (en) * | 2019-11-22 | 2021-05-17 | 세방전지(주) | All solid state battery comprising solid electrolyte having sulfonated aluminium oxide and method for manufacturing the same |
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