CN106409362A - Single-tube experiment device for passive residual heat removal of molten salt reactors - Google Patents

Single-tube experiment device for passive residual heat removal of molten salt reactors Download PDF

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CN106409362A
CN106409362A CN201610899803.4A CN201610899803A CN106409362A CN 106409362 A CN106409362 A CN 106409362A CN 201610899803 A CN201610899803 A CN 201610899803A CN 106409362 A CN106409362 A CN 106409362A
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condenser
heat exchange
drum
exchange element
water inlet
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阎昌琪
宋绍闯
吴祥成
孟兆明
陈凯伦
杨宗昊
遇洁
丁涛
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Harbin Engineering University
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G21NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21CNUCLEAR REACTORS
    • G21C17/00Monitoring; Testing ; Maintaining
    • G21C17/001Mechanical simulators
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E30/00Energy generation of nuclear origin
    • Y02E30/30Nuclear fission reactors

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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明提供一种用于熔盐堆非能动余热排出的单管实验装置,包括管式立式电炉、换热元件、汽包、冷凝器;管式立式电炉模拟熔盐堆排盐罐中熔盐的温度变化情况;换热元件下部插入管式立式电炉中,上部与汽包连接,换热元件的进出口都位于汽包内部;换热元件是由两层套管组成的鞘型换热元件,包括外层套管、中间套管和中心进水管,中间套管和中心进水管之间形成一个供蒸汽流通的环形通道,中心进水管底部与该通道连通;冷凝器的入口与汽包的顶部相连接,冷凝器的出口与汽包的进水口相连接。本发明可用于对熔盐堆非能动余热排出系统特性进行实验研究,工作安全可靠,设计合理,操作简单,可反复使用,为研究熔盐堆非能动余热排出系统特性提供了一个平台。

The invention provides a single-tube experimental device for exhausting passive waste heat from a molten salt reactor, which includes a tube-type vertical electric furnace, a heat exchange element, a steam drum, and a condenser; The temperature change of molten salt; the lower part of the heat exchange element is inserted into the tube vertical electric furnace, the upper part is connected with the steam drum, and the inlet and outlet of the heat exchange element are located inside the steam drum; the heat exchange element is a sheath type composed of two layers of casing The heat exchange element includes the outer casing, the middle casing and the central water inlet pipe. An annular passage for steam circulation is formed between the middle casing and the central water inlet pipe. The bottom of the central water inlet pipe communicates with the passage; the inlet of the condenser is connected to the The top of the steam drum is connected, and the outlet of the condenser is connected with the water inlet of the steam drum. The invention can be used for experimental research on the characteristics of the passive waste heat discharge system of the molten salt reactor, and has safe and reliable operation, reasonable design, simple operation and repeated use, and provides a platform for studying the characteristics of the passive waste heat discharge system of the molten salt reactor.

Description

一种用于熔盐堆非能动余热排出的单管实验装置A single-pipe experimental device for passive waste heat removal of molten salt reactor

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及一种热工水力领域研究中的余热排出实验装置,尤其涉及一种用于熔盐堆非能动余热排出的单管实验装置。The invention relates to an experimental device for waste heat discharge in the field of thermal hydraulics, in particular to a single-tube experimental device for passive waste heat discharge of molten salt reactors.

背景技术Background technique

熔盐堆是6种第四代反应堆中唯一的液体燃料反应堆,它的特点是采用溶解在LiF、NaF等熔盐中的钍或铀的液态融合物作为燃料,不需要制作燃料组件。与其它堆型相比,熔盐堆具有负反应性强、无需添加可燃毒物、燃料利用率高和安全性好等优点,因此受到各国反应堆研究者的重视。The molten salt reactor is the only liquid fuel reactor among the six fourth-generation reactors. It is characterized by using liquid fusion of thorium or uranium dissolved in molten salts such as LiF and NaF as fuel, and does not need to make fuel assemblies. Compared with other reactor types, molten salt reactor has the advantages of strong negative reactivity, no need to add burnable poison, high fuel utilization rate and good safety, so it has attracted the attention of reactor researchers in various countries.

熔盐堆停堆时,系统将熔盐排入排盐罐中,熔盐堆非能动余热排出系统主要就是用于在反应堆停堆后排除排盐罐中熔盐的余热,防止熔盐温度过高而出现的安全事故,由于采用非能动技术,系统能够利用流体的循环流动持续导出熔盐产生的热量。When the molten salt reactor is shut down, the system discharges the molten salt into the salt discharge tank. The passive waste heat discharge system of the molten salt reactor is mainly used to remove the waste heat of the molten salt in the salt discharge tank after the reactor shut down to prevent the molten salt from overheating. Due to the use of passive technology, the system can use the circulation of fluid to continuously export the heat generated by molten salt.

中国专利申请第201310286718.7号,公开了一种用于熔盐堆的非能动余热排出系统,包括排盐罐、换热元件、汽包、风筒,换热元件的上部分位于汽包里,换热元件的下部分位于排盐罐里,换热元件的其余部分位于汽包和排盐罐之间,换热元件包括传热管,传热管里设置中间套管,中间套管包括内壁和外壁,内壁与外壁之间形成供蒸汽流通的通道,内壁里形成进水管路,进水管路的顶端为进水口,进水管路的底端断开并于通道相连通,风筒里安装空气冷却器,空气冷却器的端部为空气冷却器进口、中部设置翅片管,汽包与空气冷却器进口想通。本发明的系统设计方案理论上可以很好的解决熔盐堆的非能动余热排出问题,是一种较好的方案。但是,该系统只是一个理论上的设计系统,实际的运行特性不能够确定,不能直接应用于工程实践,因此需要一个更适合实验研究的实验装置来替代该系统。Chinese patent application No. 201310286718.7 discloses a passive waste heat removal system for molten salt reactors, including salt discharge tanks, heat exchange elements, steam drums, and air ducts. The upper part of the heat exchange elements is located in the steam drum. The lower part of the heat element is located in the salt discharge tank, and the rest of the heat exchange element is located between the steam drum and the salt discharge tank. The heat exchange element includes a heat transfer tube, and an intermediate sleeve is arranged in the heat transfer tube. The outer wall, the channel for steam circulation is formed between the inner wall and the outer wall, and the water inlet pipe is formed in the inner wall. The end of the air cooler is the inlet of the air cooler, the middle part is provided with finned tubes, and the steam drum and the inlet of the air cooler are connected. The system design scheme of the present invention can well solve the problem of passive waste heat discharge of the molten salt reactor theoretically, and is a better scheme. However, the system is only a theoretical design system, the actual operating characteristics cannot be determined, and it cannot be directly applied to engineering practice. Therefore, an experimental device more suitable for experimental research is needed to replace the system.

发明内容Contents of the invention

本发明的目的是为了能够更安全方便地完成熔盐堆非能动余热排出的模拟实验,获得更准确可信的实验结果而提供一种用于熔盐堆非能动余热排出的单管实验装置。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a single-tube experimental device for passive waste heat discharge of molten salt reactors in order to complete the simulation experiment of passive waste heat discharge from molten salt reactors more safely and conveniently, and to obtain more accurate and credible experimental results.

本发明的目的是这样实现的:包括管式立式电炉、换热元件、汽包、冷凝器,所述换热元件方下部插入管式立式电炉中、上部与汽包连接,且换热元件的进出口都位于汽包内部,冷凝器的入口与汽包的顶部相连接,冷凝器的出口与汽包的进水口相连接,所述汽包的顶部还设置有安全阀和压力表、汽包的侧面设置有压力传感器。The object of the present invention is achieved in the following way: comprising a tube type vertical electric furnace, a heat exchange element, a steam drum, a condenser, the lower part of the heat exchange element is inserted into the tube type vertical electric furnace, the upper part is connected with the steam drum, and the heat exchange The inlet and outlet of the components are located inside the steam drum, the inlet of the condenser is connected with the top of the steam drum, the outlet of the condenser is connected with the water inlet of the steam drum, and the top of the steam drum is also equipped with a safety valve and a pressure gauge, A pressure sensor is arranged on the side of the steam drum.

本发明还包括这样一些结构特征:The present invention also includes such structural features:

1.所述换热元件是一个由两层套管组成的鞘型换热元件,其包括外层套管、中间套管和中心进水管,中间套管和中心进水管之间嵌套形成一个供蒸汽流通的环形通道,中心进水管底部与该环形通道连通。1. The heat exchange element is a sheath-type heat exchange element composed of two layers of casing, which includes an outer casing, a middle casing and a central water inlet pipe. The middle casing and the central water inlet pipe are nested to form a An annular channel for steam circulation, the bottom of the central water inlet pipe communicates with the annular channel.

2.冷凝器的出口与汽包的进水口之间的管路上设置有凝液测量管和截止阀、且该管路通过排气阀与外界相通。2. The pipeline between the outlet of the condenser and the water inlet of the steam drum is provided with a condensate measuring tube and a stop valve, and the pipeline communicates with the outside world through the exhaust valve.

3.冷凝器的入口与汽包的顶部之间的管路上设置有压力传感器和热电偶。3. A pressure sensor and a thermocouple are installed on the pipeline between the inlet of the condenser and the top of the steam drum.

与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:本发明用管式立式电炉替代熔盐罐,因此不需要用较危险的熔盐进行实验,增加实验的安全系数。实验装置结构简单,易于装配,操作方便快捷。冷凝器采用水冷代替空冷,简化了实验系统,而且也可以更方便的研究冷凝器参数变化对系统运行的影响。总之,本发明满足熔盐堆非能动余热排出系统的实验研究要求,工作安全可靠,设计合理,结构简单,操作方便,适合应用于熔盐堆非能动余热排出系统特性的实验研究。Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effect of the present invention is that the present invention uses a tube-type vertical electric furnace to replace the molten salt tank, so there is no need to use dangerous molten salt for experiments, which increases the safety factor of experiments. The experimental device is simple in structure, easy to assemble, and convenient to operate. The condenser adopts water-cooling instead of air-cooling, which simplifies the experimental system and makes it easier to study the influence of condenser parameter changes on system operation. In a word, the present invention satisfies the experimental research requirements of the passive waste heat removal system of the molten salt reactor, has safe and reliable operation, reasonable design, simple structure and convenient operation, and is suitable for experimental research on the characteristics of the passive waste heat removal system of the molten salt reactor.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1为本发明组装后的整体结构示意图;Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure after assembly of the present invention;

图2为换热元件的结构示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a heat exchange element.

如图1所示,1为管式立式电炉、2为鞘型换热元件、3为汽包、4为压力表、5为安全阀、6为压力传感器、7为热电偶、8为冷凝器、9为凝液测量管、10为截止阀、11为排气阀、12为快装活接。As shown in Figure 1, 1 is a tube-type vertical electric furnace, 2 is a sheath-type heat exchange element, 3 is a steam drum, 4 is a pressure gauge, 5 is a safety valve, 6 is a pressure sensor, 7 is a thermocouple, and 8 is condensation Device, 9 are condensate measuring tubes, 10 are shut-off valves, 11 are exhaust valves, and 12 are quick-fit joints.

如图2所示,2-1为换热元件外套管、2-2为换热元件中间套管、2-3为换热元件中心管、2-4为换热元件的出口、2-5为换热元件的入口。As shown in Figure 2, 2-1 is the outer sleeve of the heat exchange element, 2-2 is the middle sleeve of the heat exchange element, 2-3 is the central tube of the heat exchange element, 2-4 is the outlet of the heat exchange element, 2-5 Inlet for the heat exchange element.

具体实施方式detailed description

下面结合附图与具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细描述。The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

如图1所示,本发明公开了一种用于熔盐堆非能动余热排出的单管实验装置,主要由以下部分组成:管式立式电炉1、换热元件2、汽包3、安全阀5、冷凝器8和凝液测量管9。As shown in Figure 1, the present invention discloses a single-tube experimental device for passive waste heat discharge of molten salt reactors, which mainly consists of the following parts: tube-type vertical electric furnace 1, heat exchange element 2, steam drum 3, safety Valve 5, condenser 8 and condensate measuring tube 9.

管式立式电炉1相当于熔盐堆中的排盐罐,它是本系统的热源,其产生的热量通过换热元件2传递给载热介质水,进而使系统循环运行起来。可以通过调节管式立式电炉1炉膛内的温度来进行不同温度下的实验。The tubular vertical electric furnace 1 is equivalent to the salt discharge tank in the molten salt reactor. It is the heat source of the system, and the heat generated by it is transferred to the heat-carrying medium water through the heat exchange element 2, and then the system circulates. Experiments at different temperatures can be performed by adjusting the temperature in the hearth of the tube-type vertical electric furnace 1 .

换热元件2为鞘型套管式结构,它包括外层套管2-1、中间套管2-2和中心管2-3。在系统运行时,汽包3中的水通过换热元件的入口2-5进入中心管2-3中,向下流动,到达底部后向上折返,进入一个由中间套管2-2和中心管2-3嵌套形成的环形通道,向上流动,在流动过程中被持续加热,最后环形通道内的汽水混合物经过换热元件的出口2-4进入到汽包3中,完成一个小的循环。在换热元件的进口2-5和出口2-4处装有铠装热电偶,用来测定进出口处的温度;在外层套管2-1和中间套管2-2的外壁面上焊接有热电偶,用来测定这两层套管外壁面的温度。The heat exchange element 2 is a sheath-type casing structure, which includes an outer casing 2-1, a middle casing 2-2 and a central pipe 2-3. When the system is running, the water in the steam drum 3 enters the center pipe 2-3 through the inlet 2-5 of the heat exchange element, flows downward, turns back upwards after reaching the bottom, and enters a center pipe composed of the middle casing 2-2 and the center pipe. The annular channel formed by nesting of 2-3 flows upwards and is continuously heated during the flow process. Finally, the steam-water mixture in the annular channel enters the steam drum 3 through the outlet 2-4 of the heat exchange element to complete a small cycle. Armored thermocouples are installed at the inlet 2-5 and outlet 2-4 of the heat exchange element to measure the temperature at the inlet and outlet; welded on the outer wall of the outer casing 2-1 and the middle casing 2-2 There are thermocouples used to measure the temperature of the outer wall of the two layers of casing.

汽包3为圆柱形结构,换热元件2的入口2-5和出口2-4都在汽包3内,因此汽包内为汽水混合物。汽包3的顶部安装有压力表4,用来监测汽包3内的压力;汽包3的顶部还安装有安全阀5,用于防止汽包3中压力过高安全事故的发生;汽包3的侧面上部安装有压力传感器6,用来实时监测汽包内压力的变化。The steam drum 3 is a cylindrical structure, and the inlet 2-5 and the outlet 2-4 of the heat exchange element 2 are all in the steam drum 3, so the steam-water mixture is in the steam drum. A pressure gauge 4 is installed on the top of the steam drum 3 to monitor the pressure in the steam drum 3; a safety valve 5 is also installed on the top of the steam drum 3 to prevent the occurrence of an overpressure safety accident in the steam drum 3; The side upper part of 3 is equipped with pressure sensor 6, is used for real-time monitoring the change of pressure in steam drum.

冷凝器8为水冷式冷凝器,它的冷凝管为L型换热管。汽包3中的蒸汽通过蒸汽管道进入到冷凝器8中被冷凝成水,将热量最终传递给冷凝管外侧的水。在冷凝器8的进出口处分别安装一个铠装热电偶7,用来测定该处的温度,进而计算出冷凝器的冷凝功率;在冷凝器8的进口处还安装有一个压力传感器6,用来实时监测冷凝器8入口处的压力。The condenser 8 is a water-cooled condenser, and its condenser tube is an L-shaped heat exchange tube. The steam in the steam drum 3 enters the condenser 8 through the steam pipe to be condensed into water, and the heat is finally transferred to the water outside the condenser tube. An armored thermocouple 7 is respectively installed at the inlet and outlet of the condenser 8 to measure the temperature at the place, and then calculate the condensing power of the condenser; a pressure sensor 6 is also installed at the inlet of the condenser 8 to use To monitor the pressure at the inlet of the condenser 8 in real time.

凝液测量管9为一个带有刻度的圆形玻璃管,可以用来测定一段时间内冷凝器8的凝水量,在测量时要将凝液测量管9下面的截止阀10关闭。The condensate measuring tube 9 is a circular glass tube with a scale, which can be used to measure the amount of condensed water in the condenser 8 during a period of time. When measuring, the shut-off valve 10 below the condensate measuring tube 9 will be closed.

使用本实验装置进行实验的具体操作方式如下:The specific operation method of using this experimental device to carry out the experiment is as follows:

一、实验前准备工作:准备实验所用的去离子水、自来水等材料,检查实验装置各部件是否正常,尤其是装置的气密性是否良好。1. Preparatory work before the experiment: Prepare materials such as deionized water and tap water used in the experiment, and check whether the components of the experimental device are normal, especially whether the airtightness of the device is good.

二、将去离子水加入到汽包3中,液位要没过换热元件出口2-5,但不要超过换热元件出口2-4;将自来水加入到冷凝器8中,使其液位达到一定的高度。2. Add deionized water to the steam drum 3, the liquid level should not exceed the outlet 2-5 of the heat exchange element, but not exceed the outlet 2-4 of the heat exchange element; add tap water to the condenser 8 to make the liquid level reach a certain height.

三、设定管式立式电炉1的参数,将其设定到实验所需的温度,然后开始加热。当电炉的温度达到设定的温度并稳定后,打开排气阀11,将系统中的不凝性气体排出,待不凝性气体排净后关闭排气阀11,进行实验测量。3. Set the parameters of the tube vertical electric furnace 1, set it to the temperature required for the experiment, and then start heating. When the temperature of the electric furnace reaches the set temperature and stabilizes, the exhaust valve 11 is opened to discharge the non-condensable gas in the system, and the exhaust valve 11 is closed after the non-condensable gas is exhausted, and the experimental measurement is carried out.

四、通过调节冷凝器8中的液位、汽包3中的液位、管式立式电炉1的炉温等不同参数来研究这些参数对系统流动和换热的影响。4. By adjusting different parameters such as the liquid level in the condenser 8, the liquid level in the steam drum 3, and the furnace temperature of the tube vertical electric furnace 1, the influence of these parameters on the system flow and heat transfer is studied.

五、实验完成后,将管式立式电炉1关闭,待系统压力下降到常压后,打开排气阀11进行放气,使系统维持在常压状态,防止系统处于真空状态,影响系统的气密性。待系统温度降至室温后,实验结束。5. After the experiment is completed, close the tube-type vertical electric furnace 1. After the system pressure drops to normal pressure, open the exhaust valve 11 to deflate the system to maintain the system at normal pressure and prevent the system from being in a vacuum state, which will affect the system. air tightness. After the system temperature dropped to room temperature, the experiment ended.

也即本发明是一种用于熔盐堆非能动余热排出的单管实验装置,包括管式立式电炉、换热元件、汽包、冷凝器、连接管路;管式立式电炉用于模拟熔盐堆排盐罐中熔盐的温度变化情况;换热元件下部插入管式立式电炉中,上部与汽包连接,换热元件的进出口都位于汽包内部;换热元件是一个由两层套管组成的鞘型换热元件,包括外层套管、中间套管和中心进水管,中间套管和中心进水管之间形成一个供蒸汽流通的环形通道,中心进水管底部与该通道连通;冷凝器的入口与汽包的顶部相连接,冷凝器的出口与汽包的进水口相连接。所述熔盐堆非能动余热排出单管实验装置,还包括超压保护装置,用于防止系统运行过程中压力过高出现安全事故,该保护装置的作用主要通过一个安全阀来实现,安全阀设置在汽包的顶部。所述的换热元件、汽包、冷凝器部件,其表面或内部均设置有温度传感部件,用于监测系统中各部分的温度变化。本发明还包括凝液测量装置,其设置于冷凝器出口的下部,用于收集经过冷凝器凝结的凝水。本发明还包括用于测量系统中压力的压力传感器和压力表。本发明还包括排气阀,用于排除系统中的不凝性气体。That is to say, the present invention is a single-tube experimental device for discharging passive waste heat from a molten salt reactor, including a tube-type vertical electric furnace, a heat exchange element, a steam drum, a condenser, and connecting pipelines; the tube-type vertical electric furnace is used for Simulate the temperature change of the molten salt in the molten salt stacking salt tank; the lower part of the heat exchange element is inserted into the tube vertical electric furnace, the upper part is connected to the steam drum, and the inlet and outlet of the heat exchange element are located inside the steam drum; the heat exchange element is a A sheath-type heat exchange element composed of two layers of sleeves, including an outer sleeve, a middle sleeve and a central water inlet pipe. An annular channel for steam circulation is formed between the middle sleeve and the central water inlet pipe. The bottom of the central water inlet pipe is connected to the The channel is connected; the inlet of the condenser is connected with the top of the steam drum, and the outlet of the condenser is connected with the water inlet of the steam drum. The molten salt reactor passive waste heat discharge single-pipe experimental device also includes an overpressure protection device, which is used to prevent safety accidents due to excessive pressure during system operation. The function of the protection device is mainly realized by a safety valve. The safety valve Set on top of steam drum. The heat exchange element, steam drum, and condenser components are all provided with temperature sensing components on the surface or inside to monitor the temperature change of each part in the system. The present invention also includes a condensate measuring device, which is arranged at the lower part of the outlet of the condenser, and is used for collecting condensed water condensed through the condenser. The invention also includes pressure transducers and pressure gauges for measuring pressure in the system. The invention also includes an exhaust valve for removing non-condensable gases from the system.

Claims (5)

1. a kind of single tube experimental provision for MSR passive residual heat removal it is characterised in that:Including the vertical electric furnace of tubular type, Heat exchange element, drum, condenser, in the vertical electric furnace of described heat exchange element side bottom inserting pipe-type, top is connected with drum, and changes The import and export of thermal element are all located inside steam drum, and the entrance of condenser is connected with the top of drum, the outlet of condenser and vapour The water inlet of bag is connected, and the top of described drum is additionally provided with relief valve and the side of pressure gauge, drum is provided with pressure biography Sensor.
2. a kind of single tube experimental provision for MSR passive residual heat removal according to claim 1, its feature exists In:Described heat exchange element is a sheath heat exchange element being made up of two-layer sleeve pipe, it include outer layer sleeve, intermediate casing and in Heart water inlet pipe, is nested to form a circular passage supplying steam circulation, center water inlet pipe between intermediate casing and center water inlet pipe Bottom is connected with this circular passage.
3. a kind of single tube experimental provision for MSR passive residual heat removal according to claim 1 and 2, its feature It is:Lime set measurement pipe and stop valve and this pipeline are provided with the pipeline between the outlet of condenser and the water inlet of drum Communicated with the external world by air bleeding valve.
4. a kind of single tube experimental provision for MSR passive residual heat removal according to claim 1 and 2, its feature It is:Pressure transducer and thermocouple are provided with the pipeline between the entrance of condenser and the top of drum.
5. a kind of single tube experimental provision for MSR passive residual heat removal according to claim 3, its feature exists In:Pressure transducer and thermocouple are provided with the pipeline between the entrance of condenser and the top of drum.
CN201610899803.4A 2016-10-14 2016-10-14 Single-tube experiment device for passive residual heat removal of molten salt reactors Pending CN106409362A (en)

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