CN106406981A - Disk data reading/writing method and virtual machine monitor - Google Patents
Disk data reading/writing method and virtual machine monitor Download PDFInfo
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- CN106406981A CN106406981A CN201610828213.2A CN201610828213A CN106406981A CN 106406981 A CN106406981 A CN 106406981A CN 201610828213 A CN201610828213 A CN 201610828213A CN 106406981 A CN106406981 A CN 106406981A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F9/00—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units
- G06F9/06—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units using stored programs, i.e. using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs
- G06F9/44—Arrangements for executing specific programs
- G06F9/455—Emulation; Interpretation; Software simulation, e.g. virtualisation or emulation of application or operating system execution engines
- G06F9/45533—Hypervisors; Virtual machine monitors
- G06F9/45558—Hypervisor-specific management and integration aspects
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F9/00—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units
- G06F9/06—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units using stored programs, i.e. using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs
- G06F9/44—Arrangements for executing specific programs
- G06F9/455—Emulation; Interpretation; Software simulation, e.g. virtualisation or emulation of application or operating system execution engines
- G06F9/45533—Hypervisors; Virtual machine monitors
- G06F9/45558—Hypervisor-specific management and integration aspects
- G06F2009/45579—I/O management, e.g. providing access to device drivers or storage
Abstract
Embodiments of the invention disclose a disk data reading/writing method and a virtual machine monitor, which are used for improving IO performance of a virtual disk. According to the method and the monitor disclosed by the embodiments of the invention, a Cache mechanism is simulated for the virtual disk. During data reading, partial data is pre-read and cached in a Cache; when an IO request of reading disk data is submitted through the virtual machine monitor instead of a virtual machine, the corresponding Cache is checked; and if the disk data cached in the Cache can be hit, the data cached in the Cache is returned to the virtual machine. During data writing, the virtual machine monitor combines IO requests with continuous sectors in a cached IO request of writing the disk data, caches data needed to be written by a combined IO request to the Cache, and submits the combined IO request to an operation system of a host, so that asynchronous writing of virtual disk data is finished. The IO request of reading/writing the disk data no longer needs to be submitted to the operation system of the host each time, so that IO system calling and physical disk track seeking are reduced and the disk IO performance of the virtual machine is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to computer realm, more particularly, to a kind of method of reading and writing data in magnetic disk and virtual machine monitor.
Background technology
In virtualized environment, virtual machine (English：Virtual Machine, referred to as：VM) use virtual disk mirror
Picture, including multiple format, for example：Raw, vdi, wmdk, vvfat, cow, qcow, qcow2, qed, fvd etc., virtual disk mirror
As depending on the realization of host file system.
When virtual machine reads and writes the data in virtual disk, CPU can trigger VM-EXIT, lead to CPU virtual machine and main frame it
Between switch, after virtual machine is switched to main frame, virtual machine monitor (hypervisor) program on main frame provides virtual unit
Emulation, Agent virtual machine submits disk input and output (English to host operating system：Input/Output, referred to as：IO) ask,
Complete the read-write of virtual disk data.
However, some characteristics of virtual machine, including：The emulation to virtual disk equipment for the hypervisor program on main frame,
Redundancy in virtualization storage protocol stack etc., all can reduce the performance that virtual machine reads and writes virtual disk data.
Test finds, when running multiple stage virtual machine on a main frame, virtual disk IO performance bottleneck problem table seems outstanding
For obvious, and the use of virtual machine may be had a strong impact on.
Content of the invention
Embodiments provide a kind of method of reading and writing data in magnetic disk and virtual machine monitor, be every in application layer
Caching (Cache) mechanism realized by individual virtual disk, it is possible to increase the IO performance of virtual disk.
In a first aspect, embodiments providing a kind of method reading data in magnetic disk, the method includes：
Virtual machine monitor receives the I/O Request of virtual machine reading disk data, checks that the sector that I/O Request needs read is
No in caching sector, wherein, caching sector is the sector corresponding to data in magnetic disk of caching in Cache, and described Cache is void
The Cache of the virtual disk of plan machine；If I/O Request need read sector in caching sector, virtual machine monitor from
Obtain target data in the data in magnetic disk of Cache caching, target data is returned to virtual machine.
The virtual machine of the embodiment of the present invention to read data from host request when, empty when being acted on behalf of by virtual machine monitor
When the I/O Request of reading disk data submitted to by plan machine, first check corresponding Cache, if the disk number of caching in Cache can be hit
According to the data then directly caching in return Cache is to virtual machine.Virtual machine monitor is made to receive the reading data of virtual machine
When, no longer submit the I/O Request of reading disk data to host operating system, thus decrease I/O system calling and thing every time
Reason disk tracking, improves the performance of magnetic disk of virtual machine IO.
Optionally, receive the I/O Request of virtual machine reading disk data in virtual machine monitor before, also include：
Virtual machine monitor receives the first I/O Request of virtual machine reading disk data；Virtual machine monitor Agent virtual machine
Submit the first I/O Request of reading disk data to the operating system of main frame to；Virtual machine monitor is according to the first I/O Request from main frame
Disk in a part of data in magnetic disk of pre-read, a part of data in magnetic disk of pre-read is cached in Cache.
Therefore, the embodiment of the present invention emulates Cache mechanism for virtual disk, when reading data, can pre-read partly count
According in caching Cache, in the I/O Request of successor virtual machine submission reading disk data, can first check whether and can hit
Data in Cache, if can hit, directly obtains data from Cache and returns to virtual machine, and need not be every time by IO
Host operating system is submitted in request, thus decrease I/O system calling and physical disk tracking, improves magnetic disk of virtual machine IO
Performance.
Optionally, carry the target sector that request accesses in described first I/O Request；Virtual machine monitor is according to an IO
Request a part of data in magnetic disk of pre-read from the disk of main frame includes：Virtual machine monitor determines the mesh that target sector is mated
Mark history IO information, target histories IO information includes initial sector and length, and target sector belongs in target histories IO information
Sector；The data in magnetic disk of all sectors in virtual machine monitor pre-read target histories IO information from the disk of main frame.
Optionally, the method also includes：Reading IO information in start-up course for the virtual machine monitor record virtual machine；Virtual
, from reading to select multiple continuous reading IO information IO information, each continuous reading IO information is merged into one can be pre- for machine monitor
The history IO information read；By a plurality of history IO information sorting pre-reading and history of forming IO message file；Virtual machine monitor
Determine that the target histories IO information mated target sector includes：Virtual machine monitor finds mesh from target IO message file
The history IO information pre-reading mated of mark sector, the history IO information that what target sector was mated pre-read is target histories
IO information.
Therefore, the present invention can determine the data of pre-read according to history IO information, can improve the several of Cache hit
Rate.
Optionally, record the hit-count of every history IO information that can pre-read, hit-count is minimum, or hit time
Number is less than the pre-read history IO information deletion of hit threshold.Such that it is able to control history IO information sum, it is right to be conducive to improving
History IO information is ranked up, and to improve the efficiency of matching algorithm using two way classification.
Second aspect, embodiments provides a kind of method writing data in magnetic disk, including：
Virtual machine monitor receives the I/O Request of write magnetic disk；Virtual machine monitor enters row cache to the I/O Request of write magnetic disk；
The I/O Request of the continuous write magnetic in sector disk in the I/O Request of each write magnetic disk is merged by virtual machine monitor, and each by merge
The I/O Request of write magnetic disk needs the data of write to merge in the Cache of virtual disk being stored in virtual machine；Virtual machine monitor
The I/O Request of the write magnetic disk after merging is submitted to the operating system of main frame, and the needs write of storage will be merged in Cache
Data writes in the disk of main frame.
The embodiment of the present invention virtual machine monitor Agent virtual machine carry to host operating system write data in magnetic disk IO please
When asking, if the data of multiple write magnetic disk is continuous, data is incorporated in a Cache, and by multiple write magnetic disk number
According to I/O Request can merge, by this, the I/O Request after merging submits to host operating system afterwards, completes virtual disk data
Asynchronous write.The present invention adopts virtual disk Cache mechanism, makes virtual machine monitor in the IO of the write data receiving virtual machine
During request, no longer submit the I/O Request of reading disk data to host operating system, thus decrease I/O system calling every time
And physical disk tracking, improve the performance of magnetic disk of virtual machine IO.
Optionally, when the I/O Request of write magnetic disk each in the I/O Request of sector continuous write magnetic disk needs the data of write always big
During little size not less than Cache, the I/O Request of continuous for sector write magnetic disk is merged by virtual machine monitor.
The third aspect, embodiments provides a kind of virtual machine monitor, the concrete reality of described virtual machine monitor
Now correspond to the function of the method for reading data in magnetic disk that above-mentioned first aspect provides.Described function can be realized by hardware,
Corresponding software program can be executed by hardware to realize.Hardware and software includes one or more corresponding with above-mentioned functions
Unit module, described unit module can be software and/or hardware.
In a kind of possible realization, described virtual machine monitor includes：
Receiver module, for receiving the I/O Request of virtual machine reading disk data；
Caching checks module, and for checking the sector of I/O Request needs reading whether in caching sector, caching sector is
The corresponding sector of data in magnetic disk of caching in Cache, Cache is the Cache of the virtual disk of virtual machine；
Data acquisition module, for when the sector that I/O Request needs read is in caching sector, from the magnetic of Cache caching
Target data is obtained in disk data；
Sending module, for returning to virtual machine by target data.
Fourth aspect, virtual machine monitor provided in an embodiment of the present invention, it is additionally operable to realize corresponding to above-mentioned second aspect
The function of the method writing data in magnetic disk providing.Described function can be realized by hardware it is also possible to be executed corresponding by hardware
Software program realize.Hardware and software includes one or more unit modules corresponding with above-mentioned functions, described unit mould
Block can be software and/or hardware.
In a kind of possible realization, described virtual machine monitor includes：
Receiver module, for receiving the I/O Request of write magnetic disk；
I/O Request cache module, for entering row cache to the I/O Request of write magnetic disk；
I/O Request merges module, for being closed the I/O Request of the continuous write magnetic in sector disk in the I/O Request of each write magnetic disk
And；
Data cache module, the data merging for the I/O Request of each write magnetic disk merging needs write is stored in virtual
In the Cache of the virtual disk of machine；
I/O Request submits module to, for the I/O Request of the write magnetic disk after merging being submitted to the operating system of main frame, and will
The data needing write merging storage in Cache writes in the disk of main frame.
As can be seen from the above technical solutions, the embodiment of the present invention has advantages below：
The embodiment of the present invention emulates Cache mechanism for virtual disk, when reading data, when by virtual machine monitor generation
When reason virtual machine submits the I/O Request of reading disk data to, first check corresponding Cache, if the magnetic of caching in Cache can be hit
Disk data, then directly return the data of caching in Cache to virtual machine.In addition, when writing data, virtual machine monitor agency is empty
Plan machine to host operating system carry the I/O Request writing data in magnetic disk when, if the data of multiple write magnetic disk is continuous, will be many
The secondary I/O Request writing data in magnetic disk merges, and by this, the I/O Request after merging submits to host operating system afterwards, completes virtual magnetic
The asynchronous write of disk data.The present invention adopts virtual disk Cache mechanism, makes virtual machine monitor receive the reading of virtual machine
During the I/O Request of data or write data, no longer submit the I/O Request of reading disk data to host operating system every time, from
And decrease I/O system and call and physical disk tracking, improve the performance of magnetic disk of virtual machine IO.
Brief description
Fig. 1 is the effect schematic diagram of virtual machine monitor Hypervisor in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is three kinds of IO cache modes in the embodiment of the present invention to image file；
Fig. 3 is that the application layer of virtual disk caching pooling function in the embodiment of the present invention realizes schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 be the embodiment of the present invention in virtual disk caching-pooling function realize position；
Fig. 5 is the method flow diagram reading data in magnetic disk in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is precisely to pre-read and cache algorithm schematic diagram in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 7 is the method flow diagram writing data in magnetic disk in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 8 is to write merging and cache algorithm schematic diagram in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 9 is a kind of functional module structure figure of virtual machine monitor in the embodiment of the present invention；
Figure 10 is another kind of functional module structure figure of virtual machine monitor in the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
In order that technical scheme and beneficial effect are clearer, below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, to this
Bright it is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein is only in order to explain the present invention, and without
In the restriction present invention.
Hypervisor is a kind of intermediate software layer operating between basic physicses server and operating system, can allow
Multiple operating systems and Application share hardware, also can be called virtual machine monitor (English：Virtual machine monitor,
Referred to as：VMM).As shown in figure 1, Hypervisor can be set with including all physics in disk and interior presence in access server
Standby, not only coordinate the access of these hardware resources, also apply protection simultaneously between each virtual machine.When startup of server simultaneously
Execution Hypervisor when, it can load all virtual-machine client operating system can distribute to simultaneously each virtual machine fit
Internal memory, CPU, network and the disk of amount.
Hypervisor typically realizes main frame by three kinds of modes and caches (cache) to the IO of image file (image)：
None, writeback and writethrough, figure below combines the difference of the different cache mode of three kinds detailed of elaboration of Fig. 2.
Writeback employs the page cache memory (page of client (guest) and main frame (host) two-layer
Cache), that is, can there are two parts of cache in same file, but this basic it is not necessary that, and be likely to result in data
Discordance.None and writethrough can bypass the page cache memory of host layer.Such as open source projects kvm writes from memory
The cache mode recognized be writethrouh although this mode is not safest, do not result in the discordance of data, but
Performance is also worst.The safety of user's synthetic data and performance, are typically chosen using none pattern.
Main frame described in Fig. 2 is all to be realized by operating system layer to the IO cache mode of image file (image)
With offer；For the IO performance issue of virtual disk, the present invention provides a kind of method being optimized in application layer, mainly real
Now include：
The present invention realizes one in the application layer of Hypervisor for each virtual disk (Virtual Disk Devices)
Individual caching (Cache) mechanism.The application of function layer that Fig. 3 cached-merged (Cache-Merge) for virtual disk realizes schematic diagram,
It is respectively client 1 in the application layer of the Hypervisor of main frame and a caching-merging realized by the virtual disk of client 2
(Cache-Merge), as shown in figure 3, the capacity of each caching-merging is 32M.Specifically, virtual disk caching-pooling function
Realize position as shown in figure 4, Hypervisor pass through direct memory access (English：Direct memory access, letter
Claim：DMA) or programmable I/O reference (English：Programming Input/Output, referred to as：PIO) virtual memory block
(block) caching-merging (Cache-Merge) in, then pass through operating system access physical disk.
When needing to physical disk write data or reading data from physical disk, can pass through to cache-merge and be main
The operating system of machine writes data into the block storage device of main frame together, or reads data from block storage device.Detailed process
For：
Hypervisor application level proxy virtual machine to host operating system submit to reading disk data I/O Request when,
According to algorithm predicts, a part of data in magnetic disk of pre-read, update the Cache of virtual disk (Virtual Disk Devices)
In, when the I/O Request of reading disk data coming submitted to by next Agent virtual machine, first check corresponding Cache, if hit is (i.e.
Virtual machine is had to submit the data that the I/O Request coming is asked in Cache), then the data directly returning caching in Cache is to virtual
Machine, without the I/O Request submitting reading disk data again to host operating system to, thus decrease I/O system call and physics magnetic
Disk seeks.
Hypervisor when application level proxy virtual machine carries, to host operating system, the I/O Request writing data in magnetic disk, number
According to updating in the Cache of virtual disk (Virtual Disk Devices), if the data of multiple write magnetic disk is continuous,
Then data is incorporated in a Cache, triggers an intervalometer, the IO repeatedly writing data in magnetic disk within a certain period of time simultaneously
Request can be merged in the I/O Request once writing data in magnetic disk, submits to host operating system by timer callback, completes virtual
The asynchronous write of data in magnetic disk.
With reference to Fig. 5, the process of the reading disk data in the embodiment of the present invention is described in detail.
Original magnetic disk of virtual machine has lacked the cache physical characteristics that true hard disk has, and this programme is virtual disk
Emulate a kind of true hard disk cache mechanism, for improving the performance of magnetic disk of virtual machine IO.It is implemented as follows：
501st, Hypervisor receives the I/O Request of virtual machine reading disk data；
Virtual machine on startup, simultaneously can loaded virtual machine virtual disk Cache, cached from physics in Cache
The data in magnetic disk of disk pre-read, the data in magnetic disk of pre-read include sector auxiliary information that data stores in physical disk and
Corresponding data.When Hypervisor receives the I/O Request of virtual machine reading disk data, execution step 502.
502nd, Hypervisor checks that I/O Request needs the sector read whether in caching sector；
After Hypervisor receives the I/O Request of virtual machine reading disk data, this I/O Request is not submitted to main frame
Operating system, but check that this I/O Request needs the sector read whether in caching sector, caching sector is to cache in Cache
The corresponding sector of data in magnetic disk.
If 503 I/O Request need the sector read in caching sector, the magnetic that Hypervisor caches from Cache
Obtain target data in disk data, target data is returned to virtual machine.
If being cached with the data of the sector that current I/O Request needs to read, Hypervisor in the Cache of virtual disk
Obtain, from Cache, the target data needing to read, be returned to virtual machine.
Optionally, before the data in magnetic disk of the pre-read of the caching in Cache is, Hypervisor reads according to virtual machine
The I/O Request of data in magnetic disk, reads from physical disk.The principle of concrete pre-read and process are as follows：
Based on 80/20 principle, in each start-up course, the data of reading disk is all to concentrate very much to same virtual machine
With almost identical, so based on virtual machine start history read IO information, it is possible to achieve accurately pre-read data in magnetic disk, greatly
Big raising Cache hit rate, implements：
Hypervisor records each reading IO information (start sector number, length) in start-up course for the virtual machine, first really
Fixed continuous reading IO information, each continuous IO information of reading is merged into the history IO information that can pre-read, then all
Pre-read history IO information (start sector number, length) sequence, history of forming IO message file, preserve this document, this article
When part is that virtual machine starts, the file that can load together with image file.
For example：When starting virtual machine for the first time, before collecting, the reading IO information of history is sector 1 to sector 5, sector 2-
Sector 32 is arrived in sector 8, sector 16.Two continuous sectors are picked out from these sectors：Sector 1-8, sector 16-32, specifically
It is in these sectors, continuous sector will to be formed by overlapping merging of sector.Will be suitable according to sector for these continuous sectors
Sequence is ranked up, and is saved in history IO message file.
Before virtual machine is again started up, first load the history IO message file of preservation.When Hypervisor receive virtual
The machine-readable I/O Request (the first I/O Request) taking data in magnetic disk, Hypervisor acts on behalf of this virtual machine and submits to host operating system and reads
Take described first I/O Request of data in magnetic disk, this I/O Request includes the target sector that virtual machine request accesses.
During the machine-readable disk of Hypervisor Agent virtual, first need the target sector accessing according to virtual machine, by coupling
Algorithm (can be binary chop) finds the target histories IO letter being mated target sector from the history IO information loading
Breath.Specifically, that is, finding virtual machine needs whether the target sector accessing belongs to certain the history IO information that can pre-read, if belonging to
The history IO information that certain can pre-read, then the target histories IO that the history IO information that this can pre-read is mated by target sector believes
Breath.
Hypervisor Agent virtual machine is from physical disk by the number of all sectors comprising in target histories IO information
Take out according to all pre-reading, be saved in pre-reading the data taken out in the Cache of virtual disk.Meanwhile, by the first I/O Request
The data in magnetic disk of the middle target sector needing to read returns to virtual machine.Therefore, it is that pre-read is determined by target histories IO information
Data number.
For example：In history IO message file, preserve sector 1-8, sector 16-32, sector 64-100 etc. history IO information.
In the I/O Request of virtual machine reading disk data that Hypervisor receives, the target sector that request is read is the 1st sector,
Hypervisor determines that the 1st sector belongs to the sector in the 1-8 of sector, and therefore 1-8 sector is target histories IO information.
The data of the 1-8 sector in target histories IO information is all read out from physical disk by Hypervisor, is cached to void
Intend in disk Cache.
Therefore, when Hypervisor receives I/O Request, when if desired reading data from physical disk, it is not only
Read the data of target sector, but the data of all sectors in pre-read target histories IO information, by the data of pre-read
It is cached in Cache.
Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram of reading disk data.As shown in the step 1 in Fig. 6 and step 2, Hypervisor is receiving
To I/O Request next time or follow-up when receiving I/O Request, all by execution step 501 to step 503, check whether and can hit
The data in magnetic disk of caching in Cache, if can hit, directly reads data from Cache and returns to virtual machine.As step 3 institute
Show, if Cache can not be hit, before Hypervisor Agent virtual machine submits I/O Request to host operating system, check and work as
Whether the sector of front I/O Request can match certain in the history IO information array history IO information that can pre-read；As step 4,
Shown in step 5 and step 6, if matching certain the history IO information that can pre-read, expression can pre-read, then read from physical disk
Data in all sectors in the history IO information that this can pre-read, by data buffer storage in Cache；As shown in step 7, by IO
The data in magnetic disk reading is asked to return to virtual machine.
Optionally, as shown in step 8 and step 9, if not hitting read buffer, and if mating less than the history that can pre-read
IO information, in the case of can not pre-reading, I/O Request is submitted to host operating system by Hypervisor, reads from physical disk
Take this I/O Request to be asked the data reading, the data reading from physical disk is returned to virtual machine.
Optionally, when mating history IO information, by the history IO message count that can pre-read to every, often match one
The history IO information that secondary (often hitting once) can pre-read, the reference count of the history IO information that this can be pre-read adds 1, very
The history IO information entry deletion pre-reading matching less (can be to delete the minimum history IO information pre-reading matching
Remove or the history IO information deletion pre-reading less than hit-count threshold value will be counted), to control history IO information total
Number, improves the efficiency of matching algorithm.
The embodiment of the present invention emulates Cache mechanism for virtual disk, realizes for virtual disk in Hypervisor application layer
The accurate reading budget law realized and Cache mechanism：Reading IO information (start sector number, length in record virtual machine start-up course
Degree), merge continuous reading IO information, sort and preserve；IO information is read based on history, realizes a set of accurate reading budget law；In void
Pass through in plan machine start-up course precisely to pre-read algorithm, improve the Cache hit rate (hit rate is more than 90%) reading IO, reduce
The I/O Request (reducing I/O system to call and physical disk tracking consumption) to host-physical disk for the Hypervisor, greatly improves void
Intend disk and read IO performance, accelerate virtual machine toggle speed；And, when high-volume starts virtual machine simultaneously, main frame can be solved
The problem of disk I/O storm.
With reference to Fig. 7, the process writing data in magnetic disk in the embodiment of the present invention is described in detail.
701st, Hypervisor receives the I/O Request of write magnetic disk；
When virtual machine writes data to virtual disk, the IO that Hypervisor can receive one and another write magnetic disk please
Ask.
702nd, the I/O Request of the continuous write magnetic in sector disk in the I/O Request of each write magnetic disk is merged by Hypervisor, will
The I/O Request of each write magnetic disk merging needs the data of write to merge in the Cache of virtual disk being stored in virtual machine；
Hypervisor, by way of write request caching is queued up the write request in a period of time is delayed in application layer
Deposit, and continuous write request merges to sector, and the data buffer storage of the I/O Request corresponding needs write that these are merged
In the Cache of virtual disk.And the order row according to FIFO (First Input First Output, fifo) queue
Team write disk mirroring file it is ensured that when IO completes not out of order it is ensured that virtual disk data write correctness.
703rd, the I/O Request of the write magnetic disk after merging is submitted to the operating system of main frame by Hypervisor, will be described
The data needing write merging storage in Cache writes in the disk of described main frame.
While merging I/O Request, trigger an intervalometer, by timer callback, the I/O Request after merging is submitted to
Host operating system, completes the asynchronous write of virtual disk data.
It should be noted that when merging I/O Request, below for annexable situation：The write purpose fan of multiple I/O Request
Area is the relation comprising or being comprised；Or the write destination sector of multiple I/O Request is just sliceable；In addition, the I/O Request merging
The size not less than Cache single in Cache-Merge for the data total size.
It is below not annexable situation：The size more than Cache single in Cache-Merge for the size after merging；Or it is many
The write destination sector juxtaposition of individual I/O Request.
Fig. 8 is the schematic diagram writing data in magnetic disk.As shown in figure 8, comprising multiple Cache units in Merge chained list, composition
Cache-Merge.Step 1 can be merged with the data of last Cache, then by this I/O Request for currently received I/O Request
Data buffer storage is in last Cache, and its I/O Request is merged, and enters and writes the journey queuing of IO association.Step 2 is currently to connect
The I/O Request received can not merge, then add Cache in Merge chained list, the data of this I/O Request is write in this Cache；Step
If rapid 3 do not have Cache for free chained list, the data of first node of Merge chained list is write disk.
Realize writing the Cache mechanism of IO merging in Hypervisor application layer for virtual disk, have the advantages that：
(1) virtual machine writes IO, and data is not to be saved in host-physical disk immediately, but is first buffered in Hypervisor application layer
In Cache, improve performance 20-40 times that virtual machine preserves small documents (size is generally tens MB)；(2) solve virtual machine to run into
Writing IO in a large number and the problem of interim card of burst, improves Consumer's Experience；(3) when continuous data write by virtual disk, using writing IO
Merging mechanism, the data merging repeatedly being write IO is buffered in a Cache, once submits to main frame and (reduces I/O system to call
And physical disk tracking consumes), greatly improve virtual disk and write IO performance.
Realization to the present invention is tested, and result is as follows：
In virtual machine (Windows and Linux) start-up course, virtual machine reading disk data hit disk Cache's is general
Rate, more than 90%, greatly reduces Hypervisor and submits reading disk number in application level proxy virtual machine to host operating system
According to I/O Request number, can greatly improve virtual machine start when reading disk I/O performance；When high-volume starts virtual machine simultaneously,
Disk I/O storm can partly be solved the problems, such as；
In virtual machine (Windows and Linux) running, particularly in the environment frequently writing data in magnetic disk,
Hypervisor merges, in application layer, the implementation that virtual machine repeatedly writes the I/O Request of data in magnetic disk, also can significantly improve virtual
Machine disk I/O performance, performance increase rate is determined by the frequent degree that virtual machine writes data：(1) in virtual data base server environment
Middle test, the IO performance of database insert operation is doubled many, higher than the number in the lower vmware environment of same hardware configuration
IO performance (refer to the test data in table one) according to storehouse server database update；(2) virtual machine preserves small documents
The performance of (size is generally tens MB) improves 20-40 times.
Virtual machine normally reads and writes virtual disk, accesses the main frame thing that store virtual disk data by Hypervisor
Reason disk (predominantly seeks the time), and access time is Millisecond；
Hypervisor in Block api layer, the normal reading of the more data buffer storage of pre-read to Cache and not pre-read
Fetch data and compare, many time spents are between Microsecond grade to Millisecond；And hit Cache, copy data is spent to virtual machine
Time is nanosecond, and reading IO hit rate is higher, and virtual disk performance boost is more.
No matter being pre-read or writing merging, virtual disk caching-merge (Cache-Merge) function can subtract significantly
Few Hypervisor act on behalf of number of times to host request IO (minimizing system call and physical disk tracking consumption) it is possible to
Improve the performance of virtual disk.
Table 1 below provides one group of test comparison data：
Table 1
It is more than the method to the reading disk data in the embodiment of the present invention, and write the introduction of the method for data in magnetic disk,
To from functional structure angle, the virtual machine monitor in the embodiment of the present invention is introduced below.
Virtual machine monitor in the embodiment of the present invention can be operated between basic physicses server and operating system
Intermediate software layer Hypervisor or software and hardware combining functional module.
On the one hand, implementing of the virtual machine monitor 9 in the embodiment of the present invention is carried corresponding to above-mentioned Fig. 5 to Fig. 6
For reading data in magnetic disk method function.In a kind of possible realization, described virtual machine monitor includes：
Receiver module 901, for receiving the I/O Request of virtual machine reading disk data；
Caching checks module 902, for checking the sector of I/O Request needs reading whether in caching sector, caching sector
For the corresponding sector of data in magnetic disk of caching in Cache, Cache is the Cache of the virtual disk of virtual machine；
Data acquisition module 903, for when the sector that I/O Request needs read is in caching sector, from Cache caching
Data in magnetic disk in obtain target data；
Sending module 904, for returning to virtual machine by target data.
Optionally, in some specific enforcements, receiver module 901, it is additionally operable to receiving virtual machine reading disk data
I/O Request before, receive virtual machine reading disk data the first I/O Request；Virtual machine monitor also includes：I/O Request is submitted to
Module 905, submits the first I/O Request of reading disk data to for Agent virtual machine to the operating system of main frame；Pre-read module
906, for according to the first I/O Request from the disk of main frame a part of data in magnetic disk of pre-read, by a part of disk of pre-read
Data buffer storage is in Cache.
Optionally, in some specific enforcements, receiver module 901, it is additionally operable to receiving virtual machine reading disk data
I/O Request before, receive virtual machine reading disk data the first I/O Request, carry in the first I/O Request request access mesh
Mark sector；Pre-read module 906 includes：History IO information determination unit 9061, for determining the target that target sector is mated
History IO information；Pre-read unit 9062, for all sectors in pre-read target histories IO information from the disk of main frame
Data in magnetic disk, target histories IO information includes initial sector and length, and target sector belongs in target histories IO information
Sector.
Optionally, in some specific enforcements, virtual machine monitor also includes：IO information logging modle 907, for remembering
Record reading IO information in start-up course for the virtual machine；History IO information generating module 908, multiple for selecting from reading IO information
Continuous reading IO information, each continuous IO information of reading is merged into the history IO information that can pre-read, pre-reads a plurality of
History IO information sorting and history of forming IO message file；History IO information determination unit 9061, specifically for from target IO
The history IO information pre-reading that target sector is mated is found, what what target sector was mated pre-read goes through in message file
History IO information is target histories IO information.
Optionally, in some specific enforcements, virtual machine monitor also includes：Hit-count logging modle 909, is used for
Record the hit-count of every history IO information that can pre-read, hit-count is minimum, or hit-count is less than hit threshold
Pre-read history IO information deletion.Such that it is able to control history IO information sum, improve the efficiency of matching algorithm.
On the other hand, the implementing corresponding to above-mentioned Fig. 7 to Fig. 8 institute of the virtual machine monitor 10 in the embodiment of the present invention
The function of the method writing data in magnetic disk providing.In a kind of possible realization, described virtual machine monitor includes：
Receiver module 1001, for receiving the I/O Request of write magnetic disk；
I/O Request cache module 1002, for entering row cache to the I/O Request of write magnetic disk；
I/O Request merges module 1003, for entering the I/O Request of the continuous write magnetic in sector disk in the I/O Request of each write magnetic disk
Row merges；
Data cache module 1004, the data merging for the I/O Request of each write magnetic disk merging needs write is stored in
In the Cache of the virtual disk of virtual machine；
I/O Request submits module 1005 to, for the I/O Request of the write magnetic disk after merging being submitted to the operating system of main frame,
And write the data needing write merging storage in Cache in the disk of main frame.
Optionally, in some specific enforcements, I/O Request merges module 1003, specifically for when the continuous write magnetic in sector
In the I/O Request of disk, when the I/O Request of each write magnetic disk needs the size not less than Cache for the data total size writing, by sector even
The I/O Request of continuous write magnetic disk merges.
It should be noted that the function that virtual machine monitor 9 and virtual machine monitor 10 possess can be integrated in one
Realize on virtual machine monitor.
Those skilled in the art can be understood that, for convenience and simplicity of description, the system of foregoing description,
Device and the specific work process of unit, may be referred to the corresponding process in preceding method embodiment, will not be described here.
It should be understood that disclosed system in several embodiments provided herein, apparatus and method are permissible
Realize by another way.For example, device embodiment described above is only schematically, for example, described unit
Divide, only a kind of division of logic function, actual can have other dividing mode when realizing, for example multiple units or assembly
Can in conjunction with or be desirably integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored, or does not execute.Another, shown or
The coupling each other discussing or direct-coupling or communication connection can be by some interfaces, the indirect coupling of device or unit
Close or communicate to connect, can be electrical, mechanical or other forms.
The described unit illustrating as separating component can be or may not be physically separate, show as unit
The part showing can be or may not be physical location, you can with positioned at a place, or can also be distributed to multiple
On NE.The mesh to realize this embodiment scheme for some or all of unit therein can be selected according to the actual needs
's.
In addition, can be integrated in a processing unit in each functional unit in each embodiment of the present invention it is also possible to
It is that unit is individually physically present it is also possible to two or more units are integrated in a unit.Above-mentioned integrated list
Unit both can be to be realized in the form of hardware, it would however also be possible to employ the form of SFU software functional unit is realized.
If described integrated unit is realized and as independent production marketing or use using in the form of SFU software functional unit
When, can be stored in a computer read/write memory medium.Based on such understanding, technical scheme is substantially
The part in other words prior art being contributed or all or part of this technical scheme can be in the form of software products
Embody, this computer software product is stored in a storage medium, including some instructions with so that a computer
Equipment (can be personal computer, server, or network equipment etc.) executes the complete of each embodiment methods described of the present invention
Portion or part steps.And aforesaid storage medium includes：USB flash disk, portable hard drive, read only memory (ROM, Read-Only
Memory), random access memory (RAM, Random Access Memory), magnetic disc or CD etc. are various can store journey
The medium of sequence code.
The above, above example only in order to technical scheme to be described, is not intended to limit；Although with reference to front
State embodiment the present invention has been described in detail, it will be understood by those within the art that：It still can be to front
State the technical scheme described in each embodiment to modify, or equivalent is carried out to wherein some technical characteristics；And these
Modification or replacement, do not make the essence of appropriate technical solution depart from the spirit and scope of various embodiments of the present invention technical scheme.
Claims (12)
1. a kind of method reading data in magnetic disk is it is characterised in that include：
Virtual machine monitor Hypervisor receives the I/O Request of virtual machine reading disk data；
Described virtual machine monitor checks that described I/O Request needs the sector read whether in caching sector, described caching sector
For the corresponding sector of data in magnetic disk of caching in Cache, described Cache is the Cache of the virtual disk of described virtual machine；
If described I/O Request needs the sector read in described caching sector, described virtual machine monitor is from described Cache
Obtain target data in the described data in magnetic disk of caching, described target data is returned to described virtual machine.
2. method according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that receive virtual machine reading disk in described virtual machine monitor
Before the I/O Request of data, also include：
Described virtual machine monitor receives the first I/O Request of virtual machine reading disk data；
The described IO that virtual machine monitor acts on behalf of the operating system submission reading disk data to main frame for the described virtual machine please
Ask；
Described virtual machine monitor a part of data in magnetic disk of pre-read from the disk of described main frame according to described first I/O Request,
Described a part of data in magnetic disk of pre-read is cached in described Cache.
3. method according to claim 2 is it is characterised in that carry the target fan that request accesses in described first I/O Request
Area；
Described virtual machine monitor a part of data in magnetic disk of pre-read from the disk of described main frame according to described first I/O Request
Including：
Described virtual machine monitor determines the target histories IO information mated described target sector, described target histories IO information
Include initial sector and length, described target sector belongs to the sector in described target histories IO information；
All sectors in target histories IO information described in described virtual machine monitor pre-read from the disk of described main frame
Data in magnetic disk.
4. method according to claim 3 is it is characterised in that methods described also includes：
Reading IO information in start-up course for the described virtual machine monitor record virtual machine；
Described virtual machine monitor selects multiple continuous reading IO information from described reading IO information, and each continuous IO that reads is believed
Breath is merged into the history IO information that can pre-read；
By a plurality of described history IO information sorting pre-reading and history of forming IO message file；
Described virtual machine monitor determines that the target histories IO information mated described target sector includes：
What what described virtual machine monitor found from described target IO message file that described target sector mated pre-read
History IO information, the history IO information that what described target sector was mated pre-read is described target histories IO information.
5. a kind of method writing data in magnetic disk is it is characterised in that include：
Virtual machine monitor receives the I/O Request of write magnetic disk；
Described virtual machine monitor enters row cache to the I/O Request of described write magnetic disk；
The I/O Request of the continuous write magnetic in sector disk in the I/O Request of each write magnetic disk is merged by described virtual machine monitor, and will
The I/O Request of each write magnetic disk merging needs the data of write to merge in the Cache of virtual disk being stored in virtual machine；
The I/O Request of the write magnetic disk after merging is submitted to the operating system of main frame by described virtual machine monitor, and will be described
The data merging the described needs write of storage in Cache writes in the disk of described main frame.
6. method according to claim 5 is it is characterised in that described virtual machine monitor is by the I/O Request of each write magnetic disk
The I/O Request of sector continuous write magnetic disk merge including：
When the I/O Request of write magnetic disk each in the I/O Request of described sector continuous write magnetic disk needs the data total size of write not surpass
Cross described Cache size when, the I/O Request of continuous for described sector write magnetic disk is merged by described virtual machine monitor.
7. a kind of virtual machine monitor is it is characterised in that include：
Receiver module, for receiving the I/O Request of virtual machine reading disk data；
Caching checks module, for checking the sector of described I/O Request needs reading whether in caching sector, described caching fan
Area is the corresponding sector of data in magnetic disk of caching in Cache, and described Cache is the Cache of the virtual disk of described virtual machine；
Data acquisition module, for when the sector that described I/O Request needs read is in described caching sector, from described Cache
Target data is obtained in the described data in magnetic disk of caching；
Sending module, for returning to described virtual machine by described target data.
8. virtual machine monitor according to claim 7 it is characterised in that
Described receiver module, is additionally operable to, before receiving the I/O Request of virtual machine reading disk data, receive virtual machine and read magnetic
First I/O Request of disk data；
Described virtual machine monitor also includes：
I/O Request submits module to, submits described the of reading disk data to the operating system of main frame for acting on behalf of described virtual machine
One I/O Request；
Pre-read module, for according to described first I/O Request from the disk of described main frame a part of data in magnetic disk of pre-read,
Described a part of data in magnetic disk of pre-read is cached in described Cache.
9. virtual machine monitor according to claim 8 it is characterised in that：
Described receiver module, is additionally operable to, before receiving the I/O Request of virtual machine reading disk data, receive virtual machine and read magnetic
First I/O Request of disk data, carries the target sector that request accesses in described first I/O Request；
Described pre-read module includes：
History IO information determination unit, for determining the target histories IO information mated described target sector；
Pre-read unit, for the magnetic of all sectors in target histories IO information described in pre-read from the disk of described main frame
Disk data, described target histories IO information includes initial sector and length, and described target sector belongs to described target histories IO
Sector in information.
10. virtual machine monitor according to claim 9 is it is characterised in that described virtual machine monitor also includes：
IO information logging modle, for recording reading IO information in start-up course for the virtual machine；
History IO information generating module, for selecting multiple continuous reading IO information from described reading IO information, each is continuous
Reading IO information be merged into the history IO information that can pre-read, by a plurality of described history IO information sorting pre-reading and formed
History IO message file；
Described history IO information determination unit, specifically for finding described target sector institute from described target IO message file
The history IO information pre-reading of coupling, the history IO information that what described target sector was mated pre-read is described target histories
IO information.
A kind of 11. virtual machine monitors are it is characterised in that include：
Receiver module, for receiving the I/O Request of write magnetic disk；
I/O Request cache module, for entering row cache to the I/O Request of described write magnetic disk；
I/O Request merges module, for merging the I/O Request of the continuous write magnetic in sector disk in the I/O Request of each write magnetic disk；
Data cache module, the data merging for the I/O Request of each write magnetic disk merging needs write is stored in virtual machine
In the Cache of virtual disk；
I/O Request submits module to, for the I/O Request of the write magnetic disk after merging being submitted to the operating system of main frame, and will be described
The data merging the described needs write of storage in Cache writes in the disk of described main frame.
12. virtual machine monitors according to claim 11 it is characterised in that：
Described I/O Request merges module, specifically for when in the I/O Request of described sector continuous write magnetic disk, the IO of each write magnetic disk
When request needs the size not less than described Cache for the data total size writing, please by the IO of continuous for described sector write magnetic disk
Ask and merge.
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