CN106406414A - Overcurrent overvoltage acousto-optic caution coexistence tandem type protection power supply - Google Patents
Overcurrent overvoltage acousto-optic caution coexistence tandem type protection power supply Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
An overcurrent overvoltage acousto-optic caution coexistence tandem type protection power supply belongs to the electronic technical field, and comprises a lightning protection device, an overvoltage protection starting 1 unit, a silicon controlled rectifier quick-break protection unit, a silicon controlled rectifier protection starting unit, an acceleration unit, a three-end voltage stabilization unit, an overvoltage protection starting 2 unit, a fault caution unit, an over-current control unit, an over-current starting protection unit and an over-current display element; two ends of the three-end voltage stabilization unit are provided with lightning protection and overvoltage monitoring; the over-current control unit is connected in series in the total circuit so as to monitor overload; when overvoltage or overcurrent are detected, the silicon controlled rectifier protection starting unit can open the silicon controlled rectifier quick-break protection unit so as to form quick-break type protection for the power supply and the load, and sound-light caution can be actively formed; the overcurrent overvoltage acousto-optic caution coexistence tandem type protection power supply can form multipoint monitoring and protection, thus helping to develop new products, and forming omnibearing monitoring and protection for the product.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to electronic technology field.
Background technology
Power supply is an ancient topic, because from there being first day that electronic circuit starts, beginning to the research to power supply, because all electronic circuits all have to power supply and could work.
Power supply is also a fresh topic, because the today of development of making rapid progress in electronic technology, technology is being constantly updated, and needs to adapt to the new power of the needs of various development.So the emphasis of the research to power supply, always society research.
Source of stable pressure is the important part of electronic product, its performance excellent, be directly connected to overall performance, so there being much outstanding voltage-stabilized power supply integrated circuit at present, such as 78 series, 79 series etc..Although these integrated series above-mentioned have many good qualities, it is that a kind of popular mu balanced circuit still can not meet what current electronic product maked rapid progress needs.For example, though this above-mentioned integrated regulator has protection, can not monitor, less enable monitoring and protection that light is coexisted with sound.
Such as this enterprise had once applied for multiple products with regard to equipment of ensuring public security.The requirement to power supply for the product of these equipment is just very high, overcritical degree will significantly larger than ordinary electrical home appliance, be inefficient by traditional design.Reason is as follows：
First, power supply is often electrical equipment, the most troublesome keypoint part.Particularly when thunderstorm season arrival, to ordinary electrical home appliance, can using pulling out power supply to prevent, needing the used time,（During if desired for seeing TV）, again plug.Otherwise TV cannot be seen, indicative very strong, can recover immediately, and class product of ensuring public security is relatively highly difficult, because after pulling out power supply, is difficult intuitively to remind, and can only be close to recall, but the life of high rhythm, easily forget about, become security personnel blank.
Although the 2, there being now the product of lightning protection device class, tool understands, its suction through within 100 volts very difficult bought, let alone be within 30 volts（78 present series, input voltage is only 30 volts）.
3rd, general household electrical appliances break down, easy to maintenance.But security personnel's class product, needs fixed point maintenance.And this maintenance, need to race against time, how therefore judge to be out of order the position of generation exactly, be power supply, or load.
4th, in addition to thunderbolt, the fluctuation of electrical network, it is also easily to cause the flimsy major reason of electronic product, therefore necessarily have higher adaptability.
5th, particular importance is a little it is impossible to reliably and accurately be monitored to protector.Present product, can only termly be simulated testing, to check product to be now arranged in normal or abnormal condition; but this simulation is a kind of monitoring of passive type and inspection; because this monitoring has number of times, it is not artificially being found an active of problematic energy, thus solving.
Occurrences in human life both know about in the industry, if load is broken down, its supply voltage, and can occur seriously to change with load total current, therefore can observe from the work change of power supply and check the working condition of whole load.In valuable instrument, there is special instrument to be observed, but such high cost is it is difficult to popularize.
But current most data introductions, technology main conditions are as follows：
1st, the introduction of most data can only carry out coarse monitoring to electric current（The monitoring having or not as electric current）, as shown in Figure 3.And monitor after the change of electric current can not be amplified, thus not enough of both existing, one is to draw audio communication detection signal, and two is that the precision detecting does not reach requirement.Its conventional circuit such as Fig. 3.
2nd, monitoring in a certain respect and the protection of certain point can only be accomplished, such as can only realize to electric current, or the monitoring of voltage and protection, and comprehensive monitoring and the protection that electric current and voltage coexists can not be accomplished.
3rd, monitoring or the protection of fault zone one side, extraneous factor in this way can only be accomplished（Thunderbolt and civil power）And the overvoltage protection causing, or the overcurrent protection that load-reason is caused, but but do not enable monitoring and the protection that power supply is gone wrong in itself and produces,（Because power supply is often the key area that fault produces）, therefore can not accomplish multiple faces, i.e. multiple spot the multiple protection of common monitoring.
4th, the effect in monitoring does not enable the warning coexisting of light and sound, thus indicative strong, simultaneously maintenance personal nor rapidly and accurately judgement is out of order the region of generation according to instruction.
5th, lack response soon, the threshold values of overvoltage protection is flexible adjustable line.
6th, comprehensive and price unification, multiple advanced effects and operability unified circuit are lacked.
Due to above-mentioned upper reason, so available data is difficult to solve the problems, such as to propose 6 points.
Content of the invention
For making up the deficiency of existing voltage stabilizing circuit function; the means one of the present invention are; one kind is linked to be with PNP triode and is connected on Current amplifier form of tubes in port line; realize the change of line current being monitored and protecting; two is to export to rectification output in circuit at crucial 2 points with voltage stabilizing; it is monitored and protect; three is monitoring and the protected effect that effect coexists using acousto-optic; its objective is to innovate a kind of monitor set; protection, voltage stabilizing one, and have the power circuit of multiple bright spots; thus greatly enriching power circuit in electronic circuit, promote the development of power electronics.
The present invention using measure is,
1st, the tandem type protection power supply that overcurrent-overvoltage acousto-optic warning coexists is by lightning protection device; overvoltage protection starts a unit; controllable silicon fast tripping protection unit, silicon controlled rectifier protecting start unit, accelerator module; three-terminal voltage-stabilizing unit; overvoltage protection starts Unit two, failure warning unit, excessively stream control unit; excessively stream starting protection unit, excessively stream display unit collectively constitutes.
The tandem type protection power supply that overcurrent-overvoltage acousto-optic warning coexists; define one kind to be linked to be one kind with PNP triode and be connected on Current amplifier form of tubes in port line; one is to realize the change of line current being monitored and protecting; two is to export to rectification output in circuit at crucial 2 points with voltage stabilizing; be monitored and protect, three be monitoring and protected effect that effect is coexisted using acousto-optic overcurrent-overvoltage acousto-optic warning coexist tandem type protection power supply.
Wherein：Overvoltage protection starts a unit and is made up of over-pressed door voltage-stabiliser tube, startup resistance one, startup OR gate one：One termination rectification output of over-pressed door voltage-stabiliser tube; another termination of over-pressed door voltage-stabiliser tube starts one end of resistance one; another termination starting resistance one starts the positive pole of OR gate one, and the negative pole starting OR gate one connects startup silicon controlled control pole in silicon controlled rectifier protecting start unit.
Controllable silicon fast tripping protection unit is made up of quick-break controllable silicon, triggering resistance：Quick-break silicon controlled anode connects rectification output, and triggering resistance is connected between silicon controlled anode and control pole.
Silicon controlled rectifier protecting start unit by start controllable silicon, sensitivity resistor, quick-break control diode one, display execution diode one, display execution diode two form；Accelerator module is made up of isolating diode, speed-up capacitor, acceleration branch road.
Start silicon controlled minus earth line, one termination of sensitivity resistor starts silicon controlled control pole, the other end ground wire of sensitivity resistor, quick-break controls the positive pole of diode one to connect quick-break silicon controlled control pole, quick-break controls the negative pole of diode one to connect startup silicon controlled anode, the positive pole of isolating diode connects quick-break silicon controlled negative electrode, the negative pole of isolating diode connects the positive pole of speed-up capacitor, the minus earth line of speed-up capacitor, the positive pole of speed-up capacitor accelerates branch road with starting the indirect of silicon controlled anode, the negative pole of two display execution diodes all connects startup silicon controlled anode, the positive pole of display execution diode one connects overvoltage protection and starts the colelctor electrode that NPN overvoltage in Unit two controls triode, the positive pole of display execution diode two connects the other end that overvoltage protection starts feedback resistance in Unit two.
Three-terminal voltage-stabilizing unit is made up of with balance diode three-terminal voltage-stabilizing circuit：To ground wire, the input of three-terminal voltage-stabilizing circuit in three-terminal voltage-stabilizing unit connects quick-break silicon controlled negative electrode to the ground connection termination balance diode of three-terminal voltage-stabilizing circuit, and three-terminal voltage-stabilizing circuit output protects the voltage output of power supply for the tandem type that overcurrent-overvoltage acousto-optic warning coexists.
Overvoltage protection starts Unit two and controls triode, PNP overvoltage to control triode, overvoltage adjustable lower bias resistance, commissure resistance, feedback resistance, indicator lamp one, quick-break to control diode two to form by the adjustable inclined resistance of overvoltage, over-pressed adjustable inclined protective resistance, NPN overvoltage：The output of one termination three-terminal voltage-stabilizing circuit of over-pressed adjustable inclined resistance, the adjustable inclined protective resistance of other end series connection overvoltage of over-pressed adjustable inclined resistance controls the base stage of triode to NPN overvoltage, over-pressed adjustable lower bias resistance is connected between base stage and the ground wire that NPN overvoltage controls triode, commissure resistance is connected on NPN overvoltage and controls the colelctor electrode of triode and PNP overvoltage to control between the base stage of triode, one termination PNP overvoltage of feedback resistance controls the colelctor electrode of triode, the positive pole of another termination indicator lamp one of feedback resistance, the negative pole of indicator lamp one connects the base stage that NPN overvoltage controls triode, quick-break controls the positive pole of diode two to connect quick-break silicon controlled control pole, quick-break controls the negative pole of diode two to connect the colelctor electrode that NPN overvoltage controls triode.
Failure warning unit is made up of acoustical generator, indicator lamp two, isolation resistance one：Acoustical generator is connected between colelctor electrode and the ground wire that PNP overvoltage controls triode, and a termination PNP overvoltage of isolation resistance one controls the colelctor electrode of triode, and another termination indicator lamp two of isolation resistance one arrives ground wire.
Excessively stream control unit is made up of PNP excessively stream control pipe, sampling resistor；Excessively stream starting protection unit is made up of excessively stream door voltage-stabiliser tube, startup resistance two, startup OR gate two；Excessively stream display unit is made up of with indicator lamp three isolation resistance two.
The emitter stage of PNP excessively stream control pipe connects the output of three-terminal voltage-stabilizing circuit, sampling resistor is connected between emitter stage and the base stage of PNP excessively stream control pipe, the output of three-terminal voltage-stabilizing circuit even becomes the output of the voltage of tandem type protection power supply that overcurrent-overvoltage acousto-optic warning coexists after sampling resistor, the colelctor electrode of one termination PNP excessively stream control pipe of excessively stream door voltage-stabiliser tube, the other end of excessively stream door voltage-stabiliser tube is two-way, one tunnel connects the positive pole of indicator lamp three, the negative pole of indicator lamp three connects isolation resistance two and arrives ground wire, another road connects the one end starting resistance two, another termination starting resistance two starts OR gate two to startup silicon controlled control pole.
Lightning protection device is connected between rectification output and ground wire.
2nd, quick-break controllable silicon is same type of controllable silicon with starting controllable silicon.
3rd, branch road is accelerated to be accelerating diode and accelerating resistor composition, the positive pole of accelerating diode connects the positive pole of speed-up capacitor, and the negative pole of accelerating diode connects accelerating resistor to startup silicon controlled anode.
Further illustrate：
First, the tandem type that overcurrent-overvoltage acousto-optic warning coexists protects power supply to realize the explanation to the monitoring of three-terminal voltage-stabilizing circuit input end emphasis and protection.
1st, meaning.
Three-terminal voltage-stabilizing circuit is outstanding mu balanced circuit, but its shortcoming to be input voltage not high, highest only has 36 volts, once over-pressed, will damage, thus this circuit has a mind to the outer protection being formed mainly for extraneous, is such as struck by lightning, or the rising that the outer circuit of civil power surprisingly causes.Although there is lightning protection device product present market, suctions through product below 100 volts for the voltage and be difficult to buy, let alone be less than 36 volts of product.
2nd, the principle being formed.
When rectification output, that is to say that the input of three-terminal voltage-stabilizing circuit has higher voltage, and exceed over-pressed door voltage-stabiliser tube（In Fig. 2 101）Voltage stabilizing threshold voltage after, overvoltage protection start one unit conducting, so that silicon controlled rectifier protecting start unit is acted on rapidly.
Because silicon controlled rectifier protecting start unit has accelerating circuit to combine, and quick-break controllable silicon（In Fig. 2 201）Can there is strong positive feedback, thus response is exceedingly fast, and makes startup controllable silicon（In Fig. 2 301）Respond rapidly to, anode is snowslide step-down, thus the quick-break controllable silicon of clamper three-terminal voltage-stabilizing circuit input end（In Fig. 2 201）Rapid end, produce quick-break thus form protection.
Clamper overvoltage protection starts Unit two simultaneously to start controllable silicon, makes PNP overvoltage control triode（In Fig. 2 611）Colelctor electrode produce high pressure, drive indicator lamp two（In Fig. 2 702）Luminous, its acoustical generator（In Fig. 2 703）Sounding..
3rd, line feature analysis.
Normal condition in energising, quick-break controllable silicon（In Fig. 2 201）Be triggered resistance（In Fig. 2 202）Triggering and conducting, this triggering is to be triggered for a long time, rather than transient state triggering, so triggering dynamics is very big, can guarantee that silicon controlled reliably turns on, and is chronically at conducting state.Thus can be by the input of power delivery to three-terminal voltage-stabilizing circuit, the normal output of three-terminal voltage-stabilizing circuit is it is ensured that outside output loading output current.When there being overvoltage, overvoltage protection starts a unit conducting, so that silicon controlled rectifier protecting start unit is acted on rapidly, and clamper quick-break controllable silicon forms fast tripping protection.
Start controllable silicon with quick-break controllable silicon fast response time the reason be：One is that the resistance value being triggered due to quick-break controllable silicon is very big; all triggering in hundreds of K, as long as so having debugged the resistance of protective resistance, leading to start controllable silicon saturation or to saturation change; due to silicon controlled positive feedback, so controllable silicon can be towards cut-off direction change.（Here it should be noted that, textbook is said, controllable silicon cut-off condition is when anode current reduces and can be to cut-off direction change during electric current less than maintaining, but for one-way SCR, theory and practice all illustrates, silicon controlled negative electrode is reduced to zero, still can make controllable silicon towards cut-off direction change）.Two is to start silicon controlled anode by duplex feeding, and a route triggering resistance and quick-break control the power supply of diode one, another road just by the power supply of accelerating circuit, and due to speed-up capacitor when normal（In Fig. 2 312）It has been filled with electricity, thus in overvoltage, speed-up capacitor has been to accelerate startup thyristor to enter self-sustaining state, therefore in overvoltage, starts controllable silicon with quick-break silicon controlled response speed quickly, so fast tripping protection can be formed.
When forming fast tripping protection, indicator lamp two can be warned with acoustical generator simultaneously, the prompting of formation sound and light, because PNP overvoltage controls triode（In Fig. 2 611）There is high-order output in upset, so light is very reliable with the warning of sound.
Due to the voltage stabilizing value of front end overvoltage door voltage-stabiliser tube, can easily find, so the high meter of threshold value is flexibly it is also possible to very easily implement.
4th, lightning protection and the good measure explanation of overvoltage protection effect：
Over-pressed fast tripping protection and lightning protection device are the duplicate protections defining overvoltage and thunderbolt.To being connected with lightning protection device, when having thunderbolt, it shoves and for speed to enter ground rectification output end, thus when there being thunderbolt, forms the protection gushing pressure.
2nd, the tandem type that overcurrent-overvoltage acousto-optic warning coexists protects the explanation to the output end monitoring of three-terminal voltage-stabilizing circuit and the over-pressed quick-break monitoring of protection point and protection for the power supply：
1st, meaning.
A kind of protection that this protection produces after being mainly inspection three-terminal voltage-stabilizing circuit internal damage; if three-terminal voltage-stabilizing circuit damages; the voltage stabilizing value of its output inherently raises; then load is produced with the serious harm of overvoltage; due to being the keypoint part of power supply usually fault infringement, it is therefore necessary to being individually monitored and protect.
2nd, the principle being formed.
After three-terminal voltage-stabilizing circuit output voltage raises, exceed the adjustable voltage of voltage regulation value that overvoltage protection starts in Unit two, overvoltage protection starts Unit two and starts immediately, NPN overvoltage controls triode（In Fig. 2 603）Start, and PNP overvoltage controls triode（In Fig. 2 611）And NPN overvoltage controls the feedback between triode, accelerate the saturation that NPN overvoltage controls triode, making NPN overvoltage control the colelctor electrode of triode is rapidly low, clamper quick-break silicon controlled control pole, closes power supply rapidly, and forms protection.PNP overvoltage simultaneously controls the high-order formation sound of transistor collector and the prompting of light.
3rd, line feature analysis.
A, the door of this point protection adopt continuously adjustable triode analog circuit, so protective adaptation face is very wide.
Taking 78 series as a example, three end integrated stable voltage circuit voltage stabilizing values are different, and such as voltage stabilizing value has 5 volts respectively, 6 volts, 9 volts 12 volts, so the standard of overvoltage is different.And corresponding Zener diode bad with this cooperation.Protecting the threshold value of branch road due to three end integrated stable voltage circuit output ends is to employ continuously adjustable triode analog circuit; the threshold value of the Zener diode of its simulation selects flexible and continuously adjustabe; thus the standard of design protection can flexibly be formulated; can not be limited it is possible to adapt to all three end integrated stable voltage circuits.Formed principle be; after the upper inclined resistance resistance of this pipe increases; on this resistance, partial pressure increases; base stage is reduced with the partial pressure of emitter stage; also due to the NPN overvoltage of three end integrated stable voltage circuit output ends controls triode and PNP overvoltage to control the positive feedback having strong row between triode; so protection is avalanche type, rapidly, protection is strong.
Because this protection is because that three end integrated stable voltage circuits damage and cause it is necessary to repair, thus this protection will not self-healing, so indicator lamp only bright for a long time, user to be reported to always, until reparation.
3rd, the tandem type that overcurrent-overvoltage acousto-optic warning coexists protects power supply to realize the explanation to total current monitoring and protection（6th, current monitoring unit）.
（1）, its meaning.
This monitoring is mainly with protection：With PNP excessively stream control pipe（In Fig. 2 801）It has been linked to be a kind of special series connection（Circuit）Amplifying circuit.Because triode can be amplified to the electric current of change, so prominent effect：One is to have very high sensitivity, and two is that the fault that load can be occurred with three-terminal voltage-stabilizing circuit two aspect is monitored and protects, thus monitoring is with protection comprehensively.
（2）, formed principle.
Sample resistance（In Fig. 2 802）It is between emitter stage and the base stage being connected on PNP excessively stream control pipe, the size variation situation of electric current can be taken out.When the pressure drop of sample resistance meets the forward bias of this pipe, door voltage-stabiliser tube（In Fig. 2 811）Break through, because the conducting of PNP excessively stream control pipe, its colelctor electrode has High voltage output, indicator lamp three（In Fig. 2 821）Send light, excitation simultaneously starts controllable silicon（In Fig. 2 301）Action overturns.Start silicon controlled anode rapid clamper quick-break silicon controlled control pole, close power supply, clamper NPN overvoltage simultaneously controls triode, make NPN overvoltage control triode saturation, so that PNP overvoltage controls the colelctor electrode of triode to produce high pressure, encourage acoustical generator（In Fig. 2 703）With indicator lamp two（In Fig. 2 702）Warning.
Here just illustrate is the pressure reduction that PNP excessively stream control pipe has a PN section, thus makes three-terminal voltage-stabilizing circuit（In Fig. 2 501）Output defining the loss of voltage of PN section between voltage output, so increased a balance diode the earth terminal of three-terminal voltage-stabilizing circuit more（In Fig. 2 502）, improving the voltage output of three-terminal voltage-stabilizing circuit output end, offseting with the PN section of PNP excessively stream control pipe, thus not producing the loss of voltage.
（3）, effect and characteristic analysis.
A, strong positive feedback is had by Derivative Feedback unit, thus produce when excessively stream protection when, be " snowslide " formula in switching process, response is exceedingly fast.
B, monitoring are very sensitive.Amplified using PNP excessively stream control pipe, have very high sensitivity.Because overcurrent monitoring and protection are the important monitoring of one kind and protection, its fault involves a wide range of knowledge, and factor includes extraneous and internal cause two aspect, defines the relation of "AND" using its output after the combination of two pipes, can avoid further monitoring the error with protection.
C, monitoring are very accurate.Due to sample resistance（In Fig. 2 802）Both end voltage more than 1.4 volts；Be two pipes forward bias after, just have output, otherwise no export, so making monitoring accurately and reliable with protection.
D, due to produce electric current excessive due to have extraneous factor, after extraneous Failure elimination, electric current may diminish, thus instruction be capable of self-healing.
4th, the tandem type that overcurrent-overvoltage acousto-optic warning coexists protects the benefit explanation that lamp indicated at power supply three and acoustical generator instruction coexist.
Because there being the sound, guardian very can receive warning message to inspiration, arouses attention.
The 2 points of overvoltage monitorings being formed are with total current monitoring it is possible to being easily analyzed and judging out of order region.Wherein logic is as follows：
1st, during three-terminal voltage-stabilizing circuit malfunctions, indicator lamp one（In Fig. 2 614）With indicator lamp two（In Fig. 2 702）, all can be glittering, acoustical generator simultaneously（In Fig. 2 703）The sound occurs.
2nd, when load circuit breaks down, indicator lamp three（In Fig. 2 822）Length is bright, and indicator lamp two is glittering simultaneously, and acoustical generator occurs the sound.
3rd, rectifier output voltage is too high, and indicator lamp two can be bright, and the sound occurs simultaneously.
4th, recover after indicator lamp is glittering, represent that fault is excluded automatically, tell that user there may be civil power and has the situation of fluctuation, or outside line has certain fault.Need maintenance and inspection.
The present invention has following significant advantage after implementing：
First, after the present invention is implemented, voltage stabilizing, monitoring are collected, protection is integrated, and three kinds of functions all have prominent performance.2 points of particularly formation（Rectification output end and output end of pressure-stabilizing）, two parameter（Voltage and electric current）, two effects（Light and sound）System monitoring and protection, be highly advanced.His largest benefit one is that have very strong protective effect, greatly improves reliability.Two are and specific loads（As class load of ensuring public security）After cooperation, former " passive inspection state " can be become for " being actively discovered state ", so there being special meaning, thus enrich electronic circuit content.
2nd, anti-thunder protected effect spy is good.Because one is to define multi-stage protection.Two is the response express train of anti-thunder, because the complementary amplifying circuit that NPN pipe is formed with PNP has very strong positive feedback, response is soon.Three is that threshold voltage is flexibly adjustable, neatly threshold voltage can be transferred to desirable value, can not be limited.
3rd, protective value is excellent.
1st, complete function.Enable the duplicate protection of voltage and electric current.
2nd, protect tightly.One is that the failure factor such as overtension that factor to external world causes can form and timely protects, and two is that internal cause such as voltage-stabilized power supply produced problem can be protected in time.（Because power supply is often the emphasis of fault）.Three is that the problem that internal cause load is produced can be protected.
3rd, can be flexibly adjustable to the output end protection voltage output value of circuit of three-terminal voltage-stabilizing integrated, thus can be well matched with modern three-terminal voltage-stabilizing circuit.
4th, Monitoring Performance is excellent.
One is to monitor display comprehensively, and optoacoustic is simultaneously deposited, indicative strong., to specific loads such as equipment class of ensuring public security, meaning is critically important, and attendant can be made to be actively discovered problem for this.
Two is that monitoring parameter is comprehensive, has voltage, with electric current.
Three is that monitoring point is comprehensive：Monitor and caused by extraneous factor, or caused by load faulty, or caused by inside voltage-stabilized power supply.（Because power supply is in long-term "on" position, the often damageable keypoint part of equipment, so the present invention is single-row）.
Four is that the monitoring bright spot to electric current is many.
A, sensitivity are high, because monitoring employs amplifying circuit, are more than only being monitored to the presence or absence of electric current presence, but can monitor the situation of change of electric current.
B, sensitivity are flexibly adjustable.Because sample resistance is flexibly adjustable.
C, accurately reliability.Its reason be current monitoring amplifier tube with excessively stream start control pipe lower to the comparison threshold value being biased to for a standard, when starting higher than this value, on the contrary inoperative.
D, the effective voltage to rectification output end lose few.Because passage employs diode branch, step-down loss is only 2.1 volts（During using two diodes）, sample resistance is also only 1.4 volts（Because protection starts during higher than 1.4 volts）.
E, by monitoring instruction be easy to judge that fault zone and its rule of reason are：
1st, during three-terminal voltage-stabilizing circuit malfunctions, indicator lamp one and indicator lamp two, all can be glittering, acoustical generator occurs the sound simultaneously.
2nd, when load circuit breaks down, indicator lamp three length is bright, and indicator lamp two is glittering simultaneously, and acoustical generator occurs the sound.
3rd, rectifier output voltage is too high, and indicator lamp two can be bright, and the sound occurs simultaneously.
4th, recover after indicator lamp is glittering, represent that fault is excluded automatically, tell that user there may be civil power and has the situation of fluctuation, or outside line has certain fault.Need maintenance and inspection.
5th, voltage regulation result is good, because second level voltage stabilizing remains all of excellent in performance of three-terminal voltage-stabilizing circuit.Next to that prime triode base stage has integrating capacitor over the ground, capacitance voltage is unable to transition, thus there is certain pressure stabilization function, has been simultaneously connected with pressure limiting voltage-stabiliser tube, so defining the voltage stabilizing coarse adjustment voltage stabilizing of the first order.
6th, there is broader adaptability than traditional voltage-stabilized power supply, unexpected voltage is high occurring, and will not damage.And in voltage, lower ground side and period also can normal works.
7th, cheap, letter valency ratio is high, small volume, wide adaptability, and matching is strong.
8th, simple in circuits, easily produces and debugging, and the debug point that reason one is because in circuit is few.Two are, easily quantify very much.Debugging scope is loose, workable.
9th, this product can be used for the developmental research to new product, there is weak link in the degradation to new product, observing that part of new product.
Brief description
Fig. 1 is the frame principle figure that the tandem type that overcurrent-overvoltage acousto-optic warning coexists protects power supply.
In figure：1st, rectification output；2nd, lightning protection device；9th, the tandem type that overcurrent-overvoltage acousto-optic warning coexists protects the voltage output of power supply；10th, overvoltage protection starts a unit；20th, controllable silicon fast tripping protection unit；30th, silicon controlled rectifier protecting start unit；31st, accelerator module；50th, three-terminal voltage-stabilizing unit；60th, overvoltage protection starts two units 70, failure warning unit；80th, excessively stream control unit；81st, excessively stream starting protection unit；82nd, excessively stream display unit.
Fig. 2 is the electronic component engineering philosophy figure that the tandem type that overcurrent-overvoltage acousto-optic warning coexists protects a kind of embodiment of power supply.
In figure：1st, rectification output；2nd, lightning protection device；9th, the tandem type that overcurrent-overvoltage acousto-optic warning coexists protects the voltage output of power supply；101st, over-pressed door voltage-stabiliser tube；102nd, start resistance one；103rd, start OR gate one；201st, quick-break controllable silicon；202nd, trigger resistance；301st, start controllable silicon；302nd, sensitivity resistor；303rd, quick-break controls diode one；305th, display execution diode one；306th, display execution diode two；311st, isolating diode；312nd, speed-up capacitor；313rd, accelerating diode；315th, accelerating resistor；501st, three-terminal voltage-stabilizing circuit；502nd, balance diode；601st, the adjustable inclined resistance of overvoltage；602nd, the adjustable inclined protective resistance of overvoltage；603rd, NPN overvoltage controls triode；604th, over-pressed adjustable lower bias resistance；611st, PNP overvoltage controls triode；612nd, commissure resistance；613rd, feedback resistance；614th, indicator lamp one；616th, quick-break controls diode two；701st, isolation resistance one；702nd, indicator lamp two；703rd, acoustical generator；801st, PNP excessively stream control pipe；802nd, sampling resistor；811st, excessively stream door voltage-stabiliser tube；812nd, start resistance two；813rd, start OR gate two；821st, indicator lamp three；822nd, isolation resistance two.
Fig. 3 is the method figure of monitoring current used on specification.
In figure：901st, current input terminal；902nd, current output terminal；903rd, the Zener diode of current channel；904th, light emitting diode；905th, balance resistance.
Fig. 4 is that analogy method figure during three-terminal voltage-stabilizing circuit raising output voltage debugged by specification.
In figure：501st, three-terminal voltage-stabilizing circuit；502nd, balance diode；503rd, the upper inclined resistance newly increasing；504th, the lower inclined resistance newly increasing；505th, voltmeter.
Concrete example of making
Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4 have expressed a kind of example of making.
First, select element：Lightning protection device selects the lightning protection device that breakdown voltage is within 100 volts；The quick-break controllable silicon starting controllable silicon with the input of three-terminal voltage-stabilizing circuit selects one-way SCR, PNP excessively stream control pipe amplification coefficient is 50---80, NPN overvoltage controls triode to select 8050, PNP overvoltage controls triode to adopt 8550, it is 1W that all door voltage-stabiliser tubes select power, and three-terminal voltage-stabilizing circuit selects 78 series.
2nd, weld：Principle according to Fig. 2 makes circuit control panel, enters units welding according to Fig. 2.
3rd, the inspection of energising and debugging：Power supply is allowed to connect load first.Load can be replaced by equivalent resistance, and equivalent resistance one end is connected on power output end, and an end is connected on ground wire.
1st, to current monitoring and the inspection protected and debugging.
The sensitivity of debugging sample resistance, is now connected on sample resistance with the red test pencil of voltmeter（In Fig. 2 802）Connect PNP excessively stream control pipe（In Fig. 2 801）One end of base stage, black meter pen is connected to the sample resistance other end.
A, when equivalent resistance is for normal load current, PNP excessively stream control pipe（In Fig. 2 801）Colelctor electrode no exports.
B, when equivalent resistance is less than normal value, be load current little over normal value when, the both end voltage of sample resistance increases, and produces forward bias, and PNP excessively stream controls pipe collector should have output.Now indicator lamp three（In Fig. 2 821）With indicator lamp two（In Fig. 2 702）Bright, acoustical generator（In Fig. 2 701）There is auditory tone cues.With ammeter test starting silicon controlled anode（In Fig. 2 301）Current collection is extremely low, surveys PNP overvoltage simultaneously and controls triode（In Fig. 2 611）Colelctor electrode should be high-order.
If PNP excessively stream control pipe no exports, possibly PNP excessively stream control pipe is damaged.
If PNP excessively stream controls pipe collector to have electricity, indicator lamp two does not work, and acoustical generator does not ring, then be probably to start OR gate two（In Fig. 2 813）Weldering instead or has sealing-off in excessively stream starting protection unit.
C, when load current is little over certain value（According to design requirement, when such as 10%）, indicator lamp three（In Fig. 2 821）With indicator lamp two（In Fig. 2 702）Bright, sound is exhaled simultaneously.
D, when load current recover normal value when（It is that equivalent resistance reverts to normal load value）, indicator lamp three do not worked with indicator lamp two, and sound does not ring simultaneously.
2nd, the inspection to the overvoltage monitoring of three-terminal voltage-stabilizing circuit input end and debugging.
DC voltage regulator is connected to rectification output.It is to replace rectifying circuit with DC voltage regulator, using two voltmeters, first table connects between DC voltage regulator output and ground wire, for testing output voltage.Second table connects measurement three-terminal voltage-stabilizing circuit input end voltage between three-terminal voltage-stabilizing circuit power input and ground wire.
A, determine that the threshold voltage of rectification output end as 30 volts, then selects over-pressed door voltage-stabiliser tube（In Fig. 2 101）Voltage-stabiliser tube welding for 30 volts about.After DC voltage regulator voltage exceeds 30 volts, then second ammeter no-voltage, represent three-terminal voltage-stabilizing circuit input end no-voltage.If DC voltage regulator holds height, second ammeter will continue no-voltage, and after DC voltage regulator voltage recovers normal, then second voltmeter voltage recovers normal.During second voltmeter no-voltage, indicator lamp two（In Fig. 2 702）Bright, the sound simultaneously.
B, when DC voltage regulator voltage recovers normal, that is, after being less than 30 volts, indicator lamp two does not work, and sound does not ring.
3rd, to the overvoltage monitoring of three-terminal voltage-stabilizing circuit output end and the detection protected and debugging.
（1）, detection with adjustment protection start threshold value.
Measure the output end of three-terminal voltage-stabilizing circuit with voltmeter.Determine the threshold voltage of output end protection, such as higher than normal voltage stabilizing value 10% volt, protection act.
A, method are to disconnect the positive pole of the balance diode that three-terminal voltage-stabilizing circuit ground end is connect, and connect between the balance positive pole of diode and the earth terminal of three-terminal voltage-stabilizing circuit a resistance i.e. under inclined resistance, it is connected a resistance with output end in three end integrated stable voltage circuit earth terminals simultaneously and go up inclined resistance, at this moment the voltage of output end can improve（Referring to Fig. 4）Adjust the value of two resistance, such as the resistance of lower inclined resistance increased,（Or the resistance of upper inclined resistance is reduced）, allow the voltage that the output end of circuit of three-terminal voltage-stabilizing integrated increases reach desirable value, such as 10%.At this moment voltmeter is designated as high such as 10% voltage.
B, determine threshold voltage value after, adjustment protection start.
After overvoltage exceedes the adjustable voltage stabilizing value that overvoltage protection starts in Unit two, NPN overvoltage controls triode（In Fig. 2 603）Saturation, clamper quick-break controllable silicon（In Fig. 2 201）, form fast tripping protection.PNP overvoltage controls triode（In Fig. 2 611）Conducting, indicator lamp one（In Fig. 2 614）Bright.
（2）, monitoring with protection normal phenomenon.
After three-terminal voltage-stabilizing circuit output voltage exceedes the adjustable voltage stabilizing value that overvoltage protection starts in Unit two, indicator lamp one（In Fig. 2 614）With indicator lamp two（In Fig. 2 702）Bright, the sound simultaneously.
As incorrect in above-mentioned situation, then it is the component wear that overvoltage protection starts in Unit two.
4th, the inspection to silicon controlled rectifier protecting start unit and debugging.
Connected with oscillographic y-axis input and start controllable silicon（In Fig. 2 201）Anode, ground wire input end grounding.
Connecting resistance with mains terminals goes triggering to start silicon controlled control pole, and at this moment oscillograph has the rapidly high-order display becoming low level, if inadequate rapidly, is adjustment sensitivity resistor（In Fig. 2 302）.Or adjustment accelerates accelerating diode in branch road（In Fig. 2 313）The accelerating resistor of series connection（In Fig. 2 315）.
At this moment acoustical generator（In Fig. 2 703）Have sound sound, simultaneously indicator lamp two（In Fig. 2 702）Can be bright.
Claims (3)
1. the tandem type protection power supply that overcurrent-overvoltage acousto-optic warning coexists, is characterized in that：By lightning protection device, overvoltage protection starts a unit, controllable silicon fast tripping protection unit, silicon controlled rectifier protecting start unit; accelerator module, three-terminal voltage-stabilizing unit, overvoltage protection starts Unit two, failure warning unit; excessively stream control unit, excessively stream starting protection unit, excessively stream display unit collectively constitutes；
The tandem type protection power supply that overcurrent-overvoltage acousto-optic warning coexists; define one kind to be linked to be one kind with PNP triode and be connected on Current amplifier form of tubes in port line; one is to realize the change of line current being monitored and protecting; two is to export to rectification output in circuit at crucial 2 points with voltage stabilizing; be monitored and protect, three be monitoring and protected effect that effect is coexisted using acousto-optic overcurrent-overvoltage acousto-optic warning coexist tandem type protection power supply；
Wherein：Overvoltage protection starts a unit and is made up of over-pressed door voltage-stabiliser tube, startup resistance one, startup OR gate one：One termination rectification output of over-pressed door voltage-stabiliser tube; another termination of over-pressed door voltage-stabiliser tube starts one end of resistance one; another termination starting resistance one starts the positive pole of OR gate one, and the negative pole starting OR gate one connects startup silicon controlled control pole in silicon controlled rectifier protecting start unit；
Controllable silicon fast tripping protection unit is made up of quick-break controllable silicon, triggering resistance：Quick-break silicon controlled anode connects rectification output, and triggering resistance is connected between silicon controlled anode and control pole；
Silicon controlled rectifier protecting start unit by start controllable silicon, sensitivity resistor, quick-break control diode one, display execution diode one, display execution diode two form；Accelerator module is made up of isolating diode, speed-up capacitor, acceleration branch road；
Start silicon controlled minus earth line, one termination of sensitivity resistor starts silicon controlled control pole, the other end ground wire of sensitivity resistor, quick-break controls the positive pole of diode one to connect quick-break silicon controlled control pole, quick-break controls the negative pole of diode one to connect startup silicon controlled anode, the positive pole of isolating diode connects quick-break silicon controlled negative electrode, the negative pole of isolating diode connects the positive pole of speed-up capacitor, the minus earth line of speed-up capacitor, the positive pole of speed-up capacitor accelerates branch road with starting the indirect of silicon controlled anode, the negative pole of two display execution diodes all connects startup silicon controlled anode, the positive pole of display execution diode one connects overvoltage protection and starts the colelctor electrode that NPN overvoltage in Unit two controls triode, the positive pole of display execution diode two connects the other end that overvoltage protection starts feedback resistance in Unit two；
Three-terminal voltage-stabilizing unit is made up of with balance diode three-terminal voltage-stabilizing circuit：To ground wire, the input of three-terminal voltage-stabilizing circuit in three-terminal voltage-stabilizing unit connects quick-break silicon controlled negative electrode to the ground connection termination balance diode of three-terminal voltage-stabilizing circuit, and three-terminal voltage-stabilizing circuit output protects the voltage output of power supply for the tandem type that overcurrent-overvoltage acousto-optic warning coexists；
Overvoltage protection starts Unit two and controls triode, PNP overvoltage to control triode, overvoltage adjustable lower bias resistance, commissure resistance, feedback resistance, indicator lamp one, quick-break to control diode two to form by the adjustable inclined resistance of overvoltage, over-pressed adjustable inclined protective resistance, NPN overvoltage：The output of one termination three-terminal voltage-stabilizing circuit of over-pressed adjustable inclined resistance, the adjustable inclined protective resistance of other end series connection overvoltage of over-pressed adjustable inclined resistance controls the base stage of triode to NPN overvoltage, over-pressed adjustable lower bias resistance is connected between base stage and the ground wire that NPN overvoltage controls triode, commissure resistance is connected on NPN overvoltage and controls the colelctor electrode of triode and PNP overvoltage to control between the base stage of triode, one termination PNP overvoltage of feedback resistance controls the colelctor electrode of triode, the positive pole of another termination indicator lamp one of feedback resistance, the negative pole of indicator lamp one connects the base stage that NPN overvoltage controls triode, quick-break controls the positive pole of diode two to connect quick-break silicon controlled control pole, quick-break controls the negative pole of diode two to connect the colelctor electrode that NPN overvoltage controls triode；
Failure warning unit is made up of acoustical generator, indicator lamp two, isolation resistance one：Acoustical generator is connected between colelctor electrode and the ground wire that PNP overvoltage controls triode, and a termination PNP overvoltage of isolation resistance one controls the colelctor electrode of triode, and another termination indicator lamp two of isolation resistance one arrives ground wire；
Excessively stream control unit is made up of PNP excessively stream control pipe, sampling resistor；Excessively stream starting protection unit is made up of excessively stream door voltage-stabiliser tube, startup resistance two, startup OR gate two；Excessively stream display unit is made up of with indicator lamp three isolation resistance two；
The emitter stage of PNP excessively stream control pipe connects the output of three-terminal voltage-stabilizing circuit, sampling resistor is connected between emitter stage and the base stage of PNP excessively stream control pipe, the output of three-terminal voltage-stabilizing circuit even becomes the output of the voltage of tandem type protection power supply that overcurrent-overvoltage acousto-optic warning coexists after sampling resistor, the colelctor electrode of one termination PNP excessively stream control pipe of excessively stream door voltage-stabiliser tube, the other end of excessively stream door voltage-stabiliser tube is two-way, one tunnel connects the positive pole of indicator lamp three, the negative pole of indicator lamp three connects isolation resistance two and arrives ground wire, another road connects the one end starting resistance two, another termination starting resistance two starts OR gate two to startup silicon controlled control pole；
Lightning protection device is connected between rectification output and ground wire.
2. the tandem type protection power supply that overcurrent-overvoltage acousto-optic warning according to claim 1 coexists, is characterized in that：Quick-break controllable silicon is same type of controllable silicon with starting controllable silicon.
3. the tandem type protection power supply that overcurrent-overvoltage acousto-optic warning according to claim 1 coexists, is characterized in that：Branch road is accelerated to be that accelerating diode is formed with accelerating resistor, the positive pole of accelerating diode connects the positive pole of speed-up capacitor, and the negative pole of accelerating diode connects accelerating resistor to startup silicon controlled anode.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110190471A (en) * | 2019-07-03 | 2019-08-30 | 山西工程技术学院 | A kind of safety power source plug socket and production method |
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