CN106405649B - A kind of processing method and processing device of seismic data - Google Patents
A kind of processing method and processing device of seismic data Download PDFInfo
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- CN106405649B CN106405649B CN201610718702.2A CN201610718702A CN106405649B CN 106405649 B CN106405649 B CN 106405649B CN 201610718702 A CN201610718702 A CN 201610718702A CN 106405649 B CN106405649 B CN 106405649B
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- seismic data
- geophone station
- offset distance
- offset
- distance
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. analysis, for interpretation, for correction
- G01V1/36—Effecting static or dynamic corrections on records, e.g. correcting spread; Correlating seismic signals; Eliminating effects of unwanted energy
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
- G01V2210/30—Noise handling
Abstract
The embodiment of the invention provides a kind of processing method and processing devices of seismic data.The described method includes: according to the offset distance of geophone station in the seismic data of preset rules setting single-shot acquisition；The seismic data that offset distance has been arranged is handled according to default processing mode.Utilize the technical solution provided in an embodiment of the present invention, the offset distance of geophone station in original earthquake data can be rearranged, so that the variation of the offset distance more regularization, the sample space that seismic data after transformation offset distance can make up seismic data is insufficient, and it eliminates alias, the false arc of seismic data as caused by sample space is insufficient and the distortion phenomenons such as upwarps, so that the imaging of the seismic data after default processing mode processing is more accurate, effective method is provided for the work of the seismic processings such as subsequent removal seismic interference.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to seismic exploration technique field more particularly to a kind of processing method and processing devices of seismic data.
Background technique
Often there are a variety of seismic interferences in seismic data, such as the interference of linear disturbance, surface wave interference, sound wave, earthquake are done
It disturbs and generally will affect being ultimately imaged for seismic data.Seismic interference has multiple types, and a portion interference can be based on speed
Degree identification removal, the speed parameter of seismic data is related to offset distance parameter, generally, by offset distance parameter value and propagates the time difference
The ratio of parameter value is as velocity parameter values.It, can be using two-dimensional filtering transformation etc. after carrying out speed identification to seismic interference
Method removes relative earthquake interference, such as slant stack transformation, Fourier transformation.
During earthquake-capturing, due to being restricted by many factors such as economy and environment, seismic data is along space coordinate
Direction is usually sparse sampling, in this way, it includes more serious sky that the deficiency in data sampling space, which may cause seismic data,
Between alias, space aliasing generates large effect to removal linear disturbance etc., so that the seismic data imaging finally obtained is presented
Alias, arcuation such as upwarp at the distortion.
Summary of the invention
A kind of processing method and processing device for being designed to provide seismic data of the application, can make the offset distance
Change more regularization, eliminates the distortion phenomenons such as the alias of the seismic data as caused by the deficiency of sample space.
To achieve the goals above, the present invention provides a kind of processing method and processing device of seismic data, the method and
Device is specifically achieved in that
A kind of processing method of seismic data, which comprises
The offset distance of geophone station in the seismic data acquired according to preset rules setting single-shot；
The seismic data that offset distance has been arranged is handled according to default processing mode.
Optionally, in one embodiment of the invention, the method also includes:
Obtain seismic data in geophone station original offset away from；
Correspondingly, it is described the seismic data is handled according to default processing mode after, the method is also wrapped
It includes:
By the offset distance being arranged according to the preset rules be restored to the original offset away from.
Optionally, in one embodiment of the invention, the seismic data acquired according to preset rules setting single-shot
The offset distance of middle geophone station includes:
Obtain the relative position of the geophone station and shot point；
The offset distance of the geophone station is calculated according to the relative position of preset reference distance and the geophone station and shot point.
Optionally, in one embodiment of the invention, the preset reference distance includes road spacing.
Optionally, in one embodiment of the invention, described according to preset reference distance and the geophone station and big gun
The relative position of point calculates the offset distance of the geophone station
The number of the geophone station is set according to the relative position of the geophone station and shot point；
Using the product of the number and the preset reference distance as the offset distance of the geophone station.
A kind of processing unit of seismic data, described device include:
Offset distance setting unit, the offset for geophone station in the seismic data according to preset rules setting single-shot acquisition
Away from；
Seismic data process unit, for being carried out to the seismic data that offset distance has been arranged according to default processing mode
Processing.
Optionally, in one embodiment of the invention, described device further include:
Original offset away from acquiring unit, for obtain the original offset of geophone station in seismic data away from；
Offset distance reduction unit, it is described original inclined for the offset distance being arranged according to the preset rules to be restored to
Move away from.
Optionally, in one embodiment of the invention, the offset distance setting unit includes:
Relative position acquiring unit, for obtaining the relative position of the geophone station and shot point；
Offset distance computing unit, for being calculated according to the relative position of preset reference distance and the geophone station and shot point
The offset distance of the geophone station.
Optionally, in one embodiment of the invention, the preset reference distance includes road spacing.
Optionally, in one embodiment of the invention, the offset distance computing unit includes:
Number setting unit, for the number of the geophone station to be arranged according to the relative position of the geophone station and shot point；
Computing unit, for using the product of the number and the preset reference distance as the offset of the geophone station
Away from.
The processing method and processing device of seismic data provided by the invention, can be to the offset of geophone station in original earthquake data
Away from being rearranged, so that the variation of the offset distance more regularization, the seismic data after converting offset distance can be made up
The sample space of seismic data is insufficient, and the alias of elimination seismic data as caused by the deficiency of sample space, false arc upwarp
Distortion phenomenon so that the imaging of the seismic data after default processing mode processing is more accurate, for it is subsequent removably
The seismic processings work such as shake interference provides effective method.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or in the prior art more clearly, to embodiment or will show below
There is attached drawing needed in technical description to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is only this
The some embodiments recorded in application, for those of ordinary skill in the art, in the premise of not making the creative labor property
Under, it is also possible to obtain other drawings based on these drawings.
Fig. 1 is a kind of method flow diagram of embodiment of the processing method of seismic data provided by the invention；
Fig. 2 is a kind of method flow diagram of embodiment of setting offset distance method provided by the invention；
Fig. 3 is a kind of method flow diagram of the embodiment provided by the invention for calculating offset distance method；
Fig. 4 is the seismic data sectional view of the original single-shot acquisition in somewhere provided by the invention；
Fig. 5 is the image provided by the invention carried out after slant stack transformation to the original earthquake data；
Fig. 6 is provided by the invention according to the processed seismic data image of present invention method；
Fig. 7 is a kind of modular structure schematic diagram of embodiment of seismic data process device provided by the invention；
Fig. 8 is the modular structure schematic diagram of another embodiment of seismic data process device provided by the invention；
Fig. 9 is a kind of modular structure schematic diagram of embodiment of offset distance setting unit provided by the invention；
Figure 10 is a kind of modular structure schematic diagram of embodiment of offset distance computing unit provided by the invention.
Specific embodiment
In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solutions in the application, below in conjunction with the application reality
The attached drawing in example is applied, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the application is clearly and completely described, it is clear that described implementation
Example is merely a part but not all of the embodiments of the present application.Based on the embodiment in the application, this field is common
The application protection all should belong in technical staff's every other embodiment obtained without making creative work
Range.
Fig. 1 is a kind of method flow diagram of embodiment of the processing method of seismic data provided by the invention, such as Fig. 1 institute
Show, the method may include:
S1: the offset distance of geophone station in the seismic data acquired according to preset rules setting single-shot.
In the present embodiment, the offset distance is that geophone station arrives the distance between shot point, in the seismic data of single-shot excitation,
The offset distance of each geophone station is different in seisline, the offset distance variation on seisline apart from the closer geophone station of shot point
It is smaller, and the offset distance apart from the farther away geophone station of the shot point changes greatly.As described above, during earthquake-capturing, by
It is restricted in by many factors such as economy and environment, seismic data is usually sparse sampling along space coordinate direction, due to sky
Between the deficiency that samples, it is abnormal often to there is alias etc. in imaging process the seismic data obtained apart from the closer geophone station of shot point
Cash as.
There is the phenomenon that alias in seismic data imaging caused by for the above-mentioned deficiency due to spatial sampling, and the present embodiment can
The offset distance of geophone station in seismic data to reset single-shot acquisition according to preset rules.It specifically, can be according to detection
The relative position of point and shot point resets the offset distance, and An embodiment provides a kind of setting offset distances
Method, Fig. 2 is a kind of method flow diagram of embodiment of setting offset distance method provided by the invention, as shown in Fig. 2, the side
Method may include:
S21: the relative position of the geophone station and shot point is obtained.
The ground that the single seisline that seismic data processing technique in the present embodiment can be applied in single-shot excitation obtains
In the scene for shaking data processing, the single seisline is often that city is arranged in a straight line.In the present embodiment, the available detection
The relative position of point and shot point determines the geophone station nearest apart from the shot point depending on that relative position.
S22: the inclined of the geophone station is calculated according to the relative position of preset reference distance and the geophone station and shot point
Move away from.
It, can be with after determining the geophone station nearest apart from the shot point according to the relative position of the geophone station and shot point
The offset distance of the geophone station is calculated in conjunction with preset reference distance.An embodiment provides a kind of calculating offset distances
Method, Fig. 3 be it is provided by the invention calculate offset distance method a kind of embodiment method flow diagram, as shown in figure 3, described
Include: according to the offset distance that the relative position of preset reference distance and the geophone station and shot point calculates the geophone station
S31: the number of the geophone station is set according to the relative position of the geophone station and shot point.
In the present embodiment, after determining the geophone station nearest apart from the shot point, the volume of each geophone station can be set
Number, for example, in one embodiment of the invention, the number that the geophone station nearest apart from the shot point can be set is 0,
The number that next geophone station of the geophone station nearest apart from the shot point is arranged again is 1, and incremented by successively, until completing
To the number of geophone station on single seisline.It should be noted that on the both sides of the geophone station nearest apart from the shot point
When having geophone station, the mode that number is arranged is identical, for example, can extend along the nearest geophone station to both sides, successively sets
The number for setting geophone station is 1,2,3 ... ..., at this point, identical as the nearest number of geophone station of geophone station same distance.
S32: using the product of the number and the preset reference distance as the offset distance of the geophone station.
It, can be using the product of the number of the geophone station of setting and the preset reference distance as institute in the present embodiment
State the offset distance of geophone station.The embodiment of the present invention preset reference distance may include spacing, between two adjacent geophone stations
Distance be road spacing, generally, in seismic data the original offset of geophone station away from having close ties with the road spacing, because
This, the acquisition situation of actual seismic data is more in line with using road spacing as the preset reference distance.
In the present embodiment, the product with the preset reference distance can be numbered as the inclined of the geophone station using described
Move away from.For example, road spacing is L, the offset distance that the geophone station nearest apart from shot point is arranged is 0, is arranged and described apart from big gun
The offset distance of the adjacent geophone station of the nearest geophone station of point is L, and the offset distance for setting gradually subsequent geophone station is 2L, 3L,
4L ... ....
In the present embodiment, the offset distance of geophone station in seismic data can be reset, by the offset distance regularization, In
The space aliasing phenomenon that the seismic data as caused by the deficiency of sample space includes can be eliminated to a certain extent.
S2: the seismic data that offset distance has been arranged is handled according to default processing mode.
After the offset distance to the geophone station converts, the seismic data that offset distance has been arranged can be pressed
It is handled according to default processing mode.The default processing mode may include removing the methods of data transformation of seismic interference,
Such as Fourier transformation, slant stack transformation etc..
Illustrate present invention method below by a specific application scenarios, Fig. 4 is somewhere provided by the invention
The seismic data sectional view of the original single-shot acquisition in area, wherein abscissa is the Position Number of geophone station, and ordinate is seismic wave
When walking.Sectional view shown in FIG. 1 is observed it can be found that there is more serious linear disturbance in original earthquake data.Fig. 5 is this
Invention offer carries out the image after slant stack transformation to the original earthquake data, and slant stack transformation can remove
Linear disturbance, as shown in figure 5, due to the deficiency of spatial sampling, after carrying out slant stack transformation to original earthquake data, at
As the distortion phenomenon that alias and arcuation upwarp occurs in the middle section of figure.Fig. 6 is provided by the invention according to the embodiment of the present invention
The processed seismic data image of method, as shown in fig. 6, since the offset distance to geophone station in seismic data converts,
So that the offset distance of each geophone station is regularly arranged in entire seisline, the deficiency of spatial sampling is compensated for, image is eliminated
In fake frequency phenomenon so that the linear disturbance in removal seismic data obtains preferable effect.
It is subsequent, in one embodiment of the invention, the method also includes:
Obtain seismic data in geophone station original offset away from；
Correspondingly, it is described the seismic data is handled according to default processing mode after, the method is also wrapped
It includes:
By the offset distance being arranged according to the preset rules be restored to the original offset away from.
The seismic data processing technique of the present embodiment is directed to the treatment process of default processing mode, completes to seismic data
Processing after, the offset distance being arranged according to the preset rules can be restored to the original offset away from after an action of the bowels
The processing of continuous seismic data.
The processing method of seismic data provided by the invention, can be to the offset distance progress of geophone station in original earthquake data
It rearranges, so that the variation of the offset distance more regularization, the seismic data after converting offset distance can make up earthquake number
According to sample space it is insufficient, and eliminate as sample space it is insufficient caused by alias, the false arc of seismic data the distortion such as to upwarp existing
As, so that the imaging of the seismic data after default processing mode processing is more accurate, it is subsequent removal seismic interference
Equal seismic processings work provides effective method.
Another aspect of the present invention also provides a kind of processing unit of seismic data, and Fig. 7 is seismic data provided by the invention
The modular structure schematic diagram of a kind of embodiment of processing unit, as shown in fig. 7, described device 70 may include:
Offset distance setting unit 71, the offset for geophone station in the seismic data according to preset rules setting single-shot acquisition
Away from；
Seismic data process unit 72, for the seismic data that offset distance has been set according to default processing mode into
Row processing.
The processing unit of seismic data provided by the invention, can be to the offset distance progress of geophone station in original earthquake data
It rearranges, so that the variation of the offset distance more regularization, the seismic data after converting offset distance can make up earthquake number
According to sample space it is insufficient, and eliminate as sample space it is insufficient caused by alias, the false arc of seismic data the distortion such as to upwarp existing
As, so that the imaging of the seismic data after default processing mode processing is more accurate, it is subsequent removal seismic interference
Equal seismic processings work provides effective method.
Fig. 8 is the modular structure schematic diagram of another embodiment of seismic data process device provided by the invention, such as Fig. 8
Shown, described device 80 may include:
Original offset away from acquiring unit 81, for obtain the original offset of geophone station in seismic data away from；
Offset distance reduction unit 82, it is described original for the offset distance being arranged according to the preset rules to be restored to
Offset distance.
The seismic data processing technique of the present embodiment is directed to the treatment process of default processing mode, completes to seismic data
Processing after, the offset distance being arranged according to the preset rules can be restored to the original offset away from after an action of the bowels
The processing of continuous seismic data.
Fig. 9 is a kind of modular structure schematic diagram of embodiment of offset distance setting unit 71 provided by the invention, such as Fig. 9 institute
Show, the offset distance setting unit 71 may include:
Relative position acquiring unit 91, for obtaining the relative position of the geophone station and shot point；
Offset distance computing unit 92, based on according to the relative position of preset reference distance and the geophone station and shot point
Calculate the offset distance of the geophone station.
In the present embodiment, the detection nearest apart from the shot point is being determined according to the relative position of the geophone station and shot point
After point, the offset distance of the geophone station can be calculated in conjunction with preset reference distance.
Figure 10 is a kind of modular structure schematic diagram of embodiment of offset distance computing unit 92 provided by the invention, such as Figure 10
Shown, the offset distance computing unit 92 may include:
Number setting unit 101, for the volume of the geophone station to be arranged according to the relative position of the geophone station and shot point
Number；
Computing unit 102, for numbering the product with the preset reference distance as the inclined of the geophone station for described
Move away from.
In the present embodiment, the offset distance of geophone station in seismic data can be reset, by the offset distance regularization, In
The space aliasing phenomenon that the seismic data as caused by the deficiency of sample space includes can be eliminated to a certain extent.
In one embodiment of the invention, the preset reference distance includes road spacing.In the present embodiment, two adjacent
The distance between geophone station is road spacing, and generally, the original offset of geophone station is close away from having with the road spacing in seismic data
Therefore cutting link is more in line with the acquisition situation of actual seismic data using road spacing as the preset reference distance.
All the embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, the highlights of each of the examples are with
The difference of other embodiments, the same or similar parts between the embodiments can be referred to each other.Especially for system reality
For applying example, since it is substantially similar to the method embodiment, so being described relatively simple, related place is referring to embodiment of the method
Part explanation.
Although depicting the application by embodiment, it will be appreciated by the skilled addressee that the application there are many deformation and
Variation is without departing from spirit herein, it is desirable to which the attached claims include these deformations and change without departing from the application's
Spirit.
Although this application provides the method operating procedure as described in embodiment or flow chart, based on conventional or noninvasive
The labour for the property made may include more or less operating procedure.The step of enumerating in embodiment sequence is only numerous steps
One of execution sequence mode, does not represent and unique executes sequence.It, can when device or client production in practice executes
To execute or parallel execute (such as at parallel processor or multithreading according to embodiment or method shown in the drawings sequence
The environment of reason).
The device or module that above-described embodiment illustrates can specifically realize by computer chip or entity, or by having
The product of certain function is realized.For convenience of description, it is divided into various modules when description apparatus above with function to describe respectively.
The function of each module can be realized in the same or multiple software and or hardware when implementing the application.It is of course also possible to
Realization the module for realizing certain function is combined by multiple submodule or subelement.
Method, apparatus or module described herein can realize that controller is pressed in a manner of computer readable program code
Any mode appropriate is realized, for example, controller can take such as microprocessor or processor and storage can be by (micro-)
The computer-readable medium of computer readable program code (such as software or firmware) that processor executes, logic gate, switch, specially
With integrated circuit (Application Specific Integrated Circuit, ASIC), programmable logic controller (PLC) and embedding
Enter the form of microcontroller, the example of controller includes but is not limited to following microcontroller: ARC 625D, Atmel AT91SAM,
Microchip PIC18F26K20 and Silicone Labs C8051F320, Memory Controller are also implemented as depositing
A part of the control logic of reservoir.It is also known in the art that in addition to real in a manner of pure computer readable program code
Other than existing controller, completely can by by method and step carry out programming in logic come so that controller with logic gate, switch, dedicated
The form of integrated circuit, programmable logic controller (PLC) and insertion microcontroller etc. realizes identical function.Therefore this controller
It is considered a kind of hardware component, and hardware can also be considered as to the device for realizing various functions that its inside includes
Structure in component.Or even, it can will be considered as the software either implementation method for realizing the device of various functions
Module can be the structure in hardware component again.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of processing method of seismic data, which is characterized in that the described method includes:
Obtain seismic data in geophone station original offset away from；
The offset distance of geophone station in the seismic data acquired according to preset rules setting single-shot；
The seismic data that offset distance has been arranged is handled according to default processing mode；
By the offset distance being arranged according to the preset rules be restored to the original offset away from；
Wherein, the offset distance that geophone station in the seismic data that single-shot acquires is set according to preset rules, comprising:
Obtain the relative position of the geophone station and shot point；
The number of the geophone station is set according to the relative position of the geophone station and shot point；
Using the product of the number and the preset reference distance as the offset distance of the geophone station.
2. a kind of processing method of seismic data according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the preset reference distance packet
Include spacing.
3. a kind of processing unit of seismic data, which is characterized in that described device includes:
Original offset away from acquiring unit, for obtain the original offset of geophone station in seismic data away from；
Offset distance setting unit, the offset distance for geophone station in the seismic data according to preset rules setting single-shot acquisition；
Seismic data process unit, for the seismic data that offset distance has been set according to default processing mode at
Reason；
Offset distance reduction unit, for the offset distance being arranged according to the preset rules to be restored to the original offset
Away from；
Wherein, the offset distance setting unit, comprising:
Relative position acquiring unit, for obtaining the relative position of the geophone station and shot point；
Number setting unit, for the number of the geophone station to be arranged according to the relative position of the geophone station and shot point；
Computing unit, for using the product of the number and the preset reference distance as the offset distance of the geophone station.
4. a kind of processing unit of seismic data according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the preset reference distance packet
Include spacing.
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| CN101581792A (en) * | 2008-05-15 | 2009-11-18 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Method for improving transverse resolution of longitudinal wave exploration |
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| CN103149592A (en) * | 2013-03-07 | 2013-06-12 | 天津城市建设学院 | Method for separating variable offset vertical seismic profile (VSP) wave fields |
| US8559270B2 (en) * | 2008-08-15 | 2013-10-15 | Bp Corporation North America Inc. | Method for separating independent simultaneous sources |
| CN104914471A (en) * | 2015-05-25 | 2015-09-16 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Suppressing method suitable for loess plateau out-of-line ground roll wave |
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| CN101581792A (en) * | 2008-05-15 | 2009-11-18 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Method for improving transverse resolution of longitudinal wave exploration |
| US8559270B2 (en) * | 2008-08-15 | 2013-10-15 | Bp Corporation North America Inc. | Method for separating independent simultaneous sources |
| CN102645670A (en) * | 2011-02-22 | 2012-08-22 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Observation system optimization design method based on stack response analysis |
| CN103149592A (en) * | 2013-03-07 | 2013-06-12 | 天津城市建设学院 | Method for separating variable offset vertical seismic profile (VSP) wave fields |
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