CN106404481A - Method for fast selecting ducts from wood pulp - Google Patents
Method for fast selecting ducts from wood pulp Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN106404481A CN106404481A CN201610780535.4A CN201610780535A CN106404481A CN 106404481 A CN106404481 A CN 106404481A CN 201610780535 A CN201610780535 A CN 201610780535A CN 106404481 A CN106404481 A CN 106404481A
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- Prior art keywords
- conduit
- wood pulp
- pick
- quick
- slurry
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- 229920001131 Pulp (paper) Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000004043 dyeing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011121 hardwood Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000006059 cover glass Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005464 sample preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 11
- 241000006109 Eucalyptus delegatensis Species 0.000 description 7
- 241000220479 Acacia Species 0.000 description 5
- 235000010643 Leucaena leucocephala Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 5
- 244000166124 Eucalyptus globulus Species 0.000 description 4
- 206010023126 Jaundice Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 240000006409 Acacia auriculiformis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000219503 Casuarina equisetifolia Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000004692 Eucalyptus globulus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 208000031481 Pathologic Constriction Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920002522 Wood fibre Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004204 blood vessel Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000010218 electron microscopic analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000686 essence Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000877 morphologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004537 pulping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000001215 vagina Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000002025 wood fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/2813—Producing thin layers of samples on a substrate, e.g. smearing, spinning-on
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/30—Staining; Impregnating ; Fixation; Dehydration; Multistep processes for preparing samples of tissue, cell or nucleic acid material and the like for analysis
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N2021/8466—Investigation of vegetal material, e.g. leaves, plants, fruits
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for fast selecting ducts from wood pulp. The method comprises the following steps: (1) wood pulp dispersion, in which a disintegrator is used for disassociation and dispersion to increase the dissociation degree of disintegrated pulp; (2) wood pulp collection, in which the concentration is increased to obtain secondary pulp; (3) wood pulp dyeing, dropwise adding a Herzberg dye to dye the pulp suspension; (4) duct selection, in which the tip end of a fine needle is used to adhere and select dyed ducts in a rectangular shape, and the selected ducts are disposed on a glass slide with the Herzberg dye dropwise added for secondary dyeing; and (5) observation, in which the glass slide in the step (4) is covered with cover glass for observing the shape of ducts. The method is simple to operate and suitable for the wide crowd. Ducts can be fast selected and ducts subjected to secondary dyeing are easy to observe. Therefore, a preferable early-stage sample preparation method is provided for observing and analyzing ducts in the wood pulp.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to pulp technology for making paper, the method for conduit in more particularly, to a kind of quick-pick wood pulp material.
Background technology
Conduit is water conduction tissue (being equivalent to the blood vessel of human body) in broad-leaved wood, is thin by the very big tubulose of diameter
The end wall of born of the same parents is connected.It is present in a large number between the fibrous tissue of broad leaf tree, during trees grow up, play transporting tree
Liquid, is the pivotal role that plant conveys nutrition, and due to special transport function, its diameter is more much bigger than fibre diameter.Conduit divides
The shape of son differs, and different with seeds, common have cydariform, spindle, cylinder and rectangle etc..General ring porous wood earlywood portion
Vessel element mostly is cydariform, and the vessel element of late wood's part mostly is cylindrical and rectangle, and this is the feature comparing evolution.And be in
Fusiform vessel element is then original feature.
Conventional leaf wood slurrying assortment:Eucalyptus (includes tail alpine ash, Eucalyptus eamalducensis Dehnd., lobule eucalyptus globuluss), yearning between lovers (inclusion Acacia mangiumwilld,
Acacia auriculiformis, lobule yearning between lovers, crassicarpa), 100,000 layers, Casuarina equisetifolia L. ... etc..These broad-leaved assortments have leading of oneself uniqueness
Ror molecule.Hardwood pulp slurrying low cost, can improve sheet uniformity and opacity, and to the bulk of paper, soft
Softness and absorbability are all highly beneficial, and leaf wood is made up of parenchyma cells such as conduit and the wood fiber, and in wood pulp material, conduit contains
Amount is often higher, and the intensity of conduit is less than fiber, if the quantity of conduit is more, the intensity being formed will reduce, therefore
Can there is surface strength problem, leaflet white point problem in the paper product that the high wood pulp material of conduit content is made.After paper pulp made by timber,
Its conduit form is substantially unchanged, how the conduit in separating, selecting hardwood pulp, domestic at present no concrete grammar research, utilizes
In wood pulp, conduit speculates pulping raw material so that the quality of papermaking has certain lifting.Chinese patent CN201420579373.4 is open
The detection means of conduit content in leaf wood slurry, quality that this detection means can accurately measure leaf wood slurry is given
Accurately assess.But this detection means is directly to use electron-microscopic analysis using after slurry dispersion, and slurry with microscope is
At one piece it is not easy to see the surface character of conduit clearly, do not determine belonged to which kind of seeds yet.It is thus desirable to a kind of quick-pick
The method of conduit in wood pulp material, convenient follow-up further observation conduit, can clearly see conduit external appearance characteristic, different conduits clearly
External appearance characteristic is different, and the impact for inferring conduit seeds source and analysis conduit provides early stage sampling method so that wood pulp material
The paper product quality made gets a promotion.
Content of the invention
In view of this, the invention provides in a kind of quick-pick wood pulp material conduit method, solve and can not separately choose
Select the problem of conduit, there is provided a kind of early stage is for the method for sample.
The technological means that the present invention adopts are as follows:In a kind of quick-pick wood pulp material, the method for conduit, comprises the following steps:
(1) wood pulp dispersion:Measure hardwood pulp and be placed in and discongest in device, add water, dissociation disperses to obtain first time slurry;
(2) wood pulp is collected:First time addition in pulp is filtered, obtains second slurry;
(3) wood pulp dyeing:Take second slurry, be placed on glass surface ware, the conspicuous Albert'stain Albert agent of Deca is dyeed, and places
Pulp suspension is made to dye;
(4) conduit is selected:Select the conduit of rectangular outward appearance after dyeing with the most advanced and sophisticated adhesion of fine needle, be placed in Deca He Shi dye
Secondary dyeing on the microscope slide of toner.
(5) observe:Microscope slide covered is observed.
Preferably, the hardwood pulp measuring 8g~15g in described step (1) is placed in and discongests in device, adds 1.5L~2.5L
Water, dissociation disperses to obtain first time slurry.
Preferably, the rotating speed discongesting device described in described step (1) is:10000~30000r/min.
Preferably, in described step (2), first time slurry is crossed screening on 300~350 eye mesh screens.
Preferably, in described step (2), the concentration of second slurry is 8%~12%.
Preferably, in described step (3), the taken amount of second slurry is 0.5g~1.5g.
Preferably, after the conspicuous Albert'stain Albert agent of Deca 5~10mL is dyeed in described step (3), place 2~5min, make to hang
Supernatant liquid dyes.
Preferably, the conduit of rectangular outward appearance after dyeing is selected in described step (4) with the most advanced and sophisticated adhesion of fine needle.
Preferably, utilize the form of micro- sem observation conduit in described step (5).
Using the method for conduit in a kind of quick-pick wood pulp material provided by the present invention, the present invention is simple to operate, separates
Conduit form afterwards preserves completely, and catheter surface pit etc. is clear, when subsequently checking using microscope, can clearly differentiate conduit
Mode of appearance, and operation equipment and personnel requirement relatively low, easy to operate, and can determine whether conduit seeds originate, be conduit observe
Analysis provides a kind of preferable early stage sampling method.
Brief description
Fig. 1 is the characteristic pattern in 100 times of microscope for the tail alpine ash conduit of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the characteristic pattern in 400 times of microscope for the tail alpine ash conduit of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the local feature figure in 400 times of microscope for the tail alpine ash conduit of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the characteristic pattern in 100 times of microscope for the 100000 layers of conduit of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the characteristic pattern in 400 times of microscope for the 100000 layers of conduit of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the characteristic pattern in 100 times of microscope for the Acacia mangiumwilld conduit of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is the characteristic pattern in 400 times of microscope for the Acacia mangiumwilld conduit of the present invention;
Fig. 8 is the characteristic pattern in 100 times of microscope for the jaundice wood vessel of the present invention;
Fig. 9 is the characteristic pattern in 400 times of microscope for the jaundice wood vessel of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Hereinafter the principle and feature of the present invention is described, example is served only for explaining the present invention, is not intended to limit
Determine the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
In a kind of quick-pick wood pulp material, the method for conduit, comprises the following steps:
(1) wood pulp dispersion:The hardwood pulp measuring 8g is placed in and discongests in device, described discongest device rotating speed be:10000~
30000r/min.Add the water of 1.5L, dissociation disperses to obtain first time slurry.
(2) wood pulp is collected:First time slurry is crossed screening and filtering on 300~350 eye mesh screens, obtain that concentration is 8% second
Secondary slurry.
(3) wood pulp dyeing:Take second slurry of 0.5g, be placed on glass surface ware, the conspicuous Albert'stain Albert agent of Deca 5mL is entered
Row dyeing, after jiggling, places 2min, so that pulp suspension is dyeed.
(4) conduit is selected:Select the conduit of rectangular outward appearance after dyeing with the most advanced and sophisticated adhesion of fine needle, be placed in Deca 1~2
On the microscope slide of conspicuous Albert'stain Albert agent, form secondary dyeing.
(5) observe:By the microscope slide covered of step (4), utilize microscope for observing the form of conduit.
Fig. 1 is the conduit of the tail alpine ash after the secondary dyeing of 100 times of observations of microscope, and conduit is from tail alpine ash wood pulp liquid
Detached state, afterbody is ligule and thin and sharp.Fig. 2 is 400 times of observations of microscope, and wall is covered with pit, and pit arrangement does not have
Regular.Fig. 3 is the partial enlarged drawing of 400 times of microscope, and the pit of conduit and xylem ray intersection area is circle, and compared with pit
Bigger.Its morphological characteristic is as one of the criterion of later stage tail alpine ash seeds.
Because conduit and paper pulp fiber outward appearance have larger difference, conduit assumes rectangular-shaped outward appearance, and fiber presents outside pencil
See, after dyeing, both differences become apparent from, with fine needle, conduit is adhered to one by one under naked eyes and choose.During adhesion by fine needle point gently
Touching conduit, conduit is adsorbed to needle point, and then by the conspicuous Albert'stain Albert agent in needle placement to microscope slide, conduit falls to load glass
In conspicuous Albert'stain Albert agent on piece, make the secondary dyeing of conduit, so that later observation, the conspicuous Albert'stain Albert agent of every drop about can place 20~30
Individual conduit, finally gently covers, with coverslip, the drop being placed with conduit, using absorbent cloth by He Shi unnecessary for coverslip periphery
Stain is absorbed, and examines under a microscope form.
Embodiment 2
In a kind of quick-pick wood pulp material, the method for conduit, comprises the following steps:
(1) wood pulp dispersion:The hardwood pulp measuring 15g is placed in and discongests in device, described discongest device rotating speed be:10000~
30000r/min.Add the water of 2.5L, dissociation disperses to obtain first time slurry.
(2) wood pulp is collected:First time slurry is crossed screening and filtering on 350 eye mesh screens, obtains second slurry that concentration is 12%
Material.
(3) wood pulp dyeing:Take second slurry of 1.5g, be placed on glass surface ware, the conspicuous Albert'stain Albert agent of Deca 10mL
Dyeed, after jiggling, placed 5min, so that pulp suspension is dyeed.
(4) conduit is selected:Select the conduit of rectangular outward appearance after dyeing with the most advanced and sophisticated adhesion of fine needle, be placed in Deca 1~2
On the microscope slide of conspicuous Albert'stain Albert agent, form secondary dyeing.
(5) observe:By the microscope slide covered of step (4), utilize microscope for observing the form of conduit.
Fig. 4 is by observing 100,000 layers of conduit under 100 times of microscope, and afterbody is ligule, and elongated compared with Eucalyptus, pit is covered with
Catheter wall.Fig. 5 is 100,000 layers of conduit under 400 times of microscope is observed, and its pit state and its feature are as 100,000 layers of later stage
One of standard of perfection of seeds.
Embodiment 3
In a kind of quick-pick wood pulp material, the method for conduit, comprises the following steps:
(1) wood pulp dispersion:The hardwood pulp measuring 10g is placed in and discongests in device, described discongest device rotating speed be:10000~
30000r/min.Add the water of 2.0L, dissociation disperses to obtain first time slurry.
(2) wood pulp is collected:First time slurry is crossed screening and filtering on 325 eye mesh screens, obtains second slurry that concentration is 10%
Material.
(3) wood pulp dyeing:Take second slurry of 1.0g, be placed on glass surface ware, the conspicuous Albert'stain Albert agent of Deca 7mL is entered
Row dyeing, after jiggling, places 3min, so that pulp suspension is dyeed.
(4) conduit is selected:Select the conduit of rectangular outward appearance after dyeing with the most advanced and sophisticated adhesion of fine needle, be placed in Deca 1 conspicuous
On the microscope slide of Albert'stain Albert agent, form secondary dyeing.
(5) observe:By the microscope slide covered of step (4), utilize microscope for observing the form of conduit.
Fig. 6 is the conduit by 100 times of microscope observation Acacia mangiumwilld, and afterbody one end is more blunt, and pit is in cluster shape, long to
Axially arrange along conduit.Fig. 7 is the characteristic pattern of 400 times of microscope, and its pit state and its feature are as later stage Acacia mangiumwilld tree
One of criterion planted.
Embodiment 4
In a kind of quick-pick wood pulp material, the method for conduit, comprises the following steps:
(1) wood pulp dispersion:The hardwood pulp measuring 12g is placed in and discongests in device, described discongest device rotating speed be:10000~
30000r/min.Add the water of 2L, dissociation disperses to obtain first time slurry.
(2) wood pulp is collected:First time slurry is crossed screening and filtering on 320 eye mesh screens, obtains second slurry that concentration is 12%
Material.
(3) wood pulp dyeing:Take second slurry of 1.2g, be placed on glass surface ware, the conspicuous Albert'stain Albert agent of Deca 8mL is entered
Row dyeing, after jiggling, places 4min, so that pulp suspension is dyeed.
(4) conduit is selected:Select the conduit of rectangular outward appearance after dyeing with the most advanced and sophisticated adhesion of fine needle, be placed in Deca 2 conspicuous
On the microscope slide of Albert'stain Albert agent, form secondary dyeing.
(5) observe:By the microscope slide covered of step (4), utilize microscope for observing the form of conduit.
Fig. 8 is the conduit by 100 times of observation jaundice wood of microscope, and afterbody is ligule, and queue pitting is divided in field word
Cloth.Fig. 9 is the characteristic pattern of 400 times of microscope, and its pit state is as one of the criterion of later stage jaundice wood species.
The producer wherein discongesting device is L&W, model SE003.Assume rectangular appearance after conduit dyeing, and fiber assumes bundle
Shape outward appearance, during adhesion, conduit is gently touched at visually observed fine needle tip, and conduit can be adsorbed on needle point.
In sum, using the method for conduit in a kind of quick-pick wood pulp material provided by the present invention, the present invention operates
Simply, this kind of method can quick-pick separation hardwood pulp conduit, the conduit form after separating preserves complete, catheter surface stricture of vagina
Hole etc. is clear, when subsequently checking, can clearly differentiate the mode of appearance of conduit using microscope, and operation equipment and personnel requirement phase
To relatively low, easy to operate, and can determine whether that conduit seeds are originated, provide a kind of preferable early stage sampling method for conduit observation analysis.
The foregoing is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, all essences in the present invention
Within god and principle, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvement done etc., should be included within the scope of protection of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. in a kind of quick-pick wood pulp material the method for conduit it is characterised in that comprising the following steps:
(1) wood pulp dispersion:Measure hardwood pulp and be placed in and discongest in device, add water, dissociation disperses to obtain first time slurry;
(2) wood pulp is collected:First time addition in pulp is filtered, obtains second slurry;
(3) wood pulp dyeing:Take second slurry, be placed on glass surface ware, the conspicuous Albert'stain Albert agent of Deca is dyeed, and placing makes paper
Mass suspension dyes;
(4) conduit is selected:Select the conduit of rectangular outward appearance after dyeing with the most advanced and sophisticated adhesion of fine needle, be placed in the conspicuous Albert'stain Albert agent of Deca
Microscope slide on secondary dyeing.
(5) observe:Microscope slide covered is observed.
2. in a kind of quick-pick wood pulp material according to claim 1 the method for conduit it is characterised in that described step
(1) hardwood pulp measuring 8g~15g in is placed in and discongests in device, adds 1.5L~2.5L water, and dissociation disperses to obtain first time slurry.
3. in a kind of quick-pick wood pulp material according to claim 1 the method for conduit it is characterised in that described step
(1) rotating speed discongesting device described in is:10000~30000r/min.
4. in a kind of quick-pick wood pulp material according to claim 1 the method for conduit it is characterised in that described step
(2) in, first time slurry is crossed screening on 300~350 eye mesh screens.
5. in a kind of quick-pick wood pulp material according to claim 1 the method for conduit it is characterised in that described step
(2) in, the concentration of second slurry is 8%~12%.
6. in a kind of quick-pick wood pulp material according to claim 1 the method for conduit it is characterised in that described step
(3) in, the taken amount of second slurry is 0.5g~1.5g.
7. in a kind of quick-pick wood pulp material according to claim 1 the method for conduit it is characterised in that described step
(3) after the conspicuous Albert'stain Albert agent of Deca 5~10mL is dyeed in, place 2~5min, so that suspension is dyeed.
8. in a kind of quick-pick wood pulp material according to claim 1 the method for conduit it is characterised in that described step
(4) conduit of rectangular outward appearance after dyeing is selected in the most advanced and sophisticated adhesion of fine needle.
9. in a kind of quick-pick wood pulp material according to claim 1 the method for conduit it is characterised in that described step
(5) utilize the form of micro- sem observation conduit in.
Priority Applications (1)
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CN201610780535.4A CN106404481A (en) | 2016-08-31 | 2016-08-31 | Method for fast selecting ducts from wood pulp |
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CN201610780535.4A CN106404481A (en) | 2016-08-31 | 2016-08-31 | Method for fast selecting ducts from wood pulp |
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Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FI124516B (en) * | 2012-05-25 | 2014-09-30 | Kemira Oyj | Method for analyzing a sample in a liquid stream containing solids, a system for measuring sample suspensions containing solids of various sizes, and their use for monitoring or controlling industrial processes |
CN204128877U (en) * | 2014-10-09 | 2015-01-28 | 芬欧汇川(中国)有限公司 | The pick-up unit of conduit content in leaf wood slurry |
CN104713828A (en) * | 2015-03-09 | 2015-06-17 | 陕西科技大学 | Method for identifying paper pulp types |
-
2016
- 2016-08-31 CN CN201610780535.4A patent/CN106404481A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FI124516B (en) * | 2012-05-25 | 2014-09-30 | Kemira Oyj | Method for analyzing a sample in a liquid stream containing solids, a system for measuring sample suspensions containing solids of various sizes, and their use for monitoring or controlling industrial processes |
CN204128877U (en) * | 2014-10-09 | 2015-01-28 | 芬欧汇川(中国)有限公司 | The pick-up unit of conduit content in leaf wood slurry |
CN104713828A (en) * | 2015-03-09 | 2015-06-17 | 陕西科技大学 | Method for identifying paper pulp types |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
邱坚等著: "《木材显微技术》", 31 March 2016 * |
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