CN106403803A - Blade tip clearance real-time measurement system and method based on constant voltage alternating current discharge - Google Patents
Blade tip clearance real-time measurement system and method based on constant voltage alternating current discharge Download PDFInfo
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- CN106403803A CN106403803A CN201610704235.8A CN201610704235A CN106403803A CN 106403803 A CN106403803 A CN 106403803A CN 201610704235 A CN201610704235 A CN 201610704235A CN 106403803 A CN106403803 A CN 106403803A
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- tip clearance
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
- G01B7/14—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring distance or clearance between spaced objects or spaced apertures
- G01B7/15—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring distance or clearance between spaced objects or spaced apertures being regularly spaced
Abstract
The invention provides a blade tip clearance real-time measurement system and method based on constant voltage alternating current discharge. The system comprises a high-frequency alternating current discharge voltage source, a negative feedback discharge coupling circuit module, a metal probe, a magnet, a Hall sensor, a current magnitude measurement conversion module, a signal acquisition conversion circuit and a data processing module. A circuit module is connected in series between the voltage source high voltage end and the metal probe. The voltage source cathode is connected with the rotor blade center sequentially through the current magnitude measurement conversion module and another circuit module. One end of the metal probe is flush with the inner wall of a casing, and the other end is exposed to the outside. The current magnitude measurement conversion module is connected with the data processing module. The magnet is located at the off center of a rotation shaft. The Hall sensor is fixed on one side of the rotation shaft. The Hall sensor is connected with the data processing module through the signal acquisition conversion circuit. The data processing module is connected with the voltage source control end. The actual blade tip clearance of each blade can be measured in the measurement range. The system has the advantages of high practicality and easy installation and use.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to impeller clearance fields of measurement, real particularly to a kind of tip clearance based on constant pressure type alternating current discharge
When measuring system and method, the actual tip clearance of each blade can be measured in measurement range.
Background technology
The tip clearance of blade of aviation engine generally refers to the radial clearance between engine rotor blade and casing.Blade tip
Gap be reseach of engine during a basic measurement parameter, meanwhile, be also engine active leaf in operation process
The important component part of intercuspal space control, health control and fault diagnosis etc..
As the important parameter of gas-turbine unit, turbine, the size of compressor blade tip clearance are for engine
Efficiency there is strong influence, when the radial clearance between engine rotor blade tip and casing inwall is excessive, the pressure of compressor
Ratio decline, fuel consumption increases, and the efficiency of engine also can substantially reduce.According to data introduction, tip clearance often increases length of blade
1%, efficiency about reduces by 1.5%, and oil consumption rate about increases by 3%, and oil consumption rate increases by 1%, and life cycle cost can be made to increase by 0.7%.
But tip clearance too small when, expand because blade is heated in high temperature environments, may result in blade tip and casing inwall
Between produce friction, cause the damage of parts, the safety of impact engine.Therefore tip clearance excessive or too small all can to send out
Motivation has adverse effect on, the tip clearance of reasonable design and monitoring engine, has weight for improving engine performance
Want meaning.
In order that tip clearance e measurement technology reaches the level of practicality and high efficiency, this case is proposed a kind of exchange based on constant pressure type and puts
The tip clearance real-time measurement system of electricity and method.
Content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention, is to provide a kind of tip clearance real-time measurement system based on constant pressure type alternating current discharge and side
Method, it can obtain blade situation in real time, measures the actual tip clearance of each blade in measurement range, practical,
Easy to install, simple to operate.
In order to reach above-mentioned purpose, the solution of the present invention is：
A kind of tip clearance real-time measurement system based on constant pressure type alternating current discharge, including high-frequency ac discharge voltage source,
Negative feedback electric discharge termination power module, metal probe, magnet, Hall element, size of current measures conversion module, signal are adopted
Collection change-over circuit data processing module, wherein, connects one between the high-pressure side of high-frequency ac discharge voltage source and metal probe
Individual negative feedback electric discharge termination power module, the negative electrode of high-frequency ac discharge voltage source passes through size of current measures conversion module even
Connect one end of another negative feedback electric discharge termination power module, and the other end of this negative feedback electric discharge termination power module is even
Switch through the center of blades；One end of metal probe and the inwall flush of casing, and the other end is exposed at the outside of casing, and
Metal probe inserts the portion envelops insulating barrier of casing, and metal probe is completely isolated with casing；Size of current measures conversion mould
The output end of block connects the input of data processing module, and magnet is on rotating shaft certain point off-centered, and Hall element
It is fixed on rotating shaft side, and Hall element connects the input of data processing module by signals collecting change-over circuit, and count
Output end according to processing module connects the control end of high-frequency ac discharge voltage source, in order to control high-frequency ac discharge voltage source
Output voltage size and having or not.
Above-mentioned size of current measures conversion module includes detection resistance, voltage sensor and analog-digital converter, wherein, detection
One end of resistance connects the negative electrode of the exchange adjustable excitation of numerical control, and the other end of detection resistance connects another negative feedback electric discharge coupling
Close one end of circuit module, voltage sensor is connected to the two ends of detection resistance, and the output end of described voltage sensor is through modulus
Converter connects the input of data processing module.
Above-mentioned detection resistance selects 50 Ω resistance.
Based on a kind of real-time measurement of the tip clearance real-time measurement system based on constant pressure type alternating current discharge as previously described
When method, electric voltage frequency and output voltage are constant, under high-frequency ac discharge scenario, between rotor blade and metal probe
Gas communication discharges, and measures maximum discharge current, is closed by corresponding between the discharge current demarcated and discharging gap
System, obtains tip clearance size.
The detailed content of above-mentioned method for real-time measurement is：When supply frequency is invariable, data processing module controls high
The constant voltage of frequency alternating current discharge voltage source output amplitude, in engine working process, rotor blade rotation makes itself and metal visit
Gap change between pin, when the distance between a certain rotator tip and the metal probe being fixed on casing inwall little to certain
During particular value, gas therebetween is ionized thus discharging, and discharge current produces therewith, the size of discharge current and leaf
Intercuspal space is directly related；Measurement discharge current, the size of record peak value, simultaneously using Hall element according to discharge current waveform
Rotor blade is entered with line phase positioning, using the corresponding relation between the discharge current demarcated in advance and discharging gap, realizes
The actual tip clearance of each rotor blade is measured in measurement range.
After such scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows：
(1) using Hall element, line phase positioning is entered according to discharge current waveform change to rotor blade, obtain in real time
The situation of leaf position, can measure the actual tip clearance of each rotor blade in measurement range, and measuring method is novel, real
Strong with property；
(2) metal probe small volume, easy to install, original system is no changed；
(3) high-frequency ac electric discharge, negative feedback electric discharge termination power module, improve the stability of a system；
(4) allow not contact measurement；Can work under rugged environment.
Brief description
Fig. 1 is the structural representation installing electric discharge probe, magnet and Hall element on casing；
Fig. 2 is the mplifying structure schematic diagram of circular dashed line frame in Fig. 1；
Fig. 3 is pulse signal and the discharge current waveform schematic diagram of Hall element；
Wherein, (a) represents the pulse signal of Hall element, and (b) represents discharge current waveform；
Fig. 4 is the structure chart of measuring system of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is atmospheric pressure lower prong electric discharge discharge current and spaced relationship curve map.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to accompanying drawing, technical scheme is described in detail.
As shown in figure 4, the present invention provides a kind of tip clearance real-time measurement system based on constant pressure type alternating current discharge, including
High-frequency ac discharge voltage source 1, negative feedback electric discharge termination power module 2, metal probe 3, magnet 6, Hall element 7, inspection
Measuring resistance 9, voltage sensor 10, analog-digital converter 11, signals collecting change-over circuit 12 data processing module 13, separately below
Introduce.
Series negative feedback formula electric discharge termination power mould between the high-pressure side of high-frequency ac discharge voltage source 1 and metal probe 3
Block 2, the negative electrode of high-frequency ac discharge voltage source 1 connects another negative feedback electric discharge termination power module 2 by detection resistance 9
One end, and the discharge other end of termination power module 2 of this negative feedback connects the center of rotor blade 4, and detection resistance 9 is optional
With 50 common Ω resistance；Shown in cooperation Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the inwall flush of one end of metal probe 3 and casing 5, and the other end
It is exposed at the outside of casing 5, and insert the portion envelops insulating barrier 8 of casing 5 in metal probe 3, thus by metal probe 3 and casing
5 is completely isolated；Voltage sensor 10 is connected to the two ends of detection resistance 9, and the output end of described voltage sensor 10 turns through modulus
Parallel operation 11 connects the input of data processing module 13, and magnet 6 is on rotating shaft certain point off-centered, and Hall element 7
It is fixed on rotating shaft side, and Hall element 7 connects the input of data processing module 13 by signals collecting change-over circuit 12,
And the output end of data processing module 13 connects the control end of high-frequency ac discharge voltage source 1, in order to control high-frequency ac to discharge
The output voltage size of voltage source 1 and having or not.
Just several component parts therein are described in detail below.
1st, high-frequency ac discharge voltage source
The present invention is used high-frequency ac discharge voltage source as voltage output source, can export the electricity of constant amplitude and frequency
Pressure, carrying out electric discharge using high-frequency ac discharge voltage source is due under high-frequency ac electric field action, compared with direct-current discharge,
Gas ionization ability is obviously improved, and breakdown voltage substantially reduces, and the gas between rotor blade and metal probe is led simultaneously
Relatively stable electric discharge can be produced in the presence of high frequency, for the stability improving measuring system, reducing interference has when logical
Important effect.
2nd, negative feedback electric discharge termination power module
Plasma discharge is the process of a positive feedback, and after electrode gap voltage reaches gas breakdown voltage, electronics exists
Frequently produce collision phenomenon, i.e. electron avalanche phenomenon in traveling process, number of electrons increases rapidly, discharge current increases, produce
Substantial amounts of charged particle and heat, causing electrode gap resistance to decline, leading to electric current to increase further, thus forming positive feedback
Journey, electric discharge becomes unstable.Connect between metal probe and detection resistance and rotating shaft in high-frequency ac discharge voltage source negative
Reaction type electric discharge termination power module, the electric capacity that negative feedback discharges in termination power module functions as dielectric barrier discharge
In medium, for producing reversed electric field, limit discharge current, the stability of enhanced discharge, the resistance of big resistance then means
Higher negative-feedback.Series negative feedback formula electric discharge termination power module can provide one effectively to control electric discharge evolution
Negative-feedback, stops electric discharge to spark discharge transition, obtains relatively stable electric discharge.
3rd, metal probe
The gas when output voltage of high-frequency ac discharge voltage source is sufficiently large, between high-pressure side metal probe and rotator tip
Body is breakdown to produce electric discharge.In order to prevent electrode erosion, the metal material selecting fusing point high and conducting electricity very well is needed to make high
Pressure side electric discharge probe.Insulating barrier is not only contacted with high-pressure side metal probe, and some is in casing inwall simultaneously, therefore needs
The insulating materials of high temperature high voltage resistant to be used is made.Insulating barrier one side for coated metal probe is prevented from starting
During machine work, metal probe is moved, and is on the other hand then to prevent casing conductive, it is to avoid engine is worked the mischief.
4th, size of current measures conversion module
Size of current measures conversion module is made up of detection resistance, voltage sensor and three parts of analog-digital converter.
Supply frequency and output voltage are a setting steady state value, when a certain rotator tip and the metal probe being fixed on casing inwall
The distance between the little D to certain particular value when, gas therebetween is ionized so as to there is relatively stable electric discharge, puts
Electric current produces therewith, the size of its electric current and tip clearance directly related (D can according to the actual requirements pass through change electric discharge system
The voltage of system parameter and AC power and frequency modification).In the gas-turbine unit course of work, blade rotation makes itself and metal
Gap change between probe, can produce discharge current size and also be continually changing, and voltage sensor passes through to measure in detection resistance
The change of voltage, measures to discharge current indirectly, then through analog-digital converter, the voltage signal receiving is converted into number
Word signal, is passed to data processing module in the form of numerical value and is analyzed processing.
5th, Hall element
Place one block of magnet on rotating shaft certain point off-center, Hall element is fixed on rotating shaft side, hall sensing
Device is connected with data processing module by signals collecting change-over circuit, signals collecting change-over circuit real-time detection Hall element
Status signal, and be converted into data signal and pass to data processing module and be analyzed.When magnet is close to Hall element
When, Hall element produces a corresponding pulse.With rotor rotation, Hall element produces pulse signal again.?
Between two pulses, whenever having the distance between rotor blade and metal probe to be less than D, all can crest in discharge current,
When radial distance between rotor blade and metal probe is more than D, then discharge off produces.Using Hall element according to electric discharge
Line phase positioning is entered in current waveform change to rotor blade, can obtain the situation of rotor blade location in real time.
6th, data processing module
Data processing module can control high-frequency ac discharge voltage source to produce and continue adjustable output frequency and voltage,
So that the actual demand of reply different measuring environment.Under high-frequency ac voltage effect, between rotor blade and metal probe
Gas is switched on and produces relatively stable electric discharge, and discharge current produces therewith.In the gas-turbine unit course of work, rotor leaf
Piece rotation makes itself gap and metal probe between change, can produce discharge current size and also be continually changing, rotor blade with golden
When belonging to the reduction of the distance between probe, discharge current can be gradually increased, and voltage sensor measures the change of detection resistance both end voltage
Change, indirectly measure the size of discharge current, through analog-digital converter, the voltage signal of conversion is sent to data with numeric form
Processing module, generally engine speed all than larger it is therefore desirable to by data processing module sample frequency setting foot
Enough height, to guarantee the precision of gathered data.When magnet is through Hall element, Hall element produces a corresponding pulse
Signal, with rotor rotation, Hall element produces pulse signal again.Between the two pulses, whenever there being rotor blade
During with the distance between metal probe less than D, all can crest, the footpath between rotor blade and metal probe in discharge current
To distance more than D when, then discharge off produce.Using Hall element, phase is carried out to rotor blade according to discharge current waveform change
Position positioning, can obtain the situation of rotor blade location, data processing module records the size of each peak value in time in real time, use
In the actual tip clearance calculating each rotor blade.
Based on above measuring system, the present invention is also provided and a kind of is measured in real time based on the tip clearance of constant pressure type alternating current discharge
Method, including following content：
(1) when supply frequency is invariable, data processing module controls high-frequency ac discharge voltage source output amplitude permanent
Fixed voltage, when the distance between a certain rotator tip and the metal probe being fixed on casing inwall little to certain particular value D
When, gas therebetween is ionized so as to there is relatively stable electric discharge, and discharge current produces therewith, its electric current big
Little and tip clearance directly related (D can pass through according to the actual requirements to change discharge system parameter and AC power voltage and
Frequency modification)；
(2), in the gas-turbine unit course of work, rotor blade rotation makes itself gap and metal probe between change,
Produce the discharge current that size is continually changing, with the reduction of distance between rotor blade and metal probe, discharge current presents
Enlarging state, voltage sensor measures the voltage change in detection resistance, indirectly loop discharge current is measured, Jing Guomo
Number converter, the voltage signal measuring is converted to data signal, is sent to data processing module and carries out in the form of numerical value
Analysis and process, the precision for guaranteeing gathered data is sufficiently high, needs for the sample frequency of data processing module to be set as one
Larger value.When magnet is through Hall element, Hall element can produce a corresponding pulse signal, and signals collecting turns
Change the state change of circuit real-time detection Hall element, and the level signal collecting is converted into data signal and pass to number
It is analyzed according to acquisition module.With rotor rotation, Hall element produces pulse signal, between the two pulses, often again
When having the distance between rotor blade and metal probe to be less than D, all can crest in discharge current, when rotor blade and metal
When radial distance between probe is more than D, then discharge off produces, and can coordinate shown in Fig. 3.Using Hall element according to electric discharge electricity
Line phase positioning is entered in stream waveform change to rotor blade, obtains the situation of rotor blade location in real time, data processing module is timely
Record the size of each peak value, using the corresponding relation between the discharge current demarcated in advance and discharging gap, you can real
Measure now the actual tip clearance of each rotor blade in measurement range.
Can verify between discharging gap and discharge current, there is corresponding relation in the way of using point discharge.Handing over first
Connect between the stream voltage source high-pressure side metal probe good with electric conductivity and discharged by the negative feedback that coupling resistance electric capacity forms
Termination power module, earthing pole connects metal probe again by negative feedback electric discharge termination power module.Due to engine leaf
Intercuspal space, probably between 0mm-5mm, in the case that supply frequency and output voltage are constant, is discharged using oscillograph recording
In 10 groups of discharging gap corresponding loop discharge currents of 0mm-5mm, detection resistance resistance is 50 Ω, is detected by measurement in gap
Resistive voltage measures discharge current indirectly.One group of relation curve between discharge current and discharging distance finally can be demarcated, bent
Line chart is as shown in Figure 5.Result shows that discharge current and discharging distance have corresponding relation, with the reduction of spacing, discharge current
It is gradually increased, measuring method has feasibility, only need to demarcate the relation curve of one group of similar Fig. 5, you can by measuring engine
Discharge current during work, measures the actual tip clearance of each rotor blade in measurement range in real time.
Above example technological thought only to illustrate the invention is it is impossible to limit protection scope of the present invention with this, every
According to technological thought proposed by the present invention, any change done on the basis of technical scheme, each fall within the scope of the present invention
Within.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of tip clearance real-time measurement system based on constant pressure type alternating current discharge it is characterised in that：Put including high-frequency ac
Piezoelectric voltage source, negative feedback electric discharge termination power module, metal probe, magnet, Hall element, size of current measures conversion mould
Block, signals collecting change-over circuit data processing module, wherein, the high-pressure side of high-frequency ac discharge voltage source and metal probe it
Between one negative feedback of series connection discharge termination power module, the negative electrode of high-frequency ac discharge voltage source passes through size of current measurement turn
Die change block connects another negative feedback and discharges one end of termination power module, and this negative feedback discharges termination power module
The other end connects the center of rotor blade；One end of metal probe and the inwall flush of casing, and the other end is exposed at casing
Outside, and the portion envelops insulating barrier of casing is inserted in metal probe, metal probe is completely isolated with casing；Size of current is surveyed
The output end of amount modular converter connects the input of data processing module, magnet on rotating shaft certain point off-centered, and suddenly
Your sensor is fixed on rotating shaft side, and Hall element connects the input of data processing module by signals collecting change-over circuit
End, and the output end of data processing module connects the control end of high-frequency ac discharge voltage source, in order to control high-frequency ac to discharge
The output voltage size of voltage source and having or not.
2. a kind of tip clearance real-time measurement system based on constant pressure type alternating current discharge as claimed in claim 1, its feature exists
In：Described size of current measures conversion module includes detection resistance, voltage sensor and analog-digital converter, wherein, detection resistance
One end connect the negative electrode of the exchange adjustable excitation of numerical control, the other end of detection resistance connects another negative feedback electric discharge coupling electricity
One end of road module, voltage sensor is connected to the two ends of detection resistance, and the output end of described voltage sensor is through analog-to-digital conversion
Device connects the input of data processing module.
3. a kind of tip clearance real-time measurement system based on constant pressure type alternating current discharge as claimed in claim 2, its feature exists
In：Described detection resistance selects 50 Ω resistance.
4. real-time based on a kind of tip clearance real-time measurement system based on constant pressure type alternating current discharge as claimed in claim 1
Measuring method it is characterised in that：When electric voltage frequency and output voltage are constant, under high-frequency ac discharge scenario, rotor blade
Gas communication and metal probe between discharges, and measures maximum discharge current, by the discharge current demarcated and electric discharge
Corresponding relation between gap, obtains tip clearance size.
5. a kind of tip clearance method for real-time measurement based on constant pressure type alternating current discharge as claimed in claim 4, its feature exists
In：The detailed content of described method for real-time measurement is：When supply frequency is invariable, data processing module controls high-frequency ac
The constant voltage of discharge voltage source output amplitude, in engine working process, rotor blade rotation makes it and metal probe between
Gap change, when the distance between a certain rotator tip and the metal probe being fixed on casing inwall little to certain particular value
When, gas therebetween is ionized thus discharging, and discharge current produces therewith, the size of discharge current and tip clearance
Directly related；Measurement discharge current, record peak value size, simultaneously using Hall element according to discharge current waveform to rotor
Blade enters line phase positioning, using the corresponding relation between the discharge current demarcated in advance and discharging gap, realizes in measurement
In the range of measure the actual tip clearance of each rotor blade.
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Cited By (7)
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| WO2018197086A1 (en) * | 2017-04-28 | 2018-11-01 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Rubbing detection method |
| CN109373942A (en) * | 2018-10-12 | 2019-02-22 | 北京理工大学 | A kind of phase acquisition methods in tip clearance measuring system based on Vivado HLS |
| CN110006324A (en) * | 2019-05-14 | 2019-07-12 | 桂林电子科技大学 | The detection method and device of ring moulds die hole parameter |
| CN110672055A (en) * | 2018-07-03 | 2020-01-10 | 通用电气公司 | System and method for measuring blade clearance in a turbine engine |
| CN111006873A (en) * | 2019-12-05 | 2020-04-14 | 中国航发四川燃气涡轮研究院 | Method and device for acquiring peak value in blade tip clearance signal processing process |
| CN112129213A (en) * | 2020-10-26 | 2020-12-25 | 南京航空航天大学 | Blade tip clearance measuring system and method based on pulse dielectric barrier discharge |
| CN112254631A (en) * | 2020-09-15 | 2021-01-22 | 郑州磨料磨具磨削研究所有限公司 | Method and instrument for detecting flatness of workpiece with conductive property |
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| WO2018197086A1 (en) * | 2017-04-28 | 2018-11-01 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Rubbing detection method |
| CN110672055A (en) * | 2018-07-03 | 2020-01-10 | 通用电气公司 | System and method for measuring blade clearance in a turbine engine |
| CN110672055B (en) * | 2018-07-03 | 2022-03-08 | 通用电气公司 | System and method for measuring blade clearance in a turbine engine |
| CN109373942A (en) * | 2018-10-12 | 2019-02-22 | 北京理工大学 | A kind of phase acquisition methods in tip clearance measuring system based on Vivado HLS |
| CN110006324A (en) * | 2019-05-14 | 2019-07-12 | 桂林电子科技大学 | The detection method and device of ring moulds die hole parameter |
| CN110006324B (en) * | 2019-05-14 | 2023-12-15 | 桂林电子科技大学 | Method and device for detecting parameters of ring die holes |
| CN111006873A (en) * | 2019-12-05 | 2020-04-14 | 中国航发四川燃气涡轮研究院 | Method and device for acquiring peak value in blade tip clearance signal processing process |
| CN111006873B (en) * | 2019-12-05 | 2022-02-01 | 中国航发四川燃气涡轮研究院 | Method and device for acquiring peak value in blade tip clearance signal processing process |
| CN112254631A (en) * | 2020-09-15 | 2021-01-22 | 郑州磨料磨具磨削研究所有限公司 | Method and instrument for detecting flatness of workpiece with conductive property |
| CN112254631B (en) * | 2020-09-15 | 2022-04-12 | 郑州磨料磨具磨削研究所有限公司 | Method and instrument for detecting flatness of workpiece with conductive property |
| CN112129213A (en) * | 2020-10-26 | 2020-12-25 | 南京航空航天大学 | Blade tip clearance measuring system and method based on pulse dielectric barrier discharge |
| CN112129213B (en) * | 2020-10-26 | 2021-07-27 | 南京航空航天大学 | Blade tip clearance measuring system and method based on pulse dielectric barrier discharge |
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