CN106402190A - 用于制造同步环的方法 - Google Patents

用于制造同步环的方法 Download PDF

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CN106402190A
CN106402190A CN201610494473.0A CN201610494473A CN106402190A CN 106402190 A CN106402190 A CN 106402190A CN 201610494473 A CN201610494473 A CN 201610494473A CN 106402190 A CN106402190 A CN 106402190A
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S·拉姆
K·埃德曼
M·德恩赫费尔
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Diehl Metall Stiftung and Co KG
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D23/00Details of mechanically-actuated clutches not specific for one distinct type
    • F16D23/02Arrangements for synchronisation, also for power-operated clutches
    • F16D23/025Synchro rings
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/12Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by using adhesives
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D23/00Details of mechanically-actuated clutches not specific for one distinct type
    • F16D23/02Arrangements for synchronisation, also for power-operated clutches
    • F16D23/04Arrangements for synchronisation, also for power-operated clutches with an additional friction clutch
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/0006Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring taking account of the properties of the material involved
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/14Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D69/00Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D69/00Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
    • F16D69/02Composition of linings ; Methods of manufacturing
    • F16D69/025Compositions based on an organic binder
    • F16D69/026Compositions based on an organic binder containing fibres
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2310/00Treatment by energy or chemical effects
    • B32B2310/08Treatment by energy or chemical effects by wave energy or particle radiation
    • B32B2310/0806Treatment by energy or chemical effects by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation
    • B32B2310/0825Treatment by energy or chemical effects by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation using IR radiation
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2310/00Treatment by energy or chemical effects
    • B32B2310/08Treatment by energy or chemical effects by wave energy or particle radiation
    • B32B2310/0806Treatment by energy or chemical effects by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation
    • B32B2310/0843Treatment by energy or chemical effects by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation using laser
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2200/00Materials; Production methods therefor
    • F16D2200/0078Materials; Production methods therefor laminated
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2200/00Materials; Production methods therefor
    • F16D2200/0082Production methods therefor
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2250/00Manufacturing; Assembly
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2250/00Manufacturing; Assembly
    • F16D2250/0061Joining
    • F16D2250/0069Adhesive bonding
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2300/00Special features for couplings or clutches
    • F16D2300/12Mounting or assembling

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Mechanical Operated Clutches (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Motors, Generators (AREA)
  • Motor Or Generator Frames (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于制造同步环的方法,包括以下步骤:提供由金属制成的环本体(1),其具有锥形连接面(2),提供摩擦环(3),其对应于连接面(2),由粘合有树脂的碳纤维复合材料制成,将摩擦环(3)粘连到连接面(2)之上,其特征在于以下步骤:仅热解摩擦环(3)的外层(4),该外层(4)远离连接面(2)。

Description

用于制造同步环的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及用于制造根据专利的权利要求1的同步环的方法。
背景技术
从DE 103 34 895 B3知晓这种方法。在已知的方法中,在1100℃下在惰性气体气氛中将由复合材料制成的摩擦环热解,使得相当大部分的树脂转化成气氛碳。然后,以此种方法处理的摩擦环再次用树脂浸泡并重复热解。然后,通过用树脂浸泡来固定在热解过程中产生的碳纤维和碳。在进一步的制造步骤中,压制该摩擦环。最后,以将以这种方法生产的摩擦环粘连到环本体的连接面。
已知的方法需要相对大量的制造步骤,且是复杂的。
发明内容
本发明的目的是消除现有技术的缺陷。本发明特别是提供一种用于生产具有改善的摩擦性能的同步环的方法,该方法以尽可能容易和成本有效的方式实施。
通过专利权利要求1的特征实现这一目的。由从属权利要求的特征明了本发明的有利实施方案。
根据本发明,仅热解摩擦环的外层,该外层远离连接面。以这种方式生产的外层具有非凡的摩擦性能,特别是湿摩擦性能。通过根据本发明的方法生产的同步环的独特之处在于低度磨损。由于仅热解所述摩擦环的外层,因此在从连接面延伸到外层的摩擦环的内层区域中保持了复合材料的原始复合结构。内层保证了摩擦环特别牢固地接合到环本体,且还保证了与外层的固定连接。所提出的方法需要极少的生产步骤。可以以容易和成本有效的方式进行该方法。
环本体的“锥形连接面”可以是环本体的内圆周面或外圆周面。锥形连接面的倾斜典型为8°。将摩擦环粘连到连接面之上的步骤可以在热解步骤之前或之后进行。有利地,将摩擦环在粘连到连接面之上的步骤之后进行热解。
根据一种有利的实施方案,酚树脂或环氧树脂用作所述树脂。有利地,碳纤维形成碳纤维织物。由用酚树脂结合的碳纤维织物制成的摩擦环的独特之处在于特别高的耐磨性。
根据本发明的进一步实施方案,摩擦环的第一厚度D1为0.2-1.5mm,优选0.3mm-0.6mm。有利地,由热解形成的外层具有20μm-500μm,优选40μm-350μm,特别优选100μm-200μm的第二厚度D2。有利地,从连接面延伸至外层的摩擦环内层具有100μm-500μm,优选250-350μm的第三厚度D3。有利地,对于第三厚度D3与第二厚度D2之比是这样的:
D3/D2=c,其中c是0.5-3.0的数值,优选1.7-2.2。
也就是说,内层有利地是外层厚度的约2倍厚。以这种方式制成的同步环的独特之处在于非凡的湿摩擦性能。
根据本发明的有利实施方案,在至少600℃,优选700-1500℃的温度下热解该外层。因此在外层区域产生复合材料,该复合材料的基体由碳构成,且用碳纤维增强。随着热解温度升高,在外层中的树脂份数增大,其完全转化成碳。有利地,可将外层中的树脂仅部分转化成碳。在外层中,完全转化成碳的树脂的份数有利地为40-90%。
在保护性气体气氛下,优选在N2或Ar气氛下,有利地进行该热解。在保护性气体气氛下进行热解阻碍了外层区域中的不可控的燃烧。
根据其他的有利实施方案,通过激光器、红外辐射器或通过与热金属体接触进行热解。此外,可以通过施加热保护气体或还原火焰进行该热解。特别有利地,使用激光器进行该热解,因为它由此可实现特别良好的可复制效果。
有利地,从以下材料之一制得环本体:黄铜、钢、烧结钢、黄铜-钢复合材料。
以下,基于实施例且结合附图更详细说明本发明。
附图说明
图1显示了穿过同步环的径向截面。
具体实施方式
为了制造同步环,使用由黄铜制成的环本体,该环本体在其内圆周上具有锥形连接面。然后,通过酚树脂将摩擦环粘连到连接面之上,所述摩擦环由复合材料形成,该复合材料由浸有酚树脂或另外耐温度性的粘结剂的碳纤维织物制得。摩擦环具有例如0.4-0.5mm的第一厚度D1。以后,通过激光器热解与连接面相对的摩擦环外层。为此目的,可旋转环,并同时在外层上用激光辐射。例如,激光器可以是CO2激光器、纤维激光器、Nd:YAG激光器等。激光器可以具有在2kW范围中的激光能功率。
以生产第二厚度D2为0.1-0.2mm的外层的方式选择激光器功率和处理时间段。
附图显示了穿过同步环的径向截面。例如,由黄铜制成的环本体1在其内圆周上具有锥形面2。将由附图标记3表示的摩擦环粘连到锥形连接面2之上。热解所述摩擦环3的外层4。其基本由碳纤维织物和并入其中的碳构成,后者例如由石墨或炭黑形成。附图标记5表示摩擦环3的内层。内层由浸有酚树脂的碳纤维织物形成。有利地,通过酚树脂将摩擦环3粘连到连接面2之上。
附图标记
1 环本体
2 连接面
3 摩擦环
4 外层
5 内层
D1 第一厚度
D2 第二厚度
D3 第三厚度

Claims (12)

1.用于制造同步环的方法,包括以下步骤:
提供由金属制成的环本体(1),其具有锥形连接面(2),
提供摩擦环(3),其对应于连接面(2),由粘合有树脂的碳纤维复合材料制成,
将摩擦环(3)粘连到连接面(2)之上,
其特征在于以下步骤:
仅热解摩擦环(3)的外层(4),该外层(4)远离连接面(2)。
2.根据权利要求1的方法,其中该树脂是酚树脂或环氧树脂。
3.根据任一之前权利要求的方法,其中该碳纤维形成碳纤维织物。
4.根据任一之前权利要求的方法,其中该摩擦环(3)的第一厚度(D1)为0.2-1.5mm,优选0.3-0.6mm。
5.根据任一之前权利要求的方法,其中由热解形成的外层(4)具有20μm-500μm,优选40μm-350μm,特别优选100μm-200μm的第二厚度(D2)。
6.根据任一之前权利要求的方法,其中从连接面(2)延伸至外层(4)的摩擦环(3)的内层(5)具有在100μm-500μm,优选250μm-350μm范围内的第三厚度(D3)。
7.根据任一之前权利要求的方法,其中对于第三厚度(D3)与第二厚度(D2)之比是这样的:
D3/D2=c,其中c是0.5-3.0的数值,优选1.7-2.2。
8.根据任一之前权利要求的方法,其中在至少600℃,优选700-1500℃的温度下热解该外层(4)。
9.根据任一之前权利要求的方法,其中在保护性气体气氛,优选在N2或Ar气氛下进行该热解。
10.根据任一之前权利要求的方法,其中通过激光器、IR辐射器或通过与热金属体接触进行该热解。
11.根据任一之前权利要求的方法,其中通过施加热保护气体或还原火焰进行该热解。
12.根据任一之前权利要求的方法,其中由以下材料之一制得环本体(1):黄铜、钢、烧结钢、黄铜-钢复合材料。
CN201610494473.0A 2015-07-30 2016-06-29 用于制造同步环的方法 Pending CN106402190A (zh)

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DE102015009706.7A DE102015009706A1 (de) 2015-07-30 2015-07-30 Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Synchronrings
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CN108480645A (zh) * 2018-02-07 2018-09-04 东风商用车有限公司 一种汽车同步环材料及其制备方法
CN110325756A (zh) * 2017-03-16 2019-10-11 舍弗勒技术股份两合公司 具有增加的压力循环寿命的湿摩擦材料

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US5091041A (en) * 1989-03-22 1992-02-25 Eaton Corporation Bonding apparatus for bonding friction material
EP0887572A1 (de) * 1997-06-28 1998-12-30 Daimler-Benz Aktiengesellschaft Bremseinheit aus Bremsscheibe und Bremsbelag
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DE102006042442A1 (de) * 2006-09-09 2008-03-27 Daimler Ag Synchronring mit einem faserverstärkten organischen Reibbelag und Herstellungsverfahren
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CN110325756A (zh) * 2017-03-16 2019-10-11 舍弗勒技术股份两合公司 具有增加的压力循环寿命的湿摩擦材料
CN108480645A (zh) * 2018-02-07 2018-09-04 东风商用车有限公司 一种汽车同步环材料及其制备方法

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