CN106400668A - Combined shear connector for corrugated steel web and corrugated steel base plate and construction method - Google Patents
Combined shear connector for corrugated steel web and corrugated steel base plate and construction method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106400668A CN106400668A CN201611096419.7A CN201611096419A CN106400668A CN 106400668 A CN106400668 A CN 106400668A CN 201611096419 A CN201611096419 A CN 201611096419A CN 106400668 A CN106400668 A CN 106400668A
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- plate
- steel
- steel plate
- webplate
- wavelike
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
- E01D2/00—Bridges characterised by the cross-section of their bearing spanning structure
- E01D2/04—Bridges characterised by the cross-section of their bearing spanning structure of the box-girder type
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
- E01D21/00—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for erecting or assembling bridges
Abstract
The invention discloses a combined shear connector for a corrugated steel web and a corrugated steel base plate and a construction method. The shear connector comprises the corrugated steel web, a lower flange steel plate, a web perforated steel plate, a flange plate strip-shaped perforated steel plate and shear connector construction steel bars. The corrugated steel web, the lower flange steel plate, the web perforated steel plate and the flange plate strip-shaped perforated steel plate are integrally connected through welding, and the shear connector construction steel bars penetrate through holes of the web and the flange plate strip-shaped perforated steel plate and are welded to shear connector longitudinal construction steel bars to form a steel bar skeleton. By adopting the shear connector, the problems that a traditional embedded shear connector is insufficient in integrity, a traditional flange type shear connector is difficult in base plate concrete pouring construction, and the quality of the reinforced concrete joint part is hard to ensure can be solved. Compared with other combined shear connectors, the combined shear connector is simple in structure, reasonable in structure, free of influence on base plate concrete pouring construction and good in reinforced concrete joint part quality and overall working performance and has good technical and economic benefits, and the steel bars are convenient to machine.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of corrugated steel web plate composite box girder bridge construction field is and in particular to a kind of be used for connecting waveform steel
Web lower flange and box beam concrete base plate, a kind of combined Wavelike steel webplate base plate Shear connection key and construction method.
Background technology
Corrugated steel web reinforced concrete combined box beam structure is a kind of steel-concrete that current China is wideling popularize
Combining structure, it is mainly characterized by being instead of the web of conventional concrete box beam, wave mode steel abdomen by the higher waveform steel of intensity
Pass through shearing bonded between plate and roof and floor.Due to Wavelike steel webplate have from heavy and light, shearing strength high, can prefabrication etc.
Feature, it is more reasonable therefore to greatly reduce dead load, structure stress, improves span of bridge, avoids conventional concrete
Box girder web problem of Cracking.
Shear connection key is most important position in box girder with corrugated steel webs.Wavelike steel webplate due to it, " imitate by accordion
Should ", assume responsibility for most of vertical shear, and box beam roof and floor then undertakes curved pressure.Whether bi-material can be good at connecting
It is integrated, common opposing imposed load effect is it is necessary to rely on the effect of Shear connection key.At present, domestic and international Wavelike steel webplate case
Beam compared with frequently with shear connector connected mode mainly have two kinds:Baried type shear connector and edge of a wing type shear connector.
Embedded type shear connector is before roof and floor concrete construction, Wavelike steel webplate to be embedded in roof and floor in advance, waits to mix
After the completion of solidifying soil pours so that Wavelike steel webplate be connected with roof and floor integral.The advantage of this kind of shear connector be simple structure,
Construction is the most economical, but shortcoming is shearing, and bonded more weakness, integral working are poor.
Edge of a wing type shear connector is that lower edge welding steel on Wavelike steel webplate is formed flange plate, then welds on steel flange plate
Connect a kind of shear connector form of dissimilar steel, its holistic resistant behavior is improved compared with embedded type shear connector, special
It is not the PBL shear connector welding opening steel plate under flange plate, be the domestic at present shear connector type of attachment being most frequently with.But it is big
Amount engineering practice finds, when this kind of shear connector form is used for box beam construction of bottom plates, because flange plate is located at shear connector top, base plate
After formwork erection, due to the stop of lower flange steel plate, concreting, difficulty of vibrating, because concrete gravity leads to steel reinforced concrete junction
Leakiness, has had a strong impact on structure durability.
Content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of above-mentioned embedded type and edge of a wing type shear connector, provide a kind of large carrying capacity,
Holistic resistant behavior is good, easy construction, processing and manufacturing are simple, structure stress reasonably embeds the edge of a wing combined Wavelike steel webplate bottom
Plate shear key structure and construction method.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that:
A kind of combined Wavelike steel webplate base plate Shear connection key, including Wavelike steel webplate, lower flange steel plate, web holes
Steel plate, flange plate banding open pore steel plate and shear key structure reinforcing bar;Described lower flange steel plate is welded on ripple along along bridge to level
Shape steel web bottom;Each setback Duan Jun of Wavelike steel webplate are welded with the web holes steel plate vertical with its vertical plane, and described
Web holes steel plate is parallel with lower flange steel plate;The hole axis of web holes steel plate is vertical with lower flange steel plate;Bottom wing balsh
Plate top surface is welded with perpendicular flange plate banding open pore steel plate along bridge to elongated along structure, flange plate banding open pore steel plate
Empty axis is vertical with Wavelike steel webplate;Shear key structure reinforcing bar is divided into vertical distributing bar, horizontal tectonics reinforcing bar, suitable bridge to structure
Make reinforcing bar, described vertical distributing bar passes through the hole of web holes steel plate to be connected on the steel plate of lower flange;Described level
Distributing bar is connected to Wavelike steel webplate horizontal through the hole of flange plate banding open pore steel plate, and vertical distributing bar, water
Flat distributing bar overlaps welding in same section intersection, along bridge to distributing bar elongated with vertical, horizontal tectonics reinforcement welding
Integral, its objective is to ensure the globality of shear key structure reinforcing bar in box beam underplate concrete casting process, ensure mixed simultaneously
Solidifying soil pours the integral working of rear shear connector and base plate.
Further, described Wavelike steel webplate is vertically embedded in box beam base plate, and reaches box beam base plate bottom surface.
Further, described lower flange steel plate is located at Wavelike steel webplate bottom, with Wavelike steel webplate vertical welding, its mesh
The extraction-resistant behavior being to ensure that shear connector, and do not affect concrete pouring construction.
Further, described lower flange steel plate width is less than the width of concrete floor.
Further, described web holes steel plate is located inside Wavelike steel webplate, and its hole diameter is slightly larger than vertical structure
Make bar diameter.On the one hand its effect of web holes steel plate can increase the globality of steel web and concrete, auxiliary positioning simultaneously
Shear key structure reinforcing bar.
Further, described flange plate banding open pore steel plate also is located inside Wavelike steel webplate, and its position is located at inner side
Near bottom wing listrium widthwise central position, its effect is identical with web holes steel plate.
Further, described same section shear connector is vertical, horizontal tectonics reinforcing bar vertically overlaps welding, and and shear connector
Form overall framework of steel reinforcement along bridge to distributing bar welding.
Using described a kind of combined Wavelike steel webplate base plate Shear connection key construction method, including following step
Suddenly:
Step 1:According to box beam back-plane design dimensional requirement, process Wavelike steel webplate, lower flange steel plate, web holes steel
Plate, flange plate banding open pore steel plate.
Step 2:According to design requirement, above-mentioned part is welded integral, and inspect for acceptance.
I.e. lower flange steel plate is welded on Wavelike steel webplate bottom along along bridge to level;Each setback section of Wavelike steel webplate is all welded
It is connected to web holes steel plate, described web holes steel plate is vertical with Wavelike steel webplate and parallel with lower flange steel plate;Web holes
The hole axis of steel plate is vertical with lower flange steel plate;Lower flange steel plate top surface along structure along bridge to elongated be welded with perpendicular
Flange plate banding open pore steel plate, the empty axis of flange plate banding open pore steel plate is vertical with Wavelike steel webplate;
Step 3:The steel beam column that step 2 is assembled is transported to job site, after box beam base plate formwork erection, surveying and locating waveform steel
The axial location of web.
Step 4:Lifting Wavelike steel webplate is to predetermined axial line position, repetition measurement Wavelike steel webplate space coordinates, and coordinates manually
Cucurbit is finely tuned to design attitude, and the Wavelike steel webplate that this sections is installed is connected by bolt with the Wavelike steel webplate of previous sections
It is connected into entirety, and weld the lower flange steel plate of sections and this sections web bottom.
Step 5:According to design requirement length, process shear key structure reinforcing bar.
Step 6:Will be positioned at same cross section place, through web holes steel plate, the cutting of flange plate banding open pore steel plate hole
Power key distributing bar is vertically overlapped welding.
Step 7:Will along bridge to elongated reinforcing bar along bridge to penetrating base plate, with shear connector horizontal tectonics reinforcing bar, straightened portion structure
Make reinforcement welding and form entirety.
Step 8:Pour underplate concrete, and maintenance of vibrating, complete this section box girder base plate and shear connector connection construction.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has advantages below:
1st, combined Wavelike steel webplate base plate Shear connection key of the present invention, lower flange steel plate is located at base plate bottom surface, cuts
Power key flange plate do not hinder underplate concrete to pour, construction of vibrating it is ensured that the pouring quality of shear connector and concrete joint surface,
Improve shear connector anti-pull-out property.
2nd, open pore steel plate one side of the present invention can increase the switching performance of shear connector and concrete further, also simultaneously
Reinforcing bar positioning difficulty can be reduced with auxiliary positioning shear key structure reinforcing bar.
3rd, all straight muscle of shear key structure reinforcing bar of the present invention, easy to process and be easily installed, can be made by welding
All shear key structure reinforcing bars form frameworks of steel reinforcement it is ensured that in concreting process shear key structure reinforcing bar globality,
Further enhance the integral working of shear connector and base plate after concreting simultaneously.
4th, shear connector holistic resistant behavior of the present invention is good, large carrying capacity, easy construction, processing and manufacturing are simple, greatly
Save greatly engineering time and construction cost, improve the economic benefit of construction.
Brief description
In order to be illustrated more clearly that the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, below will be to embodiment or existing
Have technology description in required use accompanying drawing be briefly described it should be apparent that, drawings in the following description are the present invention
Some embodiments, for those of ordinary skill in the art, on the premise of not paying creative work, can also basis
These accompanying drawings obtain other accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 tradition embedded type Wavelike steel webplate shear connector canonical schema;
Fig. 2 tradition flange plate type Wavelike steel webplate shear connector canonical schema;
Fig. 3 present invention combined Wavelike steel webplate base plate Shear connection key elevational schematic view;
Fig. 4 present invention combined Wavelike steel webplate base plate Shear connection key floor map;
In figure:101 Wavelike steel webplates, 102 perforated rebars, 103 connection reinforcing bars, 104 concrete floors;
201 lower flange steel plates, 202 flange plate banding steel plates, 203 steel reinforced concrete junctions;
301 web holes steel plates, the vertical distributing bar of 302 shear connectors, 303 shear connector transverse structure reinforcing bars, 304 shear connectors
Along bridge to distributing bar, 305 welding positions;
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further detailed explanation with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description.
In conjunction with shown in Fig. 1, traditional embedded type Shear connection key is mainly by Wavelike steel webplate 101, perforated rebar 102, connection
Reinforcing bar 103 forms.Because Wavelike steel webplate 101 is overall embedded, bottom is connected with concrete floor 104 by perforated rebar 102,
Therefore integrated connection and stress performance are poor.
In conjunction with shown in Fig. 2, traditional edge of a wing type type shear connector is mainly by Wavelike steel webplate 101, lower flange steel plate 201, banding
Steel plate 202, perforated rebar 102 form.During due to construction of bottom plates, lower flange steel plate 201 is located at shear connector top, base plate formwork erection
Afterwards, due to the stop of lower flange steel plate 201, concreting, difficulty of vibrating, because concrete gravity leads to steel reinforced concrete junction
203 leakiness.
A kind of combined Wavelike steel webplate base plate Shear connection key of the present invention, mainly by Wavelike steel webplate 101, bottom wing balsh
Plate 201, web holes steel plate 301, flange plate banding open pore steel plate 202, the vertical distributing bar of shear connector 302, shear connector are horizontal
Distributing bar 303, shear connector form to distributing bar 304 along bridge.
In conjunction with shown in Fig. 3, Fig. 4, lower flange steel plate is along Wavelike steel webplate 101 length direction (i.e. suitable bridge described above
To) level is welded on Wavelike steel webplate 101 bottom;Each setback section of Wavelike steel webplate 101 all welds web holes steel plate 301,
And described web holes steel plate 301 is vertical with Wavelike steel webplate 101, parallel with lower flange steel plate, perforate direction is just to lower flange
Steel plate 201 is (i.e.:The hole axis of web holes steel plate is vertical with lower flange steel plate);Lower flange steel plate 201 top surface is suitable along structure
Bridge is to elongated welding flange plate banding open pore steel plate 202, and described flange plate banding open pore steel plate 202 and lower flange steel plate 201
Vertically, perforate direction is just to Wavelike steel webplate 101 (i.e.:The empty axis of flange plate banding open pore steel plate is hung down with Wavelike steel webplate
Directly);Shear key structure reinforcing bar is divided into vertical distributing bar 302, transverse structure reinforcing bar 303, suitable bridge to distributing bar 304, described
Vertical, horizontal tectonics reinforcing bar be each passed through steel web, flange plate open pore steel plate hole (described vertical distributing bar pass through abdomen
The hole of plate open pore steel plate is connected on the steel plate of lower flange;Described horizontal tectonics reinforcing bar is horizontal through flange plate banding perforate steel
The hole of plate is connected to Wavelike steel webplate), and overlap welding 305 in shear connector bottom intersection, lead to distributing bar 304 along bridge
Length is with horizontal tectonics reinforcing bar, partly vertically distributing bar welding is integral, its objective is to ensure in underplate concrete casting process
The globality of shear key structure reinforcing bar, ensures the integral working of shear connector and base plate after concreting simultaneously.
The steel reinforced concrete of Wavelike steel webplate lower flange described in said structure combines cage structure,
Further, described Wavelike steel webplate 101 is vertically embedded in concrete floor 104, and reaches box beam coagulation
Native base plate 104 bottom surface.
Further, described lower flange steel plate 201 is located at Wavelike steel webplate 101 bottom, vertical with Wavelike steel webplate 101
Welding.
Further, described lower flange steel plate 201 width is less than concrete floor.
Further, described web holes steel plate 301 is located inside Wavelike steel webplate 101, and its hole diameter is slightly larger than
Shear key structure bar diameter.
Further, described lower flange strip shape steel plate 202 is similarly positioned in inside Wavelike steel webplate 101, its position position
Near the bottom wing listrium widthwise central position of inner side.
Further, described same section shear connector is vertical, horizontal tectonics reinforcing bar vertically overlaps welding 305, and with cut
Power key forms overall framework of steel reinforcement along bridge to distributing bar 304 welding.
Further, described web holes steel plate 301 is a rectangular configuration, during welding, one side and shape steel abdomen
The setback section of plate 101 is parallel, after the completion of multiple web holes steel plate 301 welding, forms the bellows-shaped with Wavelike steel webplate 101
Consistent corrugated.Using described a kind of combined Wavelike steel webplate base plate Shear connection key construction method, including following several
Individual step:
Step 1:According to back-plane design dimensional requirement, factory process Wavelike steel webplate 101, lower flange steel plate 201, abdomen
Plate open pore steel plate 301, flange plate banding steel plate 202.
Step 2:According to design requirement, above-mentioned part is welded integral, and inspect for acceptance.
Step 3:Steel beam column is transported to job site, after box beam base plate formwork erection, surveying and locating Wavelike steel webplate 101 axis position
Put.
Step 4:Lifting Wavelike steel webplate 101 is to predetermined axial line position, repetition measurement Wavelike steel webplate 101 space coordinates, and joins
Close bottle gouard moved by hands to finely tune to design attitude, the Wavelike steel webplate that this sections is installed is passed through with the Wavelike steel webplate of previous sections
Bolt connection is integral, and is welded to connect the bottom wing listrium of sections and this sections web bottom.
Step 5:According to design requirement length, process shear key structure reinforcing bar.
Step 6:By the vertical and transverse structure reinforcing bar processing by design size be each passed through web holes steel 301 plate,
Flange plate banding steel plate 302 hole, and will vertically overlap welding positioned at the vertical of same cross section place and transverse structure reinforcing bar
305.
Step 7:Base plate will be penetrated along bridge to distributing bar, with shear connector horizontal tectonics reinforcing bar 303, straightened portion construction steel
Muscle 302 welding forms overall.
Step 8:Pour underplate concrete, and maintenance of vibrating, complete this section box girder base plate and shear connector connection construction.
Although the above-mentioned accompanying drawing that combines is described to the specific embodiment of the present invention, not model is protected to the present invention
The restriction enclosed, one of ordinary skill in the art should be understood that on the basis of technical scheme, and those skilled in the art are not
Need to pay the various modifications that creative work can make or deformation still within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of combined Wavelike steel webplate base plate Shear connection key it is characterised in that:Including Wavelike steel webplate, bottom wing balsh
Plate, web holes steel plate, flange plate banding open pore steel plate and shear key structure reinforcing bar;Described lower flange steel plate is along suitable bridge to water
Flat welded is in Wavelike steel webplate bottom;Each setback Duan Jun of Wavelike steel webplate are welded with the web holes steel vertical with its vertical plane
Plate, and described web holes steel plate is parallel with lower flange steel plate;The hole axis of web holes steel plate is vertical with lower flange steel plate;
Lower flange steel plate top surface is welded with perpendicular flange plate banding open pore steel plate along bridge to elongated along structure, and flange plate banding is opened
The empty axis of hole steel plate is vertical with Wavelike steel webplate;Shear key structure reinforcing bar be divided into vertical distributing bar, horizontal tectonics reinforcing bar,
Along bridge to distributing bar, described vertical distributing bar passes through the hole of web holes steel plate to be connected on the steel plate of lower flange;Institute
The horizontal tectonics reinforcing bar stated is connected to Wavelike steel webplate horizontal through the hole of flange plate banding open pore steel plate, and vertically constructs
Reinforcing bar, horizontal tectonics reinforcing bar overlap welding in same section intersection, along bridge to distributing bar elongated with vertical, horizontal tectonics steel
Muscle welding is integral.
2. a kind of combined Wavelike steel webplate base plate Shear connection key according to claim 1 it is characterised in that:Described
Wavelike steel webplate is vertically embedded in box beam base plate, and reaches box beam base plate bottom surface.
3. a kind of combined Wavelike steel webplate base plate Shear connection key according to claim 1 it is characterised in that:Under described
Edge of a wing steel plate is located at Wavelike steel webplate bottom, with Wavelike steel webplate vertical welding.
4. a kind of combined Wavelike steel webplate base plate Shear connection key according to claim 1 it is characterised in that:Described
Lower flange steel plate width is less than concrete floor width.
5. a kind of combined Wavelike steel webplate base plate Shear connection key according to claim 1 it is characterised in that:Described
Web holes steel plate is located inside steel web, and its hole diameter is slightly larger than shear key structure bar diameter.
6. a kind of combined Wavelike steel webplate base plate Shear connection key according to claim 1 it is characterised in that:Described
Flange plate open pore steel plate is similarly positioned in inside steel web, and its position is located near the bottom wing listrium widthwise central position of inner side.
7. the side being constructed using a kind of combined Wavelike steel webplate base plate Shear connection key as described in claim 1-6
Method is it is characterised in that include following step:
Step 1:According to box beam back-plane design dimensional requirement, processing Wavelike steel webplate, lower flange steel plate, web holes steel plate,
Flange plate banding open pore steel plate;
Step 2:According to design requirement, above-mentioned part is welded integral, and inspect for acceptance;
Step 3:The steel beam column that step 2 is assembled is transported to job site, after box beam base plate formwork erection, surveying and locating Wavelike steel webplate
Axial location.
Step 4:Lifting Wavelike steel webplate is to predetermined axial line position, repetition measurement Wavelike steel webplate space coordinates, and coordinates bottle gouard moved by hands
Finely tune to design attitude, the Wavelike steel webplate that this sections is installed is bolted into the Wavelike steel webplate of previous sections
Overall, and weld the lower flange steel plate of sections and this sections web bottom.
Step 5:According to design requirement length, process shear key structure reinforcing bar.
Step 6:Will be positioned at same cross section place, through the shear connector of web holes steel plate, flange plate banding open pore steel plate hole
Distributing bar is vertically overlapped welding.
Step 7:Will along bridge to elongated reinforcing bar along bridge to penetrating base plate, with shear connector horizontal tectonics reinforcing bar, straightened portion construction steel
Muscle welding forms overall;
Step 8:Pour underplate concrete, and maintenance of vibrating, complete this section box girder base plate and shear connector connection construction.
8. construction as claimed in claim 7 method it is characterised in that in step 2 annexation of each part be:
Lower flange steel plate is welded on Wavelike steel webplate bottom along along bridge to level;Each setback Duan Jun of Wavelike steel webplate are welded with abdomen
Plate open pore steel plate, described web holes steel plate is vertical with Wavelike steel webplate and parallel with lower flange steel plate;Web holes steel plate
Hole axis is vertical with lower flange steel plate;Lower flange steel plate top surface is welded with perpendicular flange plate along bridge to elongated along structure
Banding open pore steel plate, the empty axis of flange plate banding open pore steel plate is vertical with Wavelike steel webplate.
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CN201611096419.7A CN106400668B (en) | 2016-12-02 | 2016-12-02 | A kind of combined Wavelike steel webplate bottom plate Shear connection key and construction method |
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CN201611096419.7A CN106400668B (en) | 2016-12-02 | 2016-12-02 | A kind of combined Wavelike steel webplate bottom plate Shear connection key and construction method |
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CN106400668B CN106400668B (en) | 2018-01-30 |
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN108661166A (en) * | 2018-07-04 | 2018-10-16 | 西南交通大学 | A kind of aluminium alloy truss node and concrete connecting structure and its installation method |
CN111335166A (en) * | 2020-03-09 | 2020-06-26 | 浙江交工集团股份有限公司 | Construction method using self-bearing structure as temporary support |
CN113463495A (en) * | 2021-07-21 | 2021-10-01 | 台州市交通勘察设计院有限公司 | Construction method of cast-in-situ steel-concrete composite beam with double main beam longitudinal one-way plates |
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CN204112200U (en) * | 2014-10-16 | 2015-01-21 | 河南大建桥梁钢构股份有限公司 | Edge of a wing enhanced waveform steel web plate composite box girder |
CN105672113A (en) * | 2016-01-22 | 2016-06-15 | 山东大学 | Reinforced concrete combined part structure on lower flange of corrugated steel web and construction method of reinforced concrete combined part structure |
CN206233084U (en) * | 2016-12-02 | 2017-06-09 | 中铁十四局集团第二工程有限公司 | A kind of combined Wavelike steel webplate base plate Shear connection key |
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JPH11148110A (en) * | 1997-11-14 | 1999-06-02 | Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd | Continuous girder bridge |
CN201095816Y (en) * | 2007-06-20 | 2008-08-06 | 万水 | Embedded anti-shearing connection member |
CN101768916A (en) * | 2010-01-22 | 2010-07-07 | 清华大学 | Lower flange improved corrugated steel web plate composite box girder and construction method thereof |
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CN108661166A (en) * | 2018-07-04 | 2018-10-16 | 西南交通大学 | A kind of aluminium alloy truss node and concrete connecting structure and its installation method |
CN111335166A (en) * | 2020-03-09 | 2020-06-26 | 浙江交工集团股份有限公司 | Construction method using self-bearing structure as temporary support |
CN113463495A (en) * | 2021-07-21 | 2021-10-01 | 台州市交通勘察设计院有限公司 | Construction method of cast-in-situ steel-concrete composite beam with double main beam longitudinal one-way plates |
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