CN106392468A - Metal material additive manufacturing method for deep-hole part - Google Patents
Metal material additive manufacturing method for deep-hole part Download PDFInfo
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- CN106392468A CN106392468A CN201611167704.3A CN201611167704A CN106392468A CN 106392468 A CN106392468 A CN 106392468A CN 201611167704 A CN201611167704 A CN 201611167704A CN 106392468 A CN106392468 A CN 106392468A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- deep
- hole
- overlay cladding
- mould
- hole parts
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P13/00—Making metal objects by operations essentially involving machining but not covered by a single other subclass
- B23P13/02—Making metal objects by operations essentially involving machining but not covered by a single other subclass in which only the machining operations are important
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Drilling And Boring (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a metal material additive manufacturing method for a deep-hole part. The method is characterized in that by jumping out of a conventional mindset of firstly manufacturing a part and then performing a drilling operation in a conventional deep-hole part machining method, operations of drilling holes firstly and then forming an integral part are performed; layered parts with short holes are overlaid by adoption of a deposit welding technology of a metal material additive, and finally, the layered parts are integrated into an intact part with the deep hole, so that the manufacturing process of breaking up the whole into parts and then gathering parts into a whole is finished, and various problems of a cutter in a common deep-hole machining process are avoided; no large equipment is required, and the operating process is simple and understandable; compared with a conventional deep-hole machining improved method, the machining method provided by the invention is free of length limit, and deep holes in any required length can be manufactured theoretically; and the method is suitable for personalized production without specially customizing a drilling bit.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to metal material processing field is and in particular to a kind of processing carries the part of super large draw ratio deep hole
Manufacture method.
Background technology
In machinery industry and machine-building, sometimes using to deep hole, and the part of deep hole class not easy processing, due to it
The ratio in length and aperture is very big, needs the process of processing is carried out being accurately controlled preventing from wandering off, meanwhile, to the knife adopting
Tool also has higher requirement, bad due to radiating in deep hole, how to ensure that the intensity of high temperature bottom tool is also current deep hole machining
Difficult point, traditional method is directly processed using drill bit, high to the level requirement of workman when hand-manipulated, also needs during machine cuts
Want its precision of precise control, also have higher requirement for plant equipment.With existing technique and technology, carrying out deep hole machining
When all there is inevitable some problem.
For above problem, part researcher it is also proposed corresponding solution, but still there is certain asking
Topic.In the patent of invention " deep hole drilling apparatus " of Patent No. CN201110063360, employ a kind of special deep hole and add
Frock is put, using various machine components and mechanism cooperation it is ensured that the precision of deep hole machining, but, in this patent, whole
The complex structure of complete equipment, relatively costly, volume is larger, installs complicated with operating procedure, the requirement to operator is higher, very
Difficulty carries out large-scale industrial production.Patent No. CN201420014691 utility model patent " for elongated hole plus
In the drill gun of work ", employ a kind of stagewise（Mainly for drill bit）Deep hole drilling apparatus, be greatly improved device be suitable for
Property and portability, but classification processing there is also certain problem to the size Control of deep hole.In sum, existing at present
Technology is all to improve on machining equipment, seldom has the way adopting new approaches in technique.
Additionally, for need particularly customized processing deep hole or on a small quantity produce when, specially go to customize special equipment economy
Benefit is low, and causes the waste of material or equipment, and elapsed time is long；And the higher metal material of part difficulty of processing may
Equipment is caused damage, be also the problem needing to consider, in this context it is necessary to the new deep hole machining side of research design
Method.
Content of the invention
The problem existing for prior art, the present invention is to solve the technical scheme that problems of the prior art adopt
As follows：
A kind of metal increasing material manufacturing method of deep-hole parts is it is characterised in that comprise the steps：
Step one, according to deep-hole parts design size to be processed, if part is divided into dried layer from length direction；
Step 2, parts profile mould is fixed on the work surface of substrate upper end, carries out first in mould using technique for overlaying
Overlay cladding is processed；
Step 3, after first overlay cladding cooling after, the first overlay cladding is removed from the molds, drilling plane is carried out milling put down place
Reason, makes the first overlay cladding upper and lower side holding level；
Step 4, according to deep hole design attitude and size on deep-hole parts to be processed, select the drill bit in corresponding aperture, from design position
Put and proceed by boring process, only to drilling the first overlay cladding, form first circular hole；
Step 5, with fusible material or sand grains, machined hole is blocked；
Step 6, the first overlay cladding is positioned on substrate, mould is set in the first overlay cladding upper end, continue to enter in mould
The built-up welding processing of row second overlay cladding and the processing of the second circular hole, repeat step three arrives step 5, until overlay cladding reaches part
Design length；
Step 7, molded External Shape is carried out following process process, complete the manufacture of whole deep-hole parts.
After described every one overlay cladding machines, Milling Process need to be carried out to its surface it is ensured that overlay cladding after milling
Upper surface is vertical with gun drilling direction.
New overlay cladding is carried out during drilling operation it should be ensured that the preparation of bore position, object of reference can be selected in advance
Measure, or calibrated using mechanical constraints；In concrete operations, it is possible to use mould carries out the positioning in hole, record
The axis of design drawing mesopore is to the distance in each face of mould, or selects other may object of reference be positioned；If having ready conditions,
Can be positioned using machinery, such as two dimension or three-dimensional working platform, be positioned using various coarse adjustment thereon or micromatic setting
Calibration；It is possible with the laser equipment fixed a long way off, keep axially bored line to overlap with the laser that it projects to realize positioning.
Described mould side wall and part outer wall fit tightly, and do not have melted material from mould side wall stream during built-up welding molding
Go out, built-up welding formable layer solidification after can take out not with mould adhesion, when deep-hole parts length is very long, mould does not set bottom surface, will
, as the bottom surface of overlay-operation next time, mould and substrate all will not be with the resurfacing welding materials of part for overlay cladding after molding each time
There is metallurgical reaction.
Fusible material in described step 5 is paraffin, and this method needs to carry out further built-up welding on the layer processing,
Complete one heap postwelding, if aperture is larger, should carried out using the material that the fusible materials such as paraffin or sand grains etc. can conveniently be discharged
Closure, under gravity, will not be destroyed by upper layer of material by the hole of closure post.
The invention has the advantages that：
The method applied in the present invention compared with traditional method and in other patents done improvement compare, the method be from
It is optimized in thinking, whole part manufacture is first processed the conventional thought fixed pattern carrying out drilling operation again by tripping, carries out
The operation of one-piece parts molding after first holing, it is as follows that the program has obvious advantage：
1st, the various problems that cutter during common deep hole machining occurs have been avoided, such as cutter wanders off, the bad, chip removal of radiating is stranded
Difficult the problems such as and lead to hole crudy not high, these problems in this patent segmentation shallow bore hole processing in obtain changing greatly very much
Kind；
2nd, do not need any main equipment, operating procedure is easily understood in this embodiment it is not even necessary to extraneous provide electric energy just can complete to grasp
Make；
3rd, it is suitable for but is not limited to the manufacture of the deep-hole parts such as copper alloy, ferrous materials, aluminium alloy, come especially for hard alloy
Say, common drilling is very big to the damage of drill bit, and passes through using this technique, that can avoid that drill bit is likely to result in is unfavorable
Impact；
4 compare with the deep hole machining improved method of routine, and the method that the present invention provides does not have the limitation of length, can make in theory
Produce the deep hole of any Len req；
5th, compared with traditional deep hole processing method, this method can control accuracy in process, be modified in time or school
Accurate, it is to avoid the error accumulation of " gets into bottom " in traditional processing；
6th, it is suitable for personalized production, be not required to particularly customized drill bit.
Brief description
Fig. 1 is board structure schematic diagram in the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the present invention the first overlay cladding machining sketch chart；
Fig. 3 is first circular hole machining sketch chart of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the present invention the second overlay cladding machining sketch chart；
Fig. 5 is second circular hole machining sketch chart of the present invention；
Wherein：1- substrate, 2- the first overlay cladding mother metal, first circular hole of 3-, 4- the second overlay cladding mother metal, 5- second circular hole.
Specific embodiment
Below by embodiment, and combine accompanying drawing, technical scheme is described in further detail, such as Fig. 1-
Shown in 5, by the metal increasing material manufacturing method of one of present invention deep-hole parts, the heap being applied to square deep circular hole part is welded
Make, material requested is：Welding powder, gunpowder, lead, equipment needed thereby is：Square dies, drill bit, milling machine.
Forming process is as follows：
Step 1：The square deep circular hole Element Design of required molding is divided into several overlay claddings, calculates required for each layer
Welding powder quality；
Step 2：Welding powder is poured into be placed in mould on substrate 1 or crucible, and the welding powder material that this implements to adopt is 98%
Brazing powder, additional 2% Na2SO4, lead is inserted in welding powder, then uniformly sprinkles gunpowder in welding powder, lead week
The gunpowder enclosing can be slightly more；
Step 3：Point combustion wire, this process notes personal safety, and in this step, welding powder is melted and molded, and hereafter waits it naturally cold
But, complete the molding of the first overlay cladding mother metal；
Step 4：Remove mould or crucible after cooling, first overlay cladding mother metal upper surface is carried out milling, this process must be protected
Plane and substrate-parallel after card milling are it is ensured that the axial direction of deep hole and plane perpendicular；
Step 5：Select suitable drill bit, carry out the drilling of first circular hole 3 in the position of boring needed for upper surface, and ensure by
This overlay cladding drills through；
Step 6：If aperture is larger, it is possible to use fusible material（As paraffin etc.）This hole is filled to upper surface；
Step 7：Completed first overlay cladding is continued to be positioned on substrate 1, the sheathed mould in top or crucible, by the first built-up welding
Layer arrives step 6 as the bottom surface of follow-up overlay-operation, repeat step 2, until the length of part reaches design requirement, this step needs
Pay special attention to the positioning precision holed；
Step 8：After the completion of built-up welding overall process, if necessary, Surface Machining, Re Chu are carried out in type square deep circular hole part
Reason etc. is processed.
Protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments it is clear that those skilled in the art can be to this
Bright carry out various change and deformation without deviating from scope and spirit of the present invention.If these are changed and deformation belongs to present invention power
In the range of profit requirement and its equivalent technologies, then the intent of the present invention also comprises these changes and deforms.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of metal increasing material manufacturing method of deep-hole parts is it is characterised in that comprise the steps：
Step one, according to deep-hole parts design size to be processed, if part is divided into dried layer from length direction；
Step 2, parts profile mould is fixed on the work surface of substrate upper end, carries out first in mould using technique for overlaying
Overlay cladding is processed；
Step 3, after first overlay cladding cooling after, the first overlay cladding is removed from the molds, drilling plane is carried out milling put down place
Reason, makes the first overlay cladding upper and lower side holding level；
Step 4, according to deep hole design attitude and size on deep-hole parts to be processed, select the drill bit in corresponding aperture, from design position
Put and proceed by boring process, only to drilling the first overlay cladding, form first circular hole；
Step 5, with fusible material or sand grains, machined hole is blocked；
Step 6, the first overlay cladding is positioned on substrate, mould is set in the first overlay cladding upper end, continue to enter in mould
The built-up welding processing of row second overlay cladding and the processing of the second circular hole, repeat step three arrives step 5, until overlay cladding reaches part
Design length；
Step 7, molded External Shape is carried out following process process, complete the manufacture of whole deep-hole parts.
2. as claimed in claim 1 a kind of deep-hole parts metal increasing material manufacturing method it is characterised in that：
Every after described overlay cladding machines together, Milling Process need to be carried out to its surface it is ensured that overlay cladding upper table after milling
Face is vertical with gun drilling direction.
3. as claimed in claim 1 a kind of deep-hole parts metal increasing material manufacturing method it is characterised in that：In new overlay cladding
On carry out during drilling operation it is ensured that bore position accurate, carry out calibration positioning using object of reference or mechanical constraint.
4. as claimed in claim 1 a kind of deep-hole parts metal increasing material manufacturing method it is characterised in that：Described die side
Wall is fitted tightly with part outer wall, and when deep-hole parts length is longer, mould does not set bottom surface, by the overlay cladding after molding each time
Bottom surface as overlay-operation next time.
5. as claimed in claim 1 a kind of deep-hole parts metal increasing material manufacturing method it is characterised in that：In described step 5
Fusible material be paraffin.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201611167704.3A CN106392468B (en) | 2016-12-16 | 2016-12-16 | A kind of metal increasing material manufacturing method of deep-hole parts |
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| CN201611167704.3A CN106392468B (en) | 2016-12-16 | 2016-12-16 | A kind of metal increasing material manufacturing method of deep-hole parts |
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| CN106392468A true CN106392468A (en) | 2017-02-15 |
| CN106392468B CN106392468B (en) | 2019-03-19 |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108526824A (en) * | 2018-04-18 | 2018-09-14 | 中国工程物理研究院机械制造工艺研究所 | A kind of micropore combined machining method |
| CN110695556A (en) * | 2019-10-23 | 2020-01-17 | 中煤张家口煤矿机械有限责任公司 | Repairing repair welding method and device for heat exchange column of cast silicon-aluminum heat exchanger |
| CN115139059A (en) * | 2022-07-04 | 2022-10-04 | 西安增材制造国家研究院有限公司 | Material-increasing and material-decreasing composite forming method for deep-hole parts |
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| CN110695556A (en) * | 2019-10-23 | 2020-01-17 | 中煤张家口煤矿机械有限责任公司 | Repairing repair welding method and device for heat exchange column of cast silicon-aluminum heat exchanger |
| CN115139059A (en) * | 2022-07-04 | 2022-10-04 | 西安增材制造国家研究院有限公司 | Material-increasing and material-decreasing composite forming method for deep-hole parts |
| CN115139059B (en) * | 2022-07-04 | 2023-08-18 | 北京万维增材科技有限公司 | Composite forming method for increasing and decreasing materials of deep hole parts |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN106392468B (en) | 2019-03-19 |
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Effective date of registration: 20220929 Address after: 433128, Hubei City, Qianjiang Province Yu Yu Town Road, No. 6 Patentee after: QIANJIANG CITY JIANGHAN DRILLING CO.,LTD. Address before: 430072 Hubei Province, Wuhan city Wuchang District of Wuhan University Luojiashan Patentee before: WUHAN University |
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