CN106392087A - Preparation method of high-strength 3D printing metal material - Google Patents
Preparation method of high-strength 3D printing metal material Download PDFInfo
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- CN106392087A CN106392087A CN201610863274.2A CN201610863274A CN106392087A CN 106392087 A CN106392087 A CN 106392087A CN 201610863274 A CN201610863274 A CN 201610863274A CN 106392087 A CN106392087 A CN 106392087A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/06—Metallic powder characterised by the shape of the particles
- B22F1/065—Spherical particles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/10—Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/20—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces by extruding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/026—Spray drying of solutions or suspensions
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F2009/001—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof from scrap particles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
- B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a preparation method of a high-strength 3D printing metal material. The preparation method of the high-strength 3D printing metal material comprises the following steps: smelting various metal elements, and fishing out scummings completely after dissolved clarification to obtain alloy liquid; pouring the alloy liquid in a die, and cooling the die in cold water until the temperature of the alloy liquid reaches room temperature to obtain an alloy ingot; after turning the alloy ingot into fine chippings, pulverizing the fine chippings to obtain alloy powder; placing the alloy powder in an extrusion die, and then carrying out extrusion forming by an extruder to obtain an alloy material; carrying out sintering and heat treatment on the alloy material; then mixing the material subjected to heat treatment with liquid to obtain metal powder slurry; and then preparing the slurry into spherical metal powder for 3D printing through a spray granulator. By the preparation method of the high-strength 3D printing metal material, the standing time of metal in a high-temperature stage can be short, alloy elements do not have enough time to be scattered, so that structures are refined, segregation is reduced, the strength of the material is improved by extrusion and heat treatment processes, and metal powder for 3D printing, which is small and uniform in grain size, can be prepared through the spray granulator.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to 3D printing metal dust, specifically a kind of preparation side of high intensity 3D printing metal material
Method.
Background technology
" 3D printing " technology, also referred to as increases material manufacturing technology, belongs to one kind of rapid shaping technique.It is a kind of with number
Based on word model file, by software hierarchy is discrete and numerical control molding system, using modes such as laser beam, hot melt nozzles by powder
Last shape metal or plastics etc. can jointing material successively piled up cohere superposition shaping, finally produce the technology of entity products.
The central principle that 3D prints is " Layered manufacturing is successively superimposed ", and compared with the manufacturing technology of traditional " subtracting material manufacture ", 3D prints
Technology by the technological incorporation insertion such as machinery, material, computer, communication, control technology and biomedicine, have realize integrally manufactured
Complex-shaped workpieces, greatly shorten life cycle of the product, save lot of materials, the clear superiority such as improve production efficiency.Specifically come
Say：First, the application of 3D printing technique will constantly expand；Secondly, 3D printing technique is in the application of each application
Aspect deepens continuously；Furthermore, the materialization form of 3D printing technique itself will be abundanter.Thus, this technology inevitable soon
Future, rapid osmotic was to national defence, Aero-Space, electric power, automobile, biomedical mould, casting, electric power, agricultural, household electrical appliances, technique
The numerous areas such as the fine arts, animation, profound influence the design concept in above-mentioned field, and coordinates that other technologies are perfect, even updates
Some quotidian fabrication schemes, make manufacture more intelligent, simple and direct, green, properties of product more press close to perfect condition.Now
3D printing technique has become one of emerging technology of global concern.This new mode of production and other digital production moulds
Formula will promote the realization of the third time industrial revolution together.The wherein one big bottleneck that restriction 3D printing technique develops rapidly is to print material
Material, particularly metallic print material.Research and development and the metal material that production performance is more preferable and versatility is higher are to put forward 3D printing technique
Key.Directly adopt 3D printing technique manufacture view in high-performance metal component, need that particle diameter is thin, uniform particle sizes, high spherical
Degree, all kinds of metal dusts of low oxygen content.
Content of the invention
For above-mentioned technical problem, the present invention provide one kind can prepare particle diameter is less, more uniform high intensity 3D of particle diameter
Print the preparation method of metal material.
The technical solution used in the present invention is：A kind of preparation method of high intensity 3D printing metal material, it includes following
Step：
（1）Each metal simple-substance is carried out melting, after molten clear after drag for net scum silica frost, obtain aluminium alloy；
（2）Aluminium alloy is poured in mould, is subsequently placed in cold water and is cooled to room temperature, obtain alloy pig；
（3）Alloy pig is lathed after fines and is pulverized, obtain alloyed powder；
（4）Above-mentioned alloyed powder is placed in extrusion die, then passes through extruder extrusion molding, obtain alloy material；
（5）Again above-mentioned alloy material is sintered and is heat-treated；
（6）Then the material after heat treatment is mixed with liquid, and add organic bond to stir, be configured to metal powder pulp
Material；
（7）Again slurry is made spherical 3D printing metal dust by sponging granulator.
Preferably, described metal simple-substance adopts aluminum shot, copper particle and nickel shot, the wherein content of nickel is 10wt%, the content of aluminium
For 12 wt %, balance of copper.
Preferably, described liquid adopts distilled water or deionized water, and alloyed powder with the mass ratio of liquid is（2.5—
3）：1.
Preferably, described organic bond adopts metal granulating agent, its addition is the 2 4% of alloyed powder quality.
Preferably, described sponging granulator adopts centrifugal spraying granulator or press atomization comminutor.
Preferably, the rotating speed of described centrifugal spraying granulator is 5,000 8000 revs/min, the pressure of press atomization comminutor
Power is 15 25kg/ cm2.
Preferably, the inlet temperature of described sponging granulator dry air be 250 350 DEG C, outlet temperature be 100
150℃；The flow of dry air is 100 200 Nm3/h；Charging rate is 10 20 kg/h.
Preferably, extrusion molding is carried out in protective atmosphere, pressure is 1000 1200MPa.
Preferably, during sintering, first 20 30s are sintered with 280 320 DEG C of temperature, then with 500 600 DEG C of temperature
Sinter 40 60s, then sinter 20 30s with 650 700 DEG C of temperature.
Preferably, heat treatment is successively using solid solution, cold pressing deformation and Ageing Treatment, the temperature of wherein solution treatment is
650 700 DEG C, the time is 10 12min；The deflection of colding pressing of deformation process of colding pressing is 30 35%；The temperature of Ageing Treatment is
300 350 DEG C, the time is 2 3h
As can be known from the above technical solutions, the present invention is poured in mould by aluminium alloy, is subsequently placed in cold water and is cooled to room temperature,
Aluminium alloy is made quickly to cool down it is ensured that metal is shorter in the hot stage time of staying, alloying element has little time to spread, thus refinement group
Knit, reduce segregation, then pass through extruding and Technology for Heating Processing improves the intensity of material, then particle diameter can be prepared by sponging granulator
Little, uniform particle sizes 3D printing metal dust.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described more detail below, the illustrative examples of the here present invention and explanation are used for explaining the present invention,
But it is not as a limitation of the invention.
A kind of preparation method of high intensity 3D printing metal material, it comprises the following steps：
With aluminium, copper, nickel shot as raw material, and by the content of nickel be 10wt%, the content of aluminium be that 12 wt %, balance of copper are joined
Material；Then aluminum shot is placed in induction heater, after aluminum shot dissolving, adds copper particle and nickel shot to carry out melting, after molten clear after drag for and only float
Slag, obtains aluminium alloy；Aluminium alloy is poured in mould, is immediately placed in cold water together with mould and is cooled to room temperature, obtain alloy
Ingot；Then alloy pig is lathed after fines and is pulverized, obtain alloyed powder.
Above-mentioned alloyed powder is placed in extrusion die, then passes through extruder extrusion molding, obtain alloy material；Extruding
Cheng Zhong, the metal powder end in mould, in addition to the normal pressure being squeezed machine drift, is also subject to lateral pressure and the friction of mold wall
The effect of power；With the movement of drift, the powder in mould is progressively compacted, thus being extruded by mould.In order to prevent metal
Oxidation, extrusion molding carries out under protective atmosphere, and pressure adopts 1000 1200MPa, so can obtain consistency higher
Material, and performance profile is uniformly, productivity ratio is high；Then the cupro-nickel aluminum alloy materials above-mentioned extrusion molding being obtained are sintered,
Sintering is carried out in three stages, first sinters 20 30s with 280 320 DEG C of temperature, then sinters 40 with 500 600 DEG C of temperature
60s, then sinter 20 30s with 650 700 DEG C of temperature；First stage belongs to the sintering preparatory stage, for further sintering purification
Environment；Second stage, with the rising of temperature, initially forms sintering neck, and be combined with each other between alloying substance particle, particle table
There is reduction reaction in face oxide, thus continuing to participate in sintering, intergranular combination encloses space each other；3rd
The sintering temperature in stage is higher, and intergranular sintering neck is grown up further, and more particles are merged, and sintered body obtains into one
Step is shunk, nodularization, thus intensity and the hardness of material is prepared in raising.
Above-mentioned powdered metallurgical material is heat-treated；Heat treatment is successively using solid solution, cold pressing deformation and Ageing Treatment；Gu
The temperature of molten process is 650 700 DEG C, and the time is 10 12min, solid solubility in Copper substrate of so controllable nickel, aluminium and
Grain size；Solid solubility temperature is too high, can lead to coarse grains, reduces alloy strength；Solid solubility temperature is too low, though crystal grain is less,
Follow-up Ageing Treatment can be led to be difficult to play the effect of reinforced alloys；The deflection of colding pressing of deformation process of colding pressing is 30 35%；When
Effect before processing carries out cold deformation to alloy, and alloy can be made to assume the double effectses of working hardening and ageing strengthening；At timeliness
The temperature of reason is 300 350 DEG C, and the time is 2 3h；Ageing Treatment can separate out the second phase, produces dispersion-strengtherning.
Then alloyed powder is mixed with liquid, and add metal granulating agent to stir, be configured to metal powder slurry；Again will
Slurry passes through centrifugal spraying granulator or press atomization comminutor and prepares spherical, less, even particle size distribution the 3D of particle diameter
Printing metal dust.
Embodiment 1
1wt % aluminum shot is placed in induction heater, after aluminum shot dissolving, adds 89wt % copper particle and 10wt% nickel shot to carry out melting,
After molten clear after drag for net scum silica frost, obtain aluminium alloy；Aluminium alloy is poured in mould, is immediately placed in cold water together with mould and is cooled to
Room temperature, obtains alloy pig；Then alloy pig is lathed after fines and is pulverized, obtain alloyed powder；Alloyed powder is placed in extruding
In mould, then it is molded by the pressure extrusion that extruder adopts 1000MPa, obtain alloy material, then burnt with 280 DEG C of temperature
Knot 30s, then sinters 60s with 500 DEG C of temperature, then sinters 30s with 650 DEG C of temperature；Subsequently with 650 DEG C of solution treatment 12min；Connect
Deformation process of colding pressing, deflection of colding pressing is 30%；Finally with 300 DEG C of Ageing Treatment 3h；Then by the material after heat treatment and steaming
Distilled water mixes, and material is 2.5 with the mass ratio of distilled water：1, and add 2% metal granulating agent of quality of materials to stir,
It is configured to metal powder slurry；Again slurry is granulated by centrifugal spraying granulator, wherein sponging granulator dry air
Inlet temperature is 250 DEG C, outlet temperature is 100 DEG C, the flow of dry air is 100 Nm3/ h, charging rate are 10kg/h,
The rotating speed of centrifugal spraying granulator is 5,000 8000 revs/min, thus obtaining spherical 3D printing metal dust；This metal powder
The particle size distribution range at end is 52 74nm, and up to 38.6HRC, shear strength is 562.4MPa to hardness, and bulk density is
7.18g/cm3.
Embodiment 2
1.5 wt % aluminum shots are placed in induction heater, after aluminum shot dissolving, add 88.5 wt % copper particles and 10wt% nickel shot to carry out
Melting, after molten clear after drag for net scum silica frost, obtain aluminium alloy；Aluminium alloy is poured in mould, is immediately placed in cold water together with mould
It is cooled to room temperature, obtain alloy pig；Then alloy pig is lathed after fines and is pulverized, obtain alloyed powder；Alloyed powder is put
In extrusion die, then it is molded by the pressure extrusion that extruder adopts 1100MPa, obtain alloy material, then with 300 DEG C
Temperature sinters 25s, then sinters 50s with 560 DEG C of temperature, then sinters 25s with 680 DEG C of temperature；Subsequently with 680 DEG C of solution treatment
11min；Then cold pressing deformation process, deflection of colding pressing is 32%；Finally with 330 DEG C of Ageing Treatment 2.5h；Then after being heat-treated
Material mix with deionized water, and the mass ratio of material and deionized water is 2.8：1, and add 3% metal of quality of materials to make
Granula stirs, and is configured to metal powder slurry；Again slurry is granulated by press atomization comminutor, wherein mist projection granulating
The inlet temperature of machine dry air is 300 DEG C, outlet temperature is 130 DEG C, the flow of dry air is 150 Nm3/ h, charging speed
Spend for 15 kg/h, the pressure of press atomization comminutor is 25kg/ cm2, thus obtaining spherical 3D printing metal dust；Should
The particle size distribution range of metal dust is 50 69nm, and up to 45.1HRC, shear strength is 596.3MPa to hardness, bulk density
For 7.39g/cm3.
Embodiment 3
2 wt % aluminum shots are placed in induction heater, after aluminum shot dissolving, add 88wt % copper particle and 10wt% nickel shot to carry out melting,
After molten clear after drag for net scum silica frost, obtain aluminium alloy；Aluminium alloy is poured in mould, is immediately placed in cold water together with mould and is cooled to
Room temperature, obtains alloy pig；Then alloy pig is lathed after fines and is pulverized, obtain alloyed powder；Alloyed powder is placed in extruding
In mould, then it is molded by the pressure extrusion that extruder adopts 1200MPa, obtain alloy material, then burnt with 320 DEG C of temperature
Knot 20s, then sinters 40s with 600 DEG C of temperature, then sinters 20s with 700 DEG C of temperature；Subsequently with 700 DEG C of solution treatment 10min；Connect
Deformation process of colding pressing, deflection of colding pressing is 35%；Finally with 350 DEG C of Ageing Treatment 2h；Then the material being heat-treated and deionization
Water mixes, and material is 3 with the mass ratio of deionized water：1, and add 4% metal granulating agent of quality of materials to stir, join
Make metal powder slurry；Again slurry is granulated by press atomization comminutor, wherein the entering of sponging granulator dry air
Mouth temperature is 350 DEG C, outlet temperature is 150 DEG C, the flow of dry air is 200 Nm3/ h, charging rate are 20 kg/h, pressure
The pressure of power sponging granulator is 15kg/ cm2, thus obtaining spherical 3D printing metal dust；The particle diameter of this metal dust
Distribution is 56 73nm, and up to 38.9HRC, shear strength is 563.1MPa to hardness, and bulk density is 7.56g/cm3.
The technical scheme above embodiment of the present invention being provided is described in detail, specific case used herein
The principle and embodiment of the embodiment of the present invention is set forth, the explanation of above example is only applicable to help understand this
The principle of inventive embodiments；Simultaneously for one of ordinary skill in the art, according to the embodiment of the present invention, in specific embodiment party
All will change in formula and range of application, in sum, this specification content should not be construed as limitation of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of preparation method of high intensity 3D printing metal material, it comprises the following steps：
（1）Each metal simple-substance is carried out melting, after molten clear after drag for net scum silica frost, obtain aluminium alloy；
（2）Aluminium alloy is poured in mould, is subsequently placed in cold water and is cooled to room temperature, obtain alloy pig；
（3）Alloy pig is lathed after fines and is pulverized, obtain alloyed powder；
（4）Above-mentioned alloyed powder is placed in extrusion die, then passes through extruder extrusion molding, obtain alloy material；
（5）Again above-mentioned alloy material is sintered and is heat-treated；
（6）Then the material after heat treatment is mixed with liquid, and add organic bond to stir, be configured to metal powder pulp
Material；
（7）Again slurry is made spherical 3D printing metal dust by sponging granulator.
2. according to claim 1 high intensity 3D printing metal material preparation method it is characterised in that：Described metal simple-substance
Using aluminum shot, copper particle and nickel shot, the wherein content of nickel is 10wt%, and the content of aluminium is 12 wt %, balance of copper.
3. high intensity 3D printing metal material as claimed in claim 1 preparation method it is characterised in that：Described liquid is using steaming
Distilled water or deionized water, and alloyed powder with the mass ratio of liquid is（2.5—3）：1.
4. high intensity 3D printing metal material as claimed in claim 1 preparation method it is characterised in that：Described organic bond
Using metal granulating agent, its addition is the 2 4% of alloyed powder quality.
5. high intensity 3D printing metal material as claimed in claim 1 preparation method it is characterised in that：Described sponging granulator
Using centrifugal spraying granulator or press atomization comminutor.
6. high intensity 3D printing metal material as claimed in claim 5 preparation method it is characterised in that：Described centrifugal spray is made
The rotating speed of grain machine is 5,000 8000 revs/min, and the pressure of press atomization comminutor is 15 25kg/ cm2.
7. high intensity 3D printing metal material as claimed in claim 5 preparation method it is characterised in that：Described sponging granulator
The inlet temperature of dry air is 250 350 DEG C, outlet temperature is 100 150 DEG C；The flow of dry air is 100 200
Nm3/h；Charging rate is 10 20 kg/h.
8. high intensity 3D printing metal material as claimed in claim 1 preparation method it is characterised in that：Extrusion molding is in protection
Carry out in atmosphere, pressure is 1000 1200MPa.
9. high intensity 3D printing metal material as claimed in claim 1 preparation method it is characterised in that：During sintering, first with
280 320 DEG C of temperature sinters 20 30s, then sinters 40 60s with 500 600 DEG C of temperature, then with 650 700 DEG C of temperature
Degree sintering 20 30s.
10. high intensity 3D printing metal material as claimed in claim 1 preparation method it is characterised in that：Heat treatment is adopted successively
With solid solution, colding pressing deforms and Ageing Treatment, and wherein the temperature of solution treatment is 650 700 DEG C, and the time is 10 12min；Cold pressing
The deflection of colding pressing of deformation process is 30 35%；The temperature of Ageing Treatment is 300 350 DEG C, and the time is 2 3h.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201610863274.2A CN106392087A (en) | 2016-09-29 | 2016-09-29 | Preparation method of high-strength 3D printing metal material |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201610863274.2A CN106392087A (en) | 2016-09-29 | 2016-09-29 | Preparation method of high-strength 3D printing metal material |
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Cited By (1)
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| CN109609831A (en) * | 2019-01-21 | 2019-04-12 | 广西慧思通科技有限公司 | A kind of 3D printing metal material and preparation method thereof |
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| CN109609831A (en) * | 2019-01-21 | 2019-04-12 | 广西慧思通科技有限公司 | A kind of 3D printing metal material and preparation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20170215 |