CN102069172A - Composite casting method of aluminum cooling plate - Google Patents
Composite casting method of aluminum cooling plate Download PDFInfo
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- CN102069172A CN102069172A CN 201110039519 CN201110039519A CN102069172A CN 102069172 A CN102069172 A CN 102069172A CN 201110039519 CN201110039519 CN 201110039519 CN 201110039519 A CN201110039519 A CN 201110039519A CN 102069172 A CN102069172 A CN 102069172A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a composite casting method of an aluminum cooling plate, belonging to the field of metal materials. The composite casting method comprises the following steps: fixing industrial pure aluminum or an aluminum alloy pipe which is used as a cooling liquid passageway in a mold cavity; and then fully filling liquid or semi-solid aluminum alloy melt in the mold cavity and coagulating, so as to prepare the aluminum cooling plate. By using the composite casting method, the problem that when the aluminum alloy is casted in an aluminum tube, a casting is wasted because the aluminum tube is melted and deformed is solved, thereby achieving the near-net forming of the aluminum cooling plate, reducing the consumption of materials for subsequent processing procedures and improving the production efficiency. Because the aluminum tube and an aluminum cooling plate substrate are made of aluminum materials, thereby eliminating an electrochemical corrosion phenomenon; and the aluminum cooling plate can be integrally retrained or recycled, thereby reducing the waste of the material and lowering the production cost. The total density of the casting is the same as that of an aluminum casting, thus the casting can be applied to the fields of aviation, ships and the like which have strict requirements on the weights of parts.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of composite casting method of aluminium coldplate, belong to metal material field, particularly relate to a kind of manufacture method that institutes such as electronic device, electronic module, surface-mounted integrated circuit and circuit, electronic system produce the aluminium coldplate that has cooling passage of heat that removes.
Background technology
Along with development of science and technology, the application of electronic device more and more widely, but electronic device the time can produce a large amount of heats in work, so electronic device needs cooling heat dissipation, in order to avoid thermal accumlation too much shortens its life-span, causes it to work or to lose efficacy.The type of cooling of current main application is liquid cooling and air-cooled, but along with the integrated level of electronic device and module is more and more higher, the caloric value of unit are (or volume) is also increasing, limit by air-cooled intensity of cooling, uses liquid cooling and electronic device etc. is cooled off becomes a kind of development trend.Directly contact caused corrosion of electronic device and short circuit problem for stopping cooling fluid, the method of liquid cooling mostly adopts the coldplate that is provided with cooling passage, electronic devices etc. are fixed on the coldplate by physical connection, circulate in the passage of cooling fluid in coldplate, absorption is given the heat of coldplate from conduction such as electronic devices, thereby is reached for the purpose of coolings such as electronic device.
Coldplate is generally made by heat conductivity good metal material, for example copper, aluminium or their alloy.Because the density (2.7g/cm of aluminium
3) be copper density (8.9g/cm approximately
3) 30%, with respect to copper cooling plate, the aluminium coldplate is to the conditional field of parts weight, fields such as for example space flight, aviation, vehicle, boats and ships, portable equipment have application demand widely.
The cooling passage that is provided with in the aluminium coldplate can adopt method manufacturings such as machining, casting according to requirements such as size, shape, heat conductivilitys.The straight channel of simple shape often adopts machining process to realize, long complex passages crooked, that intermesh then often adopts the casting method manufacturing.
The detailed process of machining manufactured aluminium coldplate is generally: at first, on aluminium alloy plate, process the groove of certain cross sectional shape and cooling liquid inlet is set and outlet, process the cover plate that is complementary with groove then, use the technology of bolt or welding that cover plate is connected with aluminium alloy plate at last, form the cooling passage of sealing.The shortcoming of this method is that the runner sealing reliability is poor, production efficiency is low, material is wasteful, production cost is high.
Casting is made the aluminium coldplate can be subdivided into a material core method again, core method, tubing core method.
Silk material core method is used the steel wire coring usually, and the external coating parting compound forms the pore passage thereby at last the silk material is extracted out from casting aluminium coldplate.But this method is only applicable to the aluminium coldplate of channel diameter little (φ 3mm is following), simple shape, otherwise the silk material can't be extracted from foundry goods after can causing cast form.
The core method is to make core with resin sand, fine sand or clay-bonded sand, thereby after the cast form core removal is formed cooling passage.But this method is only applicable to, and diameter is big slightly, length is short, the cooling duct of simple shape.
Tubing core method is that metal pipe material is bent into required shape, then the tubing embedding is cast in the aluminium coldplate, adopts the method for chemical attack to remove the tubing core after the cast form, forms cooling passage.Generally adopt copper pipe as core for the aluminium coldplate, this is that fusing point can not melt and be out of shape little than aluminium height in the casting cycle owing to the good flexible shaping of copper pipe plasticity, available nitric acid erosion removal after the cast form, and corrosive liquid plays passivation to aluminium and can not corrode the aluminium coldplate.This method can be made the aluminium coldplate of channel shape complexity.Process efficiency is low but this method adopts nitric acid corrosion copper pipe, and can produce a large amount of pernicious gases, contaminated environment, cupric acid solution after the corrosion is handled complicated, and copper pipe must thoroughly be removed, otherwise meeting and alloy matrix aluminum produce electrochemical corrosion, simultaneously, because copper pipe is by acid fluid dissolves, copper material reclaims difficulty.Thereby this method overall manufacturing complex process, long flow path, pollution is big and production cost is high.
At the shortcoming of tubing core method, another kind of aluminium coldplate preparation method is the copper pipe of embedding casting and directly use its passage as cooling fluid in the erosion removal aluminium coldplate not.But, in life cycle, lost efficacy because the electrochemical corrosion between copper and the aluminium easily causes at the aluminium coldplate.And the copper pipe of embedding casting causes the overall weight of aluminium coldplate to increase, and has reduced the lightweight advantage of aluminium coldplate on largely.Simultaneously, because the existence of copper pipe in the aluminium coldplate also causes it to be difficult to melt down remelting and recycling.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the problem that production efficiency is low, material is wasteful, production cost is high in the existing production method, propose a kind of composite casting method of aluminium coldplate.The employing method that fine aluminium or aluminium-alloy pipe (following general designation " aluminum pipe ") are cast in embedding in the aluminium coldplate, can prepare has the aluminium of complicated shape runner coldplate, and this method has advantages such as production efficiency height, good product quality, stock utilization height, low cost of manufacture.
A kind of composite casting method of aluminium coldplate is characterized in that comprising that aluminum pipe prepares shaping, aluminium alloy smelting and semi solid slurry preparation and three steps of composite casting shaping; At first aluminum pipe is made required form and be fixed in the mold cavity, then melted aluminium alloy is maintained liquid state or be prepared into semi-solid state, at last liquid state or semi-solid aluminium alloy melt are poured into mold cavity, make it under gravity or pressure condition, be full of mold cavity and solidify, make the aluminium coldplate.
The shape of cross section of aluminum pipe can be selected circle, ellipse or rectangle etc., to satisfy the heat radiation requirement under the different operating modes.The runner of complicated shape can obtain by technologies such as crooked and welding.In the process of cast form, in aluminum pipe, feed refrigerating gas or liquid as required, and semi-solid aluminium alloy size has lower temperature and latent heat of solidification, can alleviate or eliminate fusing, the metaboly of aluminum pipe in the casting process.
The present invention can realize the near-net-shape of aluminium coldplate, can reduce the consumption of machining processes to material.Aluminum pipe after the cast form need not be removed, and has improved production efficiency.Because aluminum pipe and aluminium cooling plate base body main component are aluminium, be same material, also eliminated the electrochemical corrosion phenomenon.And the aluminium coldplate can integral body melts down or recycles, and reduces the waste of material, has reduced production cost.
The whole technical process of the present invention comprises that the aluminum pipe preparation is shaped, aluminium alloy smelting and semi solid slurry preparation, and three steps of composite casting shaping, as shown in Figure 1:
1) the aluminum pipe preparation is shaped
It is the technical pure aluminum pipe that aluminum pipe can be selected 1XXX for use, also can select the aluminium-alloy pipe of 2XXX-7XXX system for use, 1XXX and 2XXX-7XXX represent that it is the aluminium and the aluminium alloy trade mark of beginning with what mention in aluminium and aluminum alloy extrusion section bar (GB/T 6892-2006) standard with Any Digit in 1 to 7 that aluminium and aluminium alloy draw (rolling) system seamless pipe (GB/T 6893-2000) or general industry.The advantage of pure aluminum tube is that plasticity is easy to bend shaping well, and the fusing point height, is difficult for deforming or melting in follow-up composite casting forming process, but also has the low deficiency of intensity.Aluminium-alloy pipe has the high advantage of intensity, but because the low slightly shaping difficulty that bends of plasticity is higher, and because the solidus of alloy is low than fine aluminium, the tendency height that in follow-up composite casting process, deforms or melt.Therefore, different choice fine aluminium that can be according to demand or other aluminium-alloy pipes are as the cooling passage of embedding casting.
The aluminium coldplate complex-shaped for cooling passage and bending radius is less can pour into low-melting alloy (as Wood's metal, lead etc.) or fine sand earlier before the bend pipe in aluminum pipe, bend after the shaping low-melting alloy or fine sand removed to get final product.If require cooling passage to contain branch, can adopt the method for welding, a plurality of aluminum pipes are linked together.
2) aluminium alloy smelting and semi solid slurry preparation
The matrix material of aluminium coldplate is selected Birmasils such as Al-Si, Al-Cu, Al-Mg and Al-Zn system for use.Aluminium alloy after the melting maintains liquid state or is prepared into semi-solid state, prepares composite casting and is shaped.For the liquid cast aluminum alloy formed, control its cast temperature and be not higher than 50 ℃ of liquidus curves.For composite casting molded aluminum alloy under semi-solid state, require it to have certain semi solid zone (the alloy liquid phase line is higher more than 40 ℃ than solidus), thereby be convenient to prepare semi solid slurry and accurately control its solid rate.Can adopt pulping process such as existing mechanical stirring, electromagnetic agitation to prepare aluminium alloy semi-solid slurry, the semi solid slurry of making is characterized as: the solid phase particles that is uniform-distribution with the certain volume mark in the alloy mother liquor, be the state that solid, liquid coexists mutually, finally control the solid rate (f of semi-solid aluminium alloy size
s) be not higher than 40%.
3) aluminium coldplate composite casting is shaped
The aluminum pipe for preparing is fixed in the mold cavity, then under gravity (as gravitational casting) or pressure (as compression casting, low pressure casting etc.) condition, liquid aluminium alloy or semi-solid aluminium alloy size are full of die cavity, foundry goods is solidification forming under gravity or pressure effect, obtains the aluminium coldplate of embedding cast aluminium cooling tube.
The fusing point height of technical pure aluminum pipe, when its wall thickness is big, in low overheat liquid cast (especially semi-solid casting) process its deform and the tendency that melts low, the aluminum pipe form can be maintained behind the casting solidification, can obtain the second best in quality aluminium coldplate finished product.But for wall thickness thin pure aluminum tube or aluminium-alloy pipe (solidus temperature is lower), in composite casting (especially liquid cast) process, easily temperature distortion or fusing.To this, can be as required, in whole casting process, in aluminum pipe, feed refrigerating gas or liquid cools off aluminum pipe, to alleviate or to eliminate the tendency of its fusing or distortion.
The present invention adopts liquid state or semisolid composite casting forming mode, and aluminum pipe embedding casting at the aluminium coldplate, can be realized near-net-shape, reduces the consumption of following process operation to material, enhances productivity.Characteristics of the present invention are:
1) aluminum pipe has good plasticity, easily welding, can realize that cooling passage has multiple shape of cross section and multiple-limb, complex-shaped aluminium coldplate preparation.Cooling plate base body material and cooling passage material are metal of the same race---aluminium, and electrochemical corrosion does not take place, and the foundry goods total body density is identical with aluminium casting, can be applied to aviation, boats and ships etc. parts weight is required strict field.
2) the present invention adopts the method for liquid composite casting of low overheat or semisolid composite casting, and as required in whole casting process in pipe feeding refrigerating gas or liquid aluminum pipe is cooled off, can effectively alleviate the tendency that aluminum pipe deforms, melts, and the aluminium cooling plate base body even tissue of preparation, tiny.Simultaneously,, can reduce the residual stress of foundry goods and shrinkage cavity, defective such as loose, improve aluminium coldplate quality because there is a part of solid phase particles in semi solid slurry when filling type.
3) the inventive method can be finished the composite casting shaping of aluminium coldplate in the effect of gravity (as gravitational casting) or pressure (as extrusion casint, die casting) down, and with the production of the aluminium coldplate that satisfies the different technologies requirement, the mode of production is various.Accurate control by composite casting technology can realize the metallurgical binding between aluminium coldplate and the aluminum pipe, the good cooling effect of aluminium coldplate.
4) the present invention can realize the near-net-shape of aluminium coldplate, has saved core and has removed operation, reduces the consumption of following process operation to material, can boost productivity, and reduces product cost.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is an aluminium coldplate composite casting technology flow chart;
Fig. 2 is an aluminium plate structure of cooling schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is the metallographic structure of aluminium coldplate.
The Reference numeral implication:
1, aluminium cooling plate base body; 2, aluminum pipe.
?
The specific embodiment
Example 1:
The aluminum pipe trade mark of selecting for use is 1060 commercial-purity aluminiums, and its composition (percentage by weight) is Si:0.15%, Fe:0.18%, and Cu:0.02%, Zn:0.02%, Mn:0.01%, Mg:0.01%, all the other are Al.The aluminum pipe cross section is circular, external diameter 8mm, wall thickness 1mm.Aluminium cooling plate base body material is industrial ZL305 aluminium alloy, and its composition is (percentage by weight) Mg:8.20%, Zn:1.21%, and Ti:0.15%, Fe:0.2%, Si:0.15%, Ni:0.05%, Mn:0.01%, Cu:0.01%, all the other are Al.The liquidus curve of ZL305 alloy is 610 ℃.
Concrete technology is as follows:
1) the aluminum pipe preparation is shaped
With 1060 aluminum pipes shape as required, on pattern, bend shaping.The requirement bending radius needs the aluminum pipe diameter greater than 2 times when bending, to alleviate the wrinkling of aluminum pipe or to break.Bend finish after with 320# sand papering aluminum tube surfaces, and clean aluminum tube surfaces with acetone, remove surperficial grease and corrosion.
2) aluminium alloy smelting
At first crucible is heated to 500 ℃, adds the ZL305 alloy pig then, when smelting temperature reaches 720 ℃ of left and right sides, add C
2Cl
6Carry out refining (addition be alloy liquid gross weight 0.5%), C
2Cl
6Be pressed into aluminum alloy melt bottom and swing gently with bell jar, make thoroughly boiling of aluminum alloy melt.Emerge by the time no longer include bubble in the bell jar, after the skimming ladle scarfing cinder, heat preservation for standby use.
3) composite casting is shaped
Aluminum pipe is fixed in the die cavity of furane resins sand mo(u)ld, outer and the compressed air hose on the termination therein of mold is stretched out at the aluminum pipe two ends, aluminum alloy melt is cooled to 650 ℃, open air pressure switch, make compressed air pass through aluminum pipe (pressure is about 0.5MPa), adopt the pony ladle Sheng to get a certain amount of alloy liquid and pour in the mold cavity.Aluminum alloy melt is full of whole die cavity and cooled and solidified under the gravity effect, make the aluminium coldplate.
By the check of methods such as ventilation and radioscopy, this aluminium coldplate does not have casting flaws such as loose or shrinkage cavity, and the interior aluminum pipe of foundry goods is kept perfectly, is out of shape little, and aluminum pipe combines well with the aluminium cooling plate base body.
Example 2:
The selected aluminum pipe trade mark is 6061, and its composition (percentage by weight) is Mg:1.1%, Si:0.62%, and Fe:0.65%, Cu:0.29%, Mn:0.13%, Zn:0.22%, Cr:0.10%, Ti:0.15%, all the other are Al.The aluminum pipe cross section is circular, external diameter 6mm, wall thickness 1mm.Aluminium cooling plate base body material is industrial ZL101A aluminium alloy, and its composition is (percentage by weight) Si:6.93%, Mg:0.38%, and Ti:0.15%, Fe:0.17%, Ni:0.05%, Zn:0.01%, Cu:0.01%, Mn:0.01%, Sn:0.01%, all the other are Al.The liquidus curve of ZL101A alloy and solidus temperature are respectively 615 ℃ and 560 ℃.
Concrete technology is as follows:
1) the aluminum pipe preparation is shaped
Aluminum pipe is preheated to 100 ℃ in resistance furnace, treat that (its composition percentage by weight is Bi:50% to Wood's metal, Pb:25%, Sn:12.5%, Cd:12.5%) in 100 ℃ water bath the fusing after, Wood's metal is filled in the aluminum pipe, treat that it is full of whole aluminum pipe and solidifies after, on crooked pattern, aluminum pipe is bent into required shape.The requirement bending radius needs the aluminum pipe diameter greater than 2 times when bending, to alleviate the wrinkling of aluminum pipe or to break.Bend the aluminum pipe of using after finishing being shaped and place in the tank of boiling, Wood's metal is flowed out in aluminum pipe with liquid state.Treat to use 320# sand papering aluminum tube surfaces after the aluminum pipe drying, and clean aluminum tube surfaces, remove surperficial grease and corrosion with acetone.
2) aluminium alloy semi-solid slurry preparation
At first crucible is heated to 500 ℃, adds the ZL101A alloy pig then, when smelting temperature reaches 720 ℃ of left and right sides, add C
2Cl
6Carry out refining (addition be alloy liquid gross weight 0.5%), C
2Cl
6Be pressed into aluminum alloy melt bottom and swing gently with bell jar, make thoroughly boiling of aluminum alloy melt.Emerge by the time no longer include bubble in the bell jar, clean with the skimming ladle scarfing cinder.When treating that alloy liquid is cooled to 630 ℃, alloy liquid is put in the ready-made stay-warm case together with crucible, with the driven by motor graphite rod alloy liquid is carried out mechanical agitation, and the temperature that makes aluminum alloy melt is progressively reduced to 595 ℃, promptly be lower than 20 ℃ of aluminium alloy liquidus temperatures, contain 30% the solid phase particles of having an appointment this moment in the alloy liquid, be semi-solid state.
3) composite casting is shaped
Aluminum pipe is put into the die casting die cavity, be provided with the fixedly projection and the groove of aluminum pipe in the mould, behind the dynamic and static mould mould assembly of compression mod, aluminum pipe promptly is positioned.The semi solid slurry of a certain amount of ZL101A is poured into die casting machine material cup, finish under the effect of injection punch head and fill type, foundry goods solidifies under pressure, makes the aluminium coldplate.The drift speed of casting forming is about 2m/s, and injection ratio pressure is about 40MPa.Implement this method in the die casting mode and can make pure aluminum tube and alloy matrix aluminum, eliminate shrinkage cavity, defective such as loose, can realize shaping than the aluminium coldplate of complex appearance in conjunction with tightr.Aluminium coldplate microscopic structure is seen accompanying drawing 3, thick dendrite do not occur in the aluminium coldplate that this method is produced as can be seen, and nascent solid phase pattern mostly is spherical, and size has improved the intensity and the toughness of aluminium coldplate below 100 μ m.
By the check of methods such as ventilation and radioscopy, this aluminium coldplate does not have casting flaws such as loose or shrinkage cavity, and the interior aluminum pipe of foundry goods is kept perfectly, is out of shape little, and aluminum pipe combines well with the aluminium cooling plate base body.
Although list and illustrated preferred embodiment here in detail, but those skilled in the art as can be known, can under the situation that does not break away from marrow of the present invention, carry out various improvement, interpolation, replacement etc., within the scope of the present invention that these contents all considered to be in claim and limited.
Claims (9)
1. the composite casting method of an aluminium coldplate, it is characterized in that comprising that aluminum pipe prepares shaping, aluminium alloy smelting and semi solid slurry preparation and composite casting three steps that are shaped: at first aluminum pipe is made required form and be fixed in the mold cavity, then melted aluminium alloy is maintained liquid state or be prepared into semi-solid state, at last liquid state or semi-solid aluminium alloy melt are poured into mold cavity, make it under gravity or pressure condition, be full of mold cavity and solidify, make the aluminium coldplate.
2. the composite casting method of aluminium coldplate according to claim 1 is characterized in that according to the requirement under the different operating modes of aluminium coldplate, is the aluminium-alloy pipe of 1XXX Series Industrial pure aluminum tube or 2XXX-7XXX system as the aluminum pipe of aluminium coldplate cooling passage.
3. the composite casting method of aluminium coldplate according to claim 1 is characterized in that according to the requirement under the different operating modes of aluminium coldplate, selects circular, ellipse or rectangle as the shape of cross section of the aluminum pipe of aluminium coldplate cooling passage.
4. the composite casting method of aluminium coldplate according to claim 1 is characterized in that aluminium cooling plate base body material is a Birmasil, comprises that Al-Si, Al-Cu, Al-Mg and Al-Zn are Birmasil; And when using the semisolid composite casting method to prepare the aluminium coldplate, require used Birmasil liquidus curve higher more than 40 ℃ than solidus.
5. the composite casting method of aluminium coldplate according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the aluminum pipe in the aluminium coldplate is the snakelike of straight line or bending, or adopt the method for welding, and a plurality of aluminum pipes are linked together, realize the preparation of complicated shape, multiple-limb runner aluminum pipe.
6. the composite casting method of aluminium coldplate according to claim 1 is characterized in that the cast temperature of aluminium alloy melt is not higher than 50 ℃ of its liquidus curves when using liquid aluminium alloy melt composite casting shaping aluminium coldplate.
7. the composite casting method of aluminium coldplate according to claim 1 is characterized in that the solid rate of semi-solid aluminium alloy size is not more than 40% when using semi-solid aluminium alloy melt composite casting shaping aluminium coldplate.
8. the composite casting method of aluminium coldplate according to claim 1 is characterized in that being chosen under gravity or the pressure condition, and liquid state or semi-solid aluminium alloy melt are full of die cavity, and foundry goods is solidification forming under gravity or pressure effect, obtains the aluminium coldplate.
9. the composite casting method of aluminium coldplate according to claim 1 is characterized in that in the composite casting forming process of aluminium coldplate, feeds refrigerating gas or liquid in aluminum pipe, aluminum pipe is cooled off, to alleviate or to eliminate its distortion or melt tendency.
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