CN106392067A - Selective laser fusing equipment based on wet-process powder spreading and printing process thereof - Google Patents

Selective laser fusing equipment based on wet-process powder spreading and printing process thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106392067A
CN106392067A CN201610125090.6A CN201610125090A CN106392067A CN 106392067 A CN106392067 A CN 106392067A CN 201610125090 A CN201610125090 A CN 201610125090A CN 106392067 A CN106392067 A CN 106392067A
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selective laser
wet method
slip
powder
tank
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CN201610125090.6A
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CN106392067B (en
Inventor
鄢永高
毛宇
唐新峰
苏贤礼
陈天乐
吴克平
吴林春
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Wuhan University of Technology WUT
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Wuhan University of Technology WUT
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30—Process control
    • B22F10/32—Process control of the atmosphere, e.g. composition or pressure in a building chamber
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/70—Gas flow means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/30—Platforms or substrates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/50—Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/60—Planarisation devices; Compression devices
    • B22F12/67—Blades
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides selective laser fusing equipment based on wet-process powder spreading and a printing process thereof. The equipment mainly consists of a forming cavity, a material storage tank, a gas pressure pulse generating device and a gas circulating device. The printing process comprises the following steps of: (1) slurry preparation; (2) slurry storage; (3) slurry supply; (4) feeding and powder spreading; (5) slurry drying; and (6) laser processing. According to the selective laser fusing equipment and the printing process thereof provided by the invention, the technical problem that powder cannot be used for a selective laser sintering or fusing process due to poor fluidity is solved, equipment requirements of the preparation process for powder are greatly simplified, and integral preparation cost for selective laser sintering or fusing is reduced.

Description

Selective laser fusion apparatus based on wet method powdering and its printing technology
Technical field
A kind of the present invention relates to belong to metal 3D printing technique and apparatus field, more particularly, it relates to base Selective laser fusion apparatus in wet method powdering.
Background technology
Existing metal 3D printing generally adopt selective laser fusion technology, that is, adopt laser to powder bed by Layer scanning melting specific region simultaneously makes each layer connect and obtain final block materials.During this technology powdering Powder body is required to have preferable mobility to obtain smooth powder bed surface and initial powder bulk density.Typically For, technological requirement material powder natural packing is less than 38 ° angle of repose, and its mean diameter is at 30～40 μm Between.The raw metal powder being presently used for selective laser smelting process generally adopts aeroponics preparation The preferable powder body of sphericity.The requirement to equipment for the aeroponics is higher, significantly increases the complexity of technique And cost.In addition, for precious metal, being also easily introduced impurity using aeroponics and cause significant loss.
Content of the invention
The present invention is to solve existing commercialization selective laser smelting process and its equipment material powder is required Higher problem, existing powdering mode is changed to wet method powdering by dry method powdering, will make slip by powder body To increase mobility during powdering for the powder body, purge quickly by slip in conjunction with heating and recyclegas Disperse medium is dried and removes, it is possible to obtain the good fine and close powder bed of flatness.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is：Construct a kind of choosing based on wet method powdering Selecting property lf equipment, including forming cavity, storage tank, pneumatic pressure pulses generating meanss and gas-recycling plant；
It is provided with powder-scraping device, feeding tank and substrate, molding top of chamber is provided with laser and enters inside described forming cavity Penetrate window, forming cavity side wall is provided with air inlet and air outlet, interior outside charging interface and the arteries and veins of recyclegas Stamping press interface, powder-scraping device is fixed on molding top of chamber；Described powder-scraping device include electric linear guide rail and Scraper, motorized rails drive scraper to make straight reciprocating motion in substrate surface；
The discharging opening of described storage tank is connected with charging interface outside molding cavity wall, and charging inside molding cavity wall connects Mouth is connected with feeding tank side feed opening；
Described pneumatic pressure pulses generating meanss include intake interface and interface of giving vent to anger, and give vent to anger outside interface and molding cavity wall Lateral vein stamping press interface connects, and inside molding cavity wall, pulsating pressure interface is connected with feeding tank side air inlet；
Described gas-recycling plant includes filter cavity, includes air inlet and air-out outside filter chamber body wall Mouthful, it is connected with forming cavity air outlet and air inlet respectively.
In such scheme, described substrate can vertically move.
In such scheme, described feeding tank is vertically fixed on scraper side, and feeding tank top is provided with agitating device, There are air inlet and charging aperture in side, and bottom is provided with array of orifices.
In such scheme, in described filter cavity, it is provided with drying layer, multilamellar bisque filter layer and circulating fan.
In such scheme, described circulating fan is connected with controller of fan.
In such scheme, described storing tank top is additionally provided with agitating device, air inlet, gas outlet and pressure gauge.
Present invention also offers the selective laser based on wet method powdering described in a kind of employing claim melts Melt the printing technology of equipment, comprise the following steps：
(1) slurry preparation；Weigh liquid phase dispersion medium and pour in storage tank with powder body, the wherein grain of powder body In 100nm～50 μm, solid concentration controls 5～60% in footpath；
(2) slip stirring degassing；After slip transfers to storage tank, gas in tank is entered using noble gases Row purging displacement, timing agitation prevents slip from settling；
(3) slip supply；Slip in storage tank is incorporated into forming cavity by pressure in the case of stirring In interior feeding tank；
(4) feeding powdering；The pressure of setting pneumatic pressure pulses generating meanss and burst length, will be a certain amount of Slip sprays from feeding pot bottom array of orifices, deposits on the substrate below feeding tank, using scraper Powdering obtains uniform thin layer slip in substrate surface；
(5) slip is dried；Substrate temperature controls 5～50 DEG C below the boiling point of disperse medium, disperse medium Quick volatilization removes, and disperse medium is rapidly absorbed removal after the drying layer in gas-circulating system.
(6) laser treatment；Laser scanning melting is carried out according to set path to powder, obtains monolayer fine and close Block；
(7) repeat above (4)～(6) step to terminate until printing.
In such scheme, the agitator speed in described storage tank is adjustable, in tank for 5～5000 revs/min Working gas is noble gases, and the pressure of working gas is 0.01～0.5MPa.
In such scheme, described noble gases are argon or nitrogen.
In such scheme, described disperse medium is water, ethanol or acetone.
Implement the selective laser fusion apparatus based on wet method powdering of the present invention, have the advantages that：
1st, the present invention is solved powder body and is not used to selective laser sintering or melting work due to poor fluidity The technical barrier of skill, enormously simplify the preparation technology equipment requirements of powder body, reduces selective laser sintering Or the overall preparation cost of melting.
2nd, greatly simplify the preparation technology of powder body：Combined using ball-milling method and simply sieve what process obtained Powder body need not any subsequent treatment can be used in this equipment；
3rd, expand the species of the powder body that can be used for selective laser melting：Make some cannot adopt aeroponics The powder body that acquisition is satisfied with mobile performance also can obtain 3D printing structure using this technique；
Brief description
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the invention will be further described, in accompanying drawing：
Fig. 1 is forming cavity structural representation in the present invention；
Fig. 2 is storage tank structural representation in the present invention；
Fig. 3 is gas pressure pulse generating meanss structural representation in the present invention；
Fig. 4 is gas-circulating system structural representation in the present invention.
Specific embodiment
In order to be more clearly understood to the technical characteristic of the present invention, purpose and effect, now comparison accompanying drawing is detailed Describe the specific embodiment of the bright present invention in detail.
The present invention includes forming cavity, storage tank, air pressure based on the selective laser fusion apparatus of wet method powdering Pulse generating units and gas-recycling plant.
As shown in Figure 1, forming cavity surrounds a sealing interval by the cavity wall 1 of vacuum, and powder is scraped in internal inclusion Device, feeding tank 4 and substrate 3.Molding top of chamber has a laser light incident window 8, and forming cavity side wall is arranged There are recyclegas air inlet 3 and air outlet 15, cavity wall includes interior outside charging interface 7 and pulse pressure Power interface 8.Powder-scraping device is fixed on molding top of chamber, including electric linear guide rail 11 and scraper 14, electricity Dynamic line slideway 11 and scraper 14 connect and drive scraper 14 to make straight reciprocating motion on substrate 3 surface. Feeding tank 4 is vertically fixed on scraper 14 side, and its top is provided with agitating device, and agitating device includes stirring Motor 12 and puddler 13.There are air inlet and charging aperture in feeding tank 4 side, and bottom is provided with an array of orifices, Above substrate 3.Substrate 3 can vertically move, and the temperature-controllable of substrate 3.
As shown in Figure 2, storage tank is surrounded by tank body 121 and top cover 123 and forms, and top cover is provided with stirring dress Put, air inlet 127, gas outlet 124 and pressure gauge 126.Side bottom is provided with discharging opening 128, storing Tank discharging opening 128 passes through charging interface 7 outside flexible pipe and molding cavity wall and connects, and charging inside molding cavity wall connects Mouth again by hose connection to feeding tank side feed opening 5.Agitating device includes motor 125 and agitator 122, motor 125 drives agitator 122 to rotate.
As shown in Figure 3, pneumatic pressure pulses generating meanss include gas pressure pulse apparatus main body 131, air inlet Interface 133 and interface 132 of giving vent to anger.Interface 132 of giving vent to anger is connect by pulsating pressure outside flexible pipe and molding cavity wall Mouthfuls 8 connections, inside molding cavity wall pulsating pressure interface again by hose connection to becoming feeding tank side air inlet 6.
As shown in Figure 4, gas-recycling plant includes filter cavity 141 and controller of fan.Filter cavity From top to bottom include drying layer 147, PET filter layer 146, PP filter layer 145, active C filter layer 144 With circulating fan 143, filter chamber body wall top has circulates air inlet 148, and there is circulation air outlet 142 side, Connect 2 with forming cavity air outlet 13 and air inlet respectively.The start and stop of controller of fan major control blower fan and Rotating speed, in figure and be not drawn into.In addition, forming cavity gentle body circulation cavity all includes a hinge door, make chamber Body internal medium and atmospheric isolation, in figure and be not drawn into.
Prepare Bi with reference to this equipment2Te3Thermoelectric material block explanation lf equipment using method and work Skill flow process：
Weigh a certain proportion of liquid phase dispersion medium and pour in storage tank with powder body, the wherein mean diameter of powder body At 30 μm, solid concentration controls 35%.After setting 150 rpms of stirrings of speed of agitator 15 minutes, By gas in tank, using Ar, it carries out purging displacement, prevents within 1 minute slip from settling every stirring in 30 minutes. Slip in storage tank is incorporated into, by 0.05MPa pressure, the feeding tank shaping intracavity in the case of stirring In.The pressure of setting pneumatic pressure pulses generating meanss is 0.06MPa, and the burst length is 10ms, will be a certain amount of Slip spray from feeding pot bottom array of orifices, deposit on the substrate below feeding tank, using scraping Knife powdering obtains uniform thin layer slip in substrate surface.Substrate temperature controls at 70 DEG C, the water in slip Quick volatilization is divided to remove, water vapour passes through the drying layer CaCl in gas-circulating system2After be rapidly absorbed Remove, dry gas are again by circulation injection cavity.Laser scanning melting is carried out to powder according to set path, Obtain monolayer compact block.Repeat above powdering and printing step to terminate until printing.
Above in conjunction with accompanying drawing, embodiments of the invention are described, but the invention is not limited in above-mentioned Specific embodiment, above-mentioned specific embodiment is only schematically, rather than restricted, this The those of ordinary skill in field, under the enlightenment of the present invention, is being protected without departing from present inventive concept and claim Under the ambit of shield, also can make a lot of forms, these belong within the protection of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of selective laser fusion apparatus based on wet method powdering it is characterised in that include forming cavity, Storage tank, pneumatic pressure pulses generating meanss and gas-recycling plant；
It is provided with powder-scraping device, feeding tank and substrate, molding top of chamber is provided with laser and enters inside described forming cavity Penetrate window, forming cavity side wall is provided with air inlet and air outlet, interior outside charging interface and the arteries and veins of recyclegas Stamping press interface, powder-scraping device is fixed on molding top of chamber；Described powder-scraping device include electric linear guide rail and Scraper, motorized rails drive scraper to make straight reciprocating motion in substrate surface；
The discharging opening of described storage tank is connected with charging interface outside molding cavity wall, and charging inside molding cavity wall connects Mouth is connected with feeding tank side feed opening；
Described pneumatic pressure pulses generating meanss include intake interface and interface of giving vent to anger, and give vent to anger outside interface and molding cavity wall Lateral vein stamping press interface connects, and inside molding cavity wall, pulsating pressure interface is connected with feeding tank side air inlet；
Described gas-recycling plant includes filter cavity, includes air inlet and air-out outside filter chamber body wall Mouthful, it is connected with forming cavity air outlet and air inlet respectively.
2. the selective laser fusion apparatus based on wet method powdering according to claim 1, its feature It is, described substrate can vertically move.
3. the selective laser fusion apparatus based on wet method powdering according to claim 2, its feature Be, described feeding tank is vertically fixed on scraper side, feeding tank top is provided with agitating device, side have into QI KOU and charging aperture, bottom is provided with array of orifices.
4. the selective laser fusion apparatus based on wet method powdering according to claim 1, its feature It is, in described filter cavity, be provided with drying layer, multilamellar bisque filter layer and circulating fan.
5. the selective laser fusion apparatus based on wet method powdering according to claim 4, its feature It is, described circulating fan is connected with controller of fan.
6. the selective laser fusion apparatus based on wet method powdering according to claim 1, its feature It is, described storing tank top is additionally provided with agitating device, air inlet, gas outlet and pressure gauge.
7. the selective laser based on wet method powdering described in a kind of employing claim 1-6 any one melts Melt the printing technology of equipment it is characterised in that comprising the following steps：
(1) slurry preparation；Weigh liquid phase dispersion medium and pour in storage tank with powder body, the wherein grain of powder body In 100nm～50 μm, solid concentration controls 5～60% in footpath；
(2) slip stirring degassing；After slip transfers to storage tank, gas in tank is entered using noble gases Row purging displacement, timing agitation prevents slip from settling；
(3) slip supply；Slip in storage tank is incorporated into forming cavity by pressure in the case of stirring In interior feeding tank；
(4) feeding powdering；The pressure of setting pneumatic pressure pulses generating meanss and burst length, will be a certain amount of Slip sprays from feeding pot bottom array of orifices, deposits on the substrate below feeding tank, using scraper Powdering obtains uniform thin layer slip in substrate surface；
(5) slip is dried；Substrate temperature controls 5～50 DEG C below the boiling point of disperse medium, disperse medium Quick volatilization removes, and disperse medium is rapidly absorbed removal after the drying layer in gas-circulating system.
(6) laser treatment；Laser scanning melting is carried out according to set path to powder, obtains monolayer fine and close Block；
(7) repeat above (4)～(6) step to terminate until printing.
8. the printing work of the selective laser fusion apparatus based on wet method powdering according to claim 7 Skill is it is characterised in that the agitator speed in described storage tank is 5～5000 revs/min of adjustable, works in tank Making gas is noble gases, and the pressure of working gas is 0.01～0.5MPa.
9. the printing work of the selective laser fusion apparatus based on wet method powdering according to claim 8 Skill is it is characterised in that described noble gases are argon or nitrogen.
10. the printing work of the selective laser fusion apparatus based on wet method powdering according to claim 7 Skill is it is characterised in that described disperse medium is water, ethanol or acetone.
CN201610125090.6A 2016-03-06 2016-03-06 Selective laser fusion apparatus and its printing technology based on wet process powdering Active CN106392067B (en)

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Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107225245A (en) * 2017-07-25 2017-10-03 南华大学 Metal dust 3D laser formations power spreading device and forming method
CN108188399A (en) * 2017-12-20 2018-06-22 中北大学 A kind of selective laser melting shapes feeding device
CN109647309A (en) * 2018-08-10 2019-04-19 嘉兴立新材料有限公司 A kind of bearing wear-resistant material device
CN109647316A (en) * 2018-08-10 2019-04-19 嘉兴立新材料有限公司 A kind of wear-resisting mixing copper powder device of bearing
CN109647302A (en) * 2018-08-10 2019-04-19 嘉兴立新材料有限公司 A kind of device for the wear-resisting mixing copper powder of bearing
CN109909501A (en) * 2019-03-15 2019-06-21 沈阳工业大学 A kind of powder feeder and powder delivery method that simultaneously pre-heating powder can be dried based on laser gain material manufacture
CN110893459A (en) * 2018-08-24 2020-03-20 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 Spreadable powder slurry for additive manufacturing
JP2022028322A (en) * 2020-08-03 2022-02-16 株式会社日立製作所 Additive manufacturing method
CN114535601A (en) * 2022-01-24 2022-05-27 武汉理工大学 Scraping-free method for printing thermoelectric material by selective laser melting process and scraping-free method for taking thermoelectric powder as printing raw material

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Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107225245A (en) * 2017-07-25 2017-10-03 南华大学 Metal dust 3D laser formations power spreading device and forming method
CN107225245B (en) * 2017-07-25 2023-02-10 南华大学 Metal powder 3D laser forming powder laying device and forming method
CN108188399A (en) * 2017-12-20 2018-06-22 中北大学 A kind of selective laser melting shapes feeding device
CN109647309A (en) * 2018-08-10 2019-04-19 嘉兴立新材料有限公司 A kind of bearing wear-resistant material device
CN109647316A (en) * 2018-08-10 2019-04-19 嘉兴立新材料有限公司 A kind of wear-resisting mixing copper powder device of bearing
CN109647302A (en) * 2018-08-10 2019-04-19 嘉兴立新材料有限公司 A kind of device for the wear-resisting mixing copper powder of bearing
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CN109909501A (en) * 2019-03-15 2019-06-21 沈阳工业大学 A kind of powder feeder and powder delivery method that simultaneously pre-heating powder can be dried based on laser gain material manufacture
JP2022028322A (en) * 2020-08-03 2022-02-16 株式会社日立製作所 Additive manufacturing method
JP7394032B2 (en) 2020-08-03 2023-12-07 株式会社日立製作所 additive manufacturing methods
CN114535601A (en) * 2022-01-24 2022-05-27 武汉理工大学 Scraping-free method for printing thermoelectric material by selective laser melting process and scraping-free method for taking thermoelectric powder as printing raw material
CN114535601B (en) * 2022-01-24 2024-05-14 武汉理工大学 Scratch-free method for printing thermoelectric material by laser selective melting process and scratch-free method for using thermoelectric powder as printing raw material

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