CN106390743A - Counter-current forced mixing ammonia spraying apparatus - Google Patents
Counter-current forced mixing ammonia spraying apparatus Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN106390743A CN106390743A CN201610893257.3A CN201610893257A CN106390743A CN 106390743 A CN106390743 A CN 106390743A CN 201610893257 A CN201610893257 A CN 201610893257A CN 106390743 A CN106390743 A CN 106390743A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- ammonia
- strengthening mixing
- reverse
- flow
- nozzle
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 claims description 54
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 18
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000003500 flue dust Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019504 cigarettes Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000006508 Nelumbo nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000002853 Nelumbo nucifera Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000006510 Nelumbo pentapetala Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011900 installation process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000989 no adverse effect Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/8621—Removing nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/8625—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/8631—Processes characterised by a specific device
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/90—Injecting reactants
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a counter-current forced mixing ammonia spraying apparatus, comprising a forced mixing dustproof plate, a support, nozzles, ammonia spray grid branch pipes, an ammonia spray grid main pipe and feed pipes; the nozzles are arranged on the ammonia spray grid branch pipes, and the ammonia spray grid branch pipes are connected to the feed pipes through the ammonia spray grid main pipe; the nozzles are opposite to the flowing direction of smoke; the forced mixing dustproof plate is arranged 40-60 mm before the nozzles through the support and is less than the nozzles in area. The counter-current forced mixing ammonia spraying apparatus has the advantages that counter-current forced mixing provides improved mixing uniformity of a reducing agent and smoke, the apparatus is simple and highly reliable, the dustproof mode is reasonable, ash blocking of the nozzles is avoided, investment cost is low, and no adverse influence is caused to a denitration system.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to mixing ammonia-gas spraying device, it is related to a kind of reverse-flow strengthening mixing ammonia-gas spraying device.
Background technology
The minimum discharge transformation of coal unit is main to include desulphurization and denitration, dedusting transformation, to the sulfur dioxide in flue gas,
Nitrogen oxides, flue dust are removed.Minimum discharge denitrating flue gas mainly adopt SCR (SCR) technology, and ammonia etc. is also
Former dose is injected in flue, under Benitration reactor catalyst action, carries out selective catalysis with the nitrogen oxides in flue gas
Reduction reaction, efficient removal nitrogen oxides.
Traditional SCR technology mainly injects reductant in flue using ammonia-spraying grid mode, reducing agent injection direction
Consistent with flow of flue gas direction.There is many deficiencies in traditional following current spray ammonia mode：1) adopt reducing agent flue gas co-flow side
The mixing of formula, reducing agent and nitrogen oxides relies primarily on concentration difference and carries out gas diffusion, and mixed effect is poor, higher to obtain
Mixing homogeneity, need longer incorporation time, increased the length of flue, lead to cost of investment to increase.2) using reduction
Agent flue gas co-flow mode, to reduce gas diffusion incorporation time, then need to add static mixing device in flue, be used for
Strengthening disturbance flue gas is flowed with reducing agent, mixes, and adds the resistance that static mixing device increases flue gas system, lead in flue
Fan Selection increases, and increased investment and the operating cost of equipment.3) adopt reducing agent flue gas co-flow mode, when unit is born
Lotus is relatively low, and when flue gas flow rate is relatively low, or reducing agent injection zone local flue gas flow rate is relatively low, causes the flue dust in flue gas to settle,
The spray-hole of blocking ammonia-spraying grid.
With country, the increasingly stringent requiring, the direct shadow of ammonia-gas spraying device reliability of coal unit are administered to atmosphere pollution
Ring continuously normally running to denitrating system.For above-mentioned deficiency, we develop and devise reverse-flow strengthening mixing
Ammonia-gas spraying device, in the case of lower cost, can efficiently solve relevant issues.
Content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcoming prior art not enough, provide a kind of rational in infrastructure, reverse-flow strengthening of low cost
Mixing ammonia-gas spraying device.
For achieving the above object, present invention employs technical scheme below：
Reverse-flow strengthening mixing ammonia-gas spraying device, including strengthening mixing dust excluding plate, support, nozzle, ammonia-spraying grid arm, spray ammonia
Grid main pipe and feed pipe；On ammonia-spraying grid arm, ammonia-spraying grid arm is connected to described nozzle by ammonia-spraying grid main pipe
Feed pipe；Described nozzle is relative with flow of flue gas direction；Strengthening mixing dust excluding plate is set up in 40～60mm in front of nozzle by propping up
Place, the area of strengthening mixing dust excluding plate is not less than the area of nozzle.
As preferred：Described strengthening mixing dust excluding plate is set up at 50mm in front of nozzle by propping up.
As preferred：The area of described strengthening mixing dust excluding plate is four times of nozzle opening area.
As preferred：Described strengthening mixing dust excluding plate is square, circular or star.
As preferred：Described ammonia-spraying grid arm is many of parallel uniform arrangement, is distributed on SCR denitration reactor upstream
In flue and perpendicular to flue gas direction.
As preferred：Described ammonia-spraying grid main pipe is many of parallel uniform arrangement and perpendicular with ammonia-spraying grid arm.
As preferred：Described support is just right with ammonia-spraying grid arm.
As preferred：Described ammonia-spraying grid arm is in the flue of SCR denitration reactor upstream.
As preferred：Described support is fixed at flue lining bar.
As preferred：Described nozzle is distributed on ammonia-spraying grid arm.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows：
1) reverse-flow strengthening mixing, improves the mixing homogeneity of reducing agent and flue gas
It is gas that reverse-flow strengthening mixing ammonia-gas spraying device can effectively make up conventional concurrent formula ammonia-gas spraying device reducing agent with flue gas
Bulk diffusion principle, incorporation time is long, the imperfect shortcoming of uniformity.By reverse strengthening mixing, and mixing can strengthened
Improve mixing uniformity further under the flow-disturbing effect of dust excluding plate.
Shared by strengthening mixing dust excluding plate, the projection ratio of flue cross section is less, increases resistance and is negligible, existing
Strengthening reducing agent is mixed with flue gas, plays the role of uniform air-flow again.
2) device is simple, and reliability is high
This device adopts reverse-flow-strengthening mixing dust-proof spray ammonia pattern, and nozzle reducing agent out is forced flow-disturbing and cigarette
Gas mixes, and prevents flue dust from directly rushing at nozzle simultaneously.In flue, the arrangement of ammonia-spraying grid and strengthening mixing dust excluding plate can be in conjunction with cigarette
The structures such as road liner bar are installed and are fixed, and need not increase extra internal support it is adaptable to all kinds of flue form.
3) dust-tight manner is reasonable, it is to avoid analysis nozzle blocks up ash
Using strengthening mixing dust excluding plate, jet expansion stops that flue dust enters nozzle, make full use of physicss' principle of inertia, greatly
Due to impinging upon the strengthening mixing static whereabouts of dust excluding plate, it is mixed that little particle flue dust bypasses strengthening in effect of inertia with air-flow to granule flue dust
Close dust excluding plate, mix the reducing agent mixing of dust excluding plate side with strengthening, directly will not rush at nozzle, significantly reduce stifled ash feelings
The generation of condition.
4) investment cost is few, and denitrating system is had no adverse effect
Device is mainly conventional material with material it is easy to buying, advantageously reduces cost.Will not be to former in installation process
Equipment causes to damage, in-site installation low cost.
Brief description
Fig. 1 is facade layout drawing of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is strengthening mixing dust excluding plate layout drawing；
Fig. 3 is arrangement of nozzles figure
Description of reference numerals：Strengthening mixing dust excluding plate 1, support 2, nozzle 3, ammonia-spraying grid arm 4, ammonia-spraying grid main pipe 5,
Feed pipe 6.
Specific embodiment
With reference to embodiment, the present invention is described further.The explanation of following embodiments is only intended to help understand this
Invention.It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, also
The present invention can be carried out with some improvement and modify, these improve and modify the protection domain also falling into the claims in the present invention
Interior.
As shown in Figure 1 to Figure 3, the reverse-flow strengthening mixing ammonia-gas spraying device of the present embodiment, including strengthening mixing dust excluding plate 1,
Support 2, nozzle 3, ammonia-spraying grid arm 4, ammonia-spraying grid main pipe 5 and feed pipe 6；Described nozzle 3 is located at ammonia-spraying grid arm 4
On, ammonia-spraying grid arm 4 is connected to feed pipe 6 by ammonia-spraying grid main pipe 5；Described nozzle 3 is relative with flow of flue gas direction；Strengthening
Mixing dust excluding plate 1 passes through support 2 at nozzle 3 front 50mm.The area of described strengthening mixing dust excluding plate 1 is nozzle 3 opening
Four times of area.Described strengthening mixing dust excluding plate 1 is square.Described ammonia-spraying grid arm 4 is many of parallel uniform arrangement,
It is distributed in the flue of SCR denitration reactor upstream and perpendicular to flue gas direction.Described ammonia-spraying grid main pipe 5 is parallel uniform arrangement
Many and perpendicular with ammonia-spraying grid arm 4.Described support 2 is just right with ammonia-spraying grid arm 4.Described ammonia-spraying grid arm 4
In the flue of SCR denitration reactor upstream.Described support 2 is fixed at flue lining bar.Described nozzle 3 is distributed in spray ammonia lattice
On grid arm 4.
Reverse-flow strengthening mixing ammonia-gas spraying device is arranged in the flue of SCR denitration reactor upstream.Reducing agent is from ammonia-spraying grid
Nozzle 3 sprays, in opposite direction with flow of flue gas, by mixing to flow disturbance, the mixing of strengthening reducing agent and nitrogen oxides, improves
Mixing homogeneity.
Reverse-flow strengthening mixing ammonia-gas spraying device is mainly made up of ammonia-spraying grid, dust-proof strengthening mixed plate 1 etc., can extensively pacify
It is contained in SCR denitration system.Ammonia-spraying grid main pipe 5 is transported to by feed pipe 6 using the reducing agent after Dilution air, then
In distribution to ammonia-spraying grid arm 4, eventually through the nozzle 3 being connected on arm 4, reducing agent is ejected in flue.Eject
The reducing agent coming bypasses the strengthening mixing dust excluding plate 1 of nozzle 3 outlet, with flue gas backmixing.Strengthening mixing dust excluding plate 1 passes through to prop up
Frame 2 is fixed at flue lining bar, need not additionally increase backing material.
Reverse-flow strengthening mixing ammonia-gas spraying device, requires according to nitrogen oxides in effluent concentration and denitration efficiency, reasonable selection
The caliber of various pipes and nozzle diameter, the size of strengthening mixing dust excluding plate 1 is generally four times of nozzle 3 aperture area, with spray
Mouth 3 position corresponds.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of reverse-flow strengthening mixing ammonia-gas spraying device it is characterised in that：Including strengthening mixing dust excluding plate (1), support (2), spray
Mouth (3), ammonia-spraying grid arm (4), ammonia-spraying grid main pipe (5) and feed pipe (6)；Described nozzle (3) is located at ammonia-spraying grid arm
(4), on, ammonia-spraying grid arm (4) is connected to feed pipe (6) by ammonia-spraying grid main pipe (5)；Described nozzle (3) and flow of flue gas side
To relatively；Strengthening mixing dust excluding plate (1) is passed through at support (2) 40～60mm in front of nozzle (3), strengthening mixing dust excluding plate
(1) area is not less than the area of nozzle (3).
2. according to claim 1 reverse-flow strengthening mixing ammonia-gas spraying device it is characterised in that：Described strengthening mixing dust excluding plate
(1) pass through at support (2) 50mm in front of nozzle (3).
3. according to claim 1 reverse-flow strengthening mixing ammonia-gas spraying device it is characterised in that：Described strengthening mixing dust excluding plate
(1) area is four times of nozzle (3) aperture area.
4. according to claim 1 reverse-flow strengthening mixing ammonia-gas spraying device it is characterised in that：Described strengthening mixing dust excluding plate
(1) it is square, circular or star.
5. according to claim 1 reverse-flow strengthening mixing ammonia-gas spraying device it is characterised in that：Described ammonia-spraying grid arm
(4) it is many of parallel uniform arrangement, be distributed in the flue of SCR denitration reactor upstream and perpendicular to flue gas direction.
6. according to claim 1 reverse-flow strengthening mixing ammonia-gas spraying device it is characterised in that：Described ammonia-spraying grid main pipe
(5) it is many of parallel uniform arrangement and perpendicular with ammonia-spraying grid arm (4).
7. according to claim 1 reverse-flow strengthening mixing ammonia-gas spraying device it is characterised in that：Described support (2) and spray ammonia
Grid arm (4) is just right.
8. according to claim 1 reverse-flow strengthening mixing ammonia-gas spraying device it is characterised in that：Described ammonia-spraying grid arm
(4) in the flue of SCR denitration reactor upstream.
9. according to claim 1 reverse-flow strengthening mixing ammonia-gas spraying device it is characterised in that：Described support (2) is fixed on
At flue lining bar.
10. according to claim 1 reverse-flow strengthening mixing ammonia-gas spraying device it is characterised in that：Described nozzle (3) is distributed in
On ammonia-spraying grid arm (4).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610893257.3A CN106390743A (en) | 2016-10-13 | 2016-10-13 | Counter-current forced mixing ammonia spraying apparatus |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610893257.3A CN106390743A (en) | 2016-10-13 | 2016-10-13 | Counter-current forced mixing ammonia spraying apparatus |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN106390743A true CN106390743A (en) | 2017-02-15 |
Family
ID=59228652
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610893257.3A Pending CN106390743A (en) | 2016-10-13 | 2016-10-13 | Counter-current forced mixing ammonia spraying apparatus |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN106390743A (en) |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6863875B1 (en) * | 1998-04-13 | 2005-03-08 | Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. | Flue gas treating system and process |
| CN203842500U (en) * | 2014-05-23 | 2014-09-24 | 国家电网公司 | Anti-blocking ammonia injection grid |
| CN204799107U (en) * | 2015-07-06 | 2015-11-25 | 北京峰业电力环保工程有限公司 | A ammonia injection grid for industry flue gas selective catalytic reduction denitrification facility |
| CN105381715A (en) * | 2015-12-15 | 2016-03-09 | 浙江百能科技有限公司 | Counter-current ammonia spraying mixer |
| CN206064164U (en) * | 2016-10-13 | 2017-04-05 | 浙江天地环保科技有限公司 | Reverse-flow reinforcing mixing ammonia-gas spraying device |
-
2016
- 2016-10-13 CN CN201610893257.3A patent/CN106390743A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6863875B1 (en) * | 1998-04-13 | 2005-03-08 | Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. | Flue gas treating system and process |
| CN203842500U (en) * | 2014-05-23 | 2014-09-24 | 国家电网公司 | Anti-blocking ammonia injection grid |
| CN204799107U (en) * | 2015-07-06 | 2015-11-25 | 北京峰业电力环保工程有限公司 | A ammonia injection grid for industry flue gas selective catalytic reduction denitrification facility |
| CN105381715A (en) * | 2015-12-15 | 2016-03-09 | 浙江百能科技有限公司 | Counter-current ammonia spraying mixer |
| CN206064164U (en) * | 2016-10-13 | 2017-04-05 | 浙江天地环保科技有限公司 | Reverse-flow reinforcing mixing ammonia-gas spraying device |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN104107626B (en) | Sintering flue gas circulating fluidized bed (CFB) semi-dry combined desulfurization and denitrification device and method | |
| CN100425325C (en) | Dusted composite SCR smoke denitration and its denitrating catalytic reactor | |
| CN102908920B (en) | Ammonia and air mixer for denitrification device | |
| US10507427B2 (en) | Flue ozone distributor applied in low-temperature oxidation denitrification technology and arrangement manner thereof | |
| CN206064164U (en) | Reverse-flow reinforcing mixing ammonia-gas spraying device | |
| CN102989282A (en) | Method and device for collaborative removal of mercury in flue gas | |
| KR101498178B1 (en) | Urea mixing apparatus having swirl unit | |
| CN108939914A (en) | A kind of SCR denitrating flue gas classification rotational flow mixing device | |
| CN204638000U (en) | A kind of reducing agent mixing arrangement being applied to SCR denitrating flue gas | |
| CN207980871U (en) | Rectangular nozzle formula ammonia-spraying grid suitable for flue gas SCR denitration technique ammonia spraying system | |
| CN203577639U (en) | Swirl mixing device for SCR (selective catalytic reduction) flue gas denitrification system | |
| CN204933244U (en) | NOx removal device in coal-burning power plant's coal-powder boiler flue gas | |
| CN208512282U (en) | A kind of device for removing sulfur trioxide and NOx in flue gas with integrated spraying system | |
| CN205386412U (en) | Boiler flue gas denitration system | |
| CN109621717A (en) | A kind of ammonia-gas spraying device for quick mixed flue gas | |
| CN205965517U (en) | Spout ammonia pipe and use this ammonia injection grid device and SCR system of spouting ammonia pipe | |
| CN105381715A (en) | Counter-current ammonia spraying mixer | |
| CN102166472A (en) | Spiral-flow type ammonia spraying device used for selective catalytic reduction (SCR) denitrification system | |
| CN106390743A (en) | Counter-current forced mixing ammonia spraying apparatus | |
| CN102527232A (en) | Compact type efficient denitration device for pulverized coal/oil boiler | |
| CN106925109B (en) | Device and method for removing sulfur trioxide in coal-fired flue gas by adopting cyclone ejector | |
| CN105765189B (en) | Jet module and exhaust system with jet module | |
| CN206853478U (en) | Utilize the ammonia spraying and mixing system of outside filtering type dust catcher gas purifying chamber structure | |
| CN107115733B (en) | Blowing ash removal and gaseous agent injection device of bag type dust collector | |
| CN205252903U (en) | Spout ammonia mixing arrangement against current |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| CB02 | Change of applicant information |
Address after: Hangzhou City, Zhejiang province 310012 Huaxing Road No. 99 (Hangzhou Neusoft business building) Applicant after: Zhejiang Tiandi Environmental Protection Technology Co.,Ltd. Address before: Hangzhou City, Zhejiang province 310012 Huaxing Road No. 99 (Hangzhou Neusoft business building) Applicant before: ZHEJIANG TIANDI ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd. |
|
| CB02 | Change of applicant information | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |
Application publication date: 20170215 |
|
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |