CN106389453B - Flavone glycoside composition - Google Patents

Flavone glycoside composition Download PDF

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CN106389453B
CN106389453B CN201610269109.4A CN201610269109A CN106389453B CN 106389453 B CN106389453 B CN 106389453B CN 201610269109 A CN201610269109 A CN 201610269109A CN 106389453 B CN106389453 B CN 106389453B
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glycoside composition
engelhardtia
astilbin
alpha
composition
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卞淑清
蔡世珍
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Suzhou yunuokang Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd
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蔡世珍
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Abstract

The invention provides a flavone glycoside composition. It contains neoastilbin, astilbin, isoastilbin, neoisoastilbin, neoengelhardoside, engelhardoside, isoengelhardoside, neoisoengelhardoside, kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside, taxifolin-3-O- (3' -O-p- (E) -galloyl) -alpha-L-rhamnoside and its stereoisomer. The invention belongs to the fields of pharmacy, food, health-care food and pharmaceutical preparation, and particularly relates to a flavonoid glycoside composition, preparation, application and a product.

Description

Flavone glycoside composition
The technical field is as follows:
the invention belongs to the fields of pharmaceutical chemistry, pharmacology and preparations, and particularly relates to a composition, preparation, application and preparation of flavonoid glycoside.
Background art:
the Engelhardtia roxburghiana Wall is dried leaf of Engelhardtia roxburghiana Wall of Engelhardtia genus of Juglandaceae family. The engelhardtia plants are mainly distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of Asia, wherein 8 plants are produced in southern provinces of China, and southern provinces of China, such as Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Hunan, Guizhou and the like are distributed. Most of the plants are arbors or shrubs, the resources are rich, and the plants can be used as landscaping trees. The engelhardtia roxburghiana is a folk medicine in Guangxi, and bark and leaves are used as medicines. The bark promotes qi circulation to dissipate dampness; the leaves can be used as tea, and the engelhardtia leaves are used as tea in Guangxi province, so the tea is named as arhat tea. The Luohan tea has the effects of clearing away heat and toxic materials, promoting fluid production to quench thirst, relieving summer-heat and promoting diuresis, and can be used for treating symptoms such as spleen and stomach damp stagnation, chest and abdomen swelling and stuffiness, cold and fever, etc. in the 1996 edition of Guangxi Chinese medicinal material Standard. Has effects of clearing away heat and toxic materials, promoting fluid production, quenching thirst, relieving summer-heat, and removing dampness by diuresis, and can be used for treating spleen and stomach damp stagnation, chest and abdomen distention, common cold, fever, etc.
According to the report of the literature, the engelhardtia leaves mainly contain components such as flavone compounds, steroids, triterpenes and the like. The reported chemical components are flavonoids, flavonols, dihydroflavonols and their glycosides. The main components comprise taxifolin, 5, 7, 4-trihydroxy flavanone, kaempferol, dihydrokaempferol, quercetin, isoengelhardoside, engelhardoside, astilbin, isoastilbin, kaempferol-3-O-alpha-L-rhamnoside, 5, 7-dihydroxy chromone-3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside, 5-hydroxy-3, 7, 3 ', 4' -tetramethoxyflavone, quercetin-3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside, 2-ethoxy juglone, L-inositol, etc.
The biological activity of the main component in the engelhardtia leaves is most remarkable due to the effects of flavonoid components such as anticoagulation, lipid reduction, blood sugar reduction, immunity enhancement and the like. Astilbin, one of the main components, has a plurality of remarkable bioactivities, including coenzyme A reductase inhibition, aldose reductase inhibition, liver protection, pain relief, swelling reduction and the like. In recent years, astilbin is reported to have obvious selective immunosuppressive action, and the selective action of astilbin has obvious advantages compared with the prior immunosuppressive agent, so that astilbin can be used as a novel immunosuppressive agent for treating immune related diseases.
However, astilbin is difficult to dissolve in water, the water solubility at 25 ℃ is only 250 mug/mL, and the astilbin is easy to dissolve in organic solvents such as methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate and the like, and belongs to an almost insoluble or insoluble range according to the Chinese pharmacopoeia, so the astilbin is not easy to be absorbed and metabolized by organisms. Research shows that the absolute bioavailability of astilbin in rats is only 0.066%, and the astilbin belongs to a compound with poor oral absorption. The existing solution is to adopt suspension for oral administration or to use cyclodextrin and other auxiliary materials for inclusion so as to improve the water solubility. The above problems greatly limit the pharmaceutical applications of astilbin.
Astilbin has stereoisomerism at the C-2 and C-3 positions, respectively 2 (R): 3(R) (astilbin), 2 (S): 3(S) (neoastilbin), 2 (S): 3(R) (neoisoastilbin) and 2 (R): 3(S) (isoastilbin) four cis-trans isomers. These four stereoisomers can be interconverted through their chalcone intermediates, occurring simultaneously in nature. Therefore, the invention adopts different extraction and separation processes to simultaneously extract and separate astilbin, neoisoastilbin and isoastilbin from engelhardtia roxburghiana leaves as the astilbin and stereoisomers thereof, and screens out a composition with good water solubility, and in the aqueous solution of the composition, the solubility of the astilbin in water is more than 8mg/mL at 25 ℃, so that the water solubility of the astilbin is greatly improved, and the bioavailability of the astilbin is improved.
Although the literature reports the therapeutic effects of engelhardtia leaves on diabetes, no intensive studies have been made on the mechanism of action. The action mechanism of astilbin monomer on diabetes is only reported in literature related to in vitro activity experiments, for example, Haraguchi and other researches find that astilbin and aglycon thereof, namely taxifolin, have inhibition effect on the accumulation of aldose reductase and sorbitol; estrada et al found that astilbin has the effect of inhibiting glucose-6-phosphatase. However, these targets have not become a mature pathway for diabetes development.
Reviewing the oral drugs that have been currently marketed with clear therapeutic effects on diabetes, the categories are mainly: sulfonylureas, biguanides, alpha-glycosidase inhibitors, glitazones, gliptins. Among them, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors can be used for the treatment of type II diabetes by delaying the absorption of carbohydrates (various forms of sugar) in the intestinal tract, representing the drug acarbose (bayer oxabetine). Although the yellow wolfberry leaves have been reported to have α -glucosidase inhibitory activity, the specific active ingredients thereof have not been studied in detail.
Therefore, the invention combines the characteristic that the composition containing astilbin and stereoisomers thereof obtained from the engelhardtia roxburghiana leaves has good water solubility, and the composition obtained by different separation and extraction processes, the astilbin, the engelhardtia roxburghiana and stereoisomers thereof are subjected to in-vitro alpha-glycosidase inhibitory activity screening to obtain the preferable alpha-glycosidase inhibitory activity composition. Meanwhile, the invention carries out ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis on the optimized composition to obtain the specific active ingredients and the content proportion of the composition. The results show that the preferred composition has significantly better alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity than acarbose (bayer oxapol).
The invention uses the selected preferable composition in a mouse model of type II diabetes caused by STZ (streptozotocin). The results show that the administration of the medicine for the treatment of type II diabetes mellitus after 16 weeks has the capacity of remarkably improving the fasting glucose tolerance of mice with type II diabetes mellitus, and the effect of the medicine is superior to that of the positive medicine acarbose (bayer glucose).
A series of experiments prove that the preferred flavone glycoside composition has the condition for being developed into a medicament with potential for treating the type II diabetes.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention aims to provide a flavonoid glycoside composition which is characterized by containing neoastilbin, astilbin, isoastilbin, neoisoastilbin, neoengelhardin, engelhardin, isoengelhardin, neoisoengelhardin, kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside, taxifolin-3-O- (3' -O-p- (E) -galloyl) -alpha-L-rhamnoside and stereoisomers thereof.
The flavonoid glycoside composition is characterized by containing neoastilbin (20.3%), astilbin (23.4%), isoastilbin (14.5%), neoisoastilbin (6.1%), neoengelhardoside (7.6%), engelhardoside (12.1%), isoengelhardoside (6.2%), neoisoengelhardoside (4.8%), kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside (2.3%), taxifolin-3-O- (3' -O-p- (E) -galloyl) -alpha-L-rhamnoside and a stereoisomer thereof (2.7%). The content is calculated by an area normalization method based on high performance liquid chromatography, and the detector is an ultraviolet detector with the wavelength of 280 nm.
The flavone glycoside composition is characterized in that engelhardtia leaves are extracted by water and purified by adopting macroporous resin.
The invention also aims to provide application of the flavonoid glycoside composition in preparation of diabetes drugs.
Determination of component content in engelhardtia leaves medicinal material
Leaves of Engelhardtia roxburghiana Wall (Engelhardtia roxburghiana Wall.) belonging to the genus Engelhardtia of Juglandaceae, Guangxi, were collected, naturally dried, and the total flavone content and the astilbin content in the leaves of Engelhardtia roxburghiana Wall were measured according to the following methods.
1. Method for measuring content of engelhardtia leaf total flavone (ultraviolet spectrophotometer method)
Preparation of control solutions: precisely weighing appropriate amount of astilbin standard, precisely weighing, and adding methanol to obtain solution containing 0.1mg per 1mL as control solution.
Preparation of a test solution: taking 100g of dried engelhardtia roxburghiana leaves, grinding into fine powder by a grinder, taking about 50mg of engelhardtia roxburghiana leaf fine powder, precisely weighing, placing in a 50mL Soxhlet extractor, heating and refluxing by 50mL of methanol in water bath at 50 ℃, refluxing and extracting for 2 hours, transferring the extracting solution into a 50mL volumetric flask, fixing the volume by using methanol, and shaking up to obtain a sample solution.
Ultraviolet spectrophotometry: taking the reference solution and the sample solution respectively, measuring absorbance at 280nm wavelength with ultraviolet spectrophotometer using methanol as blank, and calculating to obtain the content (%) of total flavone of Engelhardtia chrysolepis Hance leaf.
2. Method for measuring content of astilbin component in engelhardtia leaves (ultra-high performance liquid chromatography)
Preparation of a reference solution: the same as ultraviolet spectrophotometry.
Preparation of a test solution: the same as ultraviolet spectrophotometry.
A chromatographic column: c18 column (100 mm. times.2.1 mm i.d.; 1.7 μm).
Chromatographic conditions are as follows: mobile phase a, (0.1% formic acid); mobile phase B, acetonitrile. Gradient elution conditions: 0-3min, 17-20% B, 3-6min and 30% B. Flow rate, 0.3 mL/min; injection volume, 5 μ L. Detection wavelength, 280 nm; column oven, 40 ℃.
Content determination: diluting the standard astilbin solution to different concentrations, respectively injecting samples for determination, drawing a standard curve, and calculating according to peak area to obtain the percentage content (%) of astilbin in the engelhardtia roxburghiana leaves.
And (3) measuring results: the product contains total flavonoids such as astilbin (C) in dry form21H22O11) And (4) calculating. The engelhardtia leaves contain 34.0% of total flavone, wherein the content of astilbin is 3.5%.
3. Screening and activity comparison of engelhardtia roxburghiana flavone glycoside composition prepared by different separation and purification methods
Purification scheme I, 50% ethanol extraction macroporous resin purification method
Crushing engelhardtia roxburghiana leaf medicinal materials, performing reflux extraction on 12 times of 50% ethanol for 2 times, performing 2 hours each time, combining extracting solutions of the two times, performing reduced pressure concentration, concentrating until no alcohol exists, performing column chromatography adsorption on supernatant with the density of 1.0-1.10(60 ℃), performing loading flow rate of 0.3 times of column volume/hour, performing full adsorption on the resin, eluting with water until no alpha-naphthol positive reaction exists, then using an eluting solution of 30-50% ethanol with the column volume of 5 times of the column volume, performing eluting flow rate of 0.8 times of the column volume/hour, combining the collected eluting solutions, performing reduced pressure concentration until no alcohol exists, drying, crushing, sieving by a 60-mesh vacuum drying machine, and obtaining the 50% ethanol-extracted macroporous resin extract of engelhardtia roxburghiana leaf.
The extract contains total flavone 84.1%, including astilbin (2, 56.9%), isoastilbin (3, 4.7%), neoisoastilbin (4, 3.9%), engelhardin (6, 23.8%), neoisoengelhardin (8, 2.2%), kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside (9, 3.5%), taxifolin-3-O- (3 '-O-p- (E) -galloyl) -alpha-L-rhamnoside (10, 0.9%), taxifolin-3-O- (3' -O-p- (E) -galloyl) -alpha-L-rhamnoside isomer (11, 4.2%), as shown in figure 1, determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography.
Purification scheme II, methanol extraction macroporous resin purification method
Chopping or crushing the engelhardtia roxburghiana leaf medicinal material, carrying out reflux extraction on the medicinal material by methanol in an amount which is 12 times of the size of the medicinal material to 20-60 meshes for 2 times, combining extracting solutions of the two times, carrying out reduced pressure concentration, concentrating to the density of 1.0-1.2, standing for 2-3h, centrifuging, carrying out column chromatography adsorption on supernatant by HPD100 macroporous resin, carrying out loading flow rate of 0.3 times of column volume/h, after the resin is fully adsorbed, eluting by water until no alpha-naphthol positive reaction exists, then eluting by 30-50% ethanol elution solution in 5 times of column volume at the elution flow rate of 0.8 times of column volume/h, combining the collected elution solutions, carrying out reduced pressure concentration until no alcohol exists, drying, crushing, sieving by 60 meshes, and carrying out vacuum drying to obtain the engelhardtia roxburghiana alcohol macroporous.
The extract has total flavone content of 93.6%, wherein astilbin (2, 59.8%), isoastilbin (3, 3.1%), neoisoastilbin (4, 3.0%), engelhardoside (6, 23.6%), neoisoengelhardoside (8, 1.6%), kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside (9, 3.6%), taxifolin-3-O- (3 '-O-p- (E) -galloyl) -alpha-L-rhamnoside (10, 0.7%), taxifolin-3-O- (3' -O-p- (E) -galloyl) -alpha-L-rhamnoside isomer (11, 4.7%), as shown in figure 2, determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography.
Purification scheme III, water extraction macroporous resin column purification method
Pulverizing Engelhardtia chrysolepis Hance to 20-60 mesh, adding 12 times of water, soaking for 1-5h, heating and reflux extracting at 150 deg.C for 3 times at 100 deg.C, filtering the obtained extractive solution with four layers of gauze, and mixing filtrates. The filtrate was evaporated to 1/10 in its original volume by rotary evaporator and freeze dried to give a tan powder sample.
Preparing the water extract freeze-dried powder into 1mg/mL solution by using water, adsorbing by using weak-polarity or polar macroporous resin (such as D-101, HPD-100, AB-8 and the like) according to the sample loading amount of 1.0g powder/mL resin, wherein the sample loading flow rate is 0.3 times of column volume/hour, after the resin is fully adsorbed, eluting by using water until no alpha-naphthol positive reaction exists, then eluting by using 20% ethanol with 5 times of column volume, finally eluting by using 50% ethanol with 5 times of column volume, wherein the elution flow rate is 0.8 times of column volume/hour, collecting the eluent of 50% ethanol, concentrating until no alcohol exists, freeze-drying, crushing and sieving by 60 meshes to obtain the product.
The extract is measured by ultraviolet spectrophotometry and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography, respectively, and the total flavone content is up to 87%, wherein neoastilbin (1, 20.3%), astilbin (2, 23.4%), isoastilbin (3, 14.5%), neoisoastilbin (4, 6.1%), neolycine (5, 7.6%), engelhardoside (6, 12.1%), isoengelhardoside (7, 6.2%), neoisoengelhardoside (8, 4.8%), kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside (9, 2.3%), taxifolin-3-O- (3 '-O-p- (E) -galloyl) -alpha-L-rhamnoside (10, 1.2%), taxifolin-3-O- (3' -O-p- (E) -galloyl) -alpha-L-rhamnoside isomer (11), 1.5%) as shown in fig. 3.
Comparison of water solubility of effective fractions obtained by different extraction and separation methods at 25 deg.C
According to the method for measuring the solubility in the Chinese pharmacopoeia 2010, the extracts are respectively ground into fine powder, and a plurality of parts of 1g are precisely weighed. Placing into 1ml, 10ml, 30ml, 100ml and 1000ml volumetric flasks respectively at 25 deg.C, adding water to the scale, shaking vigorously every 5min for 30s, and observing the dissolution within 30min, wherein the solute is considered to be completely dissolved when no visible solute particles or droplets exist. Very soluble means that 1g (ml) of solute can be dissolved in less than 1ml of solvent; soluble means that 1g (ml) of solute can be dissolved in 1-less than 10ml of solvent; the dissolving means that 1g (ml) of solute can be dissolved in 10 to less than 30ml of solvent; slightly soluble means that 1g (ml) of solute can be dissolved in 30-less than 10Oml of solvent; slightly soluble means that 1g (ml) of solute can be dissolved in 100 to less than 1000ml of solvent; the minimal dissolution means that 1g (ml) of solute can be dissolved in 1000-less than 10000 ml of solvent; by almost insoluble or insoluble is meant that 1g (ml) of solute is not completely soluble in 10000 ml of solvent. The results are given in table 1 below:
TABLE 1 comparison of solubility of compositions obtained by different extraction and separation methods
The results show that the water solubility of the three extracts is, in order: the water extraction macroporous resin extract is more than 50 percent ethanol extraction macroporous resin extract is more than methanol extraction macroporous resin extract.
Comparison of in vitro inhibitory Activity of compositions of alpha-glycosidase obtained by different extraction and separation methods
To further screen compositions with good biological activity and better water solubility, we performed alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity comparison on engelhardtia roxburghiana flavonoid glycoside compositions obtained by different extraction and purification methods to determine a preferred separation and purification scheme.
Alpha-glycosidase inhibitory activity assay methods: the substrate p-nitrophenyl α -D-glucopyranoside (pNPG) was used, released hydrolytically by α -glycosidase to give p-nitrophenol, and the absorbance was measured at 405 nm. 80 μ L of 50% ethanol, methanol, and water macroporous resin extracts (10 μ g/ml) were taken, respectively, and mixed with 200 μ L of alpha-glucosidase solution (37U/ml) with 0.1M phosphate buffer (pH 6.8). Acarbose (1mg/ml) was used as a positive control. The conditions for the enzymatic reaction are optimal at pH 6.8. Blank reagent, 0.1 phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) was taken as a blank control. The mixture was enzymatically reacted in 96-well plates at 37 ℃ for 10 min with continuous shaking. After the reaction, 100. mu.L of a 1mM pNPG solution was added to a phosphate buffer (pH 6.8), and the reaction was continued at 37 ℃. The p-nitrophenol released from the pNPG per minute was detected with a microplate reader at 405nm for 120 minutes. As a result, measurement curves of α -glucosidase activity in 0-120 min, different extracts and positive control and blank control solutions were obtained, and the area under the curve (0-120 min) was calculated to give the percentage of α -glucosidase inhibition. The results are given in table 2 below:
TABLE 2 comparison of the alpha-glucosidase inhibition rates of the three extracts
As can be seen from the results of the measurement, the three extracts inhibit α -glycosidase with the following strength: the water extraction macroporous resin extract is more than 50 percent ethanol extraction macroporous resin extract is more than methanol extraction macroporous resin extract, wherein the alpha-glycosidase inhibition activity of the water extraction macroporous resin extract is strongest. Comparing the ultra high performance liquid chromatograms of different extracts (fig. 1-3), the main difference of their chemical components is that the composition ratio of other isomers of astilbin or engeletin is obviously different. The above results suggest that the inhibitory activity of astilbin or engelhardoside and isomers thereof on α -glycosidase is different, while the inhibitory activity of astilbin or engelhardoside and isomers thereof on α -glycosidase is higher in combination.
In combination with the water solubility test, the method of extracting and purifying by macroporous resin is preferably used as the optimized extraction method of the engelhardtia roxburghiana flavone glycoside composition, and the composition prepared by the method is used as the engelhardtia roxburghiana preferable flavone glycoside composition.
Analysis of the preferred composition of flavonoid glycosides from Engelhardtia chrysolepis Hance (ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, NMR, hydrogen spectroscopy)
In the prior literature reports, researchers have not conducted deep studies on active ingredients inhibiting alpha-glycosidase in engelhardtia roxburghiana leaves, and have not clarified specific active ingredients. The present inventors have intensively studied a composition of engelhardtia leaves, preferably flavonoid glycoside, having good α -glucosidase inhibitory activity and conducted a composition analysis.
Ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis was performed using a Waters UPLC/Q-TOF-MS lc mass spectrometer, including a Waters UPLC liquid system and a Waters XevoG 2Q-TOF mass spectrometer. A chromatographic column: a Waters Acquity UPLCBEHC18 column (100 mm. times.2.1 mmi.d.; 1.7 μm). Chromatographic conditions are as follows: mobile phase a, (0.1% formic acid); mobile phase B, acetonitrile. Gradient elution conditions: 0-3min, 17-20% B; 3-6min, 30% B. Flow rate, 0.3 mL/min; injection volume, 5 μ L. Detection wavelength, 280 nm; column oven, 40 ℃. The mass spectrum data acquisition adopts an electrospray ionization source (ESI) and a negative ion mode and utilizes MSEThe method is characterized in that mother ion fragment information and daughter ion fragment information are acquired simultaneously by injecting sample at one time. The mass spectrometry conditions were as follows: capillary voltage 3.0 kV; the taper hole voltage is 40V; the ion source temperature is 120 ℃; the temperature of the desolventizing agent is 450 ℃, and the flow rate of the gas in the taper hole is 50L/h; the flow rate of desolvation gas is 600.0L/h; MS1 and MS2 scan ranges m/z 100-1500, 7 min; the collision energy is 25-35V. Data were collected and analyzed using Waters masslynxv4.1 software.
After ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (figure 4) and comparison with the results reported in the literature, chromatographic peaks 1-11 are respectively identified as: new astilbin (1, C)21H22O11) Astilbin (2, C)21H22O11) Isoastilbin (3, C)21H22O11) Neoisoastilbin (4, C)21H22O11) Neoengelhardoside (5, C)21H22O10) Engelitin (6, C)21H22O10) Isoengeletin (7, C)21H22O10) New isoengeletin (8, C)21H22O10) kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside (9, C)21H20O10) taxifolin-3-O- (3' -O-p- (E) -galloyl) -alpha-L-rhamnoside (10, C)28H26O15) 3-O- (3' -O-p- (E) -galloyl) -alpha-L-rhamnoside isomer of taxifolin (11, C)28H26O15)。
The invention relates to an engelhardtia roxburghiana flavone glycoside composition which comprises the following components in percentage by weight (percentage content): 1. neoastilbin (20.3%), 2-astilbin (23.4%), 3-isoastilbin (14.5%), 4-neoisoastilbin (6.1%), 5-neoengelhardoside (7.6%), 6-engelhardoside (12.1%), 7-isoengelhardoside (6.2%), 8-neoisoengelhardoside (4.8%), 9-kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside (2.3%), 10-taxifolin-3-O- (3 '-O-p- (E) -galloyl) -alpha-L-rhamnoside (1.2%), 11-taxifolin-3-O- (3' -O-p- (E) -galloyl) -alpha-L-rhamnoside isomer (1.5%).
Hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy A hydrogen spectrum of a sample was taken at 25 ℃ using a Mercury Plus 500MHz nuclear magnetic resonance apparatus manufactured by Varian corporation, and deuterated DMSO as a solvent. The invention relates to an engelhardtia roxburghiana flavone glycoside composition through nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectrum analysis of the composition, which has the following nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectrum characteristics, and is shown in figure 5.
The main chemical components in the extract are flavanone glycoside compounds, a small amount of flavone glycoside components and trace unknown components. Wherein the area delta 8.88-12.66 is mainly the signal of active hydrogen on phenolic hydroxyl of flavonoid glycoside components; delta 5.86-7.75, aromatic hydrogen signal of mainly flavonoid aglycone part; delta 3.01-5.47, mainly the hydrogen signals at the 2-and 3-positions of the flavanonogenin moiety and the hydrogen signal on the sugar; the region of δ 0.74-1.14 is primarily the hydrogen signal of the methyl group at the 6-position on rhamnose. The nmr results further illustrate the key features of the chemical composition of the preferred composition: astilbin and engelhardoside are main components, and contain dihydroflavone rhamnoside such as kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside, taxifolin-3-O- (3' -O-p- (E) -galloyl) -alpha-L-rhamnoside, and its stereoisomer.
Preparation of stereoisomer in engelhardtia leaf water extraction macroporous resin extract and comparison of alpha-glycosidase inhibition in vitro activity thereof
In order to further clarify the difference of biological activity of different isomers in the composition, the stereoisomer of the engelhardtia roxburghiana flavone glycoside composition obtained by purifying macroporous resin obtained by water extraction is separated and prepared, and the alpha-glycosidase inhibitory activity in vitro is compared, so as to further explain the reason of the difference of the activity of the extracts obtained by different methods.
Preparation of stereoisomers in engelhardtia leaf flavonoid glycoside compositions: the preparation was carried out by means of 1260 Infinity liquid chromatograph from Agilent. A chromatographic column: an Agilent Eclipse XDB-C18 column (9.4 mm. times.250 mm, 5 μm). Chromatographic conditions are as follows: mobile phase a, (0.1% formic acid); mobile phase B, acetonitrile. Gradient elution conditions: 0-34min, 17% B, 34-35min, 17 → 35% B, 35-40min, 35% B. Flow rate, 4.0 mL/min; sample volume, 80 μ L. Detection wavelength, 280 nm; column temperature, 40 ℃. The purity of the prepared monomer is higher than 95 percent through ultra performance liquid chromatography detection.
Alpha-glycosidase inhibitory activity assay methods: the alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity of the different isomers in the composition was determined using the method described above. The results are given in table 3 below:
TABLE 3 alpha-glucosidase inhibitory Activity of different isomers in the compositions (IC)50Value)
The alpha-glycosidase inhibiting activity of astilbin is stronger than that of engelhardoside according to the determination result. The new astilbin has the strongest activity in the four isomers of the astilbin by comparison; among the four isomers of engeletin, neoengeletin is most active. The content of neoastilbin and neoengelhardin in the water-extracted macroporous resin extract is obviously higher than that in the 50% ethanol-extracted macroporous resin extract and the methanol-extracted macroporous resin extract. The results show that the content of astilbin and engelhardin isomers is obviously changed after the engelhardtia roxburghiana leaves are extracted by water, the content of the new astilbin and the new engelhardtia roxburghiana glycoside with the strongest alpha-glycosidase inhibitory activity is obviously increased, and therefore, the alpha-glycosidase inhibitory activity of the composition is higher. Combining the above experimental results, preferably a water extraction macroporous resin purification method is used as an optimized extraction method of the engelhardtia roxburghiana flavone glycoside composition, and the composition prepared by the method is used as the engelhardtia roxburghiana preferable flavone glycoside composition.
Effect of flavonoid glycoside composition on blood sugar of type II diabetes model mice
To further verify the effect of engelhardtia roxburghiana leaves, preferably a flavonoid glycoside composition, on type II diabetes blood glucose, we performed a related pharmacological study on engelhardtia leaves, preferably a flavonoid glycoside composition. The invention adopts a high-fat feed and Streptozotocin (STZ) combined induced II type diabetes mellitus (C57/BL6J) inbred line mouse model to carry out pharmacological research. The animal model is very similar to the physiological signs of human type II diabetes, is more stable than the traditional alloxan model and simple STZ, has better test data reproducibility by adopting inbred mice, and becomes the mainstream of animal models for researching type II diabetes in recent years. The invention researches the effective components in the engelhardtia leaves by adopting the animal model for the first time in China.
1 materials of the experiment
1.1 Experimental animals
The male C57/BL6J mice, weighing 18-22 g, were provided by the animal testing center of Guangzhou university of traditional Chinese medicine.
1.2 drugs and reagents
Preparation of test solution
Positive drugs: the DPP4 inhibitor saxagliptin and the alpha glycosidase inhibitor bayer glycone are prepared into target doses by normal saline.
Preparation of the preferred flavonoid glycoside composition: referring to the third purification scheme and the purification method of water extraction macroporous resin column,
preferably, the flavonoid glycoside composition is formulated at a high dose (1 g/kg): the extract obtained by the above method is dissolved with normal saline to obtain a solution with a concentration of 420mg +14ml and a concentration of 30mg/ml for use. The administration was performed by gavage with 0.2ml/10g body weight per day.
Preferably, the formulation of the dose (0.5g/kg) in the flavonoid glycoside composition: taking 6ml of the high dose obtained by the method, and using normal saline to fix the volume to 12ml, wherein the concentration is 15mg/ml for later use. The administration was performed by gavage with 0.2ml/10g body weight per day.
Preferably, the formulation of the flavonoid glycoside composition at low dose (0.25 g/kg): taking 4ml of the medium dose obtained by the method, and using physiological saline to fix the volume to 8ml, wherein the concentration is 7.5mg/ml for later use. The administration was performed by gavage with 0.2ml/10g body weight per day.
Citric acid buffer solution: citric acid buffer preparation (ph 4.4): citric acid 2.1g and sodium citrate 2.94g were dissolved in physiological saline to give a fixed volume of 100ml, each at a concentration of 0.1 mM. And taking 65.1mL of the citric acid solution and 54.9mL of the sodium citrate solution, fully and uniformly mixing, and storing in a brown bottle at a temperature of 4 ℃ for later use.
STZ solution: the preparation apparatus needs to be inactivated, and surgical instruments need to be treated at high temperature and sterilized by high-pressure damp heat such as buffer solution.
Preparation of 1% STZ solution: 0.2g of streptozotocin is dissolved in 20mL of citric acid buffer solution in a dark, low-temperature (prepared in an ice box) and dry environment, and the mixture is placed in an ice water bath, and the injection is finished within 30 min. The reference STZ is administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 120mg/Kg, 120 mg/Kg/10 mL/Kg-12 mg/mL. The intraperitoneal injection amount of the mice is 10 mL/Kg.
1.3 formula of high-fat feed:
the high-fat feed formula comprises the following components: 10% of lard, 10% of egg yolk powder, 0.2% of bile salt, 1% of cholesterol and the balance of basic feed.
1.4 breeding management:
animals are raised in SPF animal houses in the center of experimental animals, and the animal raising conditions are as follows: 5-6 pieces/box, group breeding, raising temperature and humidity: 20-25 ℃, 40-70%, adopting the following steps of: 12h day and night intermittent illumination; free eating and drinking; the basic feed and the high-fat feed are provided by the experimental animal center of Guangzhou Chinese medicinal university.
And (4) observing the animal excrement and urine during the gastric lavage every day, and timely separating out the mice subjected to frame beating if the conditions of frame beating exist.
1.5 Main instruments:
glucometer Ruidien HL588E type
Ruidien blood glucose test paper Ruidien Biotech Ltd
Hitachi 7020 model of full-automatic blood biochemical analyzer
2 method of experiment
Table 4 test grouping table
The animals in each group were gavaged (capacity 20ml/kg) 1 time daily for 12 weeks according to the above schedule, fed with SPF-grade feed, and were subjected to blood glucose monitoring for 12 hours before grouping without water deprivation, and were grouped according to body weight and blood glucose level, and subjected to OGTT test at 12 weeks after administration.
1 test procedure
After the animals are adaptively raised for 4 weeks, the animals are fasted for 16 hours, and the tail tip needle pricks and takes blood to directly measure the blood sugar value on a blood glucose meter. After the measurement on the same day, the normal group and the model group were divided, and the normal group animals were fed with the normal maintenance period rats and the model group was fed with the aforementioned high fat diet while the model group was administered with STZ injection at 120 mg/Kg. Mouse body weights were recorded once a week.
In the 5 th week, the patient is fasted for 12 hours, and the tail tip needle pricks and takes blood to directly measure the blood sugar value on a glucometer.
In the 6 th week, fasting is carried out for 12 hours, the tail tip needle pricks and takes blood, and the blood sugar value is directly measured on a glucometer, so that the establishment of the model is determined. The model groups were then divided into 6 groups on average, and the normal and model groups were given water for injection, and the remainder were given the drug.
In 8 weeks, fasting is carried out for 12 hours, and the tail tip needle pricks and takes blood to directly measure the blood sugar value on a glucometer.
In the 10 th week, the patient is fasted for 12 hours, and the tail tip needle pricks and takes blood to directly measure the blood sugar value on a glucometer.
On the 12 th week, fasting is carried out for 12 hours, and the tail tip needle pricks and takes blood to directly measure the blood sugar value on a glucometer.
At week 14, fasting for 12 hours, the tail tip needle pricks to take blood and directly measures the blood sugar value on a glucometer.
In the 16 th week, fasting is carried out for 12 hours, the tail tip needle pricks and takes blood to perform OGTT (GLU is measured at the rest time points, the eye socket blood is sampled at the last time point, and the whole set of blood biochemical indexes is measured), and curves and areas under the curves are made.
2 detection index
And (4) observation: daily conditions of the mice were observed and recorded daily from the start of the experiment to the end of the experiment.
Weight: mice were weighed 1 time per week from the start of dosing to the end of the experiment.
3 results of the experiment
3.1 weight changes in mice after drug administration
The body weight changes of the mice after the administration are shown in Table 5. As can be seen from Table 5, the body weights of the animals of each group after the start of the administration were not statistically different from those of the model group. However, the average weight gain of the bayer group and the engelhardtia chrysolepis low-dose group was higher than that of the model group, and it was considered that the average weight gain was likely to improve the quality of life of type II diabetic mice.
Table 5 mice body weight change after dosing (g,n＝8)
each group was compared to the model group, p < 0.1, p < 0.05; p < 0.01
3.2 fasting blood glucose changes in mice after drug administration
The results of fasting plasma glucose changes in mice after administration are shown in Table 6. As can be seen from Table 6, the mean fasting blood glucose values of the mice in each group were greater than the upper limit of the normal fasting blood glucose value of 7.0 at week 5, i.e., after the start of molding, and it was considered that the model was established. The basal fasting blood glucose values before administration to the animals of each group were substantially identical after random grouping according to blood glucose levels. When administered to week 9, the fasting plasma glucose values were significantly lower in both the saxagliptin group and the flavonoid glycoside composition low-dose group than in the model group (p < 0.05); at week 10, the fasting blood glucose values were significantly lower in the medium dose group than in the model group (p < 0.05); at week 12, fasting plasma glucose values were significantly lower in the high dose group than in the model group (p < 0.05); at week 14, fasting blood glucose values were again significantly lower in both saxagliptin and low dose groups than in the model group (p < 0.05); at week 16, fasting blood glucose values were again significantly lower in the low dose group than in the model group (p < 0.05). The flavonoid glycoside composition is believed to have the ability to improve fasting blood glucose levels in type II diabetic mice at low dosage levels. The results suggest that: the ability of low dose levels in a flavonoid glycoside composition to improve fasting blood glucose levels in type II diabetic mice may be comparable to that of bayer oxagliptin, slightly lower than that of saxagliptin.
Table 6 blood glucose changes in mice after dosing (mmol/L,n＝8)
each group is compared to a model group; p < 0.05; p < 0.01
3.3 Change in fasting glucose tolerance (OGTT) in mice 16 weeks after administration
The results of the fasting glucose tolerance test in each group of mice after 16 weeks of administration are shown in Table 7. From table 7, it can be seen that the area under the blood glucose curve (AUC) of the fasting glucose tolerance test of each group of animals is compared with that of the model group, and the differences except the blank control group have no significant meaning. Preferably, however, the three doses of the flavonoid glycoside composition exhibit a dose-effect relationship, suggesting that they may have a tendency to have some relief from insulin resistance in type II diabetic mice. This trend is not shown by the presence of bayer-gliptin and saxagliptin.
3.4 Change in Biochemical levels of blood in mice 16 weeks after administration
The blood biochemical levels of the mice after 16 weeks of administration are shown in table 8. The results in table 4 indicate that the type II diabetes model established in this experiment has a certain adverse effect on the liver, kidney function and blood lipid level of the mouse, and no significant improvement effect is shown for the preferred flavonoid glycoside composition and the two positive control groups.
Table 7 results of fasting glucose tolerance in 16-week-dosed mice (AUC,n＝8)
each group is compared to a model group; p < 0.05; p < 0.01
TABLE 8 Biochemical changes in blood of mice at week 16: (n＝8)
Each group is compared to a model group; p < 0.05; p < 0.01
4 conclusion of pharmacological experiments
Preferably, the flavonoid glycoside composition exhibits some activity in lowering fasting plasma glucose in type II diabetic mice; has significant improving activity on fasting glucose tolerance of type II diabetic mice after 16 weeks of administration, and the effect is better than that of positive test objects. The above results suggest that the preferred flavonoid glycoside compositions of the present invention may serve as a potential drug for ameliorating type II diabetes.
The results of the research show that the engelhardtia roxburghiana flavone glycoside composition can be used as a potential medicament for improving type II diabetes. In combination with the good water solubility of the flavonoid glycoside composition, the flavonoid glycoside composition is prepared into an oral preparation, so that the flavonoid glycoside composition is convenient for patients to use for a long time. The results of research show that the engelhardtia roxburghiana flavone glycoside composition can be used as a potential medicine, food, health-care food or dietary supplement for improving diabetes.
Drawings
FIG. 1, ultra-high performance liquid chromatogram of 50% ethanol extraction macroporous resin extract of Engelhardtia chrysolepis Hance
FIG. 2 shows an ultra-high performance liquid chromatogram of the Engelhardtia chrysolepis Hance extract extracted from macroporous resin
FIG. 3 ultra high performance liquid chromatogram of the macroporous resin extract from water extraction of Engelhardtia chrysolepis Hance
FIG. 4 shows the high resolution mass spectrum of Compound 1 in the Engelhardtia chrysolepsis hance flavonoid glycoside composition
FIG. 5 shows the high resolution mass spectrum of Compound 2 in the Engelhardtia chrysolepsis hance flavonoid glycoside composition
FIG. 6 shows the high resolution mass spectrum of compound 3 in the composition of E.chrysolepsis hance flavonoid glycoside
FIG. 7 shows the high resolution mass spectrum of Compound 4 in the Engelhardtia chrysolepsis hance flavonoid glycoside composition
FIG. 8 shows the high resolution mass spectrum of Compound 5 in the Engelhardtia chrysolepsis hance flavonoid glycoside composition
FIG. 9 shows the high resolution mass spectrum of Compound 6 in the Engelhardtia chrysolepsis hance flavonoid glycoside composition
FIG. 10 shows the high resolution mass spectrum of Compound 7 in the Engelhardtia chrysolepsis hance flavonoid glycoside composition
FIG. 11 shows the high resolution mass spectrum of Compound 8 in the Engelhardtia chrysolepsis hance flavonoid glycoside composition
FIG. 12 shows the high resolution mass spectrum of compound 9 in the composition of E.chrysolepsis hance flavonoid glycoside
FIG. 13 shows the high resolution mass spectrum of Compound 10 in the Engelhardtia chrysolepsis hance flavonoid glycoside composition
FIG. 14 shows high-resolution mass spectra of Compound 11 in the Engelhardtia chrysolepsis hance flavonoid glycoside composition
FIG. 15 shows the composition of the flavone glycoside of Engelhardtia chrysolepis Hance1H-NMR spectrum
Detailed Description
The results of the researches show that the composition combines good water solubility of the flavone glycoside composition, the composition is prepared into an oral preparation, the oral preparation is convenient for patients to use for a long time, and the engelhardtia roxburghiana flavone glycoside composition can be used as a potential medicament or food for improving type II diabetes and health-care food. . The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention without limiting it.
Example 1
15g of a flavone glycoside composition; 75g of microcrystalline cellulose; 50ml of 95% ethanol; 15g of hydroxypropyl cellulose; 120ml of 25 percent starch slurry; 5g of magnesium stearate, granulating, drying at 50 ℃ in vacuum, grading by using a 30-100-mesh sieve, and pressing into tablets;
example 2
15g of a flavone glycoside composition; 75g of microcrystalline cellulose; 50ml of 95% ethanol; 15g of hydroxypropyl cellulose; 120ml of 20 percent starch slurry; 5g of magnesium stearate, granulating, drying in vacuum at 50 ℃, granulating by using a 60-100-mesh sieve, and encapsulating;
example 3
15g of a flavone glycoside composition; 20g of dextrin; lactose 10g, 25% starch slurry 120 ml; 20g of powdered sugar; granulating with 100 mesh sieve, drying at 50 deg.C, grading with 14 mesh sieve, and packaging;
example 4
Preparing the flavonoid glycoside composition into a phospholipid compound, grinding the phospholipid compound, sieving the phospholipid compound by a 80-mesh sieve, adding 1% of microcrystalline cellulose and 10% of lactose, sieving the mixture by a 60-mesh sieve, fully and uniformly mixing the mixture, adding a certain amount of wetting agent to prepare a soft material, preparing wet pellets by an extrusion-rolling granulator, and drying the wet pellets for 12 hours at the temperature of 50 ℃ to obtain the dry pellets.
Example 5
15.0g of flavone glycoside composition; adding 2.0g glutamic acid, adding 10.0g mannitol, adding purified water, heating to dissolve, diluting to 500ml, filtering, ultrafiltering, and packaging to obtain oral liquid.
Example 6
15g of a flavone glycoside composition; 50ml of 50% ethanol; 20g of dextrin; lactose 10g, 25% starch slurry 120 ml; preparing instant solid beverage granules with a 100-mesh sieve, drying at 50 ℃, grading with a 14-mesh sieve, and subpackaging into bags.
Example 7
15.0g of flavone glycoside composition; adding 0.5g citric acid, adding 1.0g malted milk, adding 10.0g mannitol, adding purified water, heating to dissolve, diluting to 500ml, filtering, ultrafiltering the filtrate, and packaging to obtain palatable health beverage.

Claims (4)

1. The application of the flavonoid glycoside composition in preparing diabetes drugs is characterized in that the flavonoid glycoside composition comprises the following components: 20.3% neoastilbin, 23.4% astilbin, 14.5% isoastilbin, 6.1% neoisoastilbin, 7.6% neoengelhardoside, 12.1% engelhardoside, 6.2% isoengelhardoside, 4.8% neoisoengelhardoside, 2.3% kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside, 2.7% taxifolin-3-O- (3' -O-p- (E) -galloyl) -alpha-L-rhamnoside and isomers thereof.
2. The use according to claim 1, wherein the flavonoid glycoside composition is obtained by extracting Engelhardtia chrysolepis Hance with water and purifying with macroporous resin.
3. The use according to claim 2, wherein the macroporous resin is one or more of a weakly polar and polar AB-8, HPD400, HPD100, D101 resin.
4. The use according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the flavonoid glycoside composition is obtained by extracting Engelhardia roxburghiana wall leaves with water, purifying with macroporous resin, and drying the eluate obtained by purifying with macroporous resin by freeze-drying.
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