CN106382665B - The flow control method of circulation heating apparatus and thermal-arrest liquid - Google Patents

The flow control method of circulation heating apparatus and thermal-arrest liquid Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106382665B
CN106382665B CN201610792318.7A CN201610792318A CN106382665B CN 106382665 B CN106382665 B CN 106382665B CN 201610792318 A CN201610792318 A CN 201610792318A CN 106382665 B CN106382665 B CN 106382665B
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China
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thermal
heat
liquid
arrest
collector
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CN106382665A (en
Inventor
徐荣吉
胡文举
吴青平
王瑞祥
王华生
胡洁
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Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture
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Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D3/00—Hot-water central heating systems
    • F24D3/005—Hot-water central heating systems combined with solar energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D19/00—Details
    • F24D19/10—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F24D19/1006—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D3/00—Hot-water central heating systems
    • F24D3/02—Hot-water central heating systems with forced circulation, e.g. by pumps
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of circulation heating apparatus and the flow control method of thermal-arrest liquid, device includes: heating circulation comprising hot water storage tank, heating end and heating circulation pump；And solar thermal collector comprising shell and be placed in the intracorporal thermal-arrest portion of the shell；Wherein, the thermal-arrest portion includes feed liquor separating tube, goes out liquid collector tube and be placed between the two, several heat collection units arranged side by side；Wherein, the capillary tube heat sucker that each heat collection unit includes compound parabolic concentrator and is placed on the compound parabolic concentrator across column；The thermal-arrest liquid forms flow path between the feed liquor separating tube, the liquid collector tube out and at least part capillary tube heat sucker, and heat exchanger makes the flow path form closed loop in the storage heater；And the number of the capillary tube heat sucker of the flow path is accessed by adjustable mode.Heating installation of the invention can meet heating demands by adjusting the process of thermal-arrest liquid.

Description

The flow control method of circulation heating apparatus and thermal-arrest liquid
Technical field
The present invention relates to too can radiant heat energy utilize field, and in particular to a kind of circulation heating apparatus and thermal-arrest liquid Flow control method.
Background technique
The thermal-arrest liquid in solar thermal collector is by free convection or pump flowing at present.Heat-collecting temperature and flow are passively adjusted Section, can not according to actual needs dynamic by adjusting operating status (heat-collecting temperature and flow) to adapt to weather and use demand Variation；And solar thermal collector generallys use the heat-absorbent surface of slab construction to absorb solar energy, and the temperature of heat-absorbent surface is universal It is higher than absorbing pipe temperature, it forms a hyperthermia radiation face and leaks hot face, influence collecting efficiency.
At present for the improvement of solar thermal collector, carried out primarily directed to the heat-collecting temperature of heat collector.Such as in vacuum tube Insertion metal tube is in heat collector to change fluid flow, or segment set thermal flow process is carried out in the thermal-collecting tube of flat plate collector Arranged in series etc..But it is extremely limited to the optimization of solar thermal collector, how fundamentally to change the heat-collecting capacity of heat collector with And the utilization rate of heat collector is improved, so that heat collector is run according to use demand adjust automatically thermal-arrest liquid flow high efficiency, is still The problem of to be advanced optimized.
It is heated using solar thermal collector thermal-arrest very widely used.But the collection in current solar thermal collector Hot liquid is influenced by free convection or pump flowing, heat-collecting temperature by solar radiation, and heat-collecting temperature sum aggregate thermal fluctuation is big, can not Dynamic regulation is carried out according to collection heat level of the actual demand of heating to heat collector.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem
How the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to adjust the thermal-arrest temperature of thermal-arrest liquid according to the heating demands of user Degree and heat-collecting capacity.
Solution
In view of this, An embodiment provides a kind of circulation heating apparatus, which includes: Heating circulation comprising hot water storage tank, heating end and heating circulation pump；；And solar thermal collector comprising shell with And it is placed in the intracorporal thermal-arrest portion of the shell；Wherein, the thermal-arrest portion includes feed liquor separating tube, goes out liquid collector tube and be placed in the two Between, heat collection unit that several are arranged side by side；Wherein, each heat collection unit includes compound parabolic concentrator and across column The capillary tube heat sucker being placed on the compound parabolic concentrator, the thermal-arrest liquid absorption in the capillary tube heat sucker is by described What compound parabolic concentrator reflected too can radiation energy；The thermal-arrest liquid the feed liquor separating tube, it is described go out liquid collector tube and Flow path is formed between the capillary tube heat sucker at least partially, the heat exchanger being placed in heat storage tank makes the flow path Form closed loop；And under the premise of with physical significance, it can be accessed described in the flow path by adjustable mode The number of capillary tube heat sucker.
For above-mentioned circulation heating apparatus, in one possible implementation, the feed liquor separating tube and the liquid out Several electrically operated valves are distributed on collector tube, by adjusting the switch state of each electrically operated valve, in open state Electrically operated valve make thermal-arrest liquid the feed liquor separating tube, it is described go out formed between liquid collector tube and the capillary tube heat sucker The flow path of adjustable, multistage capillary tube heat sucker heat absorption；Wherein, to swim over to the direction in downstream on feed liquor separating tube as hair The incremental direction of the heat absorption series of tubule heat dump, then endotherm area >=place of the capillary tube heat sucker of the higher high-temperature level of series In the endotherm area of the capillary tube heat sucker of the lower low-temperature level of series.
It further include control unit in one possible implementation for above-mentioned circulation heating apparatus, and it is each electronic Valve is electrical connection, for adjusting the switch state of each electrically operated valve；For adjusting each institute through the control unit For the flow path of switch state formation for stating electrically operated valve, on the incremental direction of the heat absorption series of capillary tube heat sucker, When total heat absorption series of capillary tube heat sucker is odd number, the electrically operated valve of the most downstream on the feed liquor separating tube should It closes, the electrically operated valve of the most downstream on the liquid collector tube out should be opened；When the heat absorption series of capillary tube heat sucker It is on the contrary when for even number.
For above-mentioned circulation heating apparatus, in one possible implementation, tune is additionally provided on the feed liquor separating tube Throttle control valve, adjusts thermal-arrest liquid in the flow path by adjusting the aperture for adjusting flow control valve Flow.
For above-mentioned circulation heating apparatus, in one possible implementation, the solar thermal collector further includes passing Sensor group comprising: first sensor group is set to the upstream of the feed liquor separating tube, for detecting thermal-arrest liquid in import The characteristic parameter at place；Second sensor group is set to the downstream of the liquid collector tube out, for detecting thermal-arrest liquid in exit Characteristic parameter；3rd sensor group is set in environment locating for the solar thermal collector, for detecting environmental parameter； And heating temperature sensor, it is set on the water supply pipe, for detecting the temperature for warm fluid；Above-mentioned (first, Two, third) sensor group and heating temperature sensor be electrically connected with the control unit respectively, for being provided to the control unit For adjusting the basic parameter of the switch state of each electrically operated valve.
Preferably, using the axial direction of the capillary heat dump as length direction, the compound parabolic concentrator with it is described Capillary heat dump is adapted in the size of the length direction, and the range of the interception ratio of the compound parabolic concentrator is 0~4/ 5.Preferably, the capillary tube heat sucker is placed in along its length on the focal circle of the compound parabolic concentrator, and the hair Caliber≤4mm of tubule heat dump.
For above-mentioned circulation heating apparatus, in one possible implementation, by the hair of the two-way or more Tubule heat dump parallel connection forms capillary group, and the two sides of the capillary group pass through second level dispenser and the feed liquor liquid separation respectively Pipe is connected to the liquid collector tube out.
Of the invention additionally provides a kind of flow control method of thermal-arrest liquid, which includes: control unit The parameter and operation data of solar thermal collector are acquired, the supply water temperature of heating circulation is also acquired；Control unit is based on the ginseng Several, the described operation data and the leaving air temp, to the mesh of corresponding solar thermal collector under selected current heating mode Scalar functions optimize；Control unit obtains the corresponding feed liquor separating tube set on solar thermal collector when objective function is optimal value The target switch state of each electrically operated valve on liquid collector tube out；Wherein, the optimal value is under given temperature and flow Minimum pump work；The switch state of electrically operated valve is adjusted to target switch state by control unit, so that the thermal-arrest of solar thermal collector Liquid forms adjustable flow path between liquid collector tube, capillary tube heat sucker and hot water storage tank in feed liquor separating tube, out.
For above-mentioned flow control method, in one possible implementation, the flow control method further include: control The information that portion shows the leaving air temp and obtained according to the parameter and operation data, comprising: the disengaging of thermal-arrest liquid Liquid temperature, flow and pressure difference；Current environmental parameter；And the current switch state of each electrically operated valve；Storage supplies The parameter and operation data of warm circulation, recall for subsequent.
Beneficial effect
Heating installation of the invention improves the stability and efficiency of heating, specifically, by using capillary tube heat sucker Improve collecting efficiency with the heat collection unit of compound parabolic concentrator composition, and the flow path by changing thermal-arrest liquid come Collecting efficiency is adjusted, and then the heat-collecting temperature and heat-collecting capacity that improve solar thermal collector are to the different heating demands of heating installation Adaptability.
Detailed description of the invention
When considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the present invention can be more completely and better understood.Attached drawing described herein is used to provide A further understanding of the present invention, examples and descriptions thereof are used to explain the present invention, does not constitute improper limitations of the present invention.
Fig. 1 shows the structural schematic diagram (having hot water storage tank) of the circulation heating apparatus of one embodiment of the invention；Fig. 2 shows The solar thermal collector schematic cross-sectional view of the circulation heating apparatus of one embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 shows the logical box of the control unit of the solar thermal collector of the circulation heating apparatus of one embodiment of the present of invention Figure；Fig. 4-1 shows a kind of implementation of the control unit of the solar thermal collector of the circulation heating apparatus of one embodiment of the present of invention The logic diagram of example (control device+remote control apparatus cooperation is completed)；Fig. 4-2 shows the circulation of one embodiment of the present of invention The logic diagram of another embodiment of the control unit of the heat collector of heating installation (control device is individually completed)；Fig. 5 shows this A kind of logic diagram of optimal way of the control unit of the solar thermal collector of the circulation heating apparatus of one embodiment of invention.
Reference signs list
1, feed liquor separating tube 2, capillary tube heat sucker 3, out liquid collector tube 4, compound parabolic concentrator 5, electrically operated valve 61, the first temperature sensor 62, second temperature sensor 63, third temperature sensor 64, heating temperature sensor 7, stream Quantity sensor 81, the first differential pressure pickup measuring point 82, the second differential pressure pickup measuring point 9, flow control valve 10, wind speed sensing Device 11, solar radiation sensor 12, circulating pump 13, hot water storage tank 14, heat exchanger 15, heating end 16, heating circulation Pump 17, signal wire 18, bottom plate 19, insulating layer 20, frame 21, cover-plate glass.
Specific embodiment
The technical scheme of the present invention will be explained in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
Circulation heating apparatus of the invention belongs to a kind of application of solar thermal collector.Specifically, by by solar energy collection Hot device (hereinafter referred to heat collector) is used as heating source, adds to the heat storage liquid being attached thereto in logical hot water storage tank 13 Heat, more specifically, the thermal-arrest liquid absorption in heat collector can be used as heating source after radiation energy very much.But heat collecting liquid herein Body is not the liquid in physical significance, can be such as construed to, with mobile performance and can with heat-carrying, pass hot medium, It can be liquid medium, such as calcium chloride concentrated solution, potassium chloride concentrated solution.Being also possible to gaseous medium etc., other have equivalent function The medium of energy, such as air, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, argon gas.In the case of thermal-arrest liquid is the air in gaseous medium, collection Hot device directly heats air, i.e., the heat exchanger of no setting is required hot water storage tank 13 and setting in the inner directly delivers air to End 15 heat to user's heating.In the feelings that thermal-arrest liquid is liquid medium or other gaseous mediums in addition to air Under shape, the device (such as heat exchanger) that heat collecting liquid body can be made to form closed loop can be equipped in hot water storage tank 13, for warm fluid The heat for absorbing thermal-arrest liquid delivers heat to heating end 15 later, distributes from heating end 15 by heat to locating for user Environment in.The present invention is optimized by the solar collecting performance to heat collector, so that the heating of heat collector and circulation heating apparatus Demand more matches.
Below only for needing the situation of hot water storage tank 13, to illustrate to realize detailed process of the invention.
Embodiment 1
Fig. 1 shows the structural schematic diagram of the circulation heating apparatus of one embodiment of the invention, is mainly adjusted by i.e. hydrothermal solution The path of body makes the collection heat level of heat collector meet heating requirement.
As shown in Figure 1, in the case of thermal-arrest liquid is other media in addition to the medium that can directly warm oneself for user, The circulation heating apparatus specifically includes that the internal hot water storage tank 13 for being equipped with heat exchanger 14, and provides setting for heat exchanging device Heating temperature heat collector.The heat collector mainly includes shell and is placed in the intracorporal thermal-arrest portion of shell；Shell is mainly used as collecting The carrier in hot portion, and guarantee that sunlight can expose to thermal-arrest portion through the cover-plate glass 21 of shell.Further as shown in Fig. 2, The structure of shell mainly includes bottom plate 18, frame 20, insulating layer 19 and cover-plate glass 21；Wherein: covering the upper surface of frame 20 The inside of the cover-plate glass 21 of lid high light transmission, the frame 20 in addition to upper surface is equipped with insulating layer 19；Bottom plate 18 is set to frame 20 The top of the insulating layer 19 of bottom.Thermal-arrest portion includes feed liquor separating tube 1, goes out liquid collector tube 3 and be placed between the two, several A heat collection unit arranged side by side；The hair that each heat collection unit includes compound parabolic concentrator 4 (CPC) and is placed on CPC4 across column Tubule heat dump 2, thermal-arrest liquid absorption in capillary tube heat sucker 2 by CPC4 reflect too can be after radiation energy, by absorption Thermal energy is used for circulation heating of the invention.As a preference, heat collection unit arranged side by side is uniform, parallel arrangement mode.
In the present invention, thermal-arrest liquid is in feed liquor separating tube 1, out liquid collector tube 3 and at least part capillary tube heat sucker 2 Between form flow path, and the heat exchanger 14 being placed in hot water storage tank 13 makes the flow path form closed loop, i.e. heat exchanger 14 Interior thermal-arrest liquid is pumped into feed liquor through circulating pump 12 after completing it as the function of transmitting heat for warm fluid for heating The upstream of separating tube 1, after the selection that flow path is completed under the control of control unit, through going out the downstream of liquid collector tube 3 again Inflow heat exchanger 14 heats up to heating in hot water storage tank 13 for warm fluid so that absorbing heat for warm fluid, so completes One collection thermal cycle.And under the premise of with physical significance, the flow path can be accessed by adjustable mode The number of the capillary tube heat sucker 2 makes path variable by certain adjustment mode, most easy can such as adjust manually What whole or control unit came optimizes and revises the change for carrying out realizing route.In hot water storage tank 13 for warm fluid through heating circulation pump 16 It is pumped into and is placed in the indoor heating end 15 of user, for user's heating, heat release cooling returns to hot water storage tank for warm fluid 13, so complete a heating circulation.
In addition, realizing the fixation of corresponding heat collection unit by the way that CPC4 is fixed on bottom plate 18.Capillary tube heat sucker 2 Liquid collector tube 3 is connected with feed liquor separating tube 1 and out respectively at both ends, the thermal-arrest liquid in heat exchanger 14 passes through heat collector upstream Heat collector entrance through feed liquor separating tube 1 enter capillary tube heat sucker 2, in capillary tube heat sucker 2 absorb CPC4 reflection heat After amount, it is flow to out liquid collector tube 3, and inflow heat exchanger 14 is exported by the heat collector in heat collector downstream.
As a preference, in order to guarantee the stability and thermal conversion efficiency in heat-absorbing structure, by capillary tube heat sucker 2 It is placed on the position of the focal circle of CPC4, being placed in herein, stricti jurise absolutely not is placed in, but position by being generally residing in Relationship achievees the effect that collecting efficiency improves, and can such as be construed to the position relative to focal circle, and deviation is no more than certain Numerical value can (such as 0.5mm).Have the advantages that collection heat is most intensive since the position is in the range of structures of entire CPC4, Therefore be conducive to improve the collecting efficiency of the thermal-arrest liquid in capillary tube heat sucker 2.
In a kind of possible embodiment, makes path variable by certain adjustment mode, such as can be, on pipeline Several electrically operated valves 5 are distributed with, by adjusting the switch state of each electrically operated valve 5, so that the thermal-arrest as heat-absorbing medium Liquid is entered after the upstream end of liquid separating tube 1 enters heat collector, the electrically operated valve in open state make thermal-arrest liquid into Liquid separating tube 1 goes out to form what adjustable, multistage capillary tube heat sucker 2 absorbed heat between liquid collector tube 3 and capillary tube heat sucker 2 Target flow path.Wherein, it is incremented by using the direction for swimming over to downstream on feed liquor separating tube 1 as the heat absorption series of capillary tube heat sucker 2 Direction, then in order to guarantee thermal-arrest have actual meaning, the endotherm area of the capillary tube heat sucker 2 of the higher high-temperature level of series The endotherm area of >=capillary the tube heat sucker 2 in the lower low-temperature level of series.Thermal-arrest liquid is along the target flow path During, only enter the capillary tube heat sucker 2 that the target flow path is included and absorbs the solar radiation reflected by CPC4 After thermal energy, corresponding collection device and/or application are finally flowed out to by the downstream for going out liquid collector tube 3.In the present invention, By flowing through the thermal-arrest liquid of heat exchanger 14 and the heating fluid heat transfer of hot water storage tank 13, to realize in heating 15 institute of end Environment in user heating.
By adjusting the switch shape for several electrically operated valves 5 being set between feed liquor separating tube 1 and out liquid collector tube 3 State allows the same heat collector to have different target flow paths, i.e., different collection calorific intensitys according to the actual situation.? In a kind of possible embodiment, the switch state of each electrically operated valve 5 can adjust relatively independently, can also will be therein More than one carries out linkage adjustment as a whole.With further reference to Fig. 1, in a kind of possible embodiment, motor-driven valve The installation principle of door 5 can be with are as follows: since thermal-arrest liquid enters the upstream of feed liquor separating tube, passes through every time in feed liquor separating tube 1 After capillary tube heat sucker 2 carries out liquid separation to thermal-arrest liquid, installation is incorporated to motor-driven valve on the supervisor in the downstream side of feed liquor separating tube 1 Door 5, from being incorporated to the second road electrically operated valve 5, under the corresponding position of liquid collector tube 3 out that capillary tube heat sucker 2 is connected It swims also to install on the supervisor of side and is incorporated to electrically operated valve 5.
Certainly, heat collector above-mentioned is mainly made of the CPC4 of the small scale of multiple groups and corresponding capillary tube heat sucker 2 Heat collection unit forms side by side.In a kind of possible embodiment, can capillary absorbing pipe 2 length is shorter and pipe number , can be in parallel by capillary tube heat sucker 2 more than two-way or two-way when comparing more, form single capillary before function is equivalent to The capillary group of tube heat sucker 2, i.e., using the capillary group as most basic unit, in feed liquor separating tube 1 and liquid collector tube 3 out Between be equipped with several such capillary groups, but, each capillary tube heat sucker 2 in each capillary group is needed by two Grade dispenser realizes it with feed liquor separating tube 1 and the connection of liquid collector tube 3 out.
It, can also be with as can be seen that other than using single capillary tube heat sucker 2 as an individual most basic unit By the formation comparable most basic unit of function in parallel of Multi-path capillary heat dump 2.To further increase the collection thermal effect of heat collector Rate.
In addition, the structural integrity in order to guarantee thermal-arrest portion, size of the CPC4 with capillary tube heat sucker 2 in length direction is answered When being adapted, being adapted herein should be construed as roughly the same, herein roughly the same, can such as explain are as follows: capillary is inhaled The length of hot device 2 can be slightly longer, and length difference is no more than some critical numerical value (being no more than 2cm as unilateral).A kind of possible In embodiment, CPC4 interception than range be 0~4/5, and the outer diameter of capillary tube heat sucker 2 no more than 4mm (preferably 1~ 4mm, more preferably 2~4mm) in the case of, CPC4 can have and conventional flat plate collector or vacuum tube collector phase When size (as height≤50mm), in the case of CPC4 is suitable with the size of heat collector of routine, can generate compared with The effect of 10 times of focusing ratio is reached as high as at least 2~5 times of conventional heat collector, hence it is evident that improve collecting efficiency.In addition, CPC4 can use the modes machine-shaping such as 3D printing.
As can be seen that the present invention uses CPC4 instead of traditional absorber plate, with capillary absorbing pipe 2 instead of traditional heat pipe Or conventional absorbing pipe, the introducing of CPC4 increase the endothermic heat flow density of capillary tube heat sucker 2, reduce heat dissipation area；Due to Capillary tube heat sucker 2 can be preferably disposed at the position of substantially focal circle of CPC4 by capillary absorbing pipe 2, therefore sufficiently benefit With the condenser performance of CPC4, so that the temperature of the thermal-arrest liquid in capillary absorbing pipe 2 inside heat collector can reach theory On maximum temperaturerise improve the collecting efficiency of heat collector under the premise of high temp objects area and leaking heat are reduced.
It, can be by introducing control unit, to realize the switch to each electrically operated valve 5 in a kind of possible embodiment The adjustment of state.With further reference to Fig. 1, if the feedback result that control unit obtains is so that in seven electrically operated valves 5 in Fig. 1 (1,3,5,7) (according to being incorporated to sequence, five electrically operated valves 5 successively refer to 1 lower right, 2 it is lower in it is right, 3 it is lower in it is left, 4 it is lower it is left, 5 It is upper right, on 6 in, it is left on 7, wherein electrically operated valve (1,3,5,7) refers to that lower right, lower middle left, upper right, upper left position set the electricity at place Movable valve 5) it is in an open state, then form target flow path (process) as shown by the arrow.But, for through control unit Adjust each electrically operated valve 5 switch state formed flow path for, be still in order to guarantee thermal-arrest have practical significance, On the incremental direction of the heat absorption series of capillary tube heat sucker 2, when the heat absorption series of capillary tube heat sucker 2 is odd number, it is set to The electrically operated valve 5 of most downstream on feed liquor separating tube 1 should close, and be set to the motor-driven valve of the most downstream on liquid collector tube 3 Door 5 should be opened；It is when the heat absorption series of capillary tube heat sucker 2 is even number, then on the contrary.
As can be seen that being the process that heat collecting liquid body can be changed by the switch state for changing each electrically operated valve 5；By changing The process for becoming thermal-arrest liquid enables to out the downstream of liquid collector tube 3 to have different liquid temperature out, such as: complete in electrically operated valve 5 In the case of opening, the target flow path of the thermal-arrest liquid of formation is parallel-connection flow, and the situation opened in part electrically operated valve 5 Under, then the target flow path includes at least a part of serial flow, feelings especially higher in the series for being incorporated to electrically operated valve 5 Under condition, the heat-collecting temperature of thermal-arrest liquid can be significantly hotter than simple parallel-connection flow；Due in above-mentioned parallel-connection flow and serial flow Under (sections in series including all series connection and comprising parallel branch), thermal-arrest liquid is formed when flowing through capillary tube heat sucker 2 Crushing it is different, therefore in the identical situation of flow, can have the pump work of different pumping thermal-arrest liquid.
In addition, being mainly used for controlling as shown in Figure 1, further include the sensor group for detecting the operation data of heat collector The parameter acquisition in portion.Sensor group specifically includes that
I) first sensor group is set to the upstream of feed liquor separating tube 1, for detecting thermal-arrest liquid in heat collector entrance Characteristic parameter, such as be set to thermal-arrest liquid inlet (i.e. the upstream of feed liquor separating tube 1) the first temperature sensor 61, flow Sensor 7 and the first differential pressure pickup measuring point 81 etc.；
Ii) second sensor group is set to the downstream of liquid collector tube 3, exports for detecting thermal-arrest liquid in heat collector The characteristic parameter at place is such as set to 62 He of second temperature sensor in the exit (downstream for going out liquid collector tube 3) of thermal-arrest liquid Second differential pressure pickup measuring point 82 etc.；And
Iii) 3rd sensor group is set in environment locating for heat collector, for detecting environmental parameter, is such as placed in environment In third temperature sensor 63, air velocity transducer 10 and solar radiation sensor 11 etc.；
Iv) heating temperature sensor 64 is set on the water supply pipe of heating circulation, for detecting heating temperature.
Specifically: i), ii), iii) in temperature sensor (61,62,63) at three be respectively used to detection heat collector into and out of The temperature and the environment temperature where heat collector of thermal-arrest liquid at mouthful；I) flow sensor 7 in is for detecting heat collecting liquid The flow of body；I), ii) in differential pressure pickup measuring point (81,82) at two for detect after thermal-arrest liquid flows through heat collector The pressure drop in exit；Iii the air velocity transducer 10 in) is for testing ambient wind velocity；Iii the solar radiation sensor 11 in) is used In test intensity of solar radiation.
Above-mentioned (first, second, third) sensor group and heating temperature sensor 64 are electrically connected with control unit respectively, are used In providing the basic parameter for adjusting the switch state of each electrically operated valve 5 to control unit.I.e. above-mentioned all test datas It is transferred to control unit by signal wire 17, control unit can be placed in hot water storage tank 13 (such as top), can also be placed in hot water storage tank Between 13 and heat collector, naturally it is also possible to set on the inside of heat collector.Heat collector is provided by heat exchanger 14 to hot water storage tank 13 Heating source.Heat collector determines collection heat pattern according to the demand of heating temperature, and heat collector is to the corresponding collection of current heating mode The flow path and flow of thermal-arrest liquid under heat pattern optimize.I.e. control unit passes through the switch shape for controlling electrically operated valve 5 State adjusts the process of thermal-arrest liquid, finally realizes the heating under collection heat pattern corresponding to the demand of different heating temperatures Journey.
In addition, control unit is also electrically connected with the flow control valve 9 for the upstream for being set to feed liquor separating tube 1 by the realization of signal wire 17 It connects, by adjusting flow of the aperture of flow control valve 9 come domination set hot liquid in process.
But, the most important function of control unit is for controlling opening for electrically operated valve 5 according to the operation conditions of heat collector Off status；And then change the target flow path of thermal-arrest liquid.As a kind of specific embodiment, with further reference to Fig. 3, control Portion processed is used to complete the Row control to thermal-arrest liquid, which mainly includes following functions:
31) receive capabilities are used to acquire and upload the parameter of heat collector and can characterize heat collector operating status Data (operation data)；
32) processing function, according to the above-mentioned data received, the setting in conjunction with possessed by current collection heat pattern goes out liquid Temperature (heating demands) optimizes the objective function under current collection heat pattern according to certain Optimized Approaches；
It is to be understood that the Optimized Approaches being mentioned above, can be applied to tear choosing and adjustment open using existing, mature Optimization algorithm (such as neural network algorithm, ant group algorithm, one by one than equity), can also be compiled again according to actual needs Journey, or adjustment appropriate is carried out to existing algorithm, as long as can currently to collect by adjusting the switch state of electrically operated valve 5 Objective function under heat pattern is more excellent.
In addition, about current collection heat pattern several can be preset in control unit in a kind of possible embodiment Selected, classical target operational mode, each target operational mode can have specific objective function, so that it is being obtained It is suitable for occasion corresponding with target operational mode in the case where obtaining optimal value.Alternatively, can also control according to the actual situation Some or certain several new target operational modes are increased in portion newly, so that its objective function is fitted in the case where obtaining optimal value For occasion corresponding with new target operational mode.Wherein, the type of optimal value is included at least with the highest temperature under given flow It rises, to making at a temperature of liquid minimum pump work under maximum stream flow and given temperature and flow.
33) feedback function is used to calculate corresponding each electricity when currently integrating the objective function of heat pattern as optimal value The switch state that movable valve 5 should have, i.e., the target switch state of each electrically operated valve 5；
34) function is executed, feedback module is obtained into switch state that each electrically operated valve 5 should have and collected each The current switch state of a electrically operated valve 5 is compared, and executes order accordingly by sending, so that each electrically operated valve 5 Switch state be adjusted to target switch state.
It is, of course, also possible to have other miscellaneous functions such as display, storage, specifically:
35) display function is used to show the real-time running state of heat collector by certain form, such as can be to fortune Row state is classified, and is then shown in the form of " good, normal, overheat " etc., or according to the actual situation and demand, will Certain parameters of operating status are shown, or the operating status that certain parameters are characterized is with animation streams (such as thermal-arrest liquid Flow path etc.) form shown；
36) store function is used to record and store the parameter and operation data of heat collector；Primarily as spare number According to.Such as heat collector can be influenced convenient for obtaining subsequently through the operating status on heat collector by way of recalling data The factor of energy, to improve the research of thermal performance of collectors.It, can be by recalling correlation or when heat collector breaks down Reference data of the data as accident analysis.
With further reference to Fig. 4-1 and Fig. 4-2, in a kind of possible embodiment, control unit may include control device With two component parts of remote control apparatus, by two component parts cooperate to complete control unit should have it is upper State function " 31~36 "；Such as, the division of labor of two parts can be with are as follows: control device mainly completes relevant main operational and control etc. Function, and remote control apparatus then mainly completes the functions such as display.Specifically:
Core component of the control device as control unit is mainly integrated with following five functions:
4101) data acquisition function acquires the operation data of heat collector and transmits this data to remote control apparatus, In: operation data can include but is not limited to: heat-collecting temperature, flow, the flowing pressure loss of thermal-arrest liquid, environment temperature, wind Speed, one or more of intensity of solar radiation, be mainly used for being calculated according to parameter the fluid temperature rise of heat collector, leaking heat and Crushing etc. characterize the parameter of performance characteristic perhaps certain intermediate parameters or at remote control apparatus end by certain parameters The operating status reflected gives real-time display；And the current switch states of each electrically operated valve 5, as to electrically operated valve 5 Normal condition when switch state is adjusted；
4102) mode confirms function, receives the mode confirmation instruction that remote control apparatus is selected, mode confirmation instruction can Some is selected as current collection heat pattern in several existing heat collector operational modes to include:, or can be according to working as Preceding heat-collecting temperature and flow is manually entered new heat collector operational mode at remote control apparatus end, as current collection hot-die Formula；
4103) calculation function optimizes the objective function under current collection heat pattern, calculates objective function and obtain most The target switch state that corresponding each electrically operated valve 5 should have in the case of the figure of merit, and with reference to it is aforementioned 4101) in benchmark shape State sends corresponding control instruction to each electrically operated valve 5；
4104) storage and writing function, store and record heat collector relevant parameter and operation data (with real time execution The relevant data of state), parameter can include but is not limited to size (such as capillary tube heat sucker 2 and the CPC4 of each component of heat collector Size), operation data can include but is not limited to heat-collecting temperature, flow, thermal-arrest liquid flowing pressure loss, environment temperature, Wind speed and intensity of solar radiation etc.；And record the switch state of each electrically operated valve 5 (including current and adjusted).It deposits Storage is primarily to facilitate with writing function and when needed recalls data, such as can be, the performance to heat collector carry out research with When overall merit, or when analyzing the failure of heat collector, as reference data.
It, can be with the following functions other than the aforementioned four basic function that should have in most cases:
4105) display function shows to the property of can choose the part real-time running state of heat collector according to actual needs, Including but not limited to heat-collecting temperature, flow, thermal-arrest liquid flowing pressure loss, environment temperature, wind speed, intensity of solar radiation, electricity Movable valve switch state and thermal-arrest liquid flow.Display herein is primarily to facilitate site examining and repairing and the manipulation of heat collector.
And remote control apparatus is then mainly integrated with following two function:
4201) display function, selectively receiving control device acquisition or calculated parameter or data, can be with It is strong including but not limited to receive heat-collecting temperature, flow, thermal-arrest liquid flowing pressure loss, environment temperature, wind speed and solar radiation Degree, is mainly used for being shown accordingly on the display interface that remote control apparatus end has, in order to which user understands currently Heat collector running environment situation and heat collector operating parameter, and the switch state of each electrically operated valve 5 can also be received, and Mainly current heat collector operating status is understood convenient for user.
4202) mode confirms function, and sending mode confirmation instruction selects heat collector for control device to control device Current collection heat pattern, and the objective function under current collection heat pattern is optimized, so that the process of thermal-arrest liquid is able to Optimization.
The calculating that the parameter and operation data that the collected heat collector of control device is mainly explained below can participate in, Such as it is mainly used for the temperature rise of calculating heat collector, the pressure loss of leaking heat sum aggregate hot liquid.
Thermal-arrest liquid can be set in the inlet temperature of heat collector inlet as Tin, the area of heat collector is A, and thermal-arrest liquid exists The outlet temperature T in heat collector exitout, the series (number for being from upstream to the heat collection unit that downstream includes) of heat collector is n, Then the area of each grade of distribution is Ai, it is assumed that intensity of solar radiation I, environment temperature Ta, the flow of thermal-arrest liquid is m.
The then temperature rise of the first order are as follows:
Firstly, the temperature rise of the first order meets following formula
IA1-Ql_1=cm (Tout_1-Tin_1)=cm Δ T1 (1)
In formula, Δ T1For the temperature rise of first order thermal-arrest liquid；C is the specific heat of thermal-arrest liquid；Tin_1First order thermal-arrest liquid Inlet temperature, Tin_1=Tin；Tout_1It is also the entrance temperature of second level thermal-arrest liquid for the outlet temperature of first order thermal-arrest liquid Degree: Tin_2=Tout_1；Ql_1For the leaking heat of first order heat dump,
In formula, h is the convection transfer rate of heat collector outer surface and environment, which only has with ambient wind velocity It closes, h=f (v)；Ah_1For the exterior surface area of first order capillary tube heat sucker 2；The temperature rise of the thermal-arrest liquid first order then can be obtained Are as follows:
If the mean temperature of first order thermal-arrest liquid isThe first stage temperature rise then can be obtained are as follows:
Same calculation method, second level heat collecting liquid body temperature rise calculation formula are as follows:
IA2-Ql_2=cm (Tout_2-Tin_2)=cm Δ T2(4)
Then i-stage temperature rise are as follows:
N-th grade of temperature rise are as follows:
If the collector area that can be seen that every level-one capillary heat dump 2 is identical with endotherm area, with series Increase, endothermic temperature is higher and higher, then leaking heat increases therewith；And when series increase to a certain extent after, the heat absorption of heat collector Amount is equal with leaking heat, at this point, the temperature of thermal-arrest liquid reaches highest heat-collecting temperature, will not further increase, subsequent thermal-arrest Process can only waste pump work.Therefore, the liquid temperature out of Yao Tigao heat collector, then need according to every level-one heat collecting liquid body temperature liter Leaking heat afterwards improves the heat dump area of every level-one step by step.
Wherein it is determined that the calculation method of every level-one pipeline number and pressure drop are as follows:
Due to the closing of electrically operated valve 5 is to make the process change of thermal-arrest liquid, the process of thermal-arrest liquid Decision process is mainly the electrically operated valve 5 found and be in close state in process.The determination method of detailed process are as follows:
First determine whether single process, i.e., whether the capillary tube heat sucker 2 of all sockets be parallel connection.When meet except into Except the electrically operated valve 5 of liquid separating tube most end level-one is in close state, other all electrically operated valves 5 are all opening state Under situation, thermal-arrest liquid is single parallel-connection flow.
It is not single parallel-connection flow in thermal-arrest liquid, i.e., in the case of thermal-arrest liquid is multipaths, divides first in feed liquor Liquid pipe 1 finds the electrically operated valve 5 of first closing.That is j=1, i are gradually increased since 1, as a (x, 1)=0, then first-class The pipeline number of journey is x；Then the electrically operated valve 5 of second closing is found on liquid collector tube 3 out, i.e. j=2, i continue to increase from x Add, as a (y, 2)=0, then the pipeline number of second procedure is y-x；Then the electrically operated valve 5 of next closing should be in feed liquor point In liquid pipe 1, then, the electrically operated valve 5 of next closing is found on feed liquor separating tube 1, i.e. j=1, i are continued growing from y, work as a When (z, 2)=0, then the pipeline number of third process is z-y；And so on can obtain every level-one pipeline number until i=n-1. Two electrically operated valves 5 of last column are finally flowed out from liquid collector tube 3 out for domination set hot liquid, last electrically operated valve 5 Switch state controlled by process number: when process pipeline number is odd number, the electrically operated valve 5 on feed liquor separating tube 1 is to close, The valve on liquid collector tube 3 is to open out；When process number is even number, the electrically operated valve 5 on feed liquor separating tube 1 is to open , the electrically operated valve 5 on liquid collector tube 3 is to close out.
Entire heat collector can be calculated after determining the number for completing process and the capillary tube heat sucker 2 in each process The pressure drop of thermal-arrest liquid.Its sum of pressure drop for being equal to every level-one.And the pressure drop of every level-one be equal to capillary tube heat sucker 2 along journey pressure The sum of drop and partial drop of pressure.Wherein:
Single capillary heat dump 2 along journey pressure drop are as follows:
In formula, λ is that, since the flowing of thermal-arrest liquid is generally laminar flow, can use along journey pressure-drop coefficientL For the length of tube that absorbs heat；V is the flow velocity of thermal-arrest liquid in absorbing pipe；G is acceleration of gravity；Re is the Reynolds number of thermal-arrest liquid；ρ is Thermal-arrest fluid density；D is heat absorption pipe outside diameter；μ is thermal-arrest liquid dynamic viscosity.
Partial drop of pressure are as follows:
In formula, ξ is partial drop of pressure coefficient, since the partial drop of pressure of heat collector is mainly feed liquor separating tube 1 to capillary suction Pressure drop caused by hot device 2, capillary tube heat sucker 2 to the caliber mutation and flow direction for going out liquid thermal-collecting tube 3, such as a kind of specific In embodiment, ξ can be taken as 1.
Further, by formula (8) it is found that outlet temperature and solar radiation for the thermal-arrest liquid of multistage heat collector are strong Degree, heat collector area, heat dump area, the hot coefficient of heat transfer of leakage, environment temperature, thermal-arrest specific heat of liquid and flow have relationship.Therefore In the case of given thermal-arrest class of liquids, it is believed that the specific heat of thermal-arrest liquid is constant；In given intensity of solar radiation Under under situation, the face for going out liquid temperature and environment temperature, flow, the area for going out liquid heat collector 3, capillary tube heat sucker 2 of heat collector Product leaks the relating to parameters such as the hot coefficient of heat transfer, it may be assumed that
And it is related with wind speed to leak hot coefficient, it may be assumed that
Tout_i=f (v, Ah_n,An,m,Ta) (12)
And the energy utilization efficiency of heat collector, in addition to thermal-arrest liquid caloric receptivity mutually outside the Pass, also with pumping thermal-arrest The pump work of liquid is related.Specifically: heat collector net efficiency=(heat collecting liquid body temperature liter-pump work)/solar radiation energy.And pump work Then there is relationship with the flow of thermal-arrest liquid and process.That is, to obtain the net energy utilization efficiency of higher heat collector, Under the premise of meeting the feed flow temperature and flow of thermal-arrest liquid, the process of thermal-arrest liquid is reasonably planned, and by the greatest extent Amount reduces the pressure drop of thermal-arrest liquid to reduce pump work.
Therefore, under the conditions of different solar radiations, capillary can be adjusted by adjusting the switch state of electrically operated valve 5 The area of tube heat sucker 2 and adjusted by the area of heat collector and flow heat collector go out liquid temperature and net energy utilizes Efficiency.If the operating mode of heat collector may include following three kinds of target operational modes:
1) maximum temperaturerise under given flow, the mode are suitable for the situation required to the heat-collecting temperature of heat collector.
2) to the maximum stream flow made at a temperature of liquid, which is suitable for the situation required to the heat-collecting capacity of heat collector.
3) the minimum pump work under given temperature, flow, the mode are suitable for that thermal-arresting energy-saving is required to run, are minimum from wasted work Situation.
Referring to Fig.1, it is the path for more clearly expressing thermal-arrest liquid, can be such as indicated by matrix A={ a (i, j) } The switch state of each electrically operated valve 5.Wherein (i, j) indicates the coordinate of electrically operated valve 5, wherein i is indicated along thermal-arrest liquid The columns of flow direction, j indicate the line number along thermal-arrest liquid flow direction.Such as: indicating that the electrically operated valve 5 is feed liquor when j=1 Indicate that the electrically operated valve 5 is the electrically operated valve 5 on liquid collector tube 3 when electrically operated valve 5, j=2 on separating tube 1.A's (i, j) It is worth the switch state for the electrically operated valve 5 that indicates coordinate is (i, j)；It such as may is that as a (i, j)=1, indicate that electrically operated valve 5 is Open state, and as a (i, j)=0, then it represents that electrically operated valve 5 is in off state.Then each electrically operated valve of entire heat collector 5 switch state can be expressed as (0,1) matrix of n × 2, it can be described by the value of each a (i, j) entire The process of the thermal-arrest liquid of heat collector.
The specific optimization algorithm that control unit controls the switch state of electrically operated valve 5 may be summarized to be:
It is the setting of objective function first: according to user demand or the analysis based on research and/or practice, sets several A alternative objective function, such as alternative objective function may include following three kinds of functions:
I) index that objective function obtains is the maximum temperaturerise under given flow, it may be assumed that
When m=constant, f1=max (Δ T)；Wherein Δ T indicates the maximum temperature rise of thermal-arrest liquid；
Ii) index that objective function obtains is to the maximum stream flow made at a temperature of liquid, it may be assumed that
As thermal-arrest liquid discharge liquid temperature ToutWhen=constant, f2=max (m)；
Iii) index that objective function obtains is to the minimum pump work made at a temperature of liquid, it may be assumed that
As liquid temperature T outoutWhen sum aggregate hot liquid flow m=constant, f3=min (Ppump)。
Since heating temperature has been set, i.e., heat-collecting temperature is also it has been determined that so above-mentioned objective function iii) corresponding collection Heat pattern is suitable for the present invention, i.e., heat collector is applied to circulation heating apparatus.
Remote control apparatus can select any one in above-mentioned objective function as the mesh under current collection heat pattern Scalar functions, the objective function are the collection heat pattern of corresponding a certain emphasis (particular requirement under applicable situation).One kind can In the embodiment of energy, the process optimized to the collection heat pattern may include:
Initialization step: random to generate the M n for meeting the process of the above-mentioned thermal-arrest liquid that be used to describe entire heat collector The value of × 2 matrix, i.e., element a [i, j] therein randomly selects between zero and one, and rejecting in above-mentioned M matrix does not have physics The matrix of meaning, such as the matrix of physical significance does not include at least:
A) the matrix for causing the process open circuit of thermal-arrest liquid need to guarantee that as a (i, 1) and a (i, 2) cannot be simultaneously 0.
With further reference to figure, whenWhen, upper lower two electrically operated valves 5 in are in simultaneously due in Closed state will lead to the thermal-arrest liquid open circuit in heat collector, that is, can not achieve most basic heat collector entrance inflow, outlet stream Path out belongs to invalid process, it is therefore desirable to be rejected before optimizing calculating to path.
B) matrix that high-temperature level collector area is less than low-temperature level area, i.e., the heat collector surface of the process of every grade thermal-arrest liquid are rejected The collector area of product≤rear stage, and the collector area of >=previous stage.
With further reference to figure, whenWhen, i.e., all electrically operated valves 5 are in an open state, and process is simultaneously Connection；WhenWhen, it is thtee-stage shiplock thermal-arrest；
WhenWhen, two-stage thermal-arrest is formed, wherein rudimentary is a process thermal-arrest, second level is two process collection Heat, second level collector area are greater than level-one collector area, meet the requirements；
And work asWhen, it is similarly formed two-stage thermal-arrest, wherein rudimentary is two process thermal-arrests, second level one Process thermal-arrest, second level collector area is less than level-one collector area, undesirable, should give rejecting.The reason of rejecting are as follows: when low When the temperature of grade thermal-arrest is sufficiently high, leaking heat >=solar radiation quantity of advanced thermal-arrest will cause, then the thermal-arrest temperature of heat collector Degree will not continue to increase, i.e., the collector area of advanced thermal-arrest does not contribute the thermal-arrest of heat collector, it is therefore desirable to path into Row optimization is rejected before calculating.
The corresponding target function value of M1 matrix after rejecting, with physical significance is calculated, stage optimal value is obtained. Using the corresponding matrix A of stage optimal value as the initial value of objective matrix B；That is: the M1 matrix with physical significance is selected In optimal that matrix of corresponding target function value, the initial value as objective matrix B；
Optimization Steps: optimizing above-mentioned objective matrix B according to the rule of setting, meets stopping for setting in optimization process Only to get the target function value arrived under the collection heat pattern when condition.Corresponding thermal-arrest liquid path is obtained according to target function value, Thermal-arrest liquid path after as optimizing.Control device combines the open and-shut mode of current electrically operated valve 5, to each electronic Valve 5 sends instruction, and the path of thermal-arrest liquid is adjusted to the path of the corresponding thermal-arrest liquid of the target function value.
As a kind of simple example may is that user at remote control apparatus end by the target operation mould of current heat collector The index that formula is set as being obtained as objective function is collection heat pattern corresponding to " maximum temperaturerise under given flow ", then controls dress It sets and the M1 corresponding control instruction of matrix A as initial value is issued to each electrically operated valve 5:
Such as above-mentioned M1=1, the path of the thermal-arrest liquid for the heat collector that control instruction corresponding to matrix A is formed is " multistage Series connection ", (2,5) in five electrically operated valves in for example Fig. 1 are in an open state, remaining is in off state, this i.e. initial value pair The stage optimal value answered, the i.e. initial value as objective matrix B [n, 2].According to the stage optimal value, test is calculated simultaneously Record the inlet and outlet temperature difference of heat collector.
The process optimized to above-mentioned stage optimal value can be, control device according to the rule of setting (such as empirical value, Random data exchange etc.) adjustment matrix A in element value, such as by be thermal-arrest liquid path be adjusted to " most end two-stage be go here and there Connection ", (1,5) (lower right, the upper left side) in 5 electrically operated valves in for example Fig. 1 are in off state, remaining is in an open state, and is formed Be string and combined two-stage process, this i.e. first suboptimization for being carried out to stage optimal value.According to the first time optimal value.Root According to the first time optimal value, the temperature difference of the import and export of heat collector is tested, calculated and record.
The path of comparison perfecting by stage value and the corresponding two kinds of thermal-arrest liquid of first time optimal value is at heat collector import and export The temperature difference, if the first (" plural serial stage ") inlet and outlet temperature difference be greater than second, control device retransmit instruction, with " plural serial stage " does not replace the value of objective matrix B [n, 2] as current thermal-arrest liquid flow, according to setting rule into Traveling one-step optimization；If the first temperature difference less than second, needs to change process, by the corresponding thermal-arrest of first time optimal value The path of liquid is as current thermal-arrest liquid flow, i.e. after the initial value of objective matrix B [n, 2] replaces with change process Value, is advanced optimized according to the rule of setting；Condition (such as iteration or exchange times) until meeting setting, i.e., will most Thermal-arrest liquid flow corresponding to primary optimal value calculates under the optimal state of value as the optimal value under the collection heat pattern afterwards The import and export temperature difference of thermal-arrest liquid of heat collector be maximum temperaturerise (outlet temperature-inlet temperature), and obtain objective matrix The process of the corresponding thermal-arrest liquid of B [n, 2].
Certainly, it in order to shorten the operation cost of optimization and improve optimum level, can also carry out according to actual needs It programs or introduces existing other and be used to carry out the ripe algorithm of optimization selection.It, will be current such as still with previous example Heat collector target operational mode be set as be by the index that objective function obtains " maximum temperaturerise under given flow " institute it is right The mode answered, inventor have carried out a kind of specific programming according to actual demand, to the optimization process, and logic diagram is specifically joined According to Fig. 5, the detailed process that is optimized by the algorithm of the programming to the path of thermal-arrest liquid can be with are as follows:
501) the corresponding target function value of each matrix of M1 is calculated, optimal optimal as the stage of selection target functional value Value；It extracts the corresponding matrix A of stage optimal value and is stored in objective matrix B [n, 2], as the first of objective matrix B [n, 2] Initial value.
502) probability in M1 matrix with setting selects matrix selection matrix A1 and A2 and carries out calculated crosswise, gives birth to again At two new matrix As 1 ' and A2 '.The mode of calculated crosswise is as follows: 1. generating integer C at random between 1 and n；2. by matrix A 1 The numerical value of (i > C) is interchangeable in the element a1 [i, j] and a2 [i, j] in A2；3. there is no physics after rejecting matrix switch The matrix of meaning, while the matrix of not physical significance B [n, 2] cover being replaced；Generate the matrix group after intersecting.
Wherein, whether some matrix in matrix group is selected the probability for calculated crosswise, corresponding with the matrix The calculated value of objective function is related, it may be assumed that when objective function is the function of maximizing operation described in the present embodiment, then square The corresponding target function value of matrix in battle array group is bigger, then is selected bigger for the probability of intersection；Correspondingly, work as target Function be minimize operation function when, then the corresponding target function value of matrix in matrix group is smaller, then be selected use In intersection probability with regard to smaller.
503) variation calculating is carried out to the matrix group after intersection obtained above, the mode for the calculating that makes a variation is as follows: 1. 1 Generate integer D at random between n；2. determining whether the matrix individual in above-mentioned matrix group participates in making a variation with certain probability It calculates.Herein, single matrix participates in the probability completely random of variation, unrelated with remaining any condition；3. if some matrix A It takes part in variation to calculate, then it is reverse the corresponding numerical value of a [i, j] (i=D) to be carried out logic, it may be assumed that if it is 1, then becomes 0；If It is 0, then is assigned a value of 1；4. rejecting the matrix of not no physical significance after matrix variation；Still the matrix of not physical significance is used B [n, 2] cover replaces；Matrix group after generating variation.
504) after carrying out above-mentioned variation, intersection, the initial value of an optimal matrix of target value and B [n, 2] are compared, If corresponding target function value is better than initial value, continued with stage optimal value substitution initial value if initial value is more excellent Retain initial value to get to stage optimal value, aforementioned intersection and mutation operator is repeated to the matrix group body after variation, to rank Section optimal value is advanced optimized.
505) until reach setting the number of iterations or setting other stop conditions when, in M1 obtained matrix In, according to its corresponding target function value, by one group of optimal value as objective matrix B [n, 2] that target function value is optimal.
506) switch state for controlling each electrically operated valve 5 is adjusted, so that the flow path of thermal-arrest liquid is according to target Path determined by the optimal value of matrix B [n, 2] is optimal path.
According to actual needs, the flow that the thermal-arrest liquid of heat collector is entered by adjusting, by each in control heat collector A electrically operated valve 5 is opened and closed to adjust the process of thermal-arrest liquid, combining environmental temperature, wind speed, solar radiation, heat collector size etc. Influence factor can realize different liquid temperature out for different applications in the downstream of liquid collector tube 3 out.Such as exist It is then real by driving absorption refrigeration or organic Rankine cycle power generation system by liquid temperature out to 100 DEG C or more when summer The utilization that now thermal energy of collection is freezed or generated electricity improves the conversion ratio of thermal energy collected by heat collector.
The step of circulation heating is realized using thermal-arrest liquid control method of the invention specifically: after booting, control unit root According to the parameter (such as including the size of heat collector, the size of capillary absorbing pipe 2, the size of CPC4) and operation data of heat collector (such as environment temperature, wind speed, solar radiation, thermal-arrest liquid out temperature, pressure drop and flow etc.), to the mesh of current collection heat pattern Scalar functions optimize, and in the case of objective function optimal value, the switch state of corresponding each electrically operated valve 5 is determined The process of thermal-arrest liquid be theoretic best process.After thermal-arrest liquid flows out heat collector through best process, flows into and store Heat exchanger 14 inside boiler 13, inside heat storage water tank 13 for warm fluid.Thermal-arrest liquid and between passing through for warm fluid Wall type heat exchanger exchanges heat, and heat exchange but is not mixed.The main points that the present invention includes specifically include that
1) by being heat absorbing member with capillary tube heat sucker 2, instead of heat pipe or conventional absorbing pipe, the processing is simple, at low cost It is honest and clean, and as a preference, capillary tube heat sucker 2 outer diameter≤4mm (preferably 1~4mm, more preferably 2~4mm), and By using CPC4 as beam condensing unit, and as a preference, the interception of CPC4 than range is 0~4/5,3D printing can use Etc. processing technologys molding, effectively increase the endothermic heat flow density of capillary tube heat sucker 2, reduce heat dissipation area, can make The size (being highly less than or equal to 50mm) of CPC4 is suitable with conventional panel heat collector and vacuum tube collector, and has conventional thermal-arrest 2~5 times of device even as high as 10 times of focusing ratio.It and according to the actual situation and demand, can be with 2 institute of single capillary heat dump The corresponding heat collection unit heat absorbing units basic as one, also can use second level dispenser will be mostly with capillary tube heat sucker 2 The heat absorbing units basic as one in parallel；And entire heat collector is connected by metal tubes, therefore has certain pressure-bearing Ability, while there is frost-cracking-preventing ability in winter.
2) thermal-arrest liquid (can be liquid above-mentioned or gaseous medium) be adjusted by the switch state of electrically operated valve 5 Flow path, and the switch state of electrically operated valve 5 can be by control unit according to set temperature, environment temperature, wind speed, the sun Radiation intensity, thermal-arrest fluid flow and/or disengaging flow pressure drop etc. parameters determine, so that the complete machine under current collection thermal environment Collecting efficiency farthest catered to the demand of application.According to different needs, opening by adjusting electrically operated valve 5 Off status adjusts the process into the thermal-arrest liquid of heat collector, can also be adjusted by the aperture of flow control valve 9 The flow of the thermal-arrest liquid of heat collector, so as to realize user for the demand of different heating temperatures to the full extent.
In conjunction with attached drawing, embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above, and attached drawing herein is for providing to this Invention is further understood.Obviously, the foregoing is merely the preferable specific embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention Be not limited thereto, it is any be to one skilled in the art can readily occur in, essentially without be detached from it is of the invention Change or replacement are also all included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. a kind of circulation heating apparatus, which is characterized in that the heating installation includes:
Heating circulation comprising hot water storage tank, heating end and heating circulation pump；And
Solar thermal collector comprising shell and be placed in the intracorporal thermal-arrest portion of the shell；
Wherein, the thermal-arrest portion includes feed liquor separating tube, goes out liquid collector tube and be placed between the two, several collection arranged side by side Hot cell；
Wherein, each heat collection unit includes compound parabolic concentrator and is placed on the compound parabolic concentrator across column Capillary tube heat sucker, the thermal-arrest liquid absorption in the capillary tube heat sucker too can by what the compound parabolic concentrator reflected Radiation energy；
The thermal-arrest liquid the feed liquor separating tube, it is described go out liquid collector tube and at least part capillary tube heat sucker it Between form flow path, the heat exchanger being placed in hot water storage tank makes the flow path form closed loop；Pass through adjustable mode Access the number of the capillary tube heat sucker of the flow path；
Several electrically operated valves are distributed on the feed liquor separating tube and the liquid collector tube out, by adjusting each described electronic The switch state of valve, the electrically operated valve in open state enable to thermal-arrest liquid in the feed liquor separating tube, the liquid out The flow path of adjustable, multistage capillary tube heat sucker heat absorption is formed between collector tube and the capillary tube heat sucker；
Wherein, to swim over to the direction in the downstream direction incremental as the heat absorption series of capillary tube heat sucker on feed liquor separating tube, then grade The endotherm area of the capillary tube heat sucker of the higher high-temperature level of number >=capillary tube heat sucker in the lower low-temperature level of series Endotherm area.
2. circulation heating apparatus according to claim 1, which is characterized in that further include control unit, with each motor-driven valve Door is electrical connection, for adjusting the switch state of each electrically operated valve；
And in the flow path that the switch state for adjusting each electrically operated valve through the control unit is formed, inhaled in capillary On the incremental direction of the heat absorption series of hot device, when total heat absorption series of capillary tube heat sucker is odd number, it is set to the feed liquor point The electrically operated valve of most downstream in liquid pipe is closed, and the electrically operated valve of the most downstream on the liquid collector tube out is opened；Work as hair When the heat absorption series of tubule heat dump is even number, the electrically operated valve of the most downstream on the feed liquor separating tube is opened, and is set to The electrically operated valve of most downstream on the liquid collector tube out is closed.
3. circulation heating apparatus according to claim 2, which is characterized in that be additionally provided with adjusting stream on the feed liquor separating tube Control valve adjusts the aperture for adjusting flow control valve by the control unit, to adjust thermal-arrest liquid in the flowing Flow in path.
4. circulation heating apparatus according to claim 2, which is characterized in that further include sensor group comprising:
First sensor group is set to the upstream of the feed liquor separating tube, joins for detecting thermal-arrest liquid in the feature of entrance Number；
Second sensor group is set to the downstream of the liquid collector tube out, joins for detecting feature of the thermal-arrest liquid in exit Number；
3rd sensor group is set in environment locating for the solar thermal collector, for detecting environmental parameter；And
Heating temperature sensor is set on water supply pipe, for detecting the temperature for warm fluid；
The first sensor group, second sensor group, 3rd sensor group and the heating temperature sensor respectively with institute Control unit electrical connection is stated, for providing the benchmark ginseng of the switch state for adjusting each electrically operated valve to the control unit Number.
5. circulation heating apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, which is characterized in that with capillary heat absorption The axial direction of device is the size of length direction, the compound parabolic concentrator and the capillary tube heat sucker in the length direction It is adapted, and the range of the interception ratio of the compound parabolic concentrator is 0 ~ 4/5.
6. circulation heating apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, which is characterized in that the capillary tube heat sucker It is placed on the focal circle of the compound parabolic concentrator along its length, and caliber≤4mm of the capillary tube heat sucker.
7. circulation heating apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, which is characterized in that by the institute of two-way or more It states capillary tube heat sucker parallel connection and forms capillary group, the two sides of the capillary group pass through second level dispenser and the feed liquor respectively Separating tube is connected to the liquid collector tube out.
8. a kind of flow control method of thermal-arrest liquid, which is characterized in that be suitable for the described in any item circulations of claim 1-7 Heating installation, the flow control method include:
Control unit acquires the parameter and operation data of solar thermal collector, also acquires the supply water temperature for warm fluid；
Control unit based on the parameter with the operation data, to corresponding solar thermal collector under selected current heating mode Objective function optimize；
Control unit obtains corresponding feed liquor separating tube and liquid liquid collecting out set on solar thermal collector when objective function is optimal value The target switch state of each electrically operated valve on pipe；
Wherein, the optimal value is minimum pump work under given temperature and flow；
The switch state of electrically operated valve is adjusted to target switch state by control unit, so that the thermal-arrest liquid of solar thermal collector exists Feed liquor separating tube goes out to form adjustable flow path between liquid collector tube, capillary tube heat sucker and hot water storage tank.
9. flow control method according to claim 8, which is characterized in that the flow control method further include:
Control unit shows the information obtained according to parameter and operation data, comprising:
Liquid in-out temperature, flow and the pressure difference of thermal-arrest liquid；Current environmental parameter；And each electrically operated valve is current Switch state；
The parameter and operation data for storing heating circulation, recall for subsequent.
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