CN106381775A - Railway sleeper reinforcing structure - Google Patents

Railway sleeper reinforcing structure Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN106381775A
CN106381775A CN201610766002.0A CN201610766002A CN106381775A CN 106381775 A CN106381775 A CN 106381775A CN 201610766002 A CN201610766002 A CN 201610766002A CN 106381775 A CN106381775 A CN 106381775A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
parts
railroad sleeper
reinforcing
sleeper structure
composite winding
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CN201610766002.0A
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Other versions
CN106381775B (en
Inventor
任莉莉
任延鹏
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Liaoning Railway Vocational and Technical College
Original Assignee
Liaoning Railway Vocational and Technical College
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Liaoning Railway Vocational and Technical College filed Critical Liaoning Railway Vocational and Technical College
Priority to CN201610766002.0A priority Critical patent/CN106381775B/en
Publication of CN106381775A publication Critical patent/CN106381775A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN106381775B publication Critical patent/CN106381775B/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B3/00—Transverse or longitudinal sleepers; Other means resting directly on the ballastway for supporting rails
    • E01B3/44—Transverse or longitudinal sleepers; Other means resting directly on the ballastway for supporting rails made from other materials only if the material is essential
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L69/00—Compositions of polycarbonates; Compositions of derivatives of polycarbonates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D4/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, based on organic non-macromolecular compounds having at least one polymerisable carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond ; Coating compositions, based on monomers of macromolecular compounds of groups C09D183/00 - C09D183/16
    • C09D4/06—Organic non-macromolecular compounds having at least one polymerisable carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond in combination with a macromolecular compound other than an unsaturated polymer of groups C09D159/00 - C09D187/00
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
    • C08K2201/011—Nanostructured additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
    • C08L2205/03—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing three or more polymers in a blend

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a railway sleeper reinforcing structure. A composite winding layer is arranged outside a railway sleeper body, and a protective coating is smeared outside the composite winding layer. The railway sleeper body 1 is prepared from, by weight, 70-80 parts of PC, 10-20 parts of ABS, 1-10 parts of inorganic nanoparticles, 0.5-10 parts of AS, 15-20 kg/m3 of steel fibers, 10-13 kg/m3 of basalt fibers, 3.5-10.5 parts of a chemical-resistant modifying agent, and 0.3-1.5 parts of other assistants. The molecular weight of the AS is 10,000-80,000, and the AS comprises 10-30% of vinyl cyanide and 70-90% of styrene. The composite winding layer is formed by winding transverse bamboo split units and longitudinal bamboo fiber materials in a longitudinal-axis-surrounding winding combination mode. The railway sleeper reinforcing structure is high in structural strength, resistant to impact, low in weight, not prone to rotting, long in service life and stable in performance.

Description

A kind of reinforcing railroad sleeper structure
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of railway stock is and in particular to a kind of reinforce railroad sleeper structure.
Background technology
At present, railway has become most important one kind in numerous transport facilitys, sleeper as its important component part, Its performance quality plays vital effect to the safe operation of railway or even the development of national economy.
In world's railroad sleeper technograph, in succession occur in that sleeper, steel tie and concrete sleeper, these three rails Pillow played an important role in the different periods of history.Wherein, sleeper low cost, elastic good, lightweight, easy processing and paving If, and good insulating, but there is also the problems such as easy to crack, weatherability is poor, service life is short it is even more important that sleeper is to disappear The consumption forest reserves are cost, will necessarily cause serious environmental problem, the economic sustainable development of impact.And steel tie is prominent Advantage is long service life, wastes of iron and steel recoverable, but weak point to be cost high, noise is big, weight is big, laying and dimension Shield extremely inconvenience, has therefore only applied in a few countries.Comparatively speaking, concrete sleeper combines sleeper low cost and steel The advantages of sleeper long service life, good stability, it is a kind of current application sleeper the most universal, but it is same as steel tie Sample has that weight is big, elasticity and silencing and damping effect is poor, poor insulativity the shortcomings of, and easily generation is split under load effect Seam, thus constitutes major safety risks to traffic safety.
In recent years, with the development with heavy haul railway at a high speed, and the environmental issue becoming increasingly conspicuous, and people are to safety Property, the current demand of economy, comfortableness, in the urgent need to developing a kind of brand-new sleeper material.Especially bridge in recent years Security incident substantially tends to multiple, especially bridge tie is put forward higher requirement for this, not only needs high performance, more wants light weight Change, reinforcingization.
Content of the invention
For solving the above problems, the invention provides a kind of reinforce railroad sleeper structure, structural strength height, impact resistance, weight Amount is light, not apt to rot, life-span length, stable performance.
For achieving the above object, the technical scheme that the present invention takes is：
A kind of reinforcing railroad sleeper structure, including railroad sleeper body, described railroad sleeper body is externally provided with composite winding, It is coated with protective coating outside described composite winding；Described railroad sleeper body 1 is prepared from by the raw material of following weight portion：
70～80 parts of PC, 10～20 parts of ABS, 1～10 part of inorganic nano-particle, 0.5～10 part of AS, steel fibre 15～ 20kg/m3, basalt fibre 10～13kg/m3, 3.5～10.5 parts of chemicals-resistant modifying agent, 0.3～1.5 part of other auxiliary agents；Institute Stating AS molecular weight is 10000～80000, including 10～30% acrylonitrile, 70～90% styrene；
Composite winding layer by horizontal bamboo slight unit and longitudinal bamboo fiber material by ring longitudinally wound combining form twine Around forming, described composite winding adopts ring longitudinally wound winding angle is 25～86 °, and ply stacking-sequence is：Longitudinal bamboo fiber material Material+horizontal bamboo slights+longitudinal bamboo fiber material.
Preferably, described protective coating 3 is prepared from by the raw material of following weight portion：
30～50 parts of acrylic acid methyl ester., 3～8 parts of AS resin, epoxy modified phenolic resin 20-30 part, carboxymethyl cellulose 0.5～1.5 part, 3～6 parts of nano-calcium carbonate, 3～6 parts of heat stabilizer, 10～25 parts of heat filling, infrared external reflection titanium dioxide 0.65～2.35 part, 0.3～0.5 part of light stabilizer, 0～0.8 part of PPDI, white fused alumina micropowder 15-25 part, mill base 0～3.6 part, 7～13 parts of core-shell acrylic elastic emulsion.
Preferably, described AS molecular weight is 10000～80000, including 10～30% acrylonitrile, 70～90% benzene second Alkene.
Preferably, the weight average molecular weight of described AS resin is 6-12W, and the content of oligomer and residual monomer is less than 300ppm.
Preferably, described inorganic nano-particle is nano titanium oxide.
Preferably, described chemicals-resistant modifying agent is the acrylic acid seriess additive of perfluoroalkyl.
Preferably, other auxiliary agents described include antioxidant, lubricant, foaming agent and foam stabilizer.
Preferably, described heat stabilizer is the copolymer of N-phenylmaleimide or the copolymer of-methyl styrene.
Preferably, the particle diameter of described infrared external reflection titanium dioxide is 1000nm-1300nm, TiO2Content is 85%-95%, Surface coating layer SiO2With Al2O3Content be 5-15%；In described heat filling magnesium oxide, zinc oxide, boron nitride, aluminium nitride The mixture of one or more, the particle diameter of described heat filling is more than 97% in 0.5um-1.0um, purity；Described light is stable Agent is in salicylate, benzophenone, triazines, the UV absorbent of benzotriazole and hindered amines free radical scavenger One or more mixture.
The invention has the advantages that：
Not only high mechanical strength, corrosion-resistant, resisting fatigue, weatherability are strong, and low water suction, electric insulation, ruggedness are good, heavier Want is that it is lightweight, can go out the sleeper of all kinds and dimensions by different mould moldings, and structure-rich is various, And lay conveniently, different operating modes can be met, both can be used as general road and rested the head on it is also possible to make switch sleeper or bridge tie, reduced bridge The safety and stability of railway operation is improve while beam deadweight.
Brief description
Fig. 1 is a kind of profile reinforcing railroad sleeper structure of the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
In order that objects and advantages of the present invention become more apparent, with reference to embodiments the present invention is carried out further Describe in detail.It should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein, only in order to explain the present invention, is not used to limit this Bright.
As shown in figure 1, embodiments providing a kind of reinforcing railroad sleeper structure, including railroad sleeper body 1, institute State railroad sleeper body 1 and be externally provided with composite winding 2, outside described composite winding 2, be coated with protective coating 3；Railroad sleeper body 1, The thickness of composite winding 2 and protective coating 3 can be designed according to different laying environments, described railroad sleeper body 1 by The raw material of following weight portion is prepared from：
70～80 parts of PC, 10～20 parts of ABS, 1～10 part of inorganic nano-particle, 0.5～10 part of AS, steel fibre 15～ 20kg/m3, basalt fibre 10～13kg/m3, 3.5～10.5 parts of chemicals-resistant modifying agent, 0.3～1.5 part of other auxiliary agents；Institute Stating AS molecular weight is 10000～80000, including 10～30% acrylonitrile, 70～90% styrene；
Composite winding layer 2 by horizontal bamboo slight unit and longitudinal bamboo fiber material by ring longitudinally wound combining form twine Around forming, described composite winding 2 adopts ring longitudinally wound winding angle is 25～86 °, and ply stacking-sequence is：Longitudinal bamboo fiber Material+horizontal bamboo slights+longitudinal bamboo fiber material.
Preferably, described protective coating 3 is prepared from by the raw material of following weight portion：
30～50 parts of acrylic acid methyl ester., 3～8 parts of AS resin, epoxy modified phenolic resin 20-30 part, carboxymethyl cellulose 0.5～1.5 part, 3～6 parts of nano-calcium carbonate, 3～6 parts of heat stabilizer, 10～25 parts of heat filling, infrared external reflection titanium dioxide 0.65～2.35 part, 0.3～0.5 part of light stabilizer, 0～0.8 part of PPDI, white fused alumina micropowder 15-25 part, mill base 0～3.6 part, 7～13 parts of core-shell acrylic elastic emulsion.
Described AS molecular weight is 10000～80000, including 10～30% acrylonitrile, 70～90% styrene.
The weight average molecular weight of described AS resin is 6-12W, and the content of oligomer and residual monomer is less than 300ppm.
Described inorganic nano-particle is nano titanium oxide.
Described chemicals-resistant modifying agent is the acrylic acid seriess additive of perfluoroalkyl.
Other auxiliary agents described include antioxidant, lubricant, foaming agent and foam stabilizer.
Described heat stabilizer is the copolymer of N-phenylmaleimide or the copolymer of-methyl styrene.
The particle diameter of described infrared external reflection titanium dioxide is 1000nm-1300nm, TiO2Content is 85%-95%, and surface is wrapped Coating SiO2With Al2O3Content be 5-15%；One of described heat filling magnesium oxide, zinc oxide, boron nitride, aluminium nitride Or several mixture, in 0.5um-1.0um, purity is more than 97% to the particle diameter of described heat filling；Described light stabilizer is water One of poplar acid esters, benzophenone, triazines, the UV absorbent of benzotriazole and hindered amines free radical scavenger or Multiple mixture.
Originally it is embodied as being used as railroad sleeper body by composite, by from low oligomer, low-residue single content AS resin, and the interpolation of inorganic nano-particle improves the toughness of railroad sleeper body；, introduce the acrylic acid seriess of perfluoroalkyl , as chemicals-resistant modifying agent, the transport efficiency of this additive is high for additive, can be completely migrating to table in preparation process Face forms a kind of protecting film, this layer of protecting film and water is incompatible and performance that have stronger acid and alkali-resistance, can greatly reduce out Split situation, yield is prepared in raising；By the interpolation of steel fibre and basalt fibre, enhance the overall strong of railroad sleeper body Degree；It is wound reinforcing with elastic bamboo wood using having excellent toughness, further increase the mechanical strength of whole material, with Shi Caiyong infrared external reflection titanium dioxide, can the significantly visible ray of reflected sunlight and infrared part energy, heat filling in addition Heat release collaborative contribution, can make greatly to reduce the surface temperature of railroad sleeper, thus substantially increasing railway The weatherability of sleeper.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention it is noted that ordinary skill people for the art For member, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made, these improvements and modifications also should It is considered as protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. a kind of reinforce railroad sleeper structure, including railroad sleeper body (1) it is characterised in that described railroad sleeper body (1) It is externally provided with composite winding (2), outside described composite winding (2), be coated with protective coating (3)；Described railroad sleeper body (1) by with The raw material of lower weight portion is prepared from：
70～80 parts of PC, 10～20 parts of ABS, 1～10 part of inorganic nano-particle, 0.5～10 part of AS, steel fibre 15～20kg/ m3, basalt fibre 10～13kg/m3, 3.5～10.5 parts of chemicals-resistant modifying agent, 0.3～1.5 part of other auxiliary agents；Described AS divides Son is measured as 10000～80000, including 10～30% acrylonitrile, 70～90% styrene；
Composite winding layer (2) slights unit by horizontal bamboo and longitudinal bamboo fiber material pass through ring longitudinally wound combining form be wound around Form, described composite winding (2) adopts ring longitudinally wound winding angle is 25～86 °, and ply stacking-sequence is：Longitudinal bamboo fiber Material+horizontal bamboo slights+longitudinal bamboo fiber material.
2. a kind of railroad sleeper structure of reinforcing as claimed in claim 1 is it is characterised in that described protective coating (3) is by following The raw material of weight portion is prepared from：
30～50 parts of acrylic acid methyl ester., 3～8 parts of AS resin, epoxy modified phenolic resin 20-30 part, carboxymethyl cellulose 0.5～ 1.5 parts, 3～6 parts of nano-calcium carbonate, 3～6 parts of heat stabilizer, 10～25 parts of heat filling, infrared external reflection titanium dioxide 0.65～ 2.35 parts, 0.3～0.5 part of light stabilizer, 0～0.8 part of PPDI, white fused alumina micropowder 15-25 part, mill base 0～3.6 Part, 7～13 parts of core-shell acrylic elastic emulsion.
3. as claimed in claim 1 a kind of reinforce railroad sleeper structure it is characterised in that described AS molecular weight be 10000～ 80000, including 10～30% acrylonitrile, 70～90% styrene.
4. as claimed in claim 2 a kind of reinforcing railroad sleeper structure it is characterised in that the weight average molecular weight of described AS resin For 6-12W, the content of oligomer and residual monomer is less than 300ppm.
5. a kind of reinforcing railroad sleeper structure as claimed in claim 1 is it is characterised in that described inorganic nano-particle is nanometer Titanium dioxide.
6. a kind of railroad sleeper structure of reinforcing as claimed in claim 1 is it is characterised in that described chemicals-resistant modifying agent is complete The acrylic acid seriess additive of fluoroalkyl.
7. a kind of railroad sleeper structure of reinforcing as claimed in claim 1 is it is characterised in that other auxiliary agents described include antioxygen Agent, lubricant, foaming agent and foam stabilizer.
8. a kind of reinforcing railroad sleeper structure as claimed in claim 2 is it is characterised in that described heat stabilizer is N- phenyl horse Carry out the copolymer of imido copolymer or-methyl styrene.
9. a kind of as claimed in claim 2 reinforce railroad sleeper structure it is characterised in that described infrared external reflection titanium dioxide Particle diameter is 1000nm-1300nm, TiO2Content is 85%-95%, surface coating layer SiO2With Al2O3Content be 5-15%；Institute State the mixture of one or more of heat filling magnesium oxide, zinc oxide, boron nitride, aluminium nitride, the grain of described heat filling Footpath is more than 97% in 0.5um-1.0um, purity；Described light stabilizer is salicylate, benzophenone, triazines, benzotriazole One or more of the UV absorbent of class and hindered amines free radical scavenger mixture.
CN201610766002.0A 2016-08-30 2016-08-30 One kind reinforces railroad sleeper structure Active CN106381775B (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201610766002.0A CN106381775B (en) 2016-08-30 2016-08-30 One kind reinforces railroad sleeper structure

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201610766002.0A CN106381775B (en) 2016-08-30 2016-08-30 One kind reinforces railroad sleeper structure

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN106381775A true CN106381775A (en) 2017-02-08
CN106381775B CN106381775B (en) 2018-02-23

Family

ID=57938566

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN201610766002.0A Active CN106381775B (en) 2016-08-30 2016-08-30 One kind reinforces railroad sleeper structure

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN106381775B (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107654959A (en) * 2017-10-26 2018-02-02 南京卡莱德汽车照明系统有限公司 A kind of heat dissipation type high automobile lamp shell
RU2707435C1 (en) * 2019-02-28 2019-11-26 Валерий Иванович Кондращенко Composite sleeper

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20020123553A1 (en) * 2001-03-05 2002-09-05 Sullivan Henry W. Railroad tie and method for making same
JP2006063149A (en) * 2004-08-25 2006-03-09 Sekisui Chem Co Ltd Continuous fiber-reinforced, expanded polyurethane resin and sleeper
CN105332324A (en) * 2015-11-25 2016-02-17 中格复合材料（南通）有限公司 Composite sleeper
CN105625106A (en) * 2014-10-30 2016-06-01 株洲时代新材料科技股份有限公司 Latticed composite material sleeper

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20020123553A1 (en) * 2001-03-05 2002-09-05 Sullivan Henry W. Railroad tie and method for making same
JP2006063149A (en) * 2004-08-25 2006-03-09 Sekisui Chem Co Ltd Continuous fiber-reinforced, expanded polyurethane resin and sleeper
CN105625106A (en) * 2014-10-30 2016-06-01 株洲时代新材料科技股份有限公司 Latticed composite material sleeper
CN105332324A (en) * 2015-11-25 2016-02-17 中格复合材料（南通）有限公司 Composite sleeper

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
丁德来，张运国: "钢纤维混凝土在轨枕中的应用", 《铁道建筑》 *
李化建等: "纤维混凝土在铁路工程中的应用", 《混凝土与水泥制品》 *

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107654959A (en) * 2017-10-26 2018-02-02 南京卡莱德汽车照明系统有限公司 A kind of heat dissipation type high automobile lamp shell
RU2707435C1 (en) * 2019-02-28 2019-11-26 Валерий Иванович Кондращенко Composite sleeper

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN106381775B (en) 2018-02-23

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
Yang et al. Recent progresses of fabrication and characterization of fibers-reinforced composites: A review
KR101667530B1 (en) FRP Composition for Reinforcement of Concrete Structure Using Complex Material Manufactured by Drawing of Basalt Fiber, Glass Fiber, Carbon Fiber and Metal Fiber Used in High Strength Urethane Resin and Reinforcement of Concrete Structure Using Thereof
CN106946480A (en) A kind of high-performance building cement and preparation method thereof
CN209508726U (en) A kind of fiber reinforcement composite sleeper
CN105906257A (en) Building material
CN106381775A (en) Railway sleeper reinforcing structure
CN204414690U (en) A kind of metallic fiber foamed aluminium composite layered plate
CN207416199U (en) A kind of Novel lightweight sandwich structure composite board
CN104819348B (en) A kind of Gas Pipe
CN109016732A (en) A kind of high-speed rail motor-car top plate composite material
CN102746657A (en) Nano-carbon fiber reinforced nylon composite material
CN109016721A (en) A kind of high-speed rail motor-car wallboard interlayer composite material
CN114085490A (en) Reinforced compression-resistant anti-collision highway guardrail plate material
CN104974476A (en) Nano material modified resin/fiber reinforced composite material
CN105925071A (en) Polymer cement waterproof coating
CN107522443A (en) A kind of New Building Materials
Sandeep et al. Fracture toughness of alumina filler filled glass fabric reinforced epoxy composites
CN107285805A (en) A kind of building construction insulation material
Ramesh et al. Fatigue, fracture toughness and DMA of biosilica toughened epoxy with stacked okra fiber and Al 2024‐T3 fiber metal laminate composite
CN105504577A (en) Wood-plastic composite material
CN203066274U (en) Inorganic composite insulation board
Cavdar et al. Investigation of mechanical properties of basalt particle-filled SMC composites
CN107474436A (en) A kind of plastic formula for being used to make automotive oil tank
CN105038199A (en) Fiber-reinforced wear-resistant polyamide composite material, and preparation method and application thereof
CN105175594A (en) Optical cable intensified core material

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
C06 Publication
PB01 Publication
C10 Entry into substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
GR01 Patent grant
GR01 Patent grant