CN106378439B - A kind of two-way horizontal directional freeze method and device - Google Patents
A kind of two-way horizontal directional freeze method and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN106378439B CN106378439B CN201610829861.XA CN201610829861A CN106378439B CN 106378439 B CN106378439 B CN 106378439B CN 201610829861 A CN201610829861 A CN 201610829861A CN 106378439 B CN106378439 B CN 106378439B
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- cooling
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- side wall
- bottom plate
- side walls
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
- B22D27/04—Influencing the temperature of the metal, e.g. by heating or cooling the mould
- B22D27/045—Directionally solidified castings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B11/00—Single-crystal growth by normal freezing or freezing under temperature gradient, e.g. Bridgman-Stockbarger method
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B28/00—Production of homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure
- C30B28/04—Production of homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure from liquids
- C30B28/06—Production of homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure from liquids by normal freezing or freezing under temperature gradient
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
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- Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of two-way horizontal directional freeze method and devices, top pouring type or bottom pouring type pouring mode are used when casting, 2 opposite side walls are the cooling side wall that cooling device is respectively set on mold, 2 other side walls are insulated side wall on mold, mold bottom plate is adiabatic bottom plate, and mold head cover is adiabatic top cover；Moulding is mainly solidified from 2 cooling side walls to center after cast, its rate of crystalline growth solidified to center along insulated side wall, adiabatic bottom plate or adiabatic top cover is much larger than in the speed of direction crystal growth.The present invention uses top/bottom pouring type pouring, 2 opposite side walls to be used as cooling wall, since running channel and cooling wall be not or not same surface, avoids the influence conducted heat between the two；By the way of horizontal orientation solidification, the side wall opposite from two solidifies casting to center, not only column crystal length can be made to double in same time, but also can ensure the degree of superheat of liquid phase, to ensure the growth of column crystal.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to directional solidification casting technical field more particularly to a kind of two-way horizontal directional freeze methods and dress
It sets.
Background technology
Directional solidification is earliest by Versnyder and colleague when studying isometric deforming alloy and casting alloy, it is contemplated that passes through
Longated grain, be allowed to it is parallel with stress axis come inhibit intercrystalline cracking and improve extension property.Northcott was in twentieth century 30 years
Generation, by a kind of simple directional solidification casting method, the crystal grain extended.
Verified, the alloy-steel casting or ingot casting of directional solidification due to generating columanar structure, and are segregated, are loose less,
On column crystal trunk direction, there is excellent in strength, creep and persistence, thermal fatigue property to have and significantly improve under high temperature.Laterally
On mechanical property it is relatively low compared with longitudinal.Since number of grain boundaries is relatively fewer, so its corrosion resistance and inoxidizability
It can be higher.
By nearly development in 80 years, directional solidification technique mainly undergoes two big stages：First, traditional orientation is solidifying
Gu technology, such as crystallisation in crystallisation outside stove, stove；Second is that novel directional solidification technique, as liquid metal cooling is melted in region
Method, high undercooling directional solidification method, electromagnetic constrained shaping directional solidification technique, Laser Rapid Directional Solidification with Ultra-high Temperature Gradient and company
Continuous directional solidification technique etc..Large-scale directional solidification steel for producing the deck of boat, pressure vessel, offshore oil platform and nuclear power
Ingot, nowadays or using the outer crystallisation of traditional stove；Laboratory's theoretical research, the production of high temperature alloy and monocrystalline, then be mostly used
In stove prepared by crystallisation and novel directional solidification technology.
Authorization Notice No. is the Chinese patent of CN 2173671Y, a kind of " steel ingot directional solidification apparatus " is disclosed, by keeping the temperature
Cover, mould body, condensing part composition, insulation cover are placed in mould, and there is inner wall the mould body of insulating layer to be placed on condensing part, in condensing part
Center portion position has molten steel channel and is connected with feed trumpet channel.The device is suitable for bottom pouring type, casting ratio of height to diameter (H/D) is less than
1 directional freeze steel ingot production, the directional freeze steel ingot of production, which has, improves steel ingot utilization rate 30%, energy saving 20%,
The advantages that saving working hour 50%.But the running channel of the device passes through water-cooled chassis, inevitably generates heat exchange in casting, influences to cast
The degree of superheat of temperature and molten steel, while in process of setting, running channel inevitably become hot spot again, influence column crystal from lower and
On oriented growth.Solidification end surface of steel ingot product is big, and should be partially due to the aggregation needs of field trash are excluded, the cutting of product
Amount and workload are all larger.
Authorization Notice No. is the Chinese patent of CN 201385117Y, discloses a kind of " drumped upper note formula directional solidification
Ingot steel casting apparatus ", in the bottom of directional freeze steel ingot pouring device, Water-cooled bottom row is rotated in the chassis that can fascinate on the chassis that can fascinate
Above, it is layered on the beneath of adiabatic ingot mould, the upper casting fork formula mouth of a river is placed on lever at the center on Water-cooled bottom row, and insulation cover is put
On adiabatic ingot mould, water cooling system is in the left side of adiabatic ingot mould.Device is visited using top teeming process casting, chassis cooling, is kept away
Influence of the hot core of running channel to column crystals growth in " steel ingot directional solidification apparatus " is exempted from.Meanwhile tilting device can be by solidification end
The more molten steel containing field trash is toppled over away, and the quality of steel ingot is improved, and reduces cutting output.But the device for mechanical equipment
It is more complicated, and due to the influence of temperature gradient, column crystal growing height is limited, causes the plank thickness of production limited.
Invention content
The present invention provides a kind of two-way horizontal directional freeze method and devices, and using top/bottom pouring type pouring, 2 opposite
Side wall as cooling wall, since running channel and cooling wall be not or not same surface, avoid the influence conducted heat between the two；Casting is adopted
The mode solidified with horizontal orientation, the side wall opposite from two are solidified to center, and column crystal can be not only made in same time
Length doubles, and can ensure the degree of superheat of liquid phase, to ensure the growth of column crystal.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is realized using following technical scheme：
A kind of two-way horizontal directional freeze method, uses top pouring type or bottom pouring type pouring mode when casting, opposite on mold
2 side walls be the cooling side wall that cooling device is respectively set, 2 other side walls are insulated side wall, mold bottom plate on mold
For adiabatic bottom plate, mold head cover is adiabatic top cover；Moulding is mainly solidified from 2 cooling side walls to center after cast, at this
The speed of direction crystal growth is much larger than the crystal growth speed that it is solidified along insulated side wall, adiabatic bottom plate or adiabatic top cover to center
Degree.
The cooling device is temperature controllable cooling device.
For realizing a kind of two-way horizontal device for directionally solidifying of the method, including it is made of side wall, bottom plate and head cover
Mold, bottom plate or head cover are equipped with dead head；The bottom plate is adiabatic bottom plate, and head cover is adiabatic top cover, and side wall is by opposite 2
A insulated side wall and 2 in addition opposite cooling side walls composition；2 cooling side walls are made of copper coin, set and follow respectively outside copper coin
Ring water-cooling apparatus；Adiabatic bottom plate, adiabatic top cover and insulated side wall are made of heat-insulating material respectively.
The circulating water cooling device is made of cooling coil, cooling water pipe and cooling water tank, and cooling coil is attached to copper
On plate, the cooling water pipe water inlet end before cooling coil sets valve and electric water pump, and the cooling water pipe water outlet after cooling coil is set
Temperature measuring equipment, temperature measuring equipment are connect by control system with electric water pump.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
1) casting uses top/bottom pouring type pouring, since riser (running channel) and cooling wall be not or not same surface, avoids running channel
The influence conducted heat between cooling wall；
2) casting solidification mode solidifies for horizontal orientation, and is solidified from two opposite side walls to center, and this form is not
Only column crystal length can be made to double in same time, and can ensure the degree of superheat of liquid phase, to ensure column
Brilliant growth；
3) present invention is suitable for all crystal of orientable solidification, can produce directional freeze steel ingot and the crystalline substance of other materials
Body, and can easily carry out physical simulation experiment.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the dimensional structure diagram of two-way horizontal device for directionally solidifying of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the front view of two-way horizontal device for directionally solidifying of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the vertical view of two-way horizontal device for directionally solidifying of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the side view of two-way horizontal device for directionally solidifying of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the embodiment of the present invention using column crystal in sodium thiosulfate process of setting when two-way horizontal directional freeze method
Growth conditions figure.
Fig. 6 be the embodiment of the present invention use two-way horizontal directional freeze method when sodium thiosulfate column crystal setting time with
Setting rate graph of relation.
Fig. 7 is the sodium thiosulfate column crystal after solidification when using two-way horizontal directional freeze method in the embodiment of the present invention
Growth conditions figure.
Fig. 8 is in the embodiment of the present invention using the sodium thiosulfate column crystal after solidification when being oriented vertically upwardly clotting method
Growth conditions figure.
In figure：1. 3. adiabatic top cover of dead head 2. cooling side wall, 21. copper coin, 22. circulating water cooling device 4. is adiabatic
5. insulated side wall of bottom plate
Specific implementation mode
The specific implementation mode of the present invention is described further below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings：
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of two-way horizontal directional freeze method of the present invention, when casting, uses top pouring type or bottom filling
Pouring type, 2 opposite side walls are the cooling side wall 2 that cooling device is respectively set on mold, 2 other side walls on mold
For insulated side wall 5, mold bottom plate is adiabatic bottom plate 4, and mold head cover is adiabatic top cover 3；Moulding is mainly by 2 coolings after cast
Side wall 2 is solidified to center, is pushed up along insulated side wall 5, adiabatic bottom plate 4 or thermal insulation much larger than it in the speed of direction crystal growth
The rate of crystalline growth that lid 3 is solidified to center.
The cooling device is temperature controllable cooling device.
As Figure 1-Figure 4, for realizing a kind of two-way horizontal device for directionally solidifying of the method, including by side wall,
The mold of bottom plate and head cover composition, bottom plate or head cover are equipped with dead head 1；The bottom plate is adiabatic bottom plate 4, and head cover is adiabatic pushes up
Lid 3, side wall are made of 2 opposite insulated side walls 5 and 2 in addition opposite cooling side walls 2；2 cooling side walls 2 are copper coin 21
It is made, sets circulating water cooling device 22 outside copper coin 21 respectively；Adiabatic bottom plate 4, adiabatic top cover 3 and insulated side wall 5 are respectively by exhausted
Hot material is made.
The circulating water cooling device 22 is made of cooling coil, cooling water pipe and cooling water tank, and cooling coil is attached to
On copper coin 21, the cooling water pipe water inlet end before cooling coil sets valve and electric water pump, the cooling water pipe water outlet after cooling coil
End sets temperature measuring equipment, and temperature measuring equipment is connect by control system with electric water pump.
As shown in Fig. 2, adiabatic bottom plate 4 is used to support whole device and casting using brick masonry is kept the temperature on foundation
The divine force that created the universe, while insulation effect is risen to moulding directional solidification.If using bottom pouring type pouring, adiabatic bottom plate 4, which is connected with to pour, to be emitted
Mouth 1, moulding is cast to by dead head 1 in the cavity of mold.
Insulated side wall 5 with heat preservation brick masonry in the both sides of adiabatic bottom plate 4, and it is positioned opposite, to the moulding in cavity
2 sides play support, casting mold and insulation effect.
Copper coin 21 on cooling side wall 2 is fixed on the other both sides of adiabatic bottom plate 4 and positioned opposite, both sides respectively with
Insulated side wall 5 connects, and support, casting mold and cooling effect are played to other 2 sides of moulding.
The cooling coil of circulating water cooling device 22 is made of copper pipe, is welded on the outer surface of copper coin 21, to cooling side wall 2
Cooling effect is played, cooling coil one end is water inlet end, and the other end is water outlet, connects cooling water by cooling water pipe respectively
Case.
Adiabatic top cover 3 is built by laying bricks or stones on the space being made of insulated side wall 5 and cooling side wall 2, to the upper surface of moulding
Play casting mold and insulation effect.If poured into a mould using top pouring type, adiabatic top cover 3 connects dead head 1, and moulding is by dead head 1
It is poured into the cavity of mold.
When cast, melting moulding is poured by dead head 1 in two-way horizontal device for directionally solidifying；Insulated side wall 5,
Adiabatic top cover 3, adiabatic bottom plate 4 thickness designed according to the intensity and hot physical performance of selecting material, guarantee reaches moulding at it
Obverse heat insulation makes moulding be much smaller than the speed of cold side faceted crystal growth in its corresponding surface crystal growth degree speed
Degree；The copper coin 21 of cooling side wall 2 plays cooling effect to the side of moulding directional solidification, thickness according to the intensity of material,
The cooling capacity of hot physical performance and circulating water cooling device 22 is designed.The heat that cooling side wall 2 discharges when solidifying moulding
Amount is discharged by circulating water cooling device 22, and moulding is made to be much larger than in thermal insulation in the speed of 2 direction crystal growth of cooling side wall
The rate of crystalline growth in 4 direction of side wall 5, adiabatic top cover 3 and adiabatic bottom plate.
In the present invention, since the column crystals growth of moulding plays passage and repulsive interaction to harmful components and impurity, together
When due to density contrast and moulding existing for moulding and harmful components and impurity solidification shrinkage, so that field trash and shrinkage cavity is being cast
The divine force that created the universe concentrates on top surface after all solidifying.Although these harmful components and impurity need to be excluded through subsequent process, due to the part
Sectional area very little, therefore processing capacity is seldom.
Following embodiment is being implemented down based on the technical solution of the present invention, gives detailed embodiment and tool
The operating process of body, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following embodiments.Method therefor is such as without spy in following embodiments
It is conventional method not mentionlet alone bright.
【Embodiment】
The present embodiment is respectively to sodium thiosulfate (Na2S203·5H20) it uses and is oriented vertically upwardly solidification and two-way horizontal
Directional freeze method carries out Physical Experiment analysis.
The experiment for being oriented vertically upwardly solidification is routine operation, is not added with repeats herein.Column crystals growth state after it is solidified
As shown in Figure 8.
Experimentation using two-way horizontal directional solidification is as follows：
1) cooling water in cooling water tank is injected into cooling coil by ON cycle water-cooling apparatus 22 by electric water pump
In, the cooling water temperature in cooling water tank ensures at 15 DEG C ± 3 DEG C, and cooling water pipe water outlet temperature is measured by temperature measuring equipment,
The flow of electric water pump is controlled by control system, ensures that the temperature of cooling water in cooling coil reaches the temperature of requirement, and make
The temperature of cooling side wall 2 is kept constant；
2) hypo solution that will melt into liquid is injected into from dead head 1 in the cavity of mold；
3) opening timing camera, the solidification situation of time recording sodium thiosulfate；
4) after sodium thiosulfate completely solidification, stop experiment；Timeing closing camera closes circulating water cooling device 22
Electric water pump and valve；
Although 5) with the increase of setting time, setting rate obviously slows down, and solidification front column crystals growth is still to connect
Hither plane form elapses forward (as shown in Figure 5, Figure 6).After sodium thiosulfate solidification, sodium thiosulfate solid is taken out, along column
Crystalline substance generation direction is longitudinally slit, after polishing smooth, observes its grain growth situation (as shown in Figure 7).
The present embodiment passes through to sodium thiosulfate (Na2S203·5H20) two kinds of different crystal growth pattern (i.e. crystal are carried out
Growth vertically upward and two-way horizontal growth) Experimental Comparison, comparison diagram 7 and Fig. 8 can be seen that the life of two-way horizontal directional solidification
An interdendritic in growth process away from less than the interdendritic grown vertically upward away from；Meanwhile in same time, two-way water
The moulding thickness of flat directional solidification production is be oriented vertically upwardly solidification production moulding thickness 2 times.
The present invention changes the type of cooling on the basis of traditional directional solidification technique.Can not only it make in the unit interval
The column crystal height of generation is doubled, and an interdendritic of column crystal is higher than traditional directional solidification technique away from density.
Meanwhile the cutting output of directional solidification casting object can be made to reduce, improve lumber recovery and working efficiency.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto,
Any one skilled in the art in the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, according to the technique and scheme of the present invention and its
Inventive concept is subject to equivalent substitution or change, should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of two-way horizontal directional freeze method, which is characterized in that use top pouring type or bottom pouring type pouring mode, casting when casting
Mould is made of side wall, bottom plate and head cover, and the bottom plate or head cover are equipped with dead head；The bottom plate is adiabatic bottom plate, and head cover is
Adiabatic top cover, side wall is by 2 opposite insulated side walls, opposite other 2 coolings for being respectively arranged with temperature controllable cooling device
Side wall forms；2 cooling side walls are made of copper coin, set circulating water cooling device outside copper coin respectively；Adiabatic bottom plate, adiabatic top cover
It is made respectively of heat-insulating material with insulated side wall；
The circulating water cooling device is made of cooling coil, cooling water pipe and cooling water tank, and cooling coil is attached on copper coin,
Cooling water pipe water inlet end before cooling coil sets valve and electric water pump, and the cooling water pipe water outlet after cooling coil sets thermometric dress
It sets, temperature measuring equipment is connect by control system with electric water pump；
Moulding is mainly solidified from 2 cooling side walls to center after cast, it is much larger than in the speed of direction crystal growth
The rate of crystalline growth solidified to center along insulated side wall, adiabatic bottom plate or adiabatic top cover.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201610829861.XA CN106378439B (en) | 2016-09-18 | 2016-09-18 | A kind of two-way horizontal directional freeze method and device |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610829861.XA CN106378439B (en) | 2016-09-18 | 2016-09-18 | A kind of two-way horizontal directional freeze method and device |
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| CN106378439A CN106378439A (en) | 2017-02-08 |
| CN106378439B true CN106378439B (en) | 2018-11-06 |
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Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4270594A (en) * | 1978-11-02 | 1981-06-02 | Chumakov Vasily A | Method and apparatus for producing directionally solidifying cast pieces |
| CN2173671Y (en) * | 1993-07-10 | 1994-08-10 | 第二重型机器厂 | Steel ingot directional solidification apparatus |
| CN103757695A (en) * | 2013-12-25 | 2014-04-30 | 厦门大学 | Sidewall heat compensation device of polysilicon directional solidification device |
| CN104878444A (en) * | 2015-05-13 | 2015-09-02 | 南京理工大学 | Preparation method of TiAl-base alloy monocrystal |
| CN204867366U (en) * | 2014-12-01 | 2015-12-16 | 沈阳恒润真空科技有限公司 | Multi -functional high gradient vacuum induction directional solidification single crystal casting stove |
| CN105229206A (en) * | 2013-03-14 | 2016-01-06 | 希利柯尔材料股份有限公司 | Directional solidification system and method |
-
2016
- 2016-09-18 CN CN201610829861.XA patent/CN106378439B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4270594A (en) * | 1978-11-02 | 1981-06-02 | Chumakov Vasily A | Method and apparatus for producing directionally solidifying cast pieces |
| CN2173671Y (en) * | 1993-07-10 | 1994-08-10 | 第二重型机器厂 | Steel ingot directional solidification apparatus |
| CN105229206A (en) * | 2013-03-14 | 2016-01-06 | 希利柯尔材料股份有限公司 | Directional solidification system and method |
| CN103757695A (en) * | 2013-12-25 | 2014-04-30 | 厦门大学 | Sidewall heat compensation device of polysilicon directional solidification device |
| CN204867366U (en) * | 2014-12-01 | 2015-12-16 | 沈阳恒润真空科技有限公司 | Multi -functional high gradient vacuum induction directional solidification single crystal casting stove |
| CN104878444A (en) * | 2015-05-13 | 2015-09-02 | 南京理工大学 | Preparation method of TiAl-base alloy monocrystal |
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