CN106376565B - 一种含虫螨腈和苦皮藤素的杀虫组合物 - Google Patents

一种含虫螨腈和苦皮藤素的杀虫组合物 Download PDF

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CN106376565B
CN106376565B CN201610815629.0A CN201610815629A CN106376565B CN 106376565 B CN106376565 B CN 106376565B CN 201610815629 A CN201610815629 A CN 201610815629A CN 106376565 B CN106376565 B CN 106376565B
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杨业喜
韦锦思
黄汉坤
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Jinan Tianbang Chemical Co ltd
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
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    • A01N43/36—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom five-membered rings
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    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
    • A01N43/06—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom five-membered rings
    • A01N43/12—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom five-membered rings condensed with a carbocyclic ring

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种含虫螨腈和苦皮藤素的杀虫组合物，有效成分由虫螨腈和苦皮藤素组成，其中虫螨腈和苦皮藤素的重量比5‑20:1。本发明具有协同增效作用，能有效降低农药使用量，降低农药成本和农药残留,同时有利于延缓茶小绿叶蝉的抗性发展。

Description

一种含虫螨腈和苦皮藤素的杀虫组合物
技术领域
本发明涉及农药复配领域，具体是一种含虫螨腈和苦皮藤素的杀虫组合物。
背景技术
茶小绿叶蝉是茶区普遍发生、危害性较大害虫，其中以假眼小绿叶蝉的危害最为严重。联苯菊酯是茶区用来防治茶小绿叶蝉叶蝉的常用药剂，但由于长期单一频繁使用，茶小绿叶蝉对其的抗性增大，使得防治效果下降，药效降低。
虫螨腈(chlorfenapyr)是新型吡咯类化合物，作用于昆虫体内细胞的线粒体上，通过昆虫体内的多功能氧化酶起作用，主要抑制二磷酸腺苷(ADP)向三磷酸腺苷(ATP)的转化。而三磷酸腺苷贮存细胞维持其生命机能所必须的能量。该药具有胃毒、触杀、叶面渗透性强和一定的内吸作用，具有杀虫谱广、防效高、持效长、安全的特点。随着国家高毒农药替代政策的出台和人们环保意识的提高，作为的无公害农产品病虫防治推荐农药品种的代表，低毒高效的溴虫腈的应用越来越广泛。
苦皮藤属卫矛科南蛇藤属多年生藤本植物，广泛分布于我国黄河、长江流域的丘陵和山区。苦皮藤的根皮和茎皮均含有多种强力杀虫成分，目前已从根皮或种子中分离鉴定出数十个新化合物，特别是从种油中获得4个结晶，即苦皮藤酯I-Ⅳ、从根皮中获得5个纯天然产物，即苦皮藤素I-V。这些苦皮藤重要的杀虫活性成分均简称为苦皮藤素(celastrusangulatus)。
一般单一药剂的频繁使用，害虫容易对其产生抗性，虫螨腈也不例外。而通过不同作用机制的农药进行复配，是延缓病虫害抗药性的一个快捷而简单的途径，目前关于虫螨腈与苦皮藤素复配用于防治茶小绿叶蝉的尚无报道与应用。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是，提供一种虫螨腈与苦皮藤素的杀虫组合物，其配方增效显著，能有效降低农药使用量，降低农药成本，同时有利于延缓茶小绿叶蝉的抗性发展。
本发明采取的技术方案是：一种虫螨腈与苦皮藤素的杀虫组合物，有效成分由虫螨腈和苦皮藤素组成，虫螨腈和苦皮藤素的重量比5-20:1，优选的，虫螨腈和苦皮藤素的重量比为10:1。
所述的杀虫组合物，虫螨腈在组合物的重量百分比为2.5-10％，苦皮藤素在组合物中的重量百分比为0.2-1.0％。
本发明的杀虫组合物按照本领域技术人员所公知的方法，加入相应辅助剂，制成水乳剂、悬浮剂等农业上可接受的剂型。
本发明的杀虫组合物所需要的辅助剂包括溶剂、乳化剂、润湿剂、稳定剂、防冻剂、消泡剂、增稠剂或其它有益于有效成分在制剂中稳定和药效发挥的已知物质，都是农药制剂领域中常用或允许使用的各种成分。
与现有技术相比，本发明具备以下技术效果：
(1)虫螨腈和苦皮藤素按一定比例复配具有协同增效明显，能减少各单剂的施用量，提高防治效果。
(2)虫螨腈和苦皮藤素的作用机理不同，相互混用能延缓或克服害虫抗药性的产生，以及延长虫螨腈的使用寿命；
(3)本发明能减少虫螨腈单剂在茶叶上的施用量和使用次数，减少了农药残留，更加绿色环保。
具体实施方式
以下结合测定杀虫剂活性的室内联合毒力测定试验及大田药效试验对本发明的技术方案和技术效果作进一步说明，本发明所述的百分比均为重量百分比。
发明人通过大量的筛选试验，发现虫螨腈与苦皮藤素在一定配比范围内混配对茶小绿叶蝉具有明显的协同增效作用，其效果不仅仅是两种药剂的简单相加，具体用以下生物测定实例加以说明。
一、生物测定实例
实施例1：虫螨腈、苦皮藤素及其混剂对茶树假眼小绿叶蝉室内毒力测定
供试对象：茶小绿叶蝉(Empoasca flavescens)采自福建漳州市南靖县，在茶树上养殖，挑取一致的2龄若虫用于试验。
试验药剂：97％虫螨腈原药(山东潍坊润丰化工股份有限公司)；6％苦皮藤素母药(河南省新乡市东风化工厂生产)
试验方法：参考(庄家祥等，2009，福建省茶小绿叶蝉抗药性的地区差异)和农药室内生物测定试验准则杀虫剂NY/T 1154.11-2008)，采用浸梢法。
采用孙云沛的共毒系数法(CTC)来评价药剂混用的增效作用，当共毒系数(CTC)≥120时，组合物表现为增效作用；当CTC≤80时，组合物表现为拮抗作用；当80＜CTC＜120时，组合物表现为相加作用。
试验结果见表1。
表1虫螨腈、苦皮藤素及其混剂对茶小绿叶蝉联合毒力测定表
供试药剂 配比 LC<sub>50</sub>(mg/L) 共毒系数(CTC)
虫螨腈(A) / 2.36 /
苦皮藤素(B) / 0.78 /
A:B 5:1 1.41 125.2
A:B 8:1 1.45 133.4
A:B 10:1 1.20 165.8
A:B 12:1 1.49 137.4
A:B 15:1 1.45 144.9
A:B 18:1 1.34 159.1
A:B 20:1 1.64 131.2
A:B 1:4 1.13 79.5
表1室内毒力测定试验表明，虫螨腈和苦皮藤素在重量比为5-20:1混配对茶小绿叶蝉的共毒系数(CTC)均大于120，具有协同增效作用，当虫螨腈和苦皮藤素在重量比为10:1时，共毒系数最大，增效最为明显。
二、制备实施例
实施例1：5.5％虫螨腈·苦皮藤素悬浮剂(虫螨腈∶苦皮藤素＝5:0.5)
按量称取虫螨腈5％、苦皮藤素0.5％、烷基酚甲醛树脂聚氧乙烯醚5.0％(分散剂)、烷基酚聚氧乙烯基醚磷酸酯3.5％(润湿剂)、2.5％聚乙烯醇(增稠剂)、0.3％有机硅消泡剂，去离子水补足至100％。
实施例2：3％虫螨腈·苦皮藤素悬浮剂(虫螨腈∶苦皮藤素＝2.5:0.5)
按量称取虫螨腈2.5％、苦皮藤素0.5％、烷基芳基聚氧丙烯聚氧乙烯醚2.0％(分散剂)、聚萘甲醛磺酸钠3.5％(润湿剂)、乙二醇2.5％(抗冻剂)、黄原胶0.8％、0.3％有机硅消泡剂，去离子水补足至100％。
实施例1-2的制备方法是：将各组份按配方的比例混合均匀，经研磨和高速剪切后得到含有虫螨腈·苦皮藤素的杀虫组合物，剂型为悬浮剂。
实施例3：4.2％虫螨腈·苦皮藤素水乳剂(虫螨腈∶苦皮藤素＝20:1)
按量称取虫螨腈4.0％、苦皮藤素0.2％、联苯酚聚氧乙烯醚3.5％、二甲苯10％、十二烷基苯磺酸钙5.0％、有机硅0.8％、水补足至100％。
实施例4：11.0％虫螨腈·苦皮藤素水乳剂(虫螨腈∶苦皮藤素＝10:1)
按量称取虫螨腈10％、苦皮藤素1.0％、联苯酚聚氧乙烯醚4.0％、二甲苯10％、十二烷基苯磺酸钙5.0％、有机硅0.8％、水补足至100％。
实施例3-4的制备方法为：将虫螨腈和苦皮藤素原药、溶剂、乳化剂溶解，然后与水混合，并经反应釜的高速搅拌和剪切机的高速剪切，即制得含虫螨腈·苦皮藤素的杀虫组合物，剂型为水乳剂。
三、大田药效实施例
实施例1：虫螨腈和苦皮藤素复配对茶小绿叶蝉的田间药效试验
试验设计:试验采用常规喷雾法，喷药时力求均匀周到。施药时田间茶小绿叶蝉为2-3代发生高峰期。施药前在每小区按对角线5点取样，每点选取有茶小绿叶蝉卵及成虫的茶叶树3株，统计施药前茶小绿叶蝉数量的虫口基数。药后3d、7d、15d分别调查残留茶小绿叶蝉活虫数，记载活虫数，计算防治效果。
试验期间天气良好，日平均气温为21.0-28.2℃。试验期间观察各处理小区茶叶生长良好，均未发现有药害现象发生。
试验结果见表2。
表2虫螨腈和苦皮藤素复配对茶小绿叶蝉的田间试验表
从表2可以看出，虫螨腈与苦皮藤素复配后，混配剂对茶树假眼小绿叶蝉的防治效果、速效性和持效性均明显好于单剂。这有利于减少虫螨腈的用药量和用药次数，有利于减少茶叶上的农药残留，对显著延缓茶树小绿叶蝉抗药性的产生和降低防治成本具有重要意义。

Claims (3)

1.一种含虫螨腈和苦皮藤素的杀虫组合物，其特征在于，虫螨腈和苦皮藤素的重量比5-20:1。
2.根据权利要求1所述的杀虫组合物，其特征在于，虫螨腈和苦皮藤素的重量比为10:1。
3.根据权利要1或2所述的杀虫组合物，其特征在于，虫螨腈在组合物的重量百分比为2.5-10％,苦皮藤素在组合物中的重量百分比为0.2-1.0％。
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