CN106370727B - Method based on stress wave field detection velocity of wave, materials behavior and degree of injury - Google Patents
Method based on stress wave field detection velocity of wave, materials behavior and degree of injury Download PDFInfo
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- CN106370727B CN106370727B CN201610727055.1A CN201610727055A CN106370727B CN 106370727 B CN106370727 B CN 106370727B CN 201610727055 A CN201610727055 A CN 201610727055A CN 106370727 B CN106370727 B CN 106370727B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/07—Analysing solids by measuring propagation velocity or propagation time of acoustic waves
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H9/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/045—Analysing solids by imparting shocks to the workpiece and detecting the vibrations or the acoustic waves caused by the shocks
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/36—Detecting the response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/01—Indexing codes associated with the measuring variable
- G01N2291/011—Velocity or travel time
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/028—Material parameters
- G01N2291/0289—Internal structure, e.g. defects, grain size, texture
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- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
This application discloses the method based on stress wave field detection velocity of wave, materials behavior and degree of injury, production transmission grid line, direct current intense light source is formed static reflection strip by transmission grating projectin to surface of test piece, after total reflection, received by high speed camera；Test specimen is applied and is motivated, the stress wave of generation is motivated to be subjected to displacement reflection strip, the variation of reflection strip in high speed camera acquisition time sequence carries out reflection strip image to subtract each other analysis, obtains deformation field Temporal Evolution rule；The method averaged using multimetering is calculated and obtains the velocity of wave that stress wave is propagated in material for test；It identifies the defective locations and size dimension information inside test specimen, is finally inversed by inside test specimen along the residual stress distribution in stress propagation direction.For the present invention using the method for the two-dimensional stress wave wave speed measurement method of Entirely contactless formula, materials behavior and lossless degree, high sensitivity is easy to operate, realizes the visualization of stress wave field propagation law.
Description
Technical field
This application involves photo-measuring experimental mechanics field and field of non destructive testing, in particular to a kind of be based on stress
The method that wave field detects velocity of wave, materials behavior and degree of injury.
Background technique
When object is under impact loading, interior of articles can generate stress wave, study communication process and the rule of stress wave
Rule to research object be hit load effect be of great significance.Stress wave is one important in the spread speed of interior of articles
Fundamental quantity, measure stress wave spread speed not only contribute to research stress wave communication process and rule, can also calculate
The dynamic physical parameter of material.The method of usually measurement Spreading Velocity of Stress Wave is to use electrical measuring method, often due to pasting foil gauge
Lack of standardization imponderable error is brought to measurement.Therefore, the major requirement of this patent include: develop it is a kind of non-contact, complete
The method for fast measuring of field range, easy to operate, high sensitivity, environmental requirement is low, and measurement cost is low, can be realized stress wave wave
Speed measurement and wave field are observed, defective locations and size and measurement test specimen internal residual stress inside detection test specimen.
Tongji University's poplar national standard uses in " using method of the dynamic photoelasticity in conjunction with digital correlation method " text
Elastooptic mateiral has carried out measuring study to stress wave velocity of wave, has obtained a kind of non-contact, the whole audience method for fast measuring, has had
Easy to operate, high sensitivity, the features such as environmental requirement is low, measurement cost is low avoid the error for pasting foil gauge measurement velocity of wave
And paste influence of the foil gauge to test specimen.Further, " stress wave astatic light bomb of propagation law in different interfaces is ground
Study carefully " in a text, stress wave measurement is equally carried out using elastooptic mateiral, similar experience is obtained, but this method must use
Elastooptic mateiral can measure.
(publication number CN 201803705U, publication date are April 20 in 2011 to Chinese Patent Application No. 201020136552.2
Day) invention and created name are as follows: the form measuring instrument of specular reflection surface, that application discloses one kind for measure mirror surface anti-
The device of the shape of reflective surface, the method which uses mirror-reflection, carries out the measurement of mirror shape, can obtain non-connect
Touching, highly sensitive and low cost process for measuring shape.
Also with streak reflex method, Chinese Patent Application No. 201410561787.9 (publication number CN104279981A,
Publication date be on January 14th, 2015) invention and created name are as follows: a kind of mirror surface based on streak reflex/class mirror article is absolute
The measurement method and device of face shape, that application discloses a kind of measurements of the absolute face shape of the mirror surface of streak reflex/class mirror article
Method and device changes complicated, discrete mirror surface/class mirror article especially suitable for surface, and, imaging strong with matching is together
Step property number, advantage easy to control, at low cost.The application is improved on the basis of mirror-reflection method, is obtained to measure and be answered
The method of Reeb velocity of wave.
In order to reach the requirement for all realizing the detection of stress wave field in the test specimen of a variety of materials, and can obtain
Residual stress inside the position of test specimen defect and size and test specimen, according to the experience of the above article and patent, the present invention is provided
A kind of method based on stress wave field detection velocity of wave, materials behavior and degree of injury.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide one kind based on two-dimensional stress wave field feature detection velocity of wave, materials behavior and damage
Hurt the method for degree, not only realize that the non-contact, whole audience quickly measures, and easy to operate, high sensitivity, environmental requirement it is low and
Measurement cost is low.
To solve the above-mentioned problems, present applicant proposes one kind based on stress wave field detection velocity of wave, materials behavior and damage
Hurt the method for degree, this method comprises:
Transmission grid line is made using laser marking machine Optimal Parameters grid legal system, direct current strong illumination is being tried by the grid line
Part surface forms static reflection strip, and after the total reflection of the surface of test piece, the reflection strip of the static state is by high speed
Camera acquisition；
Fixed test specimen hits the front end of the test specimen using Hopkinson bar or taps the front end of the test specimen, described
Two-dimensional stress wave is formed inside test specimen, when stress wave is propagated along the piece lengths direction, reflection strip generates significant become
Change, the reflection strip modified-image in the time series is received by high speed camera；
Reflection strip modified-image in collected time series analyzed, obtains striped deformation field at any time
Evolution；
Using the Evolution of the striped deformation field of surface of test piece at any time, i.e. stress wave field propagation law is acquired, adopt
The method being averaged with multimetering calculates the stress velocity of wave for obtaining material for test；
Using the stress wave field propagation law and wavefront distortion rule, test specimen internal flaw position and size are identified
Dimension information；
Using the stress wave field propagation law, the two-dimentional residual stress distribution that is finally inversed by inside test specimen.
Preferably, described that transmission grid line is made using laser marking machine Optimal Parameters grid legal system, further are as follows: use laser
It is 2 lines/mm rectangle arranged side by side to 0.2 line/mm that marking machine makes frequency on flake aluminum, rectangular segment is removed, shape
At the hollow out flake aluminum containing rectangular shape, flake aluminum is pasted onto direct current intense light source front end, direct current intense light source passes through thin aluminium
Piece forms clearly projected fringe.
Preferably, the test specimen, further are as follows: the mirror surface test specimen of plate or beam-like, if test specimen be not mirror surface test specimen and
Without reflectivity, then plated film is carried out to the surface of test piece of plate or beam-like, make it have reflectivity, that is, form plate or beam-like
Eka-ytterbium interview part.
Preferably, the total reflection of the surface of test piece, further are as follows: using half-reflecting half mirror completion projected fringe and instead
Striped is penetrated along same propagated but contrary, concrete operations are, by half-reflecting half mirror with 45 degree of slant settings in class mirror surface
Test specimen front end, striped is transmitted to eka-ytterbium face surface of test piece by half-reflecting half mirror, after the total reflection of eka-ytterbium face surface of test piece,
It is received through the reflection strip of half-reflecting half mirror by high speed camera.
Preferably, the reflection strip modified-image in the time series is received by high speed camera, further are as follows: Hope
While the gloomy bar of gold hits eka-ytterbium interview part front end, uses acquisition speed to carry out image for high speed cameras more than 50,000 frames and adopt
Collection obtains the reflection strip image in the time series comprising stress wave propagation information.
Preferably, the calculating obtains the stress velocity of wave of material for test, further are as follows: selection static reflex stripe pattern
As reference picture, the reflection strip modified-image in time series is selected, according to the reflection strip variation diagram in time series
The reflection strip image of final stress wave propagation can be obtained in image subtraction static reflex stripe pattern；It is adopted according to high speed camera
The picture number collected obtains the time difference between adjacent two field pictures, and the method being averaged using multimetering can obtain
To the velocity of wave of stress wave propagation.
Preferably, described to identify test specimen internal flaw position, further are as follows: advised using the wavefront distortion of stress wave propagation
Rule is detected, and the position of stress wave wavefront warpage, the as position of test specimen defect are first appeared.
Preferably, the two-dimentional residual stress distribution being finally inversed by inside test specimen, further are as follows: using stress wave not
Propagation velocity of wave in test specimen containing residual stress is as reference value, if spread speed of the stress wave in test specimen slows down,
There are residual compressive stress inside test specimen；If spread speed of the stress wave in test specimen is accelerated, exist inside test specimen remaining
Tensile stress；According to the variation of two-dimensional stress wave velocity of wave and residual stress theoretical formula is derived, reflection strip and stress relation, meter are utilized
Calculation obtains two-dimentional residual stress.
Compared with prior art, described herein a kind of based on stress wave field detection velocity of wave, materials behavior and damage
The method for hurting degree reaches following effect:
(1) system that the application has built completely new measurement stress wave velocity of wave, can carry out the whole audience of Entirely contactless formula
Measurement, and it is easy to operate.Realize the non-destructive testing of the whole audience positioning analysis and test specimen of defect.
(2) the application is made simple using the test specimen of measurement wave field, and mirror surface test specimen, which does not need processing, can reach stress wave
The requirement of wave speed measurement；For not reflectible test specimen, the technology that plated film can be used makes it become eka-ytterbium interview part, reaches survey
Measure the requirement of stress wave velocity of wave.
(3) system built in the application uses reflection strip method, and total reflection principle is utilized, with feed rod rod principle
Characteristic plays the role of amplification to stripe order recognition, improve detection wave field sensitivity, detect test specimen degree of injury precision and
Detect the resolving power of residual stress.
Detailed description of the invention
The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the present application, constitutes part of this application, this Shen
Illustrative embodiments and their description please are not constituted an undue limitation on the present application for explaining the application.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is the flow chart for detecting stress wave velocity of wave method described in present application example based on two-dimensional stress wave field；
Fig. 2 is the thin aluminium as grid line of the production of laser marking machine Optimal Parameters grid method described in present application example
Piece；
Fig. 3 is that the schematic diagram that stress wave velocity of wave system is detected based on stress wave field is built described in present application example；
Fig. 4 is that streak reflex normal stress wave wave speed measurement system high speed camera described in present application example is collected
Two-dimensional wavelength measurement result figure that four width reflection strip images obtain after subtractive method is handled (time is respectively 18.5us,
37us, 55.5us and 74us).
Specific embodiment
Some vocabulary has been used to censure specific components in the specification and claims.Those skilled in the art should can
Understand, hardware manufacturer may call the same component with different nouns.This specification and claims are not with title
Difference as the mode for distinguishing component, but with the difference of component functionally as the criterion of differentiation.Such as in the whole text
The "comprising" of specification and claim mentioned in is an open language, therefore should be construed to " including but not limited to ".
" substantially " refer within the acceptable error range, those skilled in the art can solve the technology within a certain error range
Problem basically reaches the technical effect.Specification subsequent descriptions are to implement the better embodiment of the application, the right description
It is being not intended to limit the scope of the present application for the purpose of the rule for illustrating the application.The protection scope of the application is when view
Subject to appended claims institute defender.
The application is described in further detail below in conjunction with attached drawing, but not as the restriction to the application.
Embodiment
Two-dimensional stress wave field feature, which is based on, for one kind described in the application embodiment as described in Figure 1 detects stress wave wave
The method of speed, concrete operation step are as follows:
Step 101, transmission grid line is made using laser marking machine Optimal Parameters grid legal system, direct current strong illumination passes through described
Grid line forms static reflection strip, after the total reflection of the surface of test piece, the reflection bar of the static state in surface of test piece
Line is acquired by high speed camera；
Transmission grid line is made using laser marking machine Optimal Parameters grid legal system in the present embodiment, increases sweeping for laser marking machine
Retouch power, be scanned on the aluminium flake with a thickness of 0.1mm, scanning patter be 20 rectangles arranged side by side, the long 20mm of rectangle,
Wide 1.5mm, spacing 1.5mm produce the aluminium flake as grid line, as shown in Figure 2.Use cold light source strong as direct current in this example
Aluminium flake is pasted onto cold light source front end by light source, and cold light source penetrates aluminium flake, clearly projecting grating striped can be formed, through length
Rectangular cold light source is bright fringes, and the part sheltered from by aluminium flake is dark fringe.
Step 102, fixed test specimen, before hitting the front end of the test specimen using Hopkinson bar or tap the test specimen
End forms two-dimensional stress wave inside the test specimen, and when stress wave is propagated along the piece lengths direction, reflection strip is produced
Significant changes are given birth to, the reflection strip modified-image in the time series is received by high speed camera；
In the present embodiment using common a length of 12cm, width 5.5cm, with a thickness of 2cm surface level plate mirror surface
It as the experiment test specimen of stress wave measurement, therefore does not need to carry out plated film to surface of test piece, half-reflecting half mirror is tilted with 45 degree
It is placed on test specimen front end, cold light source forms projected fringe by aluminium flake, striped is incident upon mirror surface test specimen by half-reflecting half mirror
Surface, after the total reflection of mirror surface test specimen, through in half-reflecting half mirror reflective to high speed camera, static reflex bar graph
As being acquired by high speed camera.Specific index path is as shown in Figure 3.As shown in figure 3, Hopkinson bar is applied in one end of mirror surface test specimen
While adding excitation, high speed camera acquires reflection strip, and reflection strip generates significant changes.
Step 103, the reflection strip modified-image in collected time series is analyzed, obtains striped deformation field
Evolution at any time；
Step 104, using the Evolution of the striped deformation field of surface of test piece at any time is acquired, i.e. stress wave field is propagated
Rule, the method being averaged using multimetering calculate the stress velocity of wave for obtaining material for test；
In the present embodiment, while Hopkinson bar applies and motivates, high speed camera is used with 54000 frames/second speed
It acquires dynamic fringe image, the reflection strip image in collected time series is analyzed, i.e., it is anti-in time series
It penetrates stripe order recognition image and subtracts static reflection strip image, obtain the Evolution of striped deformation at any time, is i.e. stress wave passes
The velocity of wave broadcast.
Step 105, using the stress wave field propagation law and wavefront distortion rule, test specimen internal flaw position is identified
It sets and size dimension information；
Step 106, using the stress wave field propagation law, the two-dimentional residual stress distribution that is finally inversed by inside test specimen.
The two dimension residual stress distribution is inside test specimen along stress propagation direction.
In this example, only selecting four width images can be obtained the complete procedure of stress wave propagation, 54000 frames/second frame
It is 18.5us that number, which is the time between two frames, and distance is 12cm, time 18.5*4=74us, i.e. stress wave velocity of wave is about 1620
Meter per second.If wanting to obtain two-dimentional velocity of wave, perpendicular to the displacement for the direction observation wavefront movement that velocity of wave is propagated, by all velocities of wave
After the velocity of wave adduction of wavefront point is averaged, the average value of stress wave velocity of wave is obtained.By this method measurement stress wave velocity of wave with
The stress wave velocity of wave of foil gauge high dynamic strain indicator measurement is compared, it was demonstrated that the accuracy of this method.
Above description shows and describes several preferred embodiments of the present application, but as previously described, it should be understood that the application
Be not limited to forms disclosed herein, should not be regarded as an exclusion of other examples, and can be used for various other combinations,
Modification and environment, and the above teachings or related fields of technology or knowledge can be passed through in application contemplated scope described herein
It is modified.And changes and modifications made by those skilled in the art do not depart from spirit and scope, then it all should be in this Shen
It please be in the protection scope of appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of method based on stress wave field detection velocity of wave, materials behavior and degree of injury, which is characterized in that including as follows
Step:
Transmission grid line is made using laser marking machine Optimal Parameters grid legal system, direct current strong illumination is by the grid line in test specimen table
Face forms static reflection strip, and after the total reflection of the surface of test piece, the reflection strip of the static state is by high speed camera
Acquisition；
Fixed test specimen hits the front end of the test specimen using Hopkinson bar or taps the front end of the test specimen, in the test specimen
Inside forms two-dimensional stress wave, and when stress wave is propagated along the piece lengths direction, reflection strip generates significant changes, when
Between reflection strip modified-image in sequence received by high speed camera；
Reflection strip modified-image in collected time series is analyzed, the evolution of striped deformation field at any time is obtained
Rule；
Using the Evolution of the striped deformation field of surface of test piece at any time, i.e. stress wave field propagation law is acquired, using more
The method that point measurement is averaged, calculates the stress velocity of wave for obtaining material for test；
Using the stress wave field propagation law and wavefront distortion rule, test specimen internal flaw position and size dimension are identified
Information；
Using the stress wave field propagation law, the two-dimentional residual stress distribution that is finally inversed by inside test specimen.
2. the method according to claim 1 based on stress wave field detection velocity of wave, materials behavior and degree of injury, special
Sign is, described to make transmission grid line using laser marking machine Optimal Parameters grid legal system, further are as follows: is existed using laser marking machine
It is 2 lines/mm rectangle arranged side by side to 0.2 line/mm that frequency is made on flake aluminum, and rectangular segment is removed, and is formed containing length
Flake aluminum is pasted onto direct current intense light source front end by the hollow out flake aluminum of square configuration, and direct current intense light source is formed clear by flake aluminum
Clear projected fringe.
3. the method according to claim 1 based on stress wave field detection velocity of wave, materials behavior and degree of injury, special
Sign is, the test specimen, further are as follows: the mirror surface test specimen of plate or beam-like, if test specimen is not mirror surface test specimen and does not have anti-
Penetrating property then carries out plated film to the surface of test piece of plate or beam-like, makes it have reflectivity, that is, form the class mirror surface of plate or beam-like
Test specimen.
4. the method according to claim 1 based on stress wave field detection velocity of wave, materials behavior and degree of injury, special
Sign is, the total reflection of the surface of test piece, further are as follows: completes projected fringe and reflection strip edge using half-reflecting half mirror
Same propagated but contrary, concrete operations are that half-reflecting half mirror is interviewed part front end in eka-ytterbium with 45 degree of slant settings,
Striped is transmitted to eka-ytterbium face surface of test piece by half-reflecting half mirror, anti-through half after the total reflection of eka-ytterbium face surface of test piece
The reflection strip of pellicle mirror is received by high speed camera.
5. the method according to claim 1 based on stress wave field detection velocity of wave, materials behavior and degree of injury, special
Sign is that the reflection strip modified-image in the time series is received by high speed camera, further are as follows: Hopkinson bar is hit
While hitting eka-ytterbium interview part front end, uses acquisition speed to carry out Image Acquisition for high speed cameras more than 50,000 frames, wrapped
Reflection strip image in the time series of the information containing stress wave propagation.
6. the method according to claim 1 based on stress wave field detection velocity of wave, materials behavior and degree of injury, special
Sign is that the calculating obtains the stress velocity of wave of material for test, further are as follows: selects static reflex stripe pattern as reference
Image selects the reflection strip modified-image in time series, is subtracted according to the reflection strip modified-image in time series quiet
The reflection strip image of final stress wave propagation can be obtained in state reflection strip image；According to the collected figure of high speed camera
As number, the time difference between adjacent two field pictures is obtained, stress wave can be obtained in the method being averaged using multimetering
The velocity of wave of propagation.
7. the method according to claim 1 based on stress wave field detection velocity of wave, materials behavior and degree of injury, special
Sign is, described to identify test specimen internal flaw position, further are as follows: is examined using the wavefront distortion rule of stress wave propagation
It surveys, first appears the position of stress wave wavefront warpage, the as position of test specimen defect.
8. the method according to claim 1 based on stress wave field detection velocity of wave, materials behavior and degree of injury, special
Sign is, the two-dimentional residual stress distribution being finally inversed by inside test specimen, further are as follows: answered using stress wave without remnants
Propagation velocity of wave in the test specimen of power is as reference value, if spread speed of the stress wave in test specimen slows down, inside test specimen
There are residual compressive stress；If spread speed of the stress wave in test specimen is accelerated, there are residual tensions inside test specimen；Root
Two are calculated using reflection strip and stress relation with residual stress theoretical formula according to the variation of two-dimensional stress wave velocity of wave is derived
Tie up residual stress.
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| CN111174894B (en) * | 2020-01-19 | 2021-06-04 | 山东省科学院激光研究所 | Laser ultrasonic transverse wave sound velocity measurement method |
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| CN101975703A (en) * | 2010-10-12 | 2011-02-16 | 江苏大学 | Method and device for measuring dynamic fracture property of laser shock loading material |
| CN104279981A (en) * | 2014-10-21 | 2015-01-14 | 苏州大学 | Mirror surface/mirror-surface-like object absolute surface shape measuring method and device based on stripe reflection |
| CN104990777A (en) * | 2015-07-09 | 2015-10-21 | 中国矿业大学 | Impact damage rock sample preparation and assay method based on SHPB test |
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