CN106370624B - Experimental method and device for measuring refractive index of liquid - Google Patents

Experimental method and device for measuring refractive index of liquid Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106370624B
CN106370624B CN201610832558.5A CN201610832558A CN106370624B CN 106370624 B CN106370624 B CN 106370624B CN 201610832558 A CN201610832558 A CN 201610832558A CN 106370624 B CN106370624 B CN 106370624B
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liquid
laser pen
containing box
liquid containing
refractive index
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CN106370624A (en
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赵辉
张杨
张二小
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Anshan Normal University
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Anshan Normal University
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/41Refractivity; Phase-affecting properties, e.g. optical path length
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2201/00Features of devices classified in G01N21/00
    • G01N2201/06Illumination; Optics
    • G01N2201/061Sources
    • G01N2201/06113Coherent sources; lasers

Abstract

The invention relates to an experimental method and device for measuring the refractive index of liquid, wherein the device comprises a device body, a liquid accommodating box, a laser pen rack, a laser pen and a mobile device; the device body consists of an inner groove and an outer groove which are arranged in parallel, and the liquid containing box is arranged in the inner groove and can move along the groove walls at two sides of the inner groove under the action of the moving device; the liquid containing box is a transparent box body with a rectangular cross section, a reflecting sheet is arranged at the center of the inner side of the rear wall of the box body along the moving direction, and a moving device is arranged outside the corresponding rear wall of the box body; the laser pen is fixed in the outer groove through the laser pen rack, and laser pen light emission end is towards reflection of light piece one side, and the laser pen is high setting with reflection of light piece center. The invention converts angle measurement into distance measurement through the experimental device, and the experimental device has simple structure, simple measurement process and high measurement accuracy.

Description

Experimental method and device for measuring refractive index of liquid
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optics, in particular to an experimental method and device for measuring the refractive index of liquid.
Background
In the industries of food, chemical industry, medicine and the like, the concentration of liquid is often detected in the production process, and the refractive index and the concentration of most of liquid have a certain relationship. The refractive index of a liquid is usually measured by an Abbe refractometer, a spectrometer or the like. Although Abbe refractometer has high precision, the Abbe refractometer has complex structure and higher manufacturing cost; the spectrometer has the advantages of accurate refraction angle measurement, high debugging difficulty, certain limitation in use, and quite low requirement in the medicine industry, especially in the case of higher accuracy of liquid concentration measurement. The experimental method for measuring the refractive index of the liquid is simple, low in cost and high in accuracy, and has practical significance in industrial production.
The incident angle in the refraction law can be accurately controlled in experimental operation, but the refraction angle of liquid is difficult to accurately measure, and the measurement of the refraction angle is critical for obtaining the refraction index. The invention converts the angle measurement into the length measurement, and well solves the problem of measuring the refraction angle.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an experimental method and device for measuring the refractive index of liquid, which convert angle measurement into distance measurement through an experimental device, and the experimental device has the advantages of simple structure, simple measurement process and high measurement accuracy.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
an experimental method for measuring the refractive index of a liquid, comprising the steps of:
1) The method comprises the steps of measuring the refractive index of liquid by adopting a special experimental device, wherein the experimental device is provided with a liquid containing box, a laser pen rack and a laser pen, and the liquid containing box is a transparent box body with a rectangular cross section and is used for containing liquid to be measured; the liquid containing box is provided with a moving device outside, and the moving device can drive the liquid containing box to move linearly; the liquid containing box body is correspondingly provided with a reflector at the center of the inner side of the rear wall of the mobile device, the laser pen rack is used for fixing a laser pen, and the laser pen is arranged at the same height as the reflector;
2) During measurement, the laser pen is fixed on one side of the liquid containing box adjacent to the rear wall provided with the reflecting box body through the laser pen rack; the liquid is not injected into the liquid containing box; the light of the laser pen is made to enter from the side wall of the side box body at an angle of 45 degrees and is beaten at the position of the middle point marked in advance by the reflecting sheet, and the emergence angle of the light is also 45 degrees according to the reflection law;
3) Adding liquid to be measured into the liquid containing box, and enabling the top surface of the liquid to be measured to pass through the reflecting sheet; at this time, as the incident light of the laser pen deflects in the liquid to be measured, the refraction point of the incident light on the reflecting sheet deviates from the midpoint position of the reflecting sheet; the position of the liquid containing box is adjusted by the moving device, so that the liquid containing box moves forwards and backwards until the incident light of the laser pen strikes the midpoint position of the reflecting sheet again; recording the moving distance of the liquid containing box, wherein the measuring accuracy of the moving distance is 0.001cm;
4) Let the side length of the liquid containing box on one side of the reflector be a, the moving distance of the liquid containing box be x, the refraction angle of the liquid to be measured be θ, the refraction index of the liquid to be measured be n, it can be deduced that:
again because: sin45 ° =nsinθ
So thatThe refractive index of the liquid to be measured is:
5) Analyzing experimental data;
a) Calculating a percentage error;
the liquid refractive index measured by an Abbe refractometer with high accuracy is used as a calibration value and is marked as n'; comparing with the experimental scheme to obtain a percentage error;
b) Calculating uncertainty;
class a uncertainty due to occasional errors is:
class B uncertainty due to systematic errors is negligible;
the standard uncertainty is obtained by a transfer formula of uncertainty:
6) The refractive index of the finally obtained liquid to be measured is as follows:wherein->The refractive index average value measured for a plurality of repeated experiments.
An experimental device for measuring the refractive index of liquid for the method comprises a device body, a liquid containing box, a laser pen rack, a laser pen and a moving device; the device body consists of an inner groove and an outer groove which are arranged in parallel, and the liquid containing box is arranged in the inner groove and can move along the groove walls at two sides of the inner groove under the action of the moving device; the liquid containing box is a transparent box body with a rectangular cross section, a reflecting sheet is arranged at the center of the inner side of the rear wall of the box body along the moving direction, and a moving device is arranged outside the corresponding side wall of the box body; the laser pen is fixed in the outer groove through the laser pen rack, and laser pen light emission end is towards reflection of light piece one side, and the laser pen is high setting with reflection of light piece center.
The moving device consists of a screw rod and a handle, one end of the screw rod penetrates through the wall of the inner groove and is fixedly connected with the handle, and the other end of the screw rod is tightly propped against the outer side of the liquid containing box body.
The handle of the mobile device is provided with a pointer, and the outer side of the wall of the corresponding inner groove is provided with a dial.
The device body and the liquid containing box are made of transparent acrylic materials.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) The angle measurement can be converted into the distance measurement through the experimental device, and the measurement accuracy is high;
2) The accuracy of measuring the refractive index of the liquid can be effectively improved by increasing the size of the liquid containing box;
3) The experimental device has the advantages of simple structure, low manufacturing cost, convenient operation and simple measurement process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an experimental device for measuring refractive index of liquid according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an experimental method for measuring the refractive index of a liquid according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1. an inner groove 2, an outer groove 3, a liquid containing box 4, a reflecting sheet 5, a laser pen rack 6, a laser pen 7, a screw 8, a handle 9 and a dial
Detailed Description
The following is a further description of embodiments of the invention, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
the invention relates to an experimental method for measuring the refractive index of liquid, which comprises the following steps:
1) The method comprises the steps of measuring the refractive index of liquid by adopting a special experimental device, wherein the experimental device is provided with a liquid containing box 3, a laser pen rack 5 and a laser pen 6, and the liquid containing box 3 is a transparent box body with a rectangular cross section and is used for containing liquid to be measured; a moving device is arranged outside the liquid containing box 3, and can drive the liquid containing box 3 to move linearly; the central part of the inner side of the rear wall of the liquid containing box 3, which corresponds to the installation moving device, is provided with a reflecting sheet 4, a laser pen rack 5 is used for fixing a laser pen 6, and the laser pen 6 and the reflecting sheet 4 are arranged at the same height;
2) During measurement, the laser pen 6 is fixed on one side of the liquid containing box 3 adjacent to the rear wall of the box body provided with the reflecting sheet 4 through the laser pen rack 5; no liquid is injected into the liquid containing box 3; the light of the laser pen 6 is made to enter from the side wall of the side box body at an angle of 45 degrees and is beaten at the position of the middle point marked in advance by the reflecting sheet 4, and the emergence angle of the light is also 45 degrees according to the law of reflection;
3) Adding liquid to be measured into the liquid containing box 3, and enabling the top surface of the liquid to be measured to be beyond the reflecting sheet 4; at this time, since the incident light of the laser pen 6 deflects in the liquid to be measured, the refractive point of the incident light on the reflecting sheet 4 deviates from the midpoint of the reflecting sheet 4; the position of the liquid containing box 3 is adjusted by the moving device to move back and forth until the incident light of the laser pen 6 strikes the midpoint position of the reflecting sheet 4 again; recording the moving distance of the liquid containing box 3, wherein the measuring accuracy of the moving distance is 0.001cm;
4) Let the side length of the liquid containing box 3 on the side where the reflection sheet 4 is installed be a, the distance that the liquid containing box 3 moves be x, the refraction angle of the liquid to be measured be θ, and the refraction index of the liquid to be measured be n, it can be deduced that:
again because: sin45 ° =nsinθ
Therefore, the refractive index of the liquid to be measured is:
5) Analyzing experimental data;
a) Calculating a percentage error;
liquid refractive index measured by Abbe refractometer with high accuracy and measuringAs a calibration value, denoted as n'; comparing with the experimental scheme to obtain a percentage error;
b) Calculating uncertainty;
class a uncertainty due to occasional errors is:
class B uncertainty due to systematic errors is negligible;
the standard uncertainty is obtained by a transfer formula of uncertainty:
6) The refractive index of the finally obtained liquid to be measured is as follows:wherein->The refractive index average value measured for a plurality of repeated experiments.
An experimental device for measuring the refractive index of liquid for the method comprises a device body, a liquid containing box 3, a laser pen rack 5, a laser pen 6 and a moving device; the device body consists of an inner groove 1 and an outer groove 2 which are arranged in parallel, and a liquid containing box 3 is arranged in the inner groove 1 and can move along the groove walls at two sides of the inner groove 1 under the action of a moving device; the liquid containing box 3 is a transparent box body with a rectangular cross section, a reflecting sheet 4 is arranged at the center of the inner side of the rear wall of the box body along the moving direction, and a moving device is arranged outside the corresponding side wall of the box body; the laser pen 6 is fixed in the outer groove 2 through the laser pen rack 5, and the light emitting end of the laser pen 6 faces one side of the reflecting sheet 4, and the laser pen 6 and the reflecting sheet 4 are arranged at the same height.
The moving device consists of a screw rod 7 and a handle 8, one end of the screw rod 7 penetrates through the groove wall of the inner groove 1 to be fixedly connected with the handle 8, and the other end of the screw rod is tightly propped against the outer side of the box body of the liquid containing box 3.
The handle 8 of the moving device is provided with a pointer, and the outer side of the wall of the corresponding inner groove 1 is provided with a dial 9.
The device body and the liquid containing box 3 are made of transparent acrylic materials.
The following examples are given by way of illustration of detailed embodiments and specific procedures based on the technical scheme of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples. The methods used in the examples described below are conventional methods unless otherwise specified.
[ example ]
The principle of the experimental method for measuring the refractive index of the liquid is based on the law of refraction and the law of reflection. In the conventional experimental operation, the incident angle in the refraction law can be accurately controlled, but a certain difficulty is involved in accurately measuring the refraction angle of the liquid, and the measurement of the refraction angle is critical for obtaining the refraction index. The invention adopts a method of converting angle measurement into distance measurement, so that the measurement of the refraction angle becomes simple and accurate.
As shown in fig. 2, according to the design principle of the present invention, for a certain liquid to be measured, we need to measure the moving distance x of the liquid containing box 3. In order to make the experimental data more accurate, each liquid to be tested is repeatedly measured for multiple times, and the obtained multiple groups of data are averagedAnd then, according to the measured value, calculating sin theta, and finally, calculating the refractive index n of the liquid.
1. Natural conditions in laboratory: the temperature is 24 ℃ and the humidity is 72 percent and the air pressure is 100.4kPa.
2. The experimental steps are as follows:
1) Assembling an experimental device; the liquid containing box 3 is made of transparent acrylic material with rectangular cross section, and the short side length is 1/2 longer than the long side length. The retroreflective sheeting 4 is disposed on the long sides.
2) Firstly, the liquid to be measured is not placed in the liquid containing box 3, so that the incident light of the laser pen 6 is incident at an angle of 45 degrees and is beaten on a midpoint position marked in advance by the reflecting sheet 4;
3) Pouring a proper amount of liquid to be measured into the liquid containing box 3, so that the top surface of the liquid containing box is beyond the reflecting sheet 4, and the refraction point on the reflecting sheet 4 deviates from the midpoint position due to the existence of the refraction angle of the liquid;
4) The position of the light source is fixed, the screw rod 7 is rotated to push the liquid containing box 3 to move until the light rays strike the midpoint position marked by the reflecting sheet 4 again; the number of turns of the screw 7 which is screwed in is recorded and converted into the moving distance x of the liquid containing box 3;
5) The experimental steps of 2) -4) were repeated to obtain 5 sets of data.
3. Experimental data are shown in table 1;
TABLE 1 distance x and average value of liquid containing box movement
4. Analysis of experimental data
In this embodiment, since the measurement accuracy of the moving distance of the liquid containing case 3 is 0.001cm, the side length a of the side of the liquid containing case 3 provided with the reflection sheet 4 is sufficiently large, and the liquid containing case 3 is made to be fine, and the difference between n and the calibration value n' is small, the class B uncertainty is ignored when the uncertainty calculation is performed.
Obtaining errors and results of refractive indexes of experimental samples shown in table 2 according to experimental data;
TABLE 2 experimental error analysis and results
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art, who is within the scope of the present invention, should make equivalent substitutions or modifications according to the technical scheme of the present invention and the inventive concept thereof, and should be covered by the scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. An experimental method for measuring the refractive index of liquid is realized based on an experimental device; the experimental device is characterized by comprising a device body, a liquid containing box, a laser pen rack, a laser pen and a moving device; the device body consists of an inner groove and an outer groove which are arranged in parallel, and the liquid containing box is arranged in the inner groove and can move along the groove walls at two sides of the inner groove under the action of the moving device; the liquid containing box is a transparent box body with a rectangular cross section, a reflecting sheet is arranged at the center of the inner side of the rear wall of the box body along the moving direction, and a moving device is arranged outside the corresponding side wall of the box body; the laser pen is fixed in the outer groove through the laser pen rack, the light emitting end of the laser pen faces one side of the reflecting sheet, and the laser pen and the reflecting sheet are arranged at the same height;
the experimental method for measuring the refractive index of the liquid comprises the following steps:
1) The method comprises the steps of measuring the refractive index of liquid by adopting a special experimental device, wherein the experimental device is provided with a liquid containing box, a laser pen rack and a laser pen, and the liquid containing box is a transparent box body with a rectangular cross section and is used for containing liquid to be measured; the liquid containing box is provided with a moving device outside, and the moving device can drive the liquid containing box to move linearly; the liquid containing box body is correspondingly provided with a reflector at the center of the inner side of the rear wall of the mobile device, the laser pen rack is used for fixing a laser pen, and the laser pen is arranged at the same height as the reflector;
2) During measurement, the laser pen is fixed on one side of the liquid containing box adjacent to the rear wall provided with the reflecting box body through the laser pen rack; the liquid is not injected into the liquid containing box; the light of the laser pen is made to enter from the side wall of the side box body at an angle of 45 degrees and is beaten at the position of the middle point marked in advance by the reflecting sheet, and the emergence angle of the light is also 45 degrees according to the reflection law;
3) Adding liquid to be measured into the liquid containing box, and enabling the top surface of the liquid to be measured to pass through the reflecting sheet; at this time, as the incident light of the laser pen deflects in the liquid to be measured, the refraction point of the incident light on the reflecting sheet deviates from the midpoint position of the reflecting sheet; the position of the liquid containing box is adjusted by the moving device, so that the liquid containing box moves forwards and backwards until the incident light of the laser pen strikes the midpoint position of the reflecting sheet again; recording the moving distance of the liquid containing box, wherein the measuring accuracy of the moving distance is 0.001cm;
4) Let the side length of the liquid containing box on one side of the reflector be a, the moving distance of the liquid containing box be x, the refraction angle of the liquid to be measured be θ, the refraction index of the liquid to be measured be n, it can be deduced that:
again because: sin45 ° =nsinθ
Therefore, the refractive index of the liquid to be measured is:
5) Analyzing experimental data;
a) Calculating a percentage error;
the liquid refractive index measured by an Abbe refractometer with high accuracy is used as a calibration value and is marked as n'; comparing with the experimental scheme to obtain a percentage error;
b) Calculating uncertainty;
class a uncertainty due to occasional errors is:
class B uncertainty due to systematic errors is negligible;
the standard uncertainty is obtained by a transfer formula of uncertainty:
6) The refractive index of the finally obtained liquid to be measured is as follows:wherein->The refractive index average value measured for a plurality of repeated experiments.
2. The experimental method for measuring the refractive index of liquid according to claim 1, wherein the moving device comprises a screw rod and a handle, one end of the screw rod penetrates through the wall of the inner groove and is fixedly connected with the handle, and the other end of the screw rod is tightly propped against the outer side of the liquid containing box body.
3. The experimental method for measuring the refractive index of liquid according to claim 1, wherein the handle of the mobile device is provided with a pointer, and the outer side of the wall of the corresponding inner groove is provided with a dial.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the device body and the liquid container are made of transparent acrylic material.
CN201610832558.5A 2016-09-20 2016-09-20 Experimental method and device for measuring refractive index of liquid Active CN106370624B (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108478044B (en) * 2018-05-29 2019-11-26 杨荣华 A kind of salt water for kitchen use, syrup concentration regulate and control Intelligent water cup
CN109781591A (en) * 2019-01-25 2019-05-21 淄博澳谱仪器有限公司 A kind of measurement method and measuring device of sample refractive index

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CN2412263Y (en) * 1999-12-17 2000-12-27 鲍勇阳 Liquid refracting demonstration analyzer
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CN102467846A (en) * 2011-05-22 2012-05-23 杨兆民 Measuring device for medium refractive index
CN102830091A (en) * 2011-06-16 2012-12-19 江南大学 Method for measuring liquid refractive index through method of angle of minimum deviation
CN204556500U (en) * 2015-05-04 2015-08-12 西京学院 A kind of based on sharp light-struck device for measuring refractive index of transparent liquid
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