CN106370593A - Friction factor measuring method oriented to complicated large deformation - Google Patents
Friction factor measuring method oriented to complicated large deformation Download PDFInfo
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- CN106370593A CN106370593A CN201610782213.3A CN201610782213A CN106370593A CN 106370593 A CN106370593 A CN 106370593A CN 201610782213 A CN201610782213 A CN 201610782213A CN 106370593 A CN106370593 A CN 106370593A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N19/00—Investigating materials by mechanical methods
- G01N19/02—Measuring coefficient of friction between materials
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/286—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q involving mechanical work, e.g. chopping, disintegrating, compacting, homogenising
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Abstract
The invention provides a friction factor measuring method oriented to complicated large deformation. In consideration of a composite deformation behavior mode of forward extrusion and backward extrusion frequently occurring to an actual complicated large deformation process of metal parts, an extrusion test piece is optimized so as to improve the sensibility to friction and lubrication conditions, and basic design requirements of an optimized target extrusion piece are as follows: the internal and external diameter ratio of a cup part of the extrusion piece is 0.77-0.84, the ratio of the rod part diameter of the extrusion piece and the initial diameter of a blank is 0.67-0.80, and the excessive inclination angle of the cup part and the rod part is 45-50 degrees. Positive and negative combined extrusion is performed on a lubricated cylindrical blank with a height-diameter ratio of 1 to 1 so as to obtain the target extrusion test piece; the positive extrusion rod part length and negative extrusion cup part height and depth dimensions of the extrusion test piece are measured, and friction factors under current lubrication conditions are determined by use of two calibration curves which are constructed on the basis of a numerical simulation technology and have different application ranges according to the cup part and rod part ratio and extrusion stroke of the extrusion test piece.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of technology of field of machining, specifically a kind of friction towards complicated large deformation because
Sub- assay method.
Background technology
In actual industrial production, most metal parts are completed by complicated large plastometric set, towards complex parts
Plastic forming process design needs abundant design experiences to support, and gradually ripe numerical simulation technology can be effectively reduced right
The dependency of experience, then setting up accurate numerical simulation calculation model just becomes extremely important.Accurately numerical simulation calculation,
Accurate process Computer simulation results can be obtained, thus instructing actual process to design.
For METHOD FOR LARGE DEFORMATION ELASTOPLASTIC, friction factor is the key parameter of numerical simulation calculation model, friction factor big
The little flowing law directly affecting during the complicated large plastometric set of metal generation, thus affect to simulate the accuracy of result of calculation.Cause
How this, relatively accurately measure corresponding friction factor, it has also become the important research direction of this area.
Ring compression method of testing is the classical way of friction factor when measuring plastic deformation, but due to ring compression deformation
Process self-deformation degree is less and simple shape, is not fully appropriate for the situation of complicated large deformation in this way.Existing
The quantitative measuring method of cold forging friction and lubricating condition and the friction factor mensure side based on muscle ring compression deformation in band
Method is although improve convenience and the accuracy of test, but nor represents complicated large deformation.
Gifu, Japan university Wang Zhigang teaches in paper " the cold forging New Appraisement side of wire surface lubricating film greasy property
Method " (plastic engineering journal, 2002,9 (4): 56 59), using a parameter lambda as evaluation index；Forge profit with existing taper
Sliding effect detection device and method is used as evaluation index by the height h of sample conical section；And the inspection of cold extrusion lubricant effect
Survey device and method by using punch stress peak value as evaluation index.But, these methods directly do not measure Numerical-Mode
Intend required friction factor.
Content of the invention
The present invention is directed to deficiencies of the prior art, proposes a kind of friction factor towards complicated large deformation and measures
Method it is contemplated that during the complexity large deformation of actual metal part recurrent forward extrusion and backward extrusion composite deformation behavior
, to improve its sensitivity to friction and lubricating condition, then measure extruding test specimen just squeezes bar portion for pattern, preferably extruding test specimen
The size of length, anti-crowded cup portion height and depth, and different using the two sets of scope of applications being built based on numerical simulation technology
Calibration curve, according to ratio and the crush stroke of extruding test specimen cup portion and bar portion, determine friction under current lubricating condition because
Son.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
The present invention obtains target extruding test specimen by shaping the blank after lubrication by positive and negative Compound Extrusion, then passes through
The characteristic size of detection test specimen, obtains its opposing compression stroke, and inquiry from calibration curve obtains corresponding friction factor.
Described target extruding test specimen includes: cup portion, bar portion and transition region, preferably rear target extrudes the basic demand of test specimen
For: the ratio of the internal-and external diameter of cup portion is 0.77～0.84, and the diameter of bar portion is 0.67～0.80 with the ratio of blank initial diameter, cup portion
It is 45 °～50 ° with the transition inclination angle of bar portion.
Described blank is cylindrical structural, and ratio of height to diameter is preferably 1: 1, and fall the fillet of 0.5mm for the two ends of this blank.
Described lubricated includes but is not limited to: at phosphorus saponification process, lubricant mist process and lubricant medium coating
Reason.
Described positive and negative Compound Extrusion shapes, and is carried out just repeatedly by putting into the blank after lubricated in extrusion die
Close extrusion molding, obtain target extruding test specimen, repeat this process to obtain 35 target extruding test specimens.
Described characteristic size refers to: refers to: target extrudes the cup portion height h1 of test specimen and the ratio of bar portion length h3, excellent
Gated slide gauge and measured the extruding cup portion height h1 of test specimen and bar portion length h3, each size was all using repeatedly measuring and took
Average method determines concrete numerical value.
Described opposing compression stroke δ h is the ratio of crush stroke and initial blank height, wherein: crush stroke is blank
Height h0 deducts target and extrudes the cup portion height of test specimen and the difference (h2 h3) of cup portion depth.
Described calibration curve, obtains in the following manner: according to the nominal size of cylindrical blank, sets up finite element mould
Type, sets the shearing friction factor between blank and extrusion die, simulates blank positive anticoincidence extrusion process used for forming, after extracting deformation
Extruding test specimen cup portion and the historical data of bar portion change, calculate the ratio of cup portion and bar portion, calculate opposing compression stroke simultaneously, from
And obtain friction factor calibration curve.
Described inquiry refers to: according to cup portion height and bar portion length ratio h3/h1, or bar portion length and cup portion height
Ratio h1/h3, and opposing compression stroke δ h, the desired extent according to friction factor selects the corresponding calibration curve can be really
The fixed required friction factor measuring.
Technique effect
Compared with prior art, the present invention can directly record the friction factor in the case of complicated large deformation, test process
Only need to measure 3 characteristic sizes of extruding test specimen, relatively convenient；Compared with traditional Means of Upsetting Ring, the method energy
Friction condition between mould and blank preferably under the conditions of reflection METHOD FOR LARGE DEFORMATION ELASTOPLASTIC.
Brief description
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the inventive method test process；
In figure: 1 is initial blank, 2 is punch, and 3 is extruding test specimen, and 4 is die.
Fig. 2 be with cup portion height with bar portion length ratio h3/h1 as vertical coordinate, friction factor test scope be 0.0～0.5
Low friction calibration curve；
Fig. 3 be with the ratio h1/h3 of bar portion length and cup portion height as vertical coordinate, friction factor test scope be 0.5～1.0
High friction calibration curve.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment comprises the following steps:
The first step, from annealed state 18cd4 be blank material, process diameter 25mm, ratio of height to diameter 1: 1 cylinder examination
Sample, falls the fillet of 0.5mm simultaneously at two ends, and carries out the lubricated of blank using phospholeum metallization processes；
Second step, the blank after lubricated is put in extrusion die, carry out positive and negative Compound Extrusion shaping, obtain target
Extruding test specimen, wherein: the ratio r1/r0 that preferably test specimen key parameter is respectively as follows: extrusion cup portion internal-and external diameter is 0.84, extrusion
Gauge diameter is 0.77 with the ratio r2/r0 of blank initial diameter, and cup portion and the excessive inclination angle theta of bar portion are 45°.Repeat this process with
Obtain 3 extruding test specimens.
3rd step, measurement extruding test specimen critical size: measure cup portion height h1, the cup portion of extruding test specimen using slide gauge
Depth h2 and bar portion length h3, each size all determines concrete numerical value using the method repeatedly measuring and be averaged.3 extruding examinations
H1, h2 and h3 value that part records is: 10.20mm, 5.02mm and 25.15mm, 10.14mm, 3.95mm and 26.27mm,
10.11mm, 2.76mm and 27.52mm.
The ratio of the 4th step, calculating bar portion length and cup portion height: according to the cup portion height h1 recording and bar portion length h3,
It is 0.406,0.386 and 0.367 that the corresponding h1/h3 ratio of 3 extruding test specimens can be calculated, the ratio of corresponding h3/h1 is 2.466,
2.591 with 2.722.
5th step, calculating opposing compression stroke: deduct cup portion height and the difference of cup portion depth with initial blank height (h0)
Value (h2 h3) crush stroke, opposing compression stroke δ h is the ratio of crush stroke and initial blank height.3 extruding examinations
Crush stroke corresponding to part is respectively as follows: 79.92,84.20 and 88.96.
6th step, determine friction factor: according to cup portion height and bar portion length ratio h3/h1 and crush stroke δ h, inquire about
Calibration curve shown in Fig. 2, you can determine that the required friction factor measuring is 0.16.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment comprises the following steps:
The first step, from annealed state 18cd4 be blank material, process diameter 25mm, ratio of height to diameter 1: 1 cylinder examination
Sample, falls the fillet of 0.5mm simultaneously at two ends, and carries out the coating lubricated of blank using a kind of no chlorine lubricating oil；
Second step, the blank after lubricated is put in extrusion die, carry out positive and negative Compound Extrusion shaping, obtain target
Extruding test specimen, wherein: the ratio r1/r0 that preferably test specimen key parameter is respectively as follows: extrusion cup portion internal-and external diameter is 0.84, extrusion
Gauge diameter is 0.77 with the ratio r2/r0 of blank initial diameter, and cup portion and the excessive inclination angle theta of bar portion are 45°.Repeat this process with
Obtain 3 extruding test specimens.
3rd step, measurement extruding test specimen critical size: measure cup portion height h1, the cup portion of extruding test specimen using slide gauge
Depth h2 and bar portion length h3, each size all determines concrete numerical value using the method repeatedly measuring and be averaged.3 extruding examinations
H1, h2 and h3 value that part records is: 9.04mm, 5.15mm and 25.60mm, 8.51mm, 3.95mm and 27.10mm, 8.37mm,
3.16mm with 28.43mm.
The ratio of the 4th step, calculating bar portion length and cup portion height: according to the cup portion height h1 recording and bar portion length h3,
It is 0.353,0.314 and 0.294 that the corresponding h1/h3 ratio of 3 extruding test specimens can be calculated, the ratio of corresponding h3/h1 is 2.832,
3.184 with 3.397.
5th step, calculating opposing compression stroke: deduct cup portion height and the difference of cup portion depth with initial blank height (h0)
Value (h2 h3) crush stroke, opposing compression stroke δ h is the ratio of crush stroke and initial blank height.3 extruding examinations
Crush stroke corresponding to part is respectively as follows: 79.40%, 84.20% and 87.36%.
6th step, determine friction factor: according to cup portion height and bar portion length ratio h3/h1 and crush stroke δ h, inquire about
Calibration curve shown in Fig. 2, you can determine that the required friction factor measuring is 0.06.
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment comprises the following steps:
The first step, from annealed state 18cd4 be blank material, process diameter 25mm, ratio of height to diameter 1: 1 cylinder examination
Sample, simultaneously two ends fall 0.5mm fillet, and using ptfe carry out blank oil foglubrication process；
Second step, the blank after lubricated is put in extrusion die, carry out positive and negative Compound Extrusion shaping, obtain target
Extruding test specimen, wherein: the ratio r1/r0 that preferably test specimen key parameter is respectively as follows: extrusion cup portion internal-and external diameter is 0.84, extrusion
Gauge diameter is 0.77 with the ratio r2/r0 of blank initial diameter, and cup portion and the excessive inclination angle theta of bar portion are 45°.Repeat this process with
Obtain 3 extruding test specimens.
3rd step, measurement extruding test specimen critical size: measure cup portion height h1, the cup portion of extruding test specimen using slide gauge
Depth h2 and bar portion length h3, each size all determines concrete numerical value using the method repeatedly measuring and be averaged.4 extruding examinations
H1, h2 and h3 value that part records is: 10.03mm, 5.73mm and 23.95mm, 9.88mm, 4.64mm and 25.39mm, 9.99mm,
3.71mm and 26.65mm, 9.85mm, 2.67mm and 27.84mm.
The ratio of the 4th step, calculating bar portion length and cup portion height: according to the cup portion height h1 recording and bar portion length h3,
3 extruding test specimens can be calculated and correspond to h1/h3 ratio is 0.419,0.389,0.375 and 0.354, and the ratio of corresponding h3/h1 is
2.388th, 2.570,2.668 and 2.826.
5th step, calculating opposing compression stroke: deduct cup portion height and the difference of cup portion depth with initial blank height (h0)
Value (h2 h3) crush stroke, opposing compression stroke δ h is the ratio of crush stroke and initial blank height.3 extruding examinations
Crush stroke corresponding to part is respectively as follows: 77.08%, 81.44%, 85.16% and 89.32%.
6th step, determine friction factor: according to cup portion height and bar portion length ratio h3/h1 and crush stroke δ h, inquire about
Calibration curve shown in Fig. 2, you can determine that the required friction factor measuring is 0.14.
Above-mentioned be embodied as can by those skilled in the art on the premise of without departing substantially from the principle of the invention and objective with difference
Mode local directed complete set is carried out to it, protection scope of the present invention is defined by claims and is not embodied as institute by above-mentioned
Limit, each implementation in the range of it is all by the constraint of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of friction factor assay method towards complicated large deformation it is characterised in that by by lubrication after blank pass through
Positive and negative Compound Extrusion shapes and obtains target extruding test specimen, then passes through to detect the characteristic size of test specimen, obtains its opposing compression row
Journey, inquiry from calibration curve obtains corresponding friction factor；
Described target extruding test specimen includes: cup portion, bar portion and transition region, wherein: the ratio of the internal-and external diameter of cup portion is 0.77～
0.84, the diameter of bar portion is 0.67～0.80 with the ratio of blank initial diameter, and cup portion is 45 °～50 ° with the transition inclination angle of bar portion.
2. the friction factor assay method towards complicated large deformation according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described blank
Ratio of height to diameter is 1:1, and fall the fillet of 0.5mm for the two ends of this blank.
3. the friction factor assay method towards complicated large deformation according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described lubrication
Process includes but is not limited to: phosphorus saponification process, lubricant mist are processed and lubricant medium coating processing.
4. the friction factor assay method towards complicated large deformation according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described is positive and negative
Compound Extrusion shapes, and carries out positive and negative Compound Extrusion shaping by putting into the blank after lubricated in extrusion die, obtains mesh
Mark extruding test specimen, repeats this process to obtain 35 target extruding test specimens.
5. the friction factor assay method towards complicated large deformation according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described feature
Size refers to: refers to: target extrudes the cup portion height h1 of test specimen and the ratio of bar portion length h3, measures extruding by slide gauge
The cup portion height h1 of test specimen and bar portion length h3, each size is all specifically counted using the method determination repeatedly measuring and be averaged
Value.
6. the friction factor assay method towards complicated large deformation according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described is relative
Crush stroke δ h is the ratio of crush stroke and initial blank height, wherein: crush stroke is that blank height h0 deducts target extruding
Cup portion depth h2 of test specimen.
7. the friction factor assay method towards complicated large deformation according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described demarcation
Curve, obtains in the following manner: according to the nominal size of cylindrical blank, sets up FEM (finite element) model, sets blank and extrusion die
The shearing friction factor between tool, simulates blank positive anticoincidence extrusion process used for forming, extracts extruding test specimen cup portion and bar portion after deformation
The historical data of change, calculates the ratio of cup portion and bar portion, calculates opposing compression stroke simultaneously, thus obtain friction factor demarcating
Curve.
8. the friction factor assay method towards complicated large deformation according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described inquiry
Refer to: when friction factor is contemplated to 0.0～0.5 scope, according to cup portion height and bar portion length ratio h3/h1 and crush stroke
δ h, can determine that the friction factor of required mensure from corresponding calibration curve；When friction factor is contemplated to 0.5～1.0 scope
When, according to the ratio h1/h3 and crush stroke δ h of bar portion length and cup portion height, can determine that institute from corresponding calibration curve
The friction factor that need to measure.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107808064A (en) * | 2017-11-22 | 2018-03-16 | 武汉理工大学 | The Optimization Design of the short route extrusion forming process of blast-furnace tuyere front end cap body |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107808064A (en) * | 2017-11-22 | 2018-03-16 | 武汉理工大学 | The Optimization Design of the short route extrusion forming process of blast-furnace tuyere front end cap body |
| CN107808064B (en) * | 2017-11-22 | 2021-04-27 | 武汉理工大学 | Optimization design method of short-flow extrusion forming process of blast furnace tuyere front-end cap body |
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