CN106370312A - Absolute radiometer and absolute radiometer background space radiation and heat transfer measuring method - Google Patents
Absolute radiometer and absolute radiometer background space radiation and heat transfer measuring method Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
- G01J5/10—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry using electric radiation detectors
- G01J5/12—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry using electric radiation detectors using thermoelectric elements, e.g. thermocouples
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
- G01J5/10—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry using electric radiation detectors
- G01J5/12—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry using electric radiation detectors using thermoelectric elements, e.g. thermocouples
- G01J2005/123—Thermoelectric array
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Abstract
The invention provides an absolute radiometer and absolute radiometer background space radiation and heat transfer measuring method, which belongs to the field of optical radiation and measurement to solve the problems in the prior art that in the process of using a conventional absolute radiometer to measure the total solar irradiance, radiation and heat transfer often suffer from correction loss and that the international radiation benchmark traceability is poor. The absolute radiometer comprises a field diaphragm, a main diaphragm and an internal thermal structure in the radiometer. The internal thermal structure in the radiometer includes a compression sheet, a polyimide gasket, a thermopile, a heat sink and an absorption cavity. The absorption cavity is of a positively conical cavity structure with brim; the upper face of the thermopile is connected with the brim of the absorption cavity and the lower face is connected with the heat sink. The compression sheet is fixed to the brim of the absorption cavity through the polyimide gasket. In this method, the radiometer is minimized through the use of a finite element method, and a corresponding radiation element is covered on the outer surface. The radiation element is used to solve the complex radiation and heat transfer relationship between the background space and the absorption cavity and to make up the lack of a correction system in the absolute radiometer.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to remote sensor in-orbit optical radiation measurement field is and in particular to one kind is used for measuring absolute radiometer background
The measuring method of space radiation heat transfer.
Background technology
With solar irradiance research deepen continuously and spatial spectral remote sensing development, people's total spoke for the sun
The requirement more and more higher of illumination photometry precision.The spatial context radiant heat transfer of absolute radiometer is quantitative determined thus improving
Absolute radiometer certainty of measurement is the key issue of solar irradiance development at this stage.Wherein, impact absolute radiometer measurement
Radiation heat transfer comprise two parts: spatial context changes to the radiation between the radiation heat transfer of absorbing cavity and radiometer cavity components
Heat.Radiation heat transfer within cavity components is generally ignored because the temperature contrast of each assembly is less, the radiation of spatial context
Heat exchange is considered as the key factor of impact cavity components temperature.However, due to the complicated cavity components structure of absolute radiometer,
The angle of radiation factor between spatial context and absorbing cavity is difficult to qualitative assessment.Simultaneously as absolute radiometer is enclosed in one
In accurate inner space, this portion of energy nor measured by experiment or the method for Theoretical Calculation accurately obtains.
Typically in the outer covering last layer of base and absorbing cavity, the radiation with oxygen-free high-conductivity copper as material is protected for existing research
Sheath.The emittance of spatial context is first delivered to this protective layer, then by the characteristic of oxygen-free high-conductivity copper high heat conductance by heat
Amount is rapidly delivered to refrigeration machine base, reaches the purpose of shielding spatial context radiation heat transfer.However, the method is actual can only reach
To weakening spatial context radiation heat transfer on the purpose absorbing the impact of cavity assembly temperature.I.e. part energy is transmitted by conduction of heat
To the base of refrigeration machine, some energy, still through the mode of radiation heat transfer, is delivered to absorption via radiation protective layer
Cavity components.Additionally, the uncertainty introduced and systematic error still can not accurately be evaluated using the method, this also contributes to definitely
The data processing of radiometer instrument.
Therefore, for meeting the Research Requirements to earth climatological observation, absolute radiometer inflight measurement precision and survey are improved
Amount data is traced to the source to world's radiation standard.It is fixed using new measuring method, the spatial context radiant heat transfer of absolute radiometer to be carried out
Amount assessment is the new approaches of in-orbit optical radiation measurement.
Content of the invention
The present invention is to solve radiant heat transfer correction disappearance during existing absolute radiometer measurement total solar irradiance, with state
Border radiates the poor problem of benchmark traceability, provides a kind of absolute radiometer and the survey of absolute radiometer spatial context radiant heat transfer
Amount method.
Absolute radiometer, including field stop, key light door screen and the internal heat structure of radiometer；Described field stop is assemblied in spoke
For limiting the incident intensity of incident illumination and eliminating veiling glare before penetrating the internal heat structure of meter, after key light door screen is located at field stop
And it is arranged on the internal heat structure porch of radiometer, the heat sink temperature for Balance Absorption chamber；The internal heat structure of described radiometer
Including tabletting, polyimides pad, thermoelectric pile, heat sink and absorbing cavity；Described absorbing cavity is imbedded in light radiation region and is added for electricity
The heater strip of heat, scribbles direct reflection coating, described absorbing cavity is the normal cone cavity configuration with the brim of a hat, described heat inside absorbing cavity
The upper top surface of pile connects the absorbing cavity the brim of a hat, the bottom surface of thermoelectric pile and heat sink connection；Described tabletting passes through polyimides pad
Fix with the absorbing cavity the brim of a hat.
The measuring method of absolute radiometer spatial context radiant heat transfer, the method is realized by following steps:
Step one, set up FEM (finite element) model；
According to the actual three dimensional structure of absolute radiometer, finite element system is set up the reality with described absolute radiometer
The corresponding FEM (finite element) model of three dimensional structure；
Step 2, different incident powers are applied successively to the FEM (finite element) model described in step one and actual three dimensional structure,
And contrast when incident power is identical, and the steady state sensitivity of FEM (finite element) model and actual three dimensional structure, judge described finite element mould
Whether type is less than 1% with the relative error of the steady state sensitivity of actual three dimensional structure, if it is, execution step three；If not, returning
Return step；
Step 3, spatial context heat exchange measurement；
The far-end of the FEM (finite element) model described in step one sets up the space not having coordinate relation with described FEM (finite element) model
Node, the ambient temperature of radiation shield setting radiometer is as constant, and described constant is attached to space nodes；
Cover one layer of radiating element corresponding with described space nodes in described radiometer outer surface, by described space nodes
Form factor between radiating element is stored in a matrix relationship, according to described matrix relationship obtain ambient temperature with heat sink
Between radiation heat transfer, described ambient temperature with heat sink between radiation heat transfer be equivalent to space nodes and corresponding radiating element
Radiation heat transfer；
Different incident powers are applied successively to the absorbing cavity of FEM (finite element) model, record has radiant heat transfer state and nothing respectively
The equilibrium temperature of absorbing cavity under radiant heat transfer state；The equilibrium temperature difference of measurement is averaged, this meansigma methods is and corresponds to
Spatial context and the radiant heat transfer energy of absorbing cavity.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
First, method of the present invention is easy and simple to handle, repeatable strong, for quantitative measurement finite element system with definitely
The practical structures of radiometer combine, and accuracy is high, and the radiant heat transfer being suitable for absolute radiometer different cone chamber cavity structure is surveyed
Amount；
2nd, each Rotating fields in cone chamber of the equivalent-simplification absorbing cavity configuration and thermophysical property in the present invention, and comprise
Bonding bores the deoxy resin glue in chamber it is considered to more comprehensively, accurately；Thermopile structure is sub- by 180 pairs of copper constantan heater strips and polyamides
Amido body forms, and thermoelectric pile is divided into two structures by finite element system, contributes to each assembly in research cone chamber to absolute radiation timing
Between constant concrete contribution；
3rd, absorbing cavity is divided into heater strip layer and pitch-dark layer, light heating period and the electrical heating stage phase with absolute radiometer
Corresponding；Additionally, heat sink be connected with absorbing cavity by thermoelectric pile, each for absolute radiometer assembly is maintained under constant temperature, improve
The stability of measurement and controllability.
4th, method of the present invention has easy and simple to handle, adaptable energy advantage, is provided simultaneously with survey calculation essence
Really, stable guarantee.Bore the cavity structure in chamber for different radiometers, the standard that can serve as quantitative measurement uses.To build
Vertical finite element system is combined with realistic model, and relative uncertainty degree is included in the uncertainty of measurement of absolute radiometer instrument
Calculated, efficiently solved the difficult problem that absolute radiometer spatial context radiant heat transfer is carried out with qualitative assessment.
Brief description
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of absolute radiometer of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the internal heat structure of radiometer in absolute radiometer of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Specific embodiment one, combine Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 illustrate present embodiment, absolute radiometer, include field stop 2, lead
Diaphragm 3 and the internal heat structure of radiometer；Described field stop 2 is used for limiting incident illumination 1 before being assemblied in the internal heat structure of radiometer
Incident intensity and eliminate veiling glare, after key light door screen 3 is located at field stop 2 and be arranged on the internal heat structure entrance of radiometer
Place, heat sink 6 are used for the temperature in Balance Absorption chamber 5；The internal heat structure of described radiometer includes tabletting 7, polyimides pad 8, heat
Pile 4, heat sink 6 and absorbing cavity 5；
Described absorbing cavity 5 is imbedded for electrically heated heater strip in light radiation region, scribbles direct reflection inside absorbing cavity 5
Coating, described absorbing cavity 5 is the normal cone cavity configuration with the brim of a hat, and the upper top surface of described thermoelectric pile 4 connects the absorbing cavity the brim of a hat, thermoelectricity
The bottom surface of heap 4 is connected with heat sink 6；Described tabletting 7 is fixed with the absorbing cavity the brim of a hat by polyimides pad 8.
In photoelectric measurement, the area of key light door screen is accurately measured the irradiance intensity for determining incident illumination.In cavity components
Tabletting 7 play the effect of fixing thermoelectric pile for aluminium ring, polyimides pad 8 then carries out thermal insulation to the side of thermoelectric pile, makes thermoelectricity
Heap is only connected by bottom surface and carries out heat exchange with heat sink, and the convenient heat transfer system to absolute radiometer carries out Simplified analysis.
Heat sink 6 is the cylindrical metal block of an aluminum, and volume is larger, and the cavity components of absolute radiometer and key light door screen are encapsulated in
Interior, in photoelectric measurement, heat sink temperature remains stable it is ensured that absolute radiation photometric heats the heat with the electrical heating stage by thermal control
Exchange background environment identical.
The impact of the temperature raying heat exchange of absolute radiometer photoelectric measurement its cavity components of process, is embodied in and is carried on the back
The temperature contrast that scape space radiation heat exchange causes, this temperature contrast can not carry out the survey of repeatability by the method for specific experiment
Amount.Measure this difference to carry out repeated experiment and there is the function of easy regulation, specifically comprise the following steps that
First, set up FEM (finite element) model.According to the actual three dimensional structure of absolute radiometer, in accordance with boolean in finite element system
The principle of computing sets up corresponding FEM (finite element) model.Absorb intracavity and comprise multiple structure, main body is silver, and smears in outer wall
Upper epoxide-resin glue and thermoelectric pile are bonded.The skewness of complicated three dimensional structure and bonded adhesives need to carry out letter to it
Change.Absorbing cavity after simplification comprises pitch-dark layer, heater strip layer and absorbs cavity main body, and resin glue is comprised in absorption cavity main body
Interior.The specific heat capacity of absorbing cavity and thermal conductivity are set to scalable state, and other specification is build-in attribute.Apply in heating region
The heating power of 1mw, when the final equilibrium temperature of FEM (finite element) model absorbing cavity and equilibration time constant are identical with practical structures
When, specific heat capacity now and thermal conductivity rate score are set point value.This simplification ensure that FEM (finite element) model and the total hot melt of practical structures
Identical with total thermal conductivity.
2nd, FEM (finite element) model is combined with practical structures.The steady state sensitivity of absolute radiometer is evaluation appts performance
Important parameter, decides reception cavity and arranges temperature and the scope of measurement power.In measurement process, it be defined as reception cavity with
Heat sink temperature difference and the ratio of input power.60mw, 75mw and 90mw are applied successively to FEM (finite element) model and practical structures
Incident power, the steady state sensitivity of two kinds of situations of contrast, (meet the essence of absolute radiometer instrument when relative error is less than 1%
Degree requires) it is believed that this FEM (finite element) model meets photoelectricity unequal effect measurement standard.
3rd, spatial context radiation heat transfer measurement.Establishing one in the far-end of model does not have coordinate relation with threedimensional model
Space nodes, if the temperature of the second layer radiation shield of low temperature radiometer be constant and stable in 77k, that is, ambient temperature is 77k
And it is attached to space nodes.Then, cover last layer radiating element corresponding with space nodes in whole radiometer outer surface, by sky
Form factor between intermediate node and radiating element is stored in a matrix relationship.This matrix relationship and correspondence is utilized during solution
Radiation relation, ambient temperature with heat sink between radiation heat transfer be equivalent to the radiation that space nodes are with corresponding radiating element and changed
Heat, the change with heat sink temperature is changed by the calculating of this radiant heat transfer energy.The cone chamber of FEM (finite element) model is applied successively
Plus the incident power of 60mw, 75mw and 90mw, recording respectively has radiant heat transfer state and radiationless heat transfer conditions lower chamber assembly
Final equilibrium temperature.The final equilibrium temperature difference of 3 groups of measurements is averaged, this numerical value is corresponding spatial context and suction
Receive the radiant heat transfer energy in chamber.
In present embodiment, the model set up is by practical structures infinitesimal, FEM (finite element) model and the spoke of absolute radiometer
The three dimensional structure penetrating meter coincide closely.Described radiometer absorbs cavity configuration and thermophysical property by equivalent-simplification.After simplification
Absorbing cavity comprises pitch-dark layer, heater strip layer and absorbs cavity main body, and this structure includes boring the deoxy resin glue in chamber for bonding.
Radiometer thermopile structure described in present embodiment is by 180 pairs of copper constantan heater strips and polyimide matrix group
Become, in finite element system, thermopile structure is divided into heater strip part and body portion.
Measuring method adaptability described in present embodiment is strong, for absolute radiometer and the different lumen type of different model
The cone chamber of structure, the method can meet measurement requirement.
In space environment, affected by cosmic ray, space particle, each cavity components decay of radiometer is serious, material
The ermal physics attribute of material changes substantially, affects the calculating of spatial context radiation heat transfer.Finite element unit method using the present invention
After equivalent, the coefficient of heat conduction of the assembly material such as absorbing cavity and specific heat capacity are enclosed corresponding attenuation function, so not only improve
The precision of solar irradiance absolute radiometer spatial context radiation heat transfer is moreover it is possible to take into account each Material Physics during too aerial survety
The decay of attribute.
Eighties of last century eighties, United Kingdom National physics laboratory (npl) and American National Standard technical research institute
Etc. (nist) development low temperature sun absolute radiometer is proposed, thus setting up the new benchmark of light radiation absolute calibration measurement.Contrast is often
Warm radiometer, the certainty of measurement of low temperature radiometer brings up to 0.01% from 0.1%～1%.New required precision needs more accurate
Every error correction, measuring method of the present invention utilize finite element unit method by radiometer infinitesimal, be conducive to obtaining
High-precision radiation measurement, and cover the corresponding radiating element of last layer in outer surface, solve background with this radiating element
Complicated radiant heat transfer relation between space and absorbing cavity.The radiant heat transfer recording is quantitative virtual value, rather than qualitatively comments
Valuation.This, to the disappearance making up absolute radiometer revised system, meets the experiment measurement requirement of low temperature actinometer.To raising
Absolute radiometer measured value is had with the tractability of International Radiation benchmark wrr (world radiometric reference)
Very big progressive meaning.
To sum up, the finite element unit method for quantitative measurement absolute radiometer spatial context radiant heat transfer of the present invention can
Solve current background space and absorbing cavity radiant heat transfer is unable to the key issue of accurate measurement.The method have easy and simple to handle, fit
The feature of Ying Xingqiang, can be for the boundary condition of different situations regulation finite element system and initial condition to meet requirement.Especially
It is the absolute radiometer for different model, the cavity structure in cone chamber may be not quite similar, but the method is still suitable for.
Claims (7)
1. absolute radiometer, including field stop (2), key light door screen (3) and the internal heat structure of radiometer；Described field stop (2)
It is used for limiting the incident intensity of incident illumination (1) before being assemblied in the internal heat structure of radiometer and eliminate veiling glare, key light door screen (3) position
After field stop (2) and be arranged on the internal heat structure porch of radiometer, heat sink (6) are used for the temperature in Balance Absorption chamber (5)
Degree；It is characterized in that, the internal heat structure of described radiometer includes tabletting (7), polyimides pad (8), thermoelectric pile (4), heat sink (6)
With absorbing cavity (5)；
Described absorbing cavity (5) is imbedded inside for electrically heated heater strip, absorbing cavity (5) in light radiation region and is scribbled direct reflection
Coating, described absorbing cavity (5) is the normal cone cavity configuration with the brim of a hat, and the upper top surface of described thermoelectric pile (4) connects the absorbing cavity the brim of a hat,
The bottom surface of thermoelectric pile (4) is connected with heat sink (6)；It is solid with the absorbing cavity the brim of a hat that described tabletting (7) passes through polyimides pad (8)
Fixed.
2. absolute radiometer according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that in step one, the absorbing cavity of FEM (finite element) model
Outer wall scribbles epoxide-resin glue, and is bonded with thermoelectric pile (4) by described epoxide-resin glue.
3. absolute radiometer according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that described thermoelectric pile (4) structure is by 180 pairs of copper-health
Copper heater strip and polyimide matrix composition.
4. the measuring method of absolute radiometer spatial context radiant heat transfer, the method is realized by following steps:
Step one, set up FEM (finite element) model；
According to the actual three dimensional structure of absolute radiometer, finite element system is set up the actual three-dimensional with described absolute radiometer
The corresponding FEM (finite element) model of structure；
Step 2, different incident powers are applied successively to the FEM (finite element) model described in step one and actual three dimensional structure, and right
Ratio when incident power is identical, the steady state sensitivity of FEM (finite element) model and actual three dimensional structure, judge described FEM (finite element) model and
Whether the relative error of the steady state sensitivity of actual three dimensional structure is less than 1%, if it is, execution step three；If not, returning step
Rapid one；
Step 3, spatial context heat exchange measurement；
The far-end of the FEM (finite element) model described in step one sets up the space nodes not having coordinate relation with described FEM (finite element) model,
The ambient temperature of radiation shield setting radiometer is as constant, and described constant is attached to space nodes；
Cover one layer of radiating element corresponding with described space nodes in described radiometer outer surface, described space nodes are radiated
Form factor between unit is stored in a matrix relationship, according to described matrix relationship obtain ambient temperature and heat sink between
Radiation heat transfer, described ambient temperature with heat sink between radiation heat transfer be equivalent to the spoke of space nodes and corresponding radiating element
Penetrate heat exchange；
Different incident powers are applied successively to the absorbing cavity of FEM (finite element) model, record has radiant heat transfer state and radiationless respectively
The equilibrium temperature of absorbing cavity under heat transfer conditions；The equilibrium temperature difference of measurement is averaged, this meansigma methods is corresponding background
Space and the radiant heat transfer energy of absorbing cavity.
5. the measuring method of absolute radiometer spatial context radiant heat transfer according to claim 4 is it is characterised in that step
In two, FEM (finite element) model and actual three dimensional structure are applied successively with different incident powers is 60mw, 75mw and 90mw；Step 3
In, different incident powers are applied successively for 60mw, 75mw and 90mw to the absorbing cavity of FEM (finite element) model.
6. the measuring method of absolute radiometer spatial context radiant heat transfer according to claim 4 is it is characterised in that step
In one, the absorption intracavity of FEM (finite element) model comprises reflectance coating, heater strip layer and absorbs cavity main body, and described absorption cavity main body includes
Resin glue, the specific heat capacity of absorbing cavity and thermal conductivity is had to be set to adjustable state.
7. the measuring method of absolute radiometer spatial context radiant heat transfer according to claim 4 is it is characterised in that step
In one, ambient temperature is constant, and constant value is 77k.
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107966208A (en) * | 2017-11-14 | 2018-04-27 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | A kind of measuring method based on the modified sun absolute radiometer of chamber temperature |
| CN107993273A (en) * | 2017-12-01 | 2018-05-04 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | The computer graphics device and drawing practice of a kind of single-particle Mie scattering properties |
| CN108801454A (en) * | 2018-05-24 | 2018-11-13 | 中国电子科技集团公司第四十研究所 | A kind of low temperature radiometer heat structure |
| CN109655166A (en) * | 2018-12-11 | 2019-04-19 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | A kind of multi-cavity absolute radiometer intersection calibration measurement method |
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| CN114265137A (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-04-01 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Reflector and preparation method thereof |
| CN114279597A (en) * | 2021-12-28 | 2022-04-05 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | High-precision low-power radiant heat flow meter capable of being used for radiant heat flow tracing calibration |
| CN115014512A (en) * | 2022-06-07 | 2022-09-06 | 中国计量科学研究院 | Double-wedge-cavity absolute radiometer |
| CN117346887A (en) * | 2023-12-04 | 2024-01-05 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Stray light measuring method outside field of view of cavity type absolute radiometer |
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| CN107966208A (en) * | 2017-11-14 | 2018-04-27 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | A kind of measuring method based on the modified sun absolute radiometer of chamber temperature |
| CN107993273A (en) * | 2017-12-01 | 2018-05-04 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | The computer graphics device and drawing practice of a kind of single-particle Mie scattering properties |
| CN108801454A (en) * | 2018-05-24 | 2018-11-13 | 中国电子科技集团公司第四十研究所 | A kind of low temperature radiometer heat structure |
| CN109655166A (en) * | 2018-12-11 | 2019-04-19 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | A kind of multi-cavity absolute radiometer intersection calibration measurement method |
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| CN109655237A (en) * | 2019-01-18 | 2019-04-19 | 湖南科技大学 | The focused radiation energy-flux density measuring system of solar energy cavity receiver |
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| CN114279597A (en) * | 2021-12-28 | 2022-04-05 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | High-precision low-power radiant heat flow meter capable of being used for radiant heat flow tracing calibration |
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| CN115014512A (en) * | 2022-06-07 | 2022-09-06 | 中国计量科学研究院 | Double-wedge-cavity absolute radiometer |
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| CN117346887B (en) * | 2023-12-04 | 2024-02-02 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Stray light measuring method outside field of view of cavity type absolute radiometer |
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